Professional Documents
Culture Documents
αβοκάντο
αβοκάντο
2008
...................................................... 2
......................................................... 6
......................................................... 7
................................................................................. 9
. ................................................................................... 11
. ............................... 12
1. ..................................... 12
1.1 ....................................... 13
2. 14
2.1 ............................................................................................... 14
2.2................................................................................................... 15
2.3 ............................................................................................ 16
2.4 ..................................................................................................... 16
2.5 ............................................................................................... 16
3. ............................................................................................................ 17
3.1 ..................................................................... 17
3.2 .............................................. 18
3.3 ............................................................................ 18
3.4 - .................... 18
4. ................................................................................................. 20
4.1 ...................................................................... 20
4.2 ................................................................. 21
4.3 ............................................................................... 22
5. ............................. 22
6. .......................................................................................................... 23
6.1 ......................................................................... 23
6.2 ......................................................... 25
6.3 ........................................................................ 26
6.4 .......................................................... 26
6.5 ....................................................................... 28
6.6 ....................................................................... 29
. ............................................................. 31
1. ........................................................................................... 31
2. ......................................................... 32
2.1. ................................................................. 32
2.2. ..................................................................... 32
2.2.1. ............ 32
2.2.2. ................... 33
2.2.2.1. .................................................................... 33
2.2.3. pH ....................................................... 33
2.2.4. (EC) ......... 34
2.2.5. CaCO3 ................................................................................... 34
2.2.5.1. .................................................................... 34
3. ....................................... 35
4. ............................................................................. 35
4.1. ................................................................................................. 35
4.2. ............................................................... 37
4.2.1. .................................................... 37
4.2.2. ......................................................... 38
4.2.3. ..................................................... 38
4.2.4. ........................ 38
4.2.5.
1 ( 2006) 2
( 2007). ...................................................................... 38
4.3. ......... 39
4.3.1. .. 39
4.3.2. .................. 40
4.3.3.
(Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N) .............................. 41
4.4. ................... 41
4.4.1. 41
4.4.2. ............................. 42
. .......................................... 43
3
1. (02/05/2006) ................................................................................... 43
1.1 Fuerte Hass ...................................................................... 43
2. (28/05/2006) ........................................................................... 45
2.1 Fuerte ...................................................................................... 45
2.2 Hass......................................................................................... 45
3. 1 (02/07/2006)................................................................... 46
3.1 Fuerte ...................................................................................... 46
3.2 Hass......................................................................................... 47
4. 2 (06/08/2006)................................................................... 47
4.1 Fuerte ...................................................................................... 47
4.2 Hass......................................................................................... 48
5.
(06/08/2006) .......................................................................................................... 49
5.1 Fuerte Hass ..................................................................... 49
6. ( 2007) ............................................ 50
6.1 Fouerte.................................................................................... 50
6.2 Hass ........................................................................................ 50
7.
( 2006).................................................................................. 51
7.1 Fouerte ....................................................................................... 51
7.2 Hass............................................................................................ 51
8.
( 2007)........................................................ 52
8.1 Fouerte ....................................................................................... 52
8.2 Hass............................................................................................ 52
9. (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P,
) ...................................................................... 53
9.1 Fuerte ......................................................................................... 53
9.2 Hass............................................................................................ 54
10. () .................. 54
10.1 Fuerte ....................................................................................... 54
10.2 Hass.......................................................................................... 55
11. (mol/g FW)
................................................................................................. 55
4
1.
Hass ................................................... 12
2.
Fuerte................................................. 12
3.
....................... 31
4.
................................................................ 36
5.
........................................ 36
6.
........................... 36
7.
.................................................................................... 39
8.
.............................................................. 39
1.
.............................................................................................. 13
2. .............................. 14
3.
.................... 14
4.
............................................................................... 19
5. .... 20
6.
........................... 23
7.
0-30 ................................................................ 35
8. ....................................... 37
9. .
Fuerte ................................................................................. 43
9. .
Fuerte ................................................................................. 44
10. .
Hass.................................................................................... 44
10. .
Fuerte .......................................................................................... 44
11. . (%)
Fuerte (02/05/2006) .................................................................... 44
11. . (%)
Hass (02/05/2006)....................................................................... 45
12.
Fuerte ....................................................................................... 45
13.
Hass........................................................................................... 46
14. 1
(02/07/2006) Fuerte ............................................................. 46
15. 1 (02/07/2006)
Hass ...................... 47
16. 2 (06/08/2006)
Fuerte .................... 48
17. 2 (06/08/2006)
Hass ...................... 48
18.
Fuerte .......................................................................................... 49
19.
Hass ............................................................................................ 49
20. 1
( 2007)
Fuerte ........................................................ 50
21. 1
( 2007)
Hass............................................................ 51
22. (%)
Fuerte
( 2006) ........................................................................................... 51
23. (%)
Hass
( 2006) ........................................................................................... 52
24. (%)
Fuerte
( 2007) ......................................................................................... 52
25. (%)
) Hass
( 2007) ......................................................................................... 53
8
26.
(Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N, ) Avocado,
Fuerte ................... 53
27.
(Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N, ) Avocado,
Hass ...................... 54
28.
() ,
( , , ) Fuerte .............. 55
29.
() ,
Hass.................................................................................... 55
30.
(mol/g FW)
Fuerte ................................................................................. 56
31.
(mol/g FW)
Hass.................................................................................... 57
32. Fuerte
2 (17/09/07).............................. 57
33. Hass
2 (17/09/07).............................. 58
.
,
23
23-26 2007.
. ,
,
, . ,
.
, , . ,
,
.
.
.
10
.
(Persea Americana) Lauraceae ()
(Crane)
,
Hass Fuerte.
,
, 1601, 1650
1850.
(Morton, 1987).
,
. 330% (
, 1985), , 2-3%,
0,5-2%, ( 0), 1,2-1,5%,
( A, B C) 100. 207 .
, 15 ,
.
1970. 4.000
, 4.000 3.500
(, 2000).
,
. ,
( , ,
, ..),
(, 2000).
,
Fuerte. ,
, ,
11
(Bergh 196, Loupassaki et al. 1995, 1997).
,
Fuerte,
, (
1995, Lahav et al. 1971a, 1971b: Ibrahim et al. 1970).
,
, , ,
Hass Fuerte 1 & 2 .
1. Hass.
2. Fuerte.
.
1.
, Persea Americana Miller, Lauraceae
Mangoliales. (Laurus nobilis
L.), (Umbellularia californica Nutt.),
(Cinnamomum camphora nees & Ebem.) Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Blume .
Persea (2n=24 ) 50 ,
,
. ,
,
Persea ,
12
.
Persea
Persea indica, Persea borbonia, Perse floccose, Persea longipes, Persea
nubigena, Persea schiedeana, Persea skutchii.
1.1
: ,
. .
, ,
, , , ...
1.
1. .
(2400-2800.).
(800-2400).
(<800.).
( 225.)
(500-900.).
).
, ,
, ,
<1mm.
2mm.
2-5mm.
.
6-8
12-16
6-8
-6 C.
-4,5 C.
-2,2C.
CaCO3
13
2 3.
2. .
Bacon
Anaheim
Fuchsia Fuchus
Duke
Benik
Pollock
Ganter
Dickinson
Simmonds
Mexicola
Edranol
Trapp
Scott
Hass
Waldin
Steward
Hickson
Susan
Nabal
Topa-Topa
Reed
Zutano
Yama
3.
.
&
&
Fuerte
Booth 7
Ettinger
Booth 8
Rincon
Lula
Ryan
Monroe
2.
20 .
6 15 .
2.1
.
,
.
14
,
. ,
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
. Gregoriou Kumar (1982)
. : ,
, , .
,
50cm. - .
2.2
.
. , ,
6-30cm.
,
,
.
(Abacatine)
.
15
2.3
( )
.
.
. ,
, .
2.4
. 80%
60cm.
.
.
2.5
. ,
. 7-21
cm 7-11cm. ,
, .
,
, .
Hass, .
( ),
.
, ,
, .
16
(3-30%) ,
.
,
2 3 .
, ,
, .
.
,
.
6 (..
Hass, Reed 12 ).
3.
3.1
, 0,5-1,5cm .
.
() .
1000 ,
, 0,1-1
.
3 3 5
. ,
.
, .
9 :
3 6.
3 ( )
. 2
.
, .
17
3.2
6
2
.
.
,
.
.
3.3
.
,
. 1 4 .
6-8
12 .
.
, .
,
.
3.4 -
(Loupassaki, 1989).
18
, ,
,
,
.
: , , ,
90
,
. , ,
, ,
( 4).
. ,
45 .
.
( )
(, 2000).
( 5).
,
.
,
( 1).
( ).
4. .
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
19
, ,
.
, ,
,
.
5. .
Anaheim
Bacon
Benic
Booth 3,5,7,8
Dickinson
Ettinger
Duke
Fuerte
Hass
Mabal
Mac Arthur
Zutano
Mexicala
Reed
Topa-Topa
Yama
,
, ,
(
>21 C, >15 C, >65%)
.
4.
4.1
, ,
.
,
20
.
.
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
(
) .
4.2
,
.
.
. Heinicke (1923)
2,55 1,5 gr .
21
.
.
/
.
, .
4.3
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
5.
,
.
.
,
(Standards)
, 6.
22
6.
.
( )
(
)
()
1,6
1,6-2,0
2,0
0,05
0,08-0,25
0,3
()
0,35
0,75-2,0
3,0
0,5
1,0-3,0
4,0
0,15
0,25-0,8
1,0
()
Ppm
10-20
50-100
100
(Fe)
Ppm
20-40
50-200
400
Ppm
10-15
30-500
1000
Ppm
10-20
30-150
300
()
(Ca)
(Mg)
(Mn)
(Zn)
6.
6.1
/
.
,
.
, ,
,
, ,
23
.
.
,
.
. ,
,
.
(Coit, 1921, Hodgson &
Cameron, 1935, , 1995), (, 1968, Sidlowski
..,1971, Tafazoli, 1977), (Fischler M. .., 1983, Monselise ..,
1972, Wallerstein .., 1974, Goldshmidt .., 1982, Cohen, 1984, Erner, 1988),
(Lavee .., 1983, Gezerel, 1990), (Dennis & Edgerton, 1966, Ferree
&Palmer, 1982), (Winston & Wright, 1984), (Menzel &Paxton,
1986), (Andersen & Brodbeck, 1988, North .., 1988, Evert &
Smittle, 1990), ,
.
, ,
.
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
.
, ,
24
(Kobel,
1962). (1984)
. ,
(, 1968).
, ,
.
.
6.2
,
.
.
,
(Ticho, 1971).
, ,
.
Fuerte (Ticho, 1971, Lahav,
1971a), Nabal (Lahav .., 1986)
(Ticho, 1971), Ettinger (Ticho, 1971)
Lahav .., 1971a) Benik Anaheim
(Ticho, 1971).
(Gregoriou, 1989) Fuerte (
) ()
,
. (Hodgson & Cameron, 1935)
25
.
(Ibrahim & Bahlool, 1970) Fuerte 5
,
. , ,
, (
, ) .
6.3
.. (El-Kassas .., 1988),
(Crane & Nelson, 1972), (Menzel & Paxton, 1986)
(Day & Dejong, 1990). ,
,
Sunset/ M27 2 (Priestley,
1976a),
.
Fuerte (Ibrahim & Bahlool, 1970)
.
2cm 1cm.
(Ticho, 1971),
(Schneider, 1954), (Casini, 1958), ..
6.4
,
(Wallerstein .., 1973, Erner, 1989), (Priestley, 1976a & 1976b),
(Evert & Smittle, 1990), (Cormack & Bate, 1976),
(Marquard, 1987), (Ticho, 1971).
26
Priestley (1976b),
,
.
13% 25%
.
,
.
, .
.
N, P, K. ,
.
35,25-35 7-29% N, P, K .
, N
P
( )
. N, P, K
Mg, Zn, Mn Fe
(Day & Dejong, 1990),
. Lahav
(1971b) Fuerte Ettinger
N, P, Ca,
Mg, Mn Zn. Erner (1989)
.
Pristley (1876b) ,
Ca
( 30-47%).
( )
27
Ca
.
.
6.5
Kobel
(1962),
( 1-3cm),
5
, ,
.
, ,
.
Kobel (1962)
, ,
.
.
.
(Kobel, 1962).
, ,
.
.
.
28
.
. Lahav et al, (1971a, 1971b)
Fuerte 60-85
.
.
Fuerte 2-3 ( , )
Ibrahim Bahlool (1970) ,
, .
Fuerte 3 (Lahav
.., 1986)
, , ,
. , ,
(Lahav .., 1986).
(Malo, 1971).
6.6
. Noel (1970)
.
.
Coit (1921)
. Hodgson Cameron (1935)
Fuerte
, .
. Lahav (1971a)
,
29
Fuerte Benik. , ,
Pollock Taylor, 7mm,
,
, (Malo, 1971). , ,
.
Hass, Ettinger Nabal
(Lahav .., 1971a)
Simmonds Ruehle (Malo, 1971).
Ibrahim Bahlool (1970) 2
1 .
. Trochoulias
ONeil (1976),
Fuerte
,
.
Gregoriou (1989) Fuerte
( )
( )
()
.
.. (Lider, .., 1959).
, , ,
, .
30
.
1.
, 20 .
350 . 1986 20
Fuerte Hass
350 300 Fuerte 50 Hass.
7x7 . .
2004, 18
, 0,5
2004 .
3.
( Fuerte,
Hass) .
31
10
Fuerte, 12-13
10 Hass 10-11 ( 3).
2
,
25 - 35 cm.
Fuerte 2 3
Hass 2,5 3,5 .
, (5-6 cm)
50 cm .
2.
2.1.
.
2.2.
2.2.1.
30 . 35
- .
30 .
1Kgr.
30 35
C,
, .
.
, pH,
EC ( )
32
(CaCO3).
.
2.2.2.
50 gr .
100ml sodium polyphosphate.
.
mixer 1000 ml
. methanol
40 sec
.
.
2.2.2.1.
: 40 sec - 5.5 = A
A*2=B
100 B = %
: 2 5.5 =
* 2 = %
: 100 = %
2.2.3. pH
15 gr 60 ml
30 ml H2O.
15 .
pH
pH 4.0 pH 7.0.
33
2.2.4. (EC)
, 100 gr,
H2O .
4000
E.C. .
2.2.5. CaCO3
5 gr
125 ml (14,2118 gr )
2 .
. 10 ml 50 ml.
5 ml 3 H2SO4 ( H2SO4
) 70 oC.
50 ml 10 ml 5 ml
H2SO4. 70 oC ().
0.1 N KMnO4
.
2.2.5.1.
CaCO3 :
CaCO3 gr % = ( V V) x 1.25
: V KMnO4 10 ml
C2O4(NH4)2 .
V KMnO4
10 ml
1.25 1 ml 0.1 N KMnO4
.
7.
34
7. 0-30 .
(cm)
0 30
PH
5,8
EC (mmhos)
1,3
CaCO3 (%)
0,35
3. -
, -
. 1kg
1kg . ,
( ) , .
.
4.
4.1.
,
10
Fuerte 10 Hass.
3 .
, 5-6 cm,
( 0,5 m).
.
4 2006
. (
4),
35
, 1,5 - 2 mm, ,
. 0,5 - 1 cm
5 - 6 cm.
.
, 4,5 cm,
.
4.
,
, 1 2006, ,
.
, .
20 , 10 Fuerte 10 Hass (
5&6).
5.
6.
36
4.2.
.
4.2.1.
.
,
,
04/03/2006 I
, 01/04/2006
II, .
,
.
.
2 2006, II
I.
2
8. .
37
4.2.2.
.
20 ( 10 Fuerte
10 Hass), , ( ,
). 28 2006,
I I.
4.2.3.
,
( , ). 2
2006, I
I 6 2006,
I I.
4.2.4.
,
( , )
Fuerte Hass,
2007.
4.2.5.
1
( 2006) 2 ( 2007).
.
38
. 2006
2007.
7. ,
8.
4.3.
4.3.1.
. , 23
2006, I
I, , .
12 20 , 6
(Fuerte Hass). ,
( ,
).
, , ,
. 36 .
,
.
.
39
75C 48 .
36 ,
.
.
.
4.3.2.
, . 0,5 gr
,
() 500C 5 .
Azomethine-H (Wolf, 1971). ,
10 ml 0,1 N HCl .
. 2 ml (
0,1 N HCl)
4 ml
4ml Azomethine-H.
(PH=5,1) 15 gr Na2EDTA
400 ml , 250 gr
125 ml . Azomethine-H
0,45 gr Azomethine-H 1 gr 100 ml .
, 30 45
AzomethineH 420 nm.
,
g.gr-1 .. (ppm). ,
.
40
4.3.3.
(Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N)
0,5 gr , 36 ,
()
550C 5 .
3 ml 6N HCl .
.
50 ml.
36
Ca, K,
Mg, Mn, Fe Zn
.
.
50 ml, ,
2 - 4 ml ( )
()
12 (6
Hass 6 Fuerte), 36 ,
.
, 50 75 % .
,
41
.
.
,
,
.
, 0,1 gr
25 ml
(6 x 3 x 2 ). 10 ml 80 %
, , 60 C 30
, Khon (2000).
15 ml 80 %
. 80 % (1 ml
: 4 ml ).
4.4.2.
) )
2 ml (0,5 gr
250 ml ).
.
2 ml .
, 90 C 15 . ,
,
625 nm, .
.
42
.
1. (02/05/2006)
1.1. Fuerte Hass
( 9 ,9 10 ,10)
.
, Fuerte,
( 9),
( 9). , Hass,
( 10) ,
( 10).
Hass,
,
(. 3.2., .47)
, (. 2.2., .45)
.
, ,
,
(. 6.2., .50)
2
(.12., .57)
9.
Fuerte.
(%)
53,87
55,19
61,60
43
9.
Fuerte.
(%)
46,13
44,81
38,40
10.
Hass.
(%)
59,16
52,80
43,54
10.
Hass.
(%)
40,84
47,20
56,46
11 11
, Fuerte Hass.
11 . (%) Fuerte
(02/05/2006).
..
..
..
..
29,07
12,55
8,26
3,99
31,45
9,45
14,29
24,87
21,70
13,47
1,56
44
11 . (%) Hass
(02/05/2006).
..
..
..
..
21,02
22,07
9,93
6,14
19,73
23,03
7,60
2,44
22,69
12,20
1,75
6,90
2. (28/05/2006)
2.1. Fuerte
( 12)
Fuerte
(, ,
).
12. Fuerte.
/ (.. ..**)
1,010,22a*
1,210,39a
1,240,30a
* (P=0,05).
**
2.2. Hass
Hass ( 13)
,
(, ). ,
45
.
( 13).
(Hodgson & Cameron,
1935).
13. Hass.
/ (..
..)
2,200,39a*
4,550,76b
2,270,45a
* (P=0,05).
3. 1 (02/07/2006)
3.1. Fuerte
( 14)
/ ( 2 2006)
Fuerte.
14. 1 (02/07/2006)
Fuerte.
1 (
/)
(.. ..)
1,010,19a*
0,890,35a
1,070,26a
* (P=0,05).
46
3.2. Hass
Hass ( 15)
(, ).
(2 2006)
.
15. 1 (02/07/2006)
Hass.
1 (
/)
(.. ..)
1,540.26a*
3,270,68b
1,240,28a
* (P=0,05).
4. 2 (06/08/2006)
4.1. Fuerte
/
( 6 2006)
Fuerte ( 16) .
47
16. 2 (06/08/2006)
Fuerte.
2 (
/)
(.. ..)
0,050,01a*
0,020,02a
0,010,01a
* (P=0,05).
4.2. Hass
( 17) Hass /
( 6
2006)
.
17. 2 (06/08/2006)
Hass.
2 (
/) (.. ..)
0,150,09a*
0,000,00a
0,000,00a
* (P=0,05).
48
5.
(06/08/2006)
5.1. Fuerte Hass
, 4
2006 ( ) , 1
2006 ( ),
(Fuerte
Hass)( 18, 19).
18.
Fuerte.
(.. ..)
0,090,03a*
0,150,05a
0,280,10a
* (P=0,05).
19.
Hass.
(.. ..)
0,560,20a*
1,150,28a
1,020,23a
* (P=0,05).
49
6. ( 2007)
6.1. Fuerte
( 20)
Fuerte, ( 2007)
.
. ,
.
20. 1
( 2007) Fuerte.
.. 1
2258,91a*
1453.95b
2757.77c
* (P=0,05).
6.2. Hass
Hass ( 21)
( 2007)
. ,
.
,
,
.
50
Ticho (1971),
.
21. 1
( 2007) Hass.
.. 1
2626.66a*
1539.78b
32011.18c
* (P=0,05).
7.
( 2006).
7.1. Fuerte
2006 Fuerte 70% ( 22)
.
22. (%)
Fuerte ( 2006).
(%)
70
70
7.2. Hass
2006 Hass
51
60% 10%
, ( 23).
23. (%)
Hass ( 2006).
(%)
60
10
8.
( 2007).
8.1. Fuerte
2007,
Fuerte. 80%
( 24) .
24. (%)
Fuerte ( 2007).
(%)
80
80
8.2. Hass
Hass
2007
.
52
70%
60% ( 25).
, Fuerte,
70%,
. , Hass
( 24, 25).
25. (%)
) Hass ( 2007).
(%)
70
60
P(%)
Ca(%)
Mg(%)
K(%)
Zn(ppm)
Mn(ppm)
Fe(ppm)
B(ppm)
0,120,00a*
2,680,38a
0,380,02a
0,640,09a
10,830,09a
28,002,30a
150,007,93a
18,502,17a
0,120,00a
1,860,19a
0,190,01a
0,470,09a
10,160,70a
19,003,47a
132,008,91a
11,661,28a
0,120,00a
2,560,31a
0,310,02a
0,470,04a
11,331,02a
23,163,79a
154,0011,86a
17,333,00a
* (P>0,05)
53
9.2. Hass
Hass
( 27) (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn,
P, B)
.
27.
(Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N, ) Avocado,
Hass.
P(%)
Ca(%)
Mg(%)
K(%)
Zn(ppm)
Mn(ppm)
Fe(ppm)
B(ppm)
0,190,01a*
2,990,10a
0,290,02a
0,840,10a
13,161,07a
54,3310,27a
173,5012,27a
19,001,69a
0,180,02a
2,560,17a
0,270,01a
0,790,05a
11,830,74a
43,009,88a
165,169,51a
15,161,55a
0,190,02a
2,720,35a
0,270,03a
0,790,08a
11,831,07a
44,167,48a
168,008,50a
14,831,24a
* (P>0,05)
10. ()
10.1. Fuerte
.
( 28).
54
28. ()
, ( , , )
Fuerte.
N(%)
1,170,03b*
0,980,04a
1,070,06ab
* (P=0.05)
10.2. Hass
()
Hass
( 29).
29. ()
, Hass.
N(%)
1,260,10a
1,110,07a
1,120,09a
* (P=0.05)
55
. ,
(C H/C-
> C H/C- > C H/C ).
(Wallerstein .., 1973, Erner, 1989), (Priestley, 1976a & 1976b),
(Evert & Smittle, 1990), (Cormack & Bate, 1976),
(Marquard, 1987), (Ticho, 1971).
30. (mol/g
FW) Fuerte.
(mol/ g FW)
87,164,57a*
118,063,12b
103,243,26c
* (P=0.05)
11.2. Hass
Hass
( 31)
.
56
31. (mol/g
FW) Hass.
(mol/ g FW)
81,974,28a*
98,786,03a
97,545,55a
* (P=0.05)
12. 2
(17/09/07)
12.1. Fuerte
( 32)
2 Fuerte
2008,
(, ).
2008 ( 2007)
.
32. Fuerte
2 (17/09/07).
0.40.24a*
0.20.20a
2.60.67b
* (P=0.05)
57
12.2. Hass
( 33)
2 Hass
2008,
.
2008 ( 2007)
.
Hodgson Cameron (1935)
.
33. Hass
2 (17/09/07).
2
5,60,50a*
4.61.07a
101.30b
* (P=0.05)
58
.
( )
Fuerte Hass
( ).
04/03/2006 ( ),
Fuerte. , Hass
04/03/2006 ( )
.
( )
Fuerte Hass.
( ),
,
Fuerte Hass.
, Fuerte
Hass.
Fuerte,
01/04/2006 (
). , Hass
.
(Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, B)
Fuerte Hass.
(N) Fuerte
( ),
Hass ()
( , ).
59
, Fuerte Hass,
2008
( ).
Fuerte Hass.
60
.
2006 2007
,
Hass Fuerte 20 2004
50 .
. 20 , 10
. 10-12
. , ,
, 4 2006 ( )
1 2006 ( ) .
0,5-1 cm,
, 5 . .
.
( 2006), (28 2006),
(2 6 2006)
( 2007). ,
( 2006),
.
Fuerte . , Hass
( ),
. , Hass,
,
.
,
Hass 2 4
Fuerte. N, P, K, Ca,
61
62
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http://www.arborday.org/trees/NineNum 6cfm
http:// landscaping.about.com/cs/lazylandscaping/9/girdling.htm
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Reviews/HortRev_1986_PG_257_289.pdf
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http://www.aces.edu/dept/peaches/peachgirdle.html
http://www.froutonea.grgrmainsstate.aspisscode=63
http://www.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/w articles kathcommon2 13/11/2006
1286067
http://en wikipedia.org/wiki/Avocado
http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/avocado.htm
http://www.avocadosource.com/WAC1/WAC1/p058.htm
http://www.avocadosource.com/wac3/wac3_p061.htm
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