Tim Hieu Cong Nghe Iptv

LI CM N
Vi lng bit n su sc ca mnh, em xin gi li cm n n: Thy L Duy Khnh, ngi trc tip hng dn em hon thnh ni dung bo co lun vn tt nghip. Qu thy c trong Hc vin cng ngh bu chnh vin thng c s ti TPHCM, c bit l cc thy c khoa in t - Vin thng II, nhng ngi tn tnh ging dy trang b kin thc em hon thnh c bo co lun vn tt nghip. V nhng kin thc cng s l nn tng cho tng lai ngh nghip ca em sau ny. Gia nh v cc bn lp D07VTH1, nhng ngi ng vin v chia s vi em trong sut thi gian hc tp ti Hc vin. Cm n mi ngi rt nhiu! Trn Trung Hiu
LI M U
Ngy nay, truyn hnh da trn giao thc Internet IPTV ang pht trin mnh m v tin ti v tr ch cht trong cng nghip truyn hnh thu ph, v cng l dch v thu ht c s ch ca rt nhiu cc cng ty vin thng trn th gii. IPTV l mt h thng nhiu tin ch, bn c th nhn c tn hiu truyn hnh v video song song vi cc dch v a phng tin khc trn cng mt kt ni Internet. C th, IPTV s dng mt kt ni bng rng v mt h thng mng phn phi cc chng trnh truyn hnh s dng giao thc IP. Trn th gii IPTV c trin khai mnh m v thu c li nhun rt ln. Ti Vit Nam, IPTV c cng ty FPT cung cp u tin vo thng 3 nm 2006, v u thng 5 nm 2009, VNPT bt u cung cp IPTV ti Hi Phng. Nh vy, c th thy th trng IPTV ti Vit Nam mi ch giai on bt u v th tim nng pht trin l rt ln. Vi s hng dn ca thy L Duy Khnh v mong mun hiu c cng ngh mi, sau mt thi gian tm hiu em hon thnh c cun bo co lun vn tt nghip vi ti Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV. Ni dung ca bo co gm c phn L thuyt v Thc hnh c trnh by trong 4 chng nh sau: Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV. Chng ny trnh by khi nim v IPTV, cu trc mng IPTV, vn phn phi IPTV, cc cng ngh cho IPTV v cui cng l mt s dch v v ng dng ca IPTV. Chng II: Cc gii php phn phi mng IPTV. Chng ny a ra cc gii php trin khai mng phn phi ni dung IPTV. IPTV c th c trin khai trn cc mng sau: mng truy cp si quang, mng ADSL, mng truyn hnh cp v mng Internet. Ngoi ra, chng ny cn tm hiu mt s cng ngh mng li cho mng IPTV. Chng III: Qun l mng IPTV. Chng ny tm hiu v h thng qun l mng IPTV; cc vn v qun l ci t, cc s c, qun l d phng, qun l QoS. Ngoi ra, chng ny cn tm hiu vic gim st, kim tra v x l cc s c trn mng IPTV. Chng IV: Tm hiu thit b phn cng v chng trnh phn mm trong mng IPTV. Chng ny tm hiu v cc thit b phn cng trong trung tm d liu Headend v mng gia nh. Bn cnh l cc phn mm chuyn dng trong h thng mng IPTV v mt s chng trnh Media Player xem ni dung trn my tnh c nhn.
Do IPTV l cng ngh mi v kh nng kin thc cn hn ch nn cc lp lun, nh gi, trnh by trong bo co cha c r rng. Tuy vy, ni dung bo co c th lm ti liu tham kho cho cc bn mun tm hiu v nm r mt s vn c bn ca cng ngh IPTV. V qua cng mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca cc bn c bo co c hon thin hn. Sinh vin thc hin Trn Trung Hiu
MC LC
Trang LI M U ...........................................................................................................i MC LC.................................................................................................................ii Danh mc hnh v......................................................................................................iv Danh mc bng biu ..................................................................................................iv Chng I TNG QUAN V IPTV ...........................................................................1 1.1 Khi nim IPTV ..............................................................................................1 1.2 Cu trc mng IPTV ........................................................................................2 1.2.1 C s h tng mng IPTV .....................................................................2 1.2.2 Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV ....................................................3 1.3 Vn phn phi IPTV ...................................................................................6 1.3.1 Unicast ...................................................................................................6 1.3.2 Broadcast ..............................................................................................7 1.3.3 Multicast ................................................................................................7 1.4 Cc cng ngh cho IPTV ................................................................................7 1.4.1 Vn x l ni dung.............................................................................8 1.4.2 VoD v Video server .............................................................................9 1.4.3 Cc h thng h tr hot ng ................................................................11 1.5 Cc dch v v ng dng ca IPTV ..................................................................11 1.5.1 Truyn hnh qung b k thut s ...........................................................12 1.5.2 Video theo yu cu VoD.........................................................................12 1.5.3 Qung co c a ch...............................................................................12 TM TT..............................................................................................................13 Chng II CC K THUT PHN PHI MNG IPTV........................................14 2.1 Cc loi mng truy cp bng rng ........................................................................14 2.2 IPTV phn phi trn mng truy cp cp quang ................................................14 2.2.1 Mng quang th ng .............................................................................15 2.2.2 Mng quang tch cc...............................................................................18 2.3 IPTV phn phi trn mng ADSL.....................................................................18 2.3.1 ADSL .....................................................................................................19 2.3.2 ADSL2 ...................................................................................................21 2.3.3 VDSL .....................................................................................................21 2.4 IPTV phn phi trn mng truyn hnh cp.......................................................22 2.4.1 Tng quan v k thut HFC ....................................................................23 2.4.2 IPTV phn phi trn mng truyn hnh cp.............................................24 2.5 IPTV phn phi trn mng Internet ..................................................................26 2.5.1 Cc knh truyn hnh Internet streaming.................................................26 2.5.2 Download Internet .................................................................................28 2.5.3 Chia s video ngang hng .......................................................................28 2.6 Cc cng ngh mng li ...................................................................................28 2.6.1 ATM v SONET/SDH ............................................................................29 2.6.2 IP v MPLS ............................................................................................30 2.6.3 Metro Ethernet........................................................................................31 TM TT..............................................................................................................32 ii
Chng III QUN L MNG IPTV .......................................................................33 3.1 H thng qun l IPTV ....................................................................................33 3.1.1 S dng giao thc SNMP qun l IPTV ............................................35 3.1.2 Qun l thit b bng trnh duyt web .....................................................38 3.2 Qun l ci t..................................................................................................39 3.3 Gim st thc thi v kim tra mng ..................................................................40 3.4 Qun l d phng .............................................................................................42 3.5 Qun l khng gian a ch IP...........................................................................43 3.6 X l cc s c IPTV .......................................................................................44 3.7 Qun l quyn ni dung s ...............................................................................45 3.8 Qun l cht lng dch v QoS.......................................................................46 3.8.1 kh dng ca mng............................................................................46 3.8.2 Phn lp dch v .....................................................................................47 3.8.3 Cc cam kt cp dch v.....................................................................48 TM TT..............................................................................................................49 Chng IV TM HIU THIT B PHN CNG V CHNG TRNH PHN MM TRONG MNG IPTV ....................................51 4.1 Thit b phn cng trung tm Headend .............................................................51 4.1.1 Thit b tip nhn d liu u vo ...........................................................51 4.1.2 B m ha video MPEG .........................................................................53 4.1.3 B ng gi IP........................................................................................53 4.1.4 B chuyn i m video..........................................................................53 4.1.5 Server qun l ni dung ..........................................................................54 4.1.6 Kho video ...............................................................................................54 4.1.7 Video Streaming server ..........................................................................54 4.1.8 Middleware server ..................................................................................54 4.2 Thit b mng gia inh......................................................................................56 4.2.1 Mng gia nh..........................................................................................56 4.2.2 B gii m IP-STB .................................................................................56 4.3 Cc chng trnh phn mm .............................................................................59 4.3.1 Hng dn chng trnh EPG.................................................................59 4.3.2 H thng truy cp c iu kin................................................................60 4.3.3 H thng VoD.........................................................................................60 4.3.4 H thng qun l quyn truy cp ni dung s..........................................60 4.3.5 H thng qun l thu bao v lp ha n...............................................61 4.4 Cc chng trnh Media Player ........................................................................61 4.1 Microsoft ...................................................................................................61 4.2 RealNetwork..............................................................................................62 4.3 Apple Computer ........................................................................................63 TM TT..............................................................................................................64 KT LUN ...............................................................................................................65 THUT NG VIT TT .........................................................................................66 TI LIU THAM KHO..........................................................................................69
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DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 M hnh h thng IPTV end-to-end.............................................................2 Hnh 1.2 Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV .......................................................4 Hnh 1.3 Cc thnh phn ca cu trc chc nng .......................................................5 Hnh 1.4 Cc kt ni IP unicast cho nhiu user IPTV ................................................6 Hnh 1.5 Cc kt ni c s dng trong k thut multicast .....................................8 Hnh 1.6 Cu trc h thng VoD................................................................................9 Hnh 1.7 M hnh trin khai server ............................................................................10 Hnh 2.1 Mng IPTV FTTH s dng cng ngh PON................................................16 Hnh 2.2 IPTV trn cu trc mng ADSL ..................................................................20 Hnh 2.3 Mng HFC end-to-end ................................................................................24 Hnh 2.4 M hnh trin khai cu trc mng IPTV cp kt hp IP v RF.....................26 Hnh 2.5 Cu trc mng cc knh truyn hnh Internet ..............................................27 Hnh 2.6 H tng mng li IPTV ...............................................................................29 Hnh 2.7 Topology mng li MPLS ...........................................................................31 Hnh 2.8 S dng cc EVC cung cp kt ni IPTV qua li mng ..........................32 Hnh 3.1 H thng SNMP n gin ...........................................................................36 Hnh 3.2 Lin kt h thng qun l mng IPTV ........................................................38 Hnh 3.3 Cu trc qun l da trn trnh duyt web ...................................................39 Hnh 3.4 Thit k mng h tr d phng....................................................................42 Hnh 3.5 M hnh khi h thng DRM n gin ........................................................46 Hnh 3.6 V d s dng ba hng i c quyn u tin ...............................................48 Hnh 4.1 Cu trc trung tm Headend IPTV ..............................................................52 Hnh 4.2 Cu trc h thng Middleware IPTV...........................................................55 Hnh 4.3 Cu trc IP-STB .........................................................................................57 Hnh 4.4 Tin trnh x l ca IP-STB ........................................................................59
DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 2.1 So snh cc cng ngh mng PON: BPON, EPON v GPON .....................18 Bng 2.2 So snh cc cng ngh mng DSL ..............................................................23 Bng 2.3 Cc chun OC SONET ...............................................................................29 Bng 2.4 nh dng MPLS header.............................................................................30
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Bo co lun vn tt nghip
Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV
CHNG I
TNG QUAN V IPTV

Truyn hnh k thut s l tin b quan trng nht trong cng ngh truyn hnh t khi phng tin ny c to ra trong th k trc. Truyn hnh k thut s a ra cho khch hng nhiu s la chn v to ra nhiu tng tc hn. H thng truyn hnh qung b tng t c s dng rt tt trong hn 60 nm qua. Trong giai on , ngi xem phi tri qua s chuyn tip t truyn hnh en trng sang truyn hnh mu yu cu ngi xem phi mua cc Tivi mu mi, v cc knh qung b phi c cc my pht mi, cc thit b sn xut chng trnh mi. Ngy nay, vi s pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip truyn hnh s a truyn hnh thng thng sang thi i ca truyn hnh k thut s. Hu ht cc hot ng ca truyn hnh phi c nng cp v trin khai da trn k thut s a ti cho khch hng cc dch v k thut s tinh vi hn. Mt k thut mi c gi l truyn hnh da trn giao thc Internet IPTV (Internet Protocol based Television). Nh tn gi, IPTV c miu t nh l mt c ch truyn ti lung ni dung truyn hnh da trn nn tng l mt mng s dng giao thc IP. Li ch ca c ch ny l kh nng phn phi nhiu loi tn hiu truyn hnh khc nhau, tng cc tnh nng tng tc v ci tin tng thch vi cc mng thu bao ang tn ti. Trong chng ny s trnh by khi nim v IPTV, cu trc mng IPTV, vn phn phi IPTV, cc cng ngh cho IPTV, cui cng l cc ng dng v dch v ca IPTV.
1.1 Khi nim IPTV

Cng ngh IPTV ang gi phn quan trng v c hiu qu cao trong cc m hnh kinh doanh truyn hnh thu ph. Nhng thc cht ngha ca t vit tt IPTV l g v nh hng ca n i vi ngi xem truyn hnh nh th no? Khi mi bt u IPTV c gi l Truyn hnh giao thc Internet (Internet Protocol Television) hay Telco TV hoc Truyn hnh bng rng (Broadband Television). Thc cht tt c cc tn u c s dng ni n vic phn phi truyn hnh bng rng cht lng cao hoc ni dung m thanh v hnh nh theo yu cu trn mt mng bng rng. IPTV l mt nh ngha chung cho vic p dng phn phi cc knh truyn hnh truyn thng, phim truyn, v ni dung video theo yu cu trn mt mng ring. T gc nhn ca ngi s dng th IPTV ch hot ng nh mt chun dch v truyn hnh tr tin. T gc nhn ca nh cung cp th IPTV bao gm vic thu nhn, x l v phn phi chnh xc ni dung truyn hnh ti thu bao thng qua mt h tng mng s dng IP. Theo nh ngha c a ra bi hip hi vin thng quc t tp trung vo nhm IPTV th IPTV l cc dch v a phng tin (v d nh d liu truyn hnh, video, m thanh, vn bn, ha) c phn phi trn mt mng IP c s qun l cung cp cc mc yu cu v cht lng ca dch v, an ton, c tnh tng tc v tin cy. IPTV c mt s im c trng sau: H tr truyn hnh tng tc: kh nng ca h thng IPTV cho php cc nh cung cp dch v phn phi y cc ng dng ca truyn hnh tng tc. Cc dng dch v IPTV c th c phn phi bao gm chun truyn hnh trc tip, truyn hnh hnh nh cht lng cao HDTV (High Definition Television), cc tr chi tng tc v truy cp Internet tc cao.
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Dch thi gian: IPTV kt hp vi mt b ghi hnh video s cho php dch chuyn thi gian xem ni dung chng trnh, y l mt k thut ghi hnh v lu tr ni dung c th xem li sau. Tnh c nhn: mt h thng IPTV end-to-end h tr thng tin c tnh hai chiu v cho php cc user xem cc chng trnh theo s thch, thi quenHay c th hn l cho cc user xem ci g h mun vo bt k lc no. Yu cu bng thng thp: thay th cho vic phn phi mi knh cho mi user, cng ngh IPTV cho php cc nh cung cp dch v ch phn phi cc knh m user yu cu. y l c im hp dn cho php cc nh khai thc mng bo ton c bng thng ca h. Nhiu thit b c th s dng c: vic xem ni dung IPTV khng gii hn cho Tivi. Khch hng c th s dng PC ca h v cc thit b di ng truy cp cc dch v IPTV.
1.2 Cu trc mng IPTV

C rt nhiu ti liu trnh by cu trc ca mng IPTV, trong phn ny trnh by cu trc mng IPTV theo hai vn . Th nht l c s h tng ca mng IPTV, a ra cc thnh phn ca mt h thng IPTV end-to-end. Vn th hai l cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV, ni dung phn ny ni ln chc nng ca tng thnh phn c th tham giao vo cng vic phn phi ni dung IPTV. 1.2.1 C s h tng ca mng IPTV Hnh 1.1 l m hnh mt h thng IPTV end-to-end.
Hnh 1.1 M hnh h thng IPTV end-to-end 1.2.1.1 Trung tm d liu IPTV Trung tm d liu IPTV (IPTV Data Center) hay Headend l ni nhn ni dung t nhiu ngun khc nhau, bao gm video ni b, cc b tp trung ni dung, cc nh sn xut ni dung v cc knh truyn hnh v tinh, mt t, truyn hnh cp. Mi ln
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nhn nh vy, mt s thnh phn phn cng khc nhau nh b gii m, cc server video, cc router IP v cc phn cng bo an chuyn dng u c s dng chun b ni dung s c phn phi trn mng IP. Cng vi mt h thng qun l thu bao IPTV v thuc tnh (profile) v ha n thanh ton. Ch rng, v tr vt l ca trung tm d liu IPTV s c xc nh bi nh cung cp dch v s dng h tng mng. 1.2.1.2 Mng phn phi bng rng Vic phn phi cc dch v IPTV theo yu cu kt ni one-to-one, nu trong trng hp vic trin khai IPTV trn din rng th s kt ni one-to-one s tng ln. Do , yu cu v bng thng trn mng l kh ln. Nhng tin b v cng ngh mng cho php cc nh cung cp vin thng c c mt s lng ln cc mng bng rng. Ring mng truyn hnh cp th s dng hn hp c cp ng trc v cp quang p ng cho vic phn phi ni dung IPTV. 1.2.1.3 Thit b khch hng IPTVCD Thit b khch hng IPTVCD (IPTV Consumer Device) l cc thnh phn cho php user truy cp dch v IPTV. IPTVCD kt ni ti mng bng rng, chng m nhim chc nng gii m, x l cc lung tn hiu ti t mng IP. IPTVCD c h tr cc k thut tin tin ti thiu ha hoc loi tr hon ton nh hng ca cc vn v mng khi x l ni dung IPTV. C rt nhiu dng IPTVCD nh gateway cho khu dn c, b gii m set-top boxes, bng iu khin tr chi 1.2.1.4 Mng gia nh Mng gia nh lin kt cc thit b k thut s bn trong mt khu vc c din tch nh. N ci thin thng tin v cho php chia s ti nguyn gia cc thnh vin trong gia nh. Mc ch ca mng gia nh l cung cp quyn truy cp thng tin gia cc thit b k thut s xung quanh nh thu bao. Vi mng gia nh, khch hng c th tit kim tin v thi gian do vic chia s cc thit b phn cng rt tt v d dng, thng qua cc kt ni Internet bng rng. 1.2.2 Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV Mt mng IPTV c th bao gm nhiu thnh phn c bn, n cung cp mt cu trc chc nng cho php phn bit v chuyn mn ho cc nhim v. Hnh 1.2 chnh by su thnh phn chnh ca cu trc chc nng c to thnh bi cc chc nng sau: cung cp ni dung, phn phi ni dung, iu khin IPTV, truyn dn IPTV, thu bao v bo an. 1.2.2.1 Cung cp ni dung Tt c ni dung c s dng bi dch v IPTV, bao gm VoD v truyn hnh qung b s phi thng qua chc nng cung cp ni dung, cc chc nng tip nhn, chuyn m v m ha s to nn cc lung video s c kh nng c phn phi qua mng IP. 1.2.2.2 Phn phi ni dung Khi phn phi ni dung bao gm cc chc nng chu trch nhim v vic phn phi ni dung c m ho ti thu bao. Thng tin nhn t cc chc nng vn truyn v iu khin IPTV s gip phn phi ni dung ti thu bao mt cch chnh xc. Chc nng phn phi ni dung s bao gm c vic lu tr cc bn copy ca ni
dung tin hnh nhanh vic phn phi, cc lu tr tm thi (cache) cho VoD v cc bn ghi video c nhn. Khi chc nng thu bao lin lc vi chc nng iu khin IPTV yu cu ni dung c bit, th n s gi ti chc nng phn phi ni dung c c quyn truy cp ni dung.
1.2.2.3 iu khin IPTV Cc chc nng iu khin IPTV l tri tim ca dch v. Chng chu trch nhim v vic lin kt tt c cc chc nng khc v m bo dch v hot ng cp thch hp tho mn nhu cu ca khch hng. Chc nng iu khin IPTV nhn yu cu t thu bao, lin lc vi chc nng phn phi v vn chuyn ni dung m bo ni dung c phn phi ti thu bao. Mt chc nng khc ca iu khin IPTV l cung cp hng dn chng trnh in t EPG (Electronic Program Guide), EPG c thu bao s dng chn ni dung theo nhu cu. Chc nng iu khin IPTV cng s chu trch nhim v qun l quyn ni dung s DRM (Digital Rights Management) c yu cu bi thu bao c th truy cp ni dung. 1.2.2.4 Chc nng vn chuyn IPTV Sau khi ni dung yu cu t thu bao c chp nhn, chc nng vn chuyn IPTV s chu trch nhim truyn ti ni dung ti thu bao, v cng thc hin truyn ngc li cc tng tc t thu bao ti chc nng iu khin IPTV. 1.2.2.5 Chc nng thu bao Chc nng thu bao bao gm nhiu thnh phn v nhiu hot ng khc nhau, tt c u c s dng bi thu bao truy cp ni dung IPTV. Mt s thnh phn chu trch nhim lin lc thng tin vi chc nng truyn dn, v d nh truy cp getway kt ni vi DSLAM, hay trnh STB s dng trnh duyt web kt ni vi Middleware server. Trong chc nng ny, STB lu tr mt s cc thnh phn quan trng nh cc key DRM v thng tin xc thc user. Khi chc nng thu bao s s dng EPG cho
Chc nng thu bao
Hnh 1.2 Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV
php khch hng la chn hp ng truy cp v yu cu n t cc chc nng iu khin IPTV. N cng nhn cc giy php s v cc key DRM truy cp ni dung. 1.2.2.6 Bo an Tt c cc chc nng trong m hnh IPTV u c h tr cc c ch bo an ti cc cp khc nhau. Chc nng cung cp ni dung s c b phn mt m c cung cp bi nh cung cp ni dung. Chc nng phn phi ni dung s c m bo thng qua vic s dng DRM. Cc chc nng iu khin v vn chuyn s da vo cc chun bo an trnh cc thu bao khng c xc thc c quyn sa i v truy cp ni dung. Chc nng thu bao s b gii hn s dng cc c ch bo an c trin khai ti STB v Middleware server. Tm li, tt c cc ng dng v cc h thng hot ng trong mi trng IPTV s c cc c ch bo an lun sn sng c s dng trch cc hot ng tri php. Cc thnh phn trong mi trng IPTV s tng ng vi cc chc nng. V d, chc nng iu khin IPTV bao gm cc thnh phn Middleware v qun l quyn ni dung s DRM. Khi phn phi cc nhim v, mt nhm ph trch cc chc nng iu khin IPTV s c kh nng sp xp tt c cc ng dng tng ng vi cc thnh phn cho chc nng . Hnh 1.3 m t cc thit b thc hin cc chc nng trong mi trng IPTV.
Hnh 1.3 Cc thnh phn ca cu trc chc nng
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1.3 Vn phn phi IPTV

Cc kiu lu lng mng IP thi gian thc khc nhau c to ra bi cc loi dch v trn nn IP khc nhau nh VoIP v truy cp Internet tc cao. Vi mi loi dch v c nhng c im ring v ni dung, v th cn phi c nhng phng thc phn phi thch hp. Hin nay c ba phng thc dng phn phi ni dung IPTV qua mng IP l unicast, broadcast v multicast. 1.3.1 Unicast Trong truyn unicast, mi lung video IPTV u c gi ti mt IPTVCD. V th, nu c nhiu hn mt user IPTV mun nhn knh video tng t th IPTVCD s cn ti mt lung unicast ring r. Mt trong cc lung s truyn ti cc im ch qua mng IP tc cao. Nguyn tc thc thi ca unicast trn mng IP l da trn vic phn phi mt lung ni dung c nh hng ti mi user u cui. T gc ca k thut ny, th vic cu hnh thc thi kh d dng; tuy nhin n khng c hiu qu v bng thng mng. Hnh 1.2 trnh by vic thit lp cc kt ni khi c 5 thu bao IPTV truy cp mt knh broadcast trn mng tc cao hai chiu (two-way).
Trung tm d liu IPTV
Digital home 1
Tng i Khu vc 1
IP STB
Gateway
Thit b truy cp mng bng rng Server ni dung IPTV

5K n h 10 IP TV
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Gateway Digital home 2
Router Phn phi Router bin 1
Mng bng rng IP li

Gateway IP STB
Router bin 2
Digital home 3
Gateway
IP STB
Thit b truy cp mng bng rng

Gateway IP STB
Digital home 4
Tng i Khu vc 2
Digital home 5
Hnh 1.4 Cc kt ni IP unicast cho nhiu user IPTV Nh trn hnh 1.4, khi nhiu user IPTV truy cp cng mt knh IPTV ti cng mt thi im, th mt s cc kt ni nh hng c thit lp qua mng. Trong v d ny, server cn cung cp kt ni ti mi thu bao c yu cu truy cp Knh 10, vi tng s l nm lung ring r bt u t server ni dung v kt thc ti router ch.
Nm kt ni ny sau c nh tuyn ti cc im ch ca n. Cc kt ni c ko di ti hai tng i khu vc (Regional Office), vi ba kt ni ti tng i khu vc 1 v hai kt ni ti tng i khu vc 2. Sau cc kt ni c thit lp gia cc router ti tng i khu vc vi cc getway t trong nm h gia nh. y l phng thc truyn dn IP video tt cho cc ng dng theo yu cu nh VoD, mi thu bao nhn mt lung duy nht. 1.3.2 Broadcast Cc mng IP cng h tr chc nng truyn broadcast, v mt no ging nh knh IPTV c a ti mi thit b truy cp c kt ni vo mng bng rng. Khi mt server c cu hnh truyn broadcast, mt knh IPTV gi ti tt c cc thit b IPTVCD c kt ni vo mng bt chp thu bao c yu cu knh hay khng. y s l vn chnh do cc ti nguyn IPTVCD bt buc phi hot ng x l cc gi tin khng mong mun. Mt vn khc m broadcast khng ph hp cho cc ng dng IPTV l trong thc t k thut truyn thng tin ny khng h tr vic nh tuyn. T lu, hu ht cc mng m rng vic s dng cc router, nhng nu truyn broadcast th khng s dng nh tuyn. y l l do lm mng v cc thit b IPTVCD khc b trn ngp khi tt c cc knh c gi ti tt c mi ngi. 1.3.3 Multicast Trong phm vi trin khai IPTV, mi nhm multicast c truyn broadcast cc knh truyn hnh v cc thnh vin ca nhm tng ng vi cc thit b IPTVCD. V th, mi knh IPTV ch c a ti IP-STB mun xem knh . y l cch hn ch c lng tiu th bng thng tng i thp v gim gnh nng x l trn server. Hnh 1.5 m t tc ng ca vic s dng k thut multicast trong v d phn phi cho nm thu bao truy cp Knh 10 IPTV cng mt lc. Nh hnh 1.5, ch bn copy n (single) c gi t server ni dung ti router phn phi. Router ny s to ra hai bn copy ca lung thng tin ti v gi chng ti cc router t ti cc tng i khu vc theo cc kt ni IP nh hng. Sau , mi router s to ra cc bn copy khc cung cp cho cc thu bao mun xem. Vai tr quan trng ca phng thc ny l lm gim s kt ni IP v dung lng d liu i ngang qua mng. y l phng thc thng c cc nh cung cp dch v s dng pht qung b cc chng trnh trc tip v l mt k thut c hiu sut cao cho h tng mng IP ang tn ti. Phng thc ny khng c li trong tuyn hng ln (upstream) lung thng tin gia cc thit b IPTVCD v broadcast server. Cn ch rng, vic pht multicast ni dung IPTV thng phc tp hn nhiu nu so snh vi m hnh thng tin unicast v broadcast.
1.4 Cc cng ngh cho IPTV

C nhiu cng ngh khc nhau c yu cu thc thi y h thng IPTV trong thc t, mt s cng ngh chung c din gii trong cc ti liu khc. Trong phn ny ch cp ti mt s cng ngh c bn c s dng cho cc ng dng IPTV.
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Trung tm d liu IPTV
Digital home 1
Tng i Khu vc 1
IP STB
Gateway
Thit b truy cp mng bng rng Server ni dung IPTV

1K nh
`
Gateway Digital home 2
Router Phn phi Router bin 1

10 IPT V
Mng bng rng IP li

Gateway IP STB
Router bin 2
Digital home 3
Gateway
IP STB
Thit b truy cp mng bng rng

Gateway IP STB Digital home 5
Digital home 4
Tng i Khu vc 2
Hnh 1.5 Cc kt ni c s dng trong k thut multicast 1.4.1 Vn x l ni dung Cc h thng x l ni dung tip nhn cc tn hiu video thi gian thc t rt nhiu ngun khc nhau, hnh thc ca chng l mt nh dng thch hp STB c th gii m v hin th trn mn hnh. Tin trnh ny bao gm cc chc nng sau: Nn: cc ngun video tng t, qu trnh nn s c thc thi trn mi tn hiu video trc khi n c pht ln h thng IPTV. Tc cao nht ca d liu video v di ca gi tin c thc hin sao cho ph hp vi tt c cc ngun video u vo, v n gin ha cng vic truyn dn v cc chc nng ghp knh. Chuyn m: cc lung video tng t c nh dng s, i khi n cn c chuyn i sang thuc tnh MPEG hoc cp lung ti thch hp vi cc b STB. Chuyn m ni dung nh dng HD cung cp cc chun chuyn m gc l MPEG-2 thnh H.264 c c bng thng thp hn cho cc mng DSL. Chuyn i tc : bn cht ca vic chuyn i tc l tin trnh chuyn i tc bit ca lung video s ti. V d nh lung chun SD l 4,5 Mbps c th cn phi gim xung 2,5 Mbps s dng trong h thng IPTV. Nhn dng chng trnh: mi lung video cn c ghi mt nhn duy nht trong h thng IPTV, do cc thit b ghp knh v cc b STB c th xc nh chnh xc cc lung video. Mi chng trnh audio hay video bn trong
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mi lung truyn dn MPEG phi c x l m bo khng c s trng ln chng trnh. Vic x l ni dung c th c thc thi trn mt lung video trc tip hoc c lu tr bn trong video server. 1.4.2 VoD v Video server Cu trc ca h thng VoD s dng cng ngh video-over-IP trn hnh 1.6 bao gm 4 thnh phn chnh. u tin, ni dung phi c x l cho vic lu tr v phn phi bng qu trnh nn v mt m ti trm tin x l ni dung. Mt VoD server lu tr ni dung v to lung gi ti thu bao. Mi thu bao s c mt b STB nhn v gii m ni dung, sau a ln mn hnh hin th. B STB cng cung cp cho thu bao mt danh sch cc dch v t thnh phn qun l thu bao v h thng truy cp c iu kin. y l mt h thng con nhn cc lnh t thu bao, gi nhng lnh thch hp ti VoD server v phn phi cc key gii m cho cc b STB.
Hnh 1.6 Cu trc h thng VoD Cc video server l yu t cn thit cho mi h thng VoD, do chng to ra cc lung video trong thc t v gi chng ti mi thu bao. Cc server c dung lng b nh ln nh khc nhau ty thuc vo cc ng dng khc nhau. Trong phn ny ch cp n mt s kha cnh ca cc server v cch thc chng c s dng cho vic phn phi ni dung. Dung lng lu tr ni dung c h tr trn mt server c th ln hoc nh. S khng ph hp nu server lu tr nhiu nhng ch phc v mt s t thu bao. Khi u t xy dng mt server, cn phi ch ti dung lng ca server c th p ng cc yu cu t ra. Video server c th l mt trong cc loi sau: Cc server sn xut c s dng trong cng vic sn xut cc video, v d nh trong cc mng truyn hnh. cho cc i tng ny, mt server cn
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phi c c ni dung l tng nht trong cc nh dng khc nhau v nhanh chng phn phi cc file cha ni dung ti thu bao khi h cn, cc server ny dung lng thng rt nh. Thay vo , l cc thi b c dung lng ln v h tr tt vic tm ni dung, bao gm cc cng c h tr d liu ln v d liu l cc file gm nhiu phin bn. Cc server c nhn v cng ty c s dng trong trng hp c s lung video phn phi ng thi thp, v d nh mt gian hng trng by ca cng ty c t 5 n 10 ngi xem cng mt lc. y l loi server thng c xy dng trn PC vi cc phn mm c chuyn dng ha. Cc nh cung cp server cn cc server c thit k c bit c kh nng lu tr hng nghn gi ni dung chng trnh v kh nng phn phi ti hng trm hoc hng nghn ngi xem cng mt lc. Dung lng ca cc h thng ny tht s rt ln; v d cung cp cho 1000 user cng mt lc, vi mi user l mt lung 2,5 Mbps. Nh vy server cn c tc d liu xut ra l 2,5 Gbps.
Cc nh cung cp s dng hai phng thc phn phi server trong mng ca h, nh trn hnh 1.7. u tin l phng thc tp trung ha, cc server ln, dung lng cao c xy dng ti nhng v tr trung tm, chng phn phi ni dung cho thu bao thng qua cc lin kt tc cao kt ni ti mi nh cung cp dch v ni ht. Phng thc th hai l phn phi ha server, cc server nh hn c t ti cc v tr gn thu bao v server ch cung cp cho cc thu bao trong vng . Trung tm Library server s download cc bn copy ni dung cung cp cho cc Hub server phn phi c yu cu. Trong phng thc tp trung ha th gim c s lng server cn phi xy dng, gim gi thnh trong vic truyn dn v lu tr ni dung ti cc v tr khc nhau. Cn trong phng thc phn phi ha th gim c s lng bng thng cn thit gia cc v tr. C hai phng thc u c s dng trong thc t, dung lng ca VoD server ph thuc vo cu trc h thng v s thch ca ngi xem.
Hnh 1.7 M hnh trin khai server

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1.4.3 Cc h thng h tr hot ng Vic phn phi cc dch v video ti khch hng yu cu nhiu thit b phn cng c tin cy cao. Mt phn mm ln cng c yu cu qun l s lng cng vic khng l , t vic thng bo cho khch hng v cc chng trnh trn cc knh broadcast khc nhau cho ti d liu cn thit cho vic lp ho n cc dch v m khch hng ng k. Tp trung li, cc h thng phn mm ny gi l h thng h tr hot ng OSS (Operations Support Systems) v n c th bao gm nhiu dng khc nhau. Mt s chc nng c cung cp bi cc h thng IPTV OSS nh sau: Hng dn chng trnh in t EPG (Electronic Program Guide) cung cp cho ngi xem lch pht knh broadcast v tn cc chng trnh VoD sn c. Hng dn ny c th bao gm c cc knh broadcast thng qua vic la chn chng trnh hoc hng dn chng trnh tng tc cho php user ln lch cc knh c pht trong tng lai. Mt s cc nh khai thc dch v IPTV s dng cc cng ty bn ngoi cung cp d liu hng dn chng trnh. H thng phn quyn c yu cu khi cc thu bao ng k xem ni dung thng qua h thng IPTV. H thng ny cn c kh nng kim tra thng tin ti khon ca khch hng, l cn c h thng phn quyn c th p ng cc yu cu ca thu bao hay khng. H thng ny cn kt ni vi h thng lp ho n thu bao. Truy cp ni dung trc tuyn (e-mail, web) c cung cp bi mt s h thng IPTV, cho php user c th xem ni dung trn PC tng t nh xem trn Tivi nhng khng cn b gii m IP STB. H thng lp ho n v qun l thu bao s bo qun d liu chnh v mi thu bao, bao gm hp ng, cc chi tit ho n, cc trng thi ti khon, v cc thng s nhn dng thit b.
Cc h thng OSS c th l thnh phn u t chnh ca cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV v c thi gian ln tin bc. Bi v n m bo cc phn mm cn thit c mua t nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau s thc thi y cc chc nng c la chn bi nh cung cp. Vic tch hp cc h thng ny c th mt nhiu thng, v nhiu cng vic cn c hon thnh trc khi cung cp dch v cho s lng ln thu bao. Hn na, cc chi ph trn l yu t c nh gi d dch v thu ht c 1000 hay 100000 thu bao. Cng nh vy, chi ph lp t cc h thng OSS cn c xem xt cn thn trong k hoch kinh doanh ca cc nh cung cp dch v, vic tnh ton chi ph lp t OSS nm trong giai on u tin ca k hoch trin khai, cc chi ph ny c th vt tri gi thnh ca phn cng h thng cho s lng thu bao thp hn. Hn na, gi thnh bo dng c s d liu s khng c xem xt khi trin khai m hnh kinh doanh cho mt h thng IPTV.
1.5 Cc dch v v ng dng ca IPTV

Cc ng dng cho trin khai IPTV cung cp vic phn phi truyn hnh qung b s cng nh dch v VoD. Nh vy, n cho php cc nh cung cp a ra dch v gi l triple play bao gm truyn hnh, thoi v d liu. H tng mng IPTV cng cung cp hu ht cc ng dng video cng thm sau khi vic lp t h tng mng ti cc v tr ph hp. Nhng trong phn ny ch trnh by mt s dch v c trin khai bi
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cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV ti Vit Nam. l truyn hnh qung b k thut s, dch v VoD v qung co c a ch. 1.5.1 Truyn hnh qung b k thut s Khch hng s nhn c truyn hnh s thng thng bng IPTV. Truyn hnh qung b s c phn phi ti thu bao thng qua truyn hnh cp c nng cp hoc h thng v tinh. S khi u ca cc cng ngh DSL tc cao hn nh ADSL2 v ADSL2+ mang n mt cuc cch mng ln trong lnh vc ny. Vi cc cng ngh tc cao ny cho php IPTV c thm tin cy v tnh cnh tranh vi cc dch v truyn hnh thu ph khc. IPTV c y kh nng a ra cc dch v cht lng cao khc nhau v nhiu dch v hn so vi cc nh cung cp truyn hnh thu ph cp v v tinh trong qu kh. Mt li ch khc ca IPTV l n c nhiu ni dung v s knh ln hn la chn, ty thuc vo s thch ca khch hng. c bit khch hng c th t chn la ngun ni dung a dng ny. Chc nng ca truyn hnh qung b thng thng, truyn hnh cp v v tinh l cung cp tt c cc knh ng thi ti nh thu bao. Tuy nhin, IPTV ch phn phi cc knh m khch hng mun xem v n c kh nng cung cp khng gii hn s knh ny. Khch hng s t do iu khin nhng g h mun xem v xem vo bt c lc no h mun. y l c tnh vn c v c th xy ra ca IPTV v n c s kt hp ca kh nng tng tc hai chiu trn nn mng IP. 1.5.2 Video theo yu cu VoD VoD l dch v cung cp cc chng trnh truyn hnh da trn cc yu cu ca thu bao. Cc dch v truyn hnh c pht i t cc b lu tr phim truyn, chng trnh gio dc hay tin tc thi s thi gian thc. ng dng VoD cung cp cho tng thu bao ring l chn ni dung video v h xem n vo lc thch hp nht. Khi h tng mng IPTV u tin c thit k th cc ng dng v cc dch v to li nhun nh in thoi video, hi thoi truyn hnh, o to t xa v camera gim st an ninh ti nh u c th cung cp cho khch hng. C thm mt s dch v v c tnh tin tin hn so vi h thng truyn hnh qung b truyn thng. 1.5.3 Qung co c a ch Thng tin tin nhn c bit hoc ni dung a phng tin gia thit b v khch hng da trn a ch ca h gi l qung co c a ch. a ch c cng b ca khch hng c th bit c thng qua vic xem xt k profile ca ngi xem. N c thc hin bi lnh xc nh d tin nhn qung co ph hp hoc khng ph hp vi ngi nhn. V th, qung co c a ch cho php tnh ton nhanh chng v chnh xc hiu qu ca chin dch qung co. S hp tc ca ngi xem l din mo ca qung co c a ch. Ngay khi truyn hnh IP c bt u, cc h thng truyn hnh IP c th hi hoc nhc nh ngi xem khai bo tn ca h t danh sch ng k. i li, ngi xem s mun chn tn chng trnh ca h. Ti y, tn chng trnh c mt profile v cc tin nhn qung co c th c la chn, cch xem tt nht l kt ni ti profile ca ngi xem. Bi v, cc c tnh tin tin c a ra ca truyn hnh IP v d nh cc cuc gi ti, e-mail v hng dn chng trnh u nh cc knh u thch, ngi xem c th thc s xem chng.
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Thu nhp c to ra bng cch gi cc tin nhn qung co c a ch ti ngi xem, vi cc profile c bit c th ln gp 10 n 100 ln thu nhp t qung co qung b thng thng. Kh nng gi cc qung co thng mi ti mt s ngi xem c bit cho php cc nh qung co c nh c qu u t chnh xc cho qung co c a ch. N cng cho php cc nh qung co th nghim mt s qung co thng mi khc trong cng mt vng ti cng mt thi im.
TM TT
IPTV l mt h thng cho php phn phi cc chng trnh thi gian thc, phim truyn v cc dng ni dung video tng tc khc trn mt mng nn IP. H tng mng IPTV end-to-end c th bao gm tt c hoc mt s thnh phn sau: Trung tm d liu IPTV l ni chu trch nhim x l v iu ch ni dung phn phi trn mt mng bng rng. Mng phn phi IPTV bao gm nhiu k thut truyn ti ni dung IPTV t trung tm d liu ti ngi s dng. B gii m STB hoc cc gateway c t ti nh thu bao cung cp cc kt ni t Tivi ti mng truy cp IP. Mng gia nh c kh nng phn phi d liu, thoi v video gia cc thit b khc nhau.
Ngoi cu trc c s h tng, cu trc mng IPTV cn c c th bng cc cu trc chc nng. Cu trc chc nng s c th ha nhim v ca tng thnh phn tham giao vo mng phn phi IPTV. Cu trc chc nng bao gm 6 chc nng: cung cp ni dung, phn phi ni dung, iu khin, vn chuyn, thu bao v bo an. Khi trin khai mng IPTV phn phi ni dung cho thu bao th vn cn quan tm l cc c ch c s dng. C ba c ch phn phi l unicast, broadcast, v multicast. Ty vo dch v phn phi m c cc c ch phn phi thch hp, v d nh phn phi dch v VoD th cn c ch multicast, ni dung ch c phn phi cho nhng thu bao c yu cu. IPTV l mt dch v mi, do s c cc cng ngh h tr trin khai. Cc cng ngh cho dch v IPTV l vn x l ni dung, cc VoD v Video server, v cc h thng h tr hot ng. Trong , cng ngh x l ni dung, c th l cc tin b trong k thut nn d liu v cc h thng h tr hot ng l cc cng ngh mi pht trin. Khi trin khai dch v IPTV, cc nh khai thc thy c kh nng cung cp nhiu loi dch v v tnh ton c doanh thu t dch v ny. Doanh thu t t rt nhiu dch v v ng dng, nhng hin nay c ba loi dch v v ng dng mang li li nhun chnh l truyn hnh k thut s, VoD v qung co c a ch.
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Chng II: Cc k thut phn phi mng IPTV
CHNG II
CC K THUT PHN PHI MNG IPTV

Hin nay IPTV c nhn nhn nh l con ng tt nht phn phi cc dch v truyn hnh k thut s cho khch hng. Bn cht ca IPTV l mt mng phn phi tc cao c lm nn mng phn phi ni dung. Mc ch ca mng ny l truyn ti d liu gia thit b khch hng IPTVCD v trung tm d liu ca cc nh cung cp dch v. N cn lm vic ny m khng nh hng ti cht lng ca lung video c phn phi ti thu bao IPTV, n cng quyt nh cu trc mng v phc tp c yu cu h tr cc dch v IPTV. Cu trc mt mng IPTV gm c hai phn l mng truy cp bng rng v mng tp trung hay backbone. Cc loi mng m rng khc bao gm cc h thng cp, in thoi cp ng, mng khng dy v v tinh c th c s dng phn phi cc dch v mng IPTV tin tin. Phn chnh ca chng ny l tp trung din gii cc cng ngh mng phn phi IPTV. Ngoi ra chng ny cng phn tch cc cng ngh mng li c bn trin khai cc dch v IPTV.
2.1 Cc loi mng truy cp bng rng

Mt thch thc c bn t ra i vi cc nh cung cp dch v l vic cung cp dung lng bng thng trong mng sng gia mng li backbone v thit b u cui ti nh thu bao. C mt s nh ngha c s dng din gii v loi mng ny nh mng mch vng (local loop), mng last mile, mng bin (edge). Nhng trong ti liu ny xin s dng nh ngha l mng truy cp bng rng. C bn loi mng truy cp (c dy dn) bng rng khc nhau c kh nng cung cp cc yu cu v bng thng ca dch v IPTV l: Mng truy cp cp quang Mng DSL Mng cp truyn hnh Mng Internet
Cc nh cung cp khc nhau la chn cc h thng phn phi ty thuc vo iu kin ti nguyn mng v nhu cu thc t. Cc phn sau a ra mt cch tng qut cc loi mng truy cp bng rng c s dng trong h tng mng IPTV end-to-end.
2.2 IPTV phn phi trn mng truy cp cp quang

i vi IPTV th yu cu v bng thng ln nhng chi ph hot ng phi thp v trnh c cc can nhiu. Do , ngi ta quan tm ti vic s dng mng cp quang ang c sn trin khai cc dch v IPTV. Cc lin kt cp quang cung cp cho khch hng u cui mt kt ni chuyn dng tt nht thun tin cho vic tip nhn ni dung IPTV. Cc cng ngh v sn xut si quang gn y cho kh nng bng thng ln hn, t c th thc thi mt trong cc cu trc mng sau:
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Cp quang ti khu vc vn phng (FTTRO Fiber to the regional office): si quang t trung tm d liu IPTV ti khu vc vn phng mt cch gn nht c lp t bi cc cng ty vin thng hoc cng ty cp. Sau si cp ng s c s dng truyn tn hiu ti ngi dng u cui IPTV trong khu vc vn phng . Cp quang ti vng ln cn (FTTN Fiber to the neighborhood): nh ta bit si quang c tp trung ti cc node, FTTN i hi thit lp si quang t trung tm d liu IPTV ti b chia vng ln cn. y l v tr node c khong cch nh hn 1,5 Km tnh t nh thu bao. Vic trin khai FTTN cho php ngi dng nhn mt gi cc dch v tr tin bao gm truyn hnh IPTV, truyn hnh cht lng cao v video theo yu cu. Cp quang ti l ng (FTTC Fiber to the curd ): si quang c lp t t trung tm d liu IPTV ti cc t cp c t ti l ng. T mt si dy cp ng hoc cp ng trc c s dng ni t u cui cp quang trong t cp ti v tr thit b IPTV ca nh thu bao. Cp quang ti nh khch hng (FTTH Fiber to the home): vi si quang ti nh khch hng, ton b cc nh tuyn t trung tm d liu IPTV ti nh khch hng u c kt ni bi si quang ny. FTTH da trn mng quang c kh nng phn phi dung lng d liu cao ti ngi s dng trong h thng. FTTH l h thng thng tin song knh v h tr tnh nng tng tc ca cc dch v IPTV.
Vic phn phi nhng cu trc mng ny thng c trin khai bng hai loi mng khc nhau mt cht l mng quang th ng v mng quang tch cc. 2.2.1 Mng quang th ng Mng quang th ng PON (Passive Optical Network) l cng ngh mng kt ni im a im. Mng s dng cc bc sng khc nhau truyn d liu t trung tm d liu IPTV ti cc im ch m khng c cc thnh phn in. Mng quang th ng c xy dng da trn cc mng FTTx theo cc tiu chun quc t. Tiu chun G.983 ca ITU l tiu chun ang c s dng hin nay. Mng PON theo tiu chun G.983 bao gm mt kt cui ng quang OLT (Optical Line Termination) c t ti trung tm d liu IPTV v mt s cc kt cui mng quang ONT (Optical Network Termination) c lp t ti thit b u cui ngi dng. Trong trng hp ny, cc k thut truyn ti d liu tc cao trn cp ng c s dng (v d nh DSL) truyn cc tn hiu IPTV vo thit b u cui ca mi h gia nh. Kt cui ng quang OLT bao gm cp quang v cc b chia quang nh tuyn lu lng mng ti cc kt cui mng quang ONT. Cp quang: kt cui OLT v cc ONT khc nhau c kt ni vi nhau bng cp quang. Vi truyn dn bng cp quang th can nhiu thp v bng thng cao. Theo tiu chun G.983 cho php mng PON truyn cc tn hiu nh sng c s ha vi khong cch ti a l 20 Km m khng s dng b khuch i.
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B chia quang: B chia quang c s dng chia tn hiu ti thnh nhng tn hiu n l m khng thay i trng thi ca tn hiu, khng bin i quang - in hoc in quang. B chia quang cng c s dng kt hp nhiu tn hiu quang thnh mt tn hiu quang n. B chia quang cho php 32 h gia nh chia s bng thng ca mng FFTx.
Cp quang v b chia quang l cc thit b th ng, vic s dng cc thit b th ng truyn dn cc bc sng qua mng m khng cn cung cp ngun t xa gim chi ph vn hnh v bo dng. Mc ch chnh ca ONT l cung cp cho cc thu bao IPTV mt giao din vi mng PON. N nhn lung tn hiu dng nh sng, gim st a ch c gn trong cc gi tin v chuyn i thnh tn cc tn hiu in. Kt cui ONT c th nh v bn trong hoc bn ngoi nh thu bao, c cung cp ngun t trong nh v bao gm cc mch vng (bypass) cho php in thoi vn hot ng bnh thng khi ngun b hng. Phn ln cc kt cui ONT gm c mt giao din Ethernet cho ng d liu, mt cng RJ-11 cho kt ni vo h thng in thoi gia nh v mt giao din cp ng trc cung cp cc kt ni ti Tivi. Kt cui ONT cng lm nhim v chuyn i d liu thnh tn hiu quang truyn trn mng PON. Hnh 2.1 miu t cu trc mng PON c bn c xy dng h tr phn phi cc dch v IPTV v Internet tc cao cho su h gia nh khc nhau. Nh trn hnh 2.1, mt si quang n c ko t trung tm d liu IPTV ti mt b chia quang, v tr ca b chia quang c t rt gn nh thu bao. Bng thng trn si quang c chia s v c kh nng h tr dung lng cao t 622 Mbps ti vi Gbps.
Hnh 2.1 Mng IPTV FTTH s dng cng ngh PON

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Mng PON trn hnh 2.1 cng m t 3 loi bc sng truyn dn khc nhau. Bc sng u tin c s dng mang lu lng Internet tc cao. Bc sng th hai c ch nh mang cc dch v IPTV v bc sng th ba c th c s dng mang lu lng tng tc t nh thu bao tr li nh cung cp dch v. Trn hnh 2.1 cng m t thit b ghp knh theo bc sng WDM, WDM c lp t ti trung tm d liu IPTV v bn trong kt cui OLT cho php mng PON h tr truyn dn nhiu knh song song hoc nhiu bc sng trn mt si quang. Nh vy, s to mt s knh quang o trn mt si quang n. Trong WDM, dung lng ca mng c tng ln bng vic gn bc sng bt u t ngun quang n cc bc sng ring bit trn ph tn truyn dn quang. C 3 cng ngh mng PON l BPON, EPON v GPON h tr c truyn hnh v tuyn truyn thng v IPTV. Chi tit c th ca mi cng ngh c tm hiu trong cc phn sau. 2.2.1.1 BPON Mng quang th ng bng rng PON da trn tiu chun G.983 ca ITU-T. y l topology mng FTTx h tr cc tc d liu ln n 622 Mbps cho hng xung v 155 Mbps cho hng ln. Nh vy, y l phng thc truyn bt i xng, do lung d liu xung trong truyn dn point-to-point l gia OLT v ONT, ngc li ng ln l t ONT c sinh ra ti cc khe thi gian truyn dn d liu.Vic gn cc khe thi gian lm gim bt s xung t lu lng giu cc ONT trn mng; tuy nhin n lm gim ton b tc d liu ca knh thng tin hng ln. Lu rng BPON cng c th c cu hnh h tr lu lng d liu i xng. BPON s dng chuyn mch ATM nh l giao thc vn chuyn. Cc mng da trn nn ATM hu ht u phn phi cc ng dng d liu, thoi v video tc cao. Chuyn mch ATM chia tt c thng tin truyn i thnh cc block nh gi l cc cell, v th n l cng ngh c tc rt cao. Cc cell c c dnh kch thc, mi cell c 5 byte header v trng thng tin cha 48 byte d liu. Trng thng tin ca cell ATM mang ni dung IPTV, ngc li header cha thng tin thch hp thc hin chc nng l giao thc ATM. ATM c phn loi nh l giao thc nh hng kt ni, cc kt ni gia u thu v u pht c thit lp trc truyn d liu video IP trn mng. Kh nng gi trc bng thng cho cc ng dng nhy vi tr l mt c tnh khc ca mng ATM. y l c tnh thng c s dng phn phi cc dch v IPTV. Vic phn phi cc knh ring bit cho cc dch v khc nhau gip loi b c can nhiu. 2.2.1.2 EPON Mng quang th ng EPON l mng truy cp c pht trin bi mt nhm gi l EFM (Ethernet in the First Mile) ca IEEE v c chp nhn nh l mt chun vo nm 2004. Nh tn ca n, EPON l mng PON s dng Ethernet lm c ch truyn dn. Cc tc h tr ph thuc vo khong cch gia OLT v ONT. Lu rng cc mng EPON ch h tr lu lng mng Ethernet.
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2.2.1.3 GPON Mng quang th ng GPON l h thng truy cp da trn tiu chun G.984 ca ITU-T. GPON v c bn l nng cp cho BPON, GPON h tr cho cc tc truyn dn hng xung cao hn, c th l 2,5 Gbits hng xung v 1,5 Gbits hng ln, y l cc tc t c cho khong cch ln ti 20 km. Ngoi ra GPON cn h tr cc giao thc nh Ethernet, ATM v SONET, v cc c tnh bo an c ci tin. GPON cung cp cc h tr a giao thc cho php cc nh khai thc mng tip tc cung cp cho khch hng cc dch v vin thng truyn thng, trong khi cng d dng gii thiu cc dch v mi nh IPTV vo h tng mng ca h. Bng 2.1 tm tt c tnh ca cc cng ngh mng PON c s dng truyn ti tn hiu IPTV. Vi s quan tm pht trin cng ngh mng PON trong tng lai thnh mng truy cp dch v y , IEEE tip tc pht trin mng PON th h tip theo. Ti thi im ny, bt u c hai cng ngh mng PON mi l WDM-PON v 10G-PON. Bng 2.1 So snh cc cng ngh mng PON: BPON, EPON v GPON
BPON Tiu chun ITU-T G.983 Tc d liu Up: 155 Mbps Down: 622 Mbps Up: 1,5 Gbps Down: 2,5 Gbps Up: 1,25 Gbps Down: 1,25 Gbps Giao thc truyn dn Ch yu l ATM v IP trn Ethernet cng c s dng Ethernet v SONET
GPON
G.984
EPON
P802.3ah
Gigabit Ethernet
2.2.2 Mng quang tch cc Mng quang tch cc AON (Active optical network) s dng cc thnh phn in gia trung tm d liu IPTV v u cui ngi dng. Trong thc t, cu trc mng AON s dng cc chuyn mch Ethernet t ti v tr gia trung tm d liu IPTV v im kt cui ca mng cp quang.
2.3 IPTV phn phi trn mng ADSL

Trong mt vi nm gn y c mt s ln cc cng ty in thoi trn khp th gii tuyn b tham gia vo th trng IPTV. S tham gia ca cc cng ty vin thng vo th trng y tim nng ny, dn n kt qu l cc nh cung cp truyn hnh cp v mng bng rng khng dy a ra cc dch v thoi v truy cp Internet cnh tranh. p li, cc cng ty vin thng ang nm gi thun li l h tng mng DSL bt u a ra cc dch v truyn hnh th h tip theo cho thu bao ca h. Ch rng DSL l cng ngh cho php cc nh cung cp vin thng phn phi cc dch v bng thng ln trn si dy cp ng ang dng ch truyn thoi. N lm bin i h tng mng cp in thoi ang tn ti gia tng i ni ht v in thoi nh khch hng thnh ng dy s tc cao. y l kh nng cho php cc cng ty in thoi s dng mng ang c ca h cung cp cc dch v d liu Internet tc cao cho thu bao. Bng thng l mt vn quan trng trong vic phn phi cc dch v IPTV th h mi. Mt s mng bng rng da trn DSL hin c c k tha t cc chun DSL,
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n khng ch n gin l c kh nng h tr cc dch v video tc cao. Hu ht cc mng b hn ch trong vic phn phi lung d liu IP ti mi h gia nh. Trong mt s trng hp n khng th gi tn hiu truyn hnh cht lng chun trn mng truy cp DSL. Vic tng qu trnh thc thi c yu cu cho IPTV c th t c bng cch trin khai cc cng ngh DSL nh ADSL, ADSL2+ v VDSL. Tng quan v cc cng ngh v cch thc hot ng c tm hiu trong cc phn sau. 2.3.1 ADSL ng dy thu bao k thut s bt i xng ADSL l k thut trong h xDSL c s dng rng ri nht hin nay trn cc mng vin thng th gii. ADSL l cng ngh kt ni im im, n cho php cc nh cung cp vin thng phn phi cc dch v bng thng rng trn ng dy cp ng in thoi ang tn ti. N c gi l bt i xng v thng tin c truyn t trung tm d liu ti thit b IPTVCD nhanh hn thng tin c truyn t IPTVCD ti trung tm d liu. Cng v th c tnh kt ni im im ca ADSL loi tr c cc bin i v bng thng ca mi trng mng chia s. Bng vic s dng cc k thut c trng, ADSL cho php tc downstream l 8 Mbps v tc upstream l 1,5 Mbps. Bi vy, mt kt ni ADSL ch cho ng thi hai knh truyn hnh qung b theo chun MPEG-2 v mt kt ni Internet tc cao. im tr ngi chnh ca ADSL l ph thuc vo khong cch tnh t trung tm d liu ca nh cung cp ti nh khch hng. Nu nh khch hng gn trung tm d liu th cht lng dch v tt hn nhng nh xa. Dch v ADSL gii hn khong cch trn l 18.000 ft hay 5,5 Km. Cc thit b ADSL cung cp mt kt ni k thut s trn mng PSTN, tuy nhin tn hiu truyn l tn hiu tng t. Cc mch ADSL phi s dng tn hiu tng t v mng mch vng ni ht (local loop) khng c kh nng truyn cc tn hiu m ha dng s. V th, mt modem ti trung tm d liu IPTV chu trch nhim chuyn i d liu s thnh cc tn hiu tng t c th truyn c. Tng t, ti nh khch hng cng c mt modem chu trch nhim chuyn i cc tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu s ban u trc khi i vo thit b IPTVCD. Cc thit b c s dng trin khai dch v IPTV trn mng ADSL nh trn hnh 2.2 bao gm: Modem ADSL: ti nh thu bao c mt b thu pht ADSL hoc modem. Modem thng kt ni bng cng USB hoc giao tip Ethernet t mng gia nh hoc PC ti ng line DSL. a s modem hin ny u c tch hp chc nng nh tuyn h tr cc dch v d liu v truy cp Internet tc cao. B lc POTS: ngi dng c kt ni vi Internet bng kt ni bng thng rng ADSL s s dng mt thit b gi l b lc POTS lc tn hiu d liu t cc tn hiu thoi. B lc s lc tn hiu ti thnh tn hiu tn s thp a ti in thoi v tn s cao a ti mng gia nh. DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer: b gp knh truy cp ng dy thu bao s. Ti mi tng i khu vc (Regional Office) ca nh cung cp dch v IPTV, DSLAM nhn cc kt ni ca thu bao trn ng
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dy cp ng, tp hp chng li v kt ni tr li trung tm d liu IPTV bng cp quang tc cao da trn mng ng trc. trin khai IPTV, DSLAM thng h tr truyn dn a im (multicast) v th khng cn phi ti to li cc knh cho tng yu cu t mt ngi xem IPTV. DSLAM chu trch nhim trong vic phn phi ni dung IPTV t tng i khu vc ti cc thu bao IPTV. DSLAM c hai loi l DSLAM lp 2 v DSLAM nhn bit IP.
Hnh 2.2 IPTV trn cu trc mng ADSL o DSLAM lp 2: hot ng ti lp 2 trong m hnh OSI v thc hin cc chc nng nh chuyn mch lu lng gia Ethernet v ATM, chuyn tip cc lu lng mng ngc dng (up-stream) v ngn nga can nhiu gia cc thu bao IPTV. Vic chuyn mch gia cc mch o ATM v cc gi Ethernet ngc dng c d dng bng cch s dng c ch bc cu. o DSLAM nhn bit IP: h tr cc giao thc IP hot ng ti lp 3 trong m hnh OSI. Cc chc nng tin tin c tch hp trong cc DSLAM nhn bit IP l ti to cc knh truyn hnh qung b v knh thc hin theo lnh. Cng ngh ADSL l mt tng cho cc dch v tng tc khc nhau, tuy nhin, khng phi l gii php tt nht phn phi ni dung IPTV do cc nguyn nhn sau: Tc d liu: tc ti a ca ADSL l 8 Mbps ch h tr s dng tt cho hai knh truyn hnh cht lng cao v mt s lu lng Internet, tuy nhin,
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n s khng th p ng c cho cc nh cung cp IPTV khi phn phi cc chng trnh ln ti thu bao ca h. Tnh tng tc: v cng ngh ADSL tc download thp hn tc upload, do vy n s hn ch trong vic cung cp cc dch v ngang hng (peer-topeer) yu cu bng thng download v upload bng nhau. Cng v th, cc nh cung cp dch v mng bt u trin khai cc cng ngh ADSL tin tin khc phc cc hn ch, v ADSL2 l mt trong cc cng ngh . 2.3.2 ADSL2 Cc chun ca h ADSL2 c a ra p ng cc yu cu v bng thng, h tr cho cc ng dng yu cu bng thng ln nh IPTV. C 3 loi khc nhau ca h ADSL2: ADSL2: ADSL2 l phin bn u tin ca ADSL2 c ph chun bi ITU vo nm 2003. ADSL2 bao gm mt s ci tin so vi chun ADSL gc l t tn khc, cc tc download cao hn v khong cch t tng i trung tm ti modem ca thu bao xa hn. ADSL2+: ADSL2+ c chun ha sau ADSL2. y l chun xy dng trn ADSL2 v cho php cc nh cung cp dch v mng a ra cc tc ln ti 20 Mbps v hot ng tt trong khong 1,5 Km tnh t tng i trung tm ti modem nh thu bao. ADSL(Reach): cng ngh pht trin ADSL2 vt ln khong cch 1,5 Km tnh t tng i trung tm ti nh thu bao c gi l ADSL m rng hay vit tt l RE-ADSL2 (ADSL- Reach). RE-ADSL2 c chun ha nm 2003 cho php cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV tng khong cch ln ti 6 Km tnh t tng i trung tm gn nht ti nh thu bao. N l cng ngh tt nht thc thi c trong gii hn v khong cch v tc trn cc si cp ng.
2.3.3 VDSL ng dy thu bao s tc cao VDSL (Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line) da trn nhng nguyn l c bn nh cng ngh ADSL2+. N l cng ngh DSL mi nht v phc tp nht ti thi im ny, v n c pht trin khc phc cc khuyt im ca cc phin bn cng ngh truy cp ADSL trc y. N loi tr c hin tng tht c trai v h tr kh nng tc rt ln cho php cc nh cung cp dch v iu kin a ra cho cc thu bao IPTV rt nhiu dch v la chn bao gm c VoD v truyn hnh qung b nh dng HD. VDSL cng c thit k h tr cc truyn dn ca chuyn mch ATM v lu lng IP trn cp ng, iu rt c li cho cc nh cung cp khi h mun k tha cc mng ATM trn h tng mng IP. Mt s thnh vin trong h gia nh VDSL nh sau: VDSL1: y l cng ngh c thng qua nm 2004. N hot ng ti tc gii hn cao hn 55 Mbps cho knh hng xung v 15 Mbps cho hng ln. Tuy nhin n ch hot ng c trong khong cch ngn.

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VDSL2: l mt ci tin t VDSL1 v c nh ngha trong kin ngh G.993.2 ca ITU-T. N c th c chia nh thnh VDSL2 (Long Reach) v VDSL2 (Short Reach). VDSL2 (Long Reach): do thc t DSL ph thuc vo chiu di ca vng ni ht (local loop), mt phin bn VDSL c to ra phn phi cc dch v IPTV cho s lng ln khch hng, trong khi vn c hng kh nng truy cp bng rng tc cao. VDSL vi cc ci tin v khong cch c th cung cp cho cc thu bao IPTV tc truy cp bng rng l 30 Mbps cch tng i trung tm t 1,2 1,5 km. VDSL2 (Short Reach): da trn iu ch DMT, cng ngh ny s dng 4096 tone, chia ra thnh cc bng tn 4 KHz v 8 KHz. Chun VDSL2 s dng k thut ghp knh cho php n hot ng tc cao gp 12 ln so vi chun ADSL, tc l 100 Mbps cho knh hng xung trong khong cch 350 m. Mc d tc knh hng ln khng t c 100 Mbps, nhng cc tc vt tri hn so vi cc tc knh hng ln ca ADSL2+. Cc cp thc thi t c vi gi thit l khng c can nhiu trn si cp ng v cht lng ca cp l tt nht. Kh nng cung cp cho thu bao IPTV tc 100 Mbps truy cp dch v cho php cc nh khai thc bt u a ra cc dch v tng tc tin tin khc cho khch hng ca h.
Cc c tnh mi ca VDSL2 nh ci thin cht lng dch v QoS v ci tin k thut m ha tt c u thch hp phn phi cc ng dng triple-play. Li ch quyt nh gip cng c v tr vng chc ca VDSL trong cng ngh DSL l tnh tng thch ngc v kh nng phi hp vi cc phin bn trc ca mng ADSL. iu ny cho php cc nh cung cp IPTV gii quyt n tha v c hiu qu trong vic pht trin cc mng th h mi da trn nn VDSL. C hai phng thc chnh c cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV s dng tch hp VDSL2 vo h tng mng ang c ca h. Phng thc th nht l thm cc thit b VDSL2 mi ti cc tng i khu vc v cho php DSLAM chy song song vi h thng DSLAM ADSL ang c. Phng thc th hai l t thit b VDSL2 gn thu bao IPTV. Bng 2.2 so snh c tnh ca cc cng ngh DSL c s dng truyn ti tn hiu IPTV. im tch cc chnh ca DSL cho cc h thng IPTV trong thc t l n li dng mng dy dn ang tn ti trn th gii hin nay. im tiu cc l tt c cc mng DSL u phi cn bng gia khong cch v dung lng bng thng, tc l tc ca DSL s gim nu khong cch t thu bao ti tng i trung tm tng ln.
2.4 IPTV phn phi trn mng truyn hnh cp

Cc mng truyn hnh cp truyn thng CATV (Cable Television) c c s vt tri trong vic phn phi hng trm knh truyn hnh ng thi ti hng ngn user. Mi user c th chn mt knh bt k trong hng trm knh ch n gin bng cch d Tivi hoc thng qua b gii m STB. Cc h thng ny d dng thm cc thu bao mi bng cch tch v khuch i tn hiu. Trong qu kh, tnh tng tc b gii hn hoc khng c s dng ti tt c cc h thng, tt c ni dung ch gi trc tip ti ngi xem.
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Bng 2.2 So snh cc cng ngh DSL

Cng ngh DSL ADSL Downstream (Mbps) 8 Upstream (Mbps) 1 Khong cch ln nht (km) 5,5 km Cc dch v c h tr
ADSL2
12
5,5 km
ADSL2 +
25
6 km
ADSLReach
25
6 km
VDSL1
55
15
Vi trm mt
VDSL2 (Long Reach) VDSL2 (Short Reach)
30
30
1,2 1,5 km
100
100
350 m
Mt knh video SD nn MPEG-2, truy cp Internet tc cao v cc dch v VoIP Hai knh video SD nn MPEG-2 hoc mt knh HD, truy cp Internet tc cao v cc dch v VoIP Nm knh video SD MPEG-2 hoc hai knh HD MPEG-4, truy cp Internet tc cao v cc dch v VoIP Nm knh video SD MPEG-2 hoc hai knh HD MPEG-4, truy cp Internet tc cao v cc dch v VoIP Mi hai kn video SD MPEG-2 hoc nm knh HD MPEG-4, truy cp Internet tc cao v cc dch v VoIP By knh video SD MPEG-2 hoc ba knh HD MPEG-4, truy cp Internet tc cao v cc dch v VoIP Mi hai knh video SD MPEG-2 hoc 10 knh HD MPEG-4, truy cp Internet tc cao v cc dch v VoIP
Ngy nay cc nh khai thc CATV bt u tm kim cc h thng phn phi video vi nhiu ci tin, iu cho php h a ra dch v triple-play video, voice v dch v d liu. Cng ngh IP l cng ngh nn tng cho vic hi t cc dch v khc. Cc nh khai thc truyn hnh cp c nhng u t quan trng nng cp mng ca h, h tr cho vic trin khai cc dch v tin tin IPTV. hiu vic phn phi ni dung IPTV trn mng truyn hnh cp v mt cng ngh trong vn ny, trc tin ta cn c cc khi nim c bn v mng hn hp HFC. 2.4.1 Tng quan v k thut HFC Nu mng truyn hnh cp c th s dng trn cc vng c th th khch hng c th truy cp IPTV t mng da trn k thut cp quang, cp ng trc hn hp HFC (hybrid fiber/coax). K thut HFC ni n mt s cu hnh mng hn hp ca cp quang v cp ng trc c s dng phn phi li cc dch v truyn hnh k thut s. Cc mng xy dng da trn k thut HFC c mt s c tnh thun li chuyn giao cho cc dch v th h mi nh sau: Mng HFC c kh nng truyn dn ng thi c tn hiu s v tn hiu tng t. y l c tnh rt quan trng cho cc nh khai thc mng. Mng HFC c th chung ha gia vic tng dung lng v cc yu cu tin cy ca mt h thng IPTV. c im tng c dung lng ca h thng HFC
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cho php cc nh khai thc mng trin khai thm cc dch v m khng cn phi thay i ton b cu trc mng. c tnh vt l ca cp ng trc v cp quang h tr mng hot ng tc vi Gbps.
Nh trn hnh 2.3 ta thy cu trc ca mng HFC gm c ng trc chnh l cp quang kt ni theo cc node quang ti mng cp ng trc. Node quang hot ng nh mt giao tip, n kt ni cc tn hiu upstream v downstream i ngang qua mng cp quang v cp ng trc. Phn mng cp ng trc ca mng HFC s dng topology cy-phn nhnh, cc thu bao truyn hnh kt ni ti mng HFC theo mt thit b c bit gi l b chia cp Tap. Tn hiu truyn hnh s c pht t trung tm d liu ti cc node quang. Node quang phn phi tn hiu thng qua cp ng trc, b khch i v b chia cp Tap ti khch hng.
Hnh 2.3 Mng HFC end-to-end 2.4.2 IPTV phn phi trn mng truyn hnh cp Nhng cuc tho lun trong lnh vc cng nghip truyn hnh cp v vn truyn ti lu lng qua mt mng da trn nn IP v ang tip tc din ra. Do s cnh tranh v th trng kinh doanh truyn hnh thu ph t cc nh cung cp vin thng v nhng hiu qu ln v bng thng khi s dng k thut phn phi IP, dn ti cc nh khai thc mng truyn hnh cp phi hng ti s dng m hnh mng IP phn phi ni dung ti ngi dng. Vic chuyn mt mng da trn tn s v tuyn RF(Radio Frequency) sang mng chuyn mch video s SDV (Switched Digital Video) trn nn IP, d bng cch no th vn cn phi lp t mt s thit b mi t cc router ti b gii m IP STB (Set-
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top box) v cc switch tc cao. Mt s u th ca vic trin khai sang mng chuyn mch SDV: Mt s lng ln bng thng ca mng s c d tr bi v nh khai thc ch nhn c yu cu pht mt knh truyn hnh n l ti b gii m STB. y r rng l s tri ngc vi cc h thng c m tt c cc knh u c pht qung b trn mng v cc knh khng s dng vn chim gi bng thng. Bng thng d tha cho php cc nh khai thc mng cp truyn hnh c th phn phi cc dch v v ni dung IPTV ti thu bao ca h. Nhng nh khai thc mng cp truyn hnh c th o c v gim st mt cch chnh xc ni dung xem ca mi thu bao. y l mt c tnh quan trng cho cc nh khai thc mun to thm doach thu bng qung co.
Hnh 2.4 m t mt cu trc mng IPTV cp c to thnh t s kt hp cc thit b ca cng ngh RF v cng ngh IP. Mt s thit b phn cng c m t trn hnh 2.4 bao gm: Switch hay Router GigE: GiE (Gigabit Ethernet) ni ln nh l mt giao thc vn chuyn c la chn kt ni cc thnh phn mng IP. GigE thng c s dng cho cc ng dng i hi dung lng cao, v d nh VoD. Router GigE tp hp lu lng IPTV v cung cp cc kt ni ti mng truy cp li. Mng truyn dn quang: mng li cung cp con ng mng gia video server trong trung tm ni dung v cc b iu ch ti cc bin ca mng. Mng li c th l mng quang ng b SONET, mng ATM v mng ghp knh phn chia theo mt bc sng DWDM. B iu ch bin: cc b iu ch c t ti cc tng i khu vc nhn ni dung IPTV t mng li, chuyn i ni dung t cc gi IP sang RF v phn phi trn mng HFC ti b gii m STB.
Trn y ch l mt v d v trin khai IPTV cp quy m ln v s dng cu trc theo bc thng qua vic thit lp cc trung tm d liu phn phi theo vng. Trong m hnh trn tt c ni dung u c iu ch thnh cc sng mang RF v c bin dch thnh RF bng rng ng ra, thng nm trong di t 50 cho ti 860 MHz. Mt s h thng hot ng vi tn s ln ti 1 GHz, vi cc tn s cao thng c dnh ring cho cc dch v thoi v d liu. T trung tm d liu ca nh cung cp, mt ng trung k ln c s dng phn phi tn hiu bng rng ti cc Hub phn phi. T Hub phn phi, tn hiu bng thng rng c gi ti mng truyn dn quang, thng qua mng HFC, cc tn hiu bng rng c gi ti cc b STB trong nh khch hng.
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Hnh 2.4 M hnh trin khai cu trc mng IPTV cp kt hp IP v RF
2.5 IPTV phn phi trn mng Internet

T lc truyn hnh c pht minh, mt s cng ngh c pht trin phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh ti khch hng trn ton th gii. Mt s mng c bn l v tuyn, ADSL, cp quang v mng truyn hnh cp. Trong thi gian gn y nht c mt mng cng cho php khch hng xem truyn hnh qung b v ni dung video theo yu cu, l mng Internet. Li dng tc bng thng rng kt hp vi cc tin b trong trong k thut nn d liu v c nhiu chng trnh la chn hn, l mt s l do ti sao s lng khch hng s dng Internet gii tr tng ln. IPTV trin khai trn mng Internet c th l mt trong cc dng ng dng sau. 2.5.1 Cc knh truyn hnh Internet streaming Vic phn phi cc knh truyn hnh trn Internet l mt ng dng rng ri ca IPTV, bao gm ni dung video c streaming t mt server ti cc thit b client c kh nng x l v hin th ni dung video. Cc loi thit b c s dng xem cc knh truyn hnh Internet thng l PC hoc PC trung tm a phng tin. Cc knh truyn hnh Internet c streaming cng c th a vo in thoi di ng hoc b gii m STB. Ni dung cc knh truyn hnh Internet c streaming cng c th c phn phi theo thi gian thc v ngi xem c th xem li theo cch xem truyn thng. Qu trnh k thut streaming knh truyn hnh Internet thng bt u ti server streaming, ti ni dung video c ng vo trong cc gi IP, nn li v pht qua
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mng Internet ti PC client. PC c cc phn mm, thng l mt chng trnh tm duyt (browser), gii nn ni dung video v pht ra video cn sng. Khong thi gian t lc chn knh truyn hnh ti lc xem c thng ngn v ph thuc tc kt ni c th c gia server v client. M hnh cu trc mng c s dng phn phi knh truyn hnh trn Internet nh trn hnh 2.5.
Hnh 2.5 Cu trc mng cc knh truyn hnh Internet Vic trin khai tt c cc knh truyn hnh Internet s yu cu mt server streaming, server ny s h tr cc chc nng sau: Lu tr v khi phc ni dung video ngun. iu khin tc cc gi video IP c phn phi ti thit b ca ngi xem. Thc hin chuyn tip v chuyn ngc cc lnh yu cu t ngi xem truyn hnh Internet.
Mt server streaming n lm vic tt khi phn phi s lng t cc knh truyn hnh ti mt s thu bao c gii hn. h tr cho vic phn phi nhiu knh ti hng trm hoc hng ngn thu bao IPTV, th cn phi trin khai mt s lng ln server streaming trn cc ng mng khc nhau. Cng vic streaming ni dung video hu ht u cn phi bo mt v ni dung khng c lu tr trn thit b truy cp ca khch hng. V th, vic sao chp ni dung tri php cn phi c ngn chn. Mt li th khc ca IPTV l kh nng hot ng hiu qu trn cc kt ni c bng thng thp v ngi xem c kh nng bt u xem ni dung ti mi im trong lung IPTV. Ci phn chia vic phn phi truyn hnh Internet khc vi cc c ch phn phi khc c din gii trong chng ny l cc v tr cng Internet khng thuc s hu ca nh cung cp IPTV hoc iu khin c s h tng s dng cho vic cung cp cc dch v video IP ti ngi s dng Internet. C s h tng mng ny thuc quyn s hu ca cc nh cung cp truyn hnh cp hoc cc cng ty vin thng.
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2.5.2 Download Internet Nh tn gi, IPTV cho php khch hng download v xem ni dung theo yu cu. Hu ht cc dch v download Internet u phi tr tin hoc tr theo dung lng download, cc dch v bao gm tin tc ni b v bn tin thi tit, phim in nh, phim ni b v m nhc, ch dn gii tr v cc qung co c phn loi. Mt s v tr cng Internet trc tuyn gn y bt u tin hnh a ra cc th vin ni dung chng trnh IPTV c th download cho ngi s dng Internet. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, mi ngi u s dng PC xem cc chng trnh download, tuy nhin, mt s cng ty bt u cung cp thit b gii m STB cho nhng khch hng khng mun xem trn PC. Mt s c im ca cng ngh IPTV end-to-end da trn cc dch v download Internet: Cc giao thc mng: chun giao thc truyn tp tin FTP v giao thc truyn siu vn bn HTTP thng c s dng truyn ni dung IPTV t server ti client. Vic s dng cc giao thc trn gim thiu kh nng ni dung IPTV b ngn chn bi firewall. Cng ngh server: chun phn mm Web server thng c s dng p ng cc yu cu v ni dung video. Tc mng: thi gian download mt b phim trn Internet ph thuc vo tc ca kt ni bng rng v cht lng ni dung video. Cc b phim in nh nh dng SD v cc chng trnh download tng i nhanh so vi ni dung video dng HD. Mc d bng rng l dng kt ni c u thch hn nhng vn c th s dng cc lin kt dial-up chm hn truy cp cc dch v download Internet. Cc nhu cu v lu tr: c server v client u yu cu kh nng lu tr tin tin h tr x l cc tp tin IPTV ln. Mt s ng dng ca download Internet cho php cc thu bao IPTV ghi li mt bn copy ni dung video c download vo a DVD v xem bng u DVD.
2.5.3 Chia s video ngang hng ng dng chia s video ngang hng peer-to-peer cho php nhiu user xem, chia s v to ni dung video trc truyn. Vic s dng ng dng chia s video peer-to-peer khng phc tp v n thng l download v ci t mt s phn mm chuyn dng. Khi phn mm hot ng c trn PC, ngi dng ch cn click vo cc link download mt file video. Khi tin trnh download bt u, phn mm ng dng chia s video peer-to-peer c thit lp cc kt ni v bt u ly ni dung video c yu cu t cc ngun khc nhau. Khi file video c download v ghi y vo cng th c th xem ni dung.
2.6 Cc cng ngh mng li IPTV

H tng mng IPTV i hi phi truyn ti c mt s lng ln ni dung video tc cao gia trung tm d liu IPTV v mng phn phi bng thng rng. Mt s chun truyn dn mng li c cc kh nng bo v cn thit m bo tin cy cao. Mi chun c mt s c tnh ring bit v tc truyn dn tn hiu v kh nng m rng. C ba loi cng ngh truyn dn mng li chnh c s dng lm h tng mng
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IPTV l ATM trn nn SONET/SDH, IP trn MPLS v Metro Ethernet. Nh miu t trn hnh 2.6, cc cng nh mng li cung cp vic kt ni gia trung tm d liu IPTV v cc mng truy cp khc nhau.
Hnh 2.6 H tng mng li IPTV 2.6.1 ATM v SONET/SDH Nh bit, ATM c th h tr cc ng dng nh IPTV i hi bng thng cao v cc truyn dn c tr thp. ATM hot ng trn cc mng khc nhau bao gm c cp ng trc v cp xon i, tuy nhin n chy tc tt nht l trn cp quang. Lp vt l gi l mng quang ng b SONET (Synchronuos Optical Network) thng c s dng truyn ti cc cell ATM trn mng li. SONET l giao thc cung cp truyn dn tc cao s dng cp quang. Thut ng SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) c a ra cho cng ngh truyn dn quang theo tiu chun Chu u. Tc tn hiu SONET c o bng cc chun sng mang quang OC (Optical Carrier). Bng 2.3 l cc tc truyn dn ang s dng gi l cp OC. SONET s dng ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) truyn nhiu lung d liu cng mt lc. Vi TDM, mng SONET nh r bng thng cho v tr khe thi gian c th trn di tn s. Vic gn trc cc khe thi gian nh vy s hot ng bt chp c d liu c truyn hay khng. Bng 2.3 Cc chun OC SONET Cp OC Tc truyn dn tn hiu OC-1 (tc c s) 51,84 Mbps OC-3 155,52 Mbps OC-12 622,08 Mbps OC-24 1,224 Gbps OC-48 2,488 Gbps OC-192 10 Gbps OC- 256 13,271 Gbps OC-768 40 Gbps 29
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Trong mi trng IPTV, thit b SONET nhn mt s lung bit v kt hp thnh mt lung n, cc tc c kt hp thnh mt tc chung. V d, bn lung lu lng IPTV c tc 1 Gbps s c kt hp thnh lung 4 Gbps sau c chuyn tip ln mng cp quang. 2.6.2 IP v MPLS Mt s ln cc cng ty vin thng bt u trin khai giao thc Internet IP trn mng li ca h. Mc d IP nguyn bn khng bao gi c thit k vi cc c tnh nh QoS hoc kh nng phn bit lu lng, giao thc lm vic tt nht khi n kt hp vi mt cng ngh gi l chuyn mch nhn a giao thc MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching). MPLS cho php mng h tr vic phn phi c hiu qu cc dng lu lng video khc nhau trn mt nn mng chung. MPLS c thit k v xy dng bng vic s dng cc router chuyn mch nhn LSR (Label Switch Router) tin tin. Cc router ny chu trch nhim thit lp cc tuyn kt ni c nh hng ti cc ch ring bit trn mng IPTV. Cc tuyn o ny c gi l cc tuyn chuyn mch nhn LSP (Label Switched Path) v c cu hnh vi y ti nguyn chc chn truyn dn tri chy lu lng IPTV thng qua mng MPLS. Vic s dng LSP lm n gin ha v tng tc nh tuyn cc gi thng qua mng v vic gi gi kim tra ch xut hin ti cc li vo ca mng v khng yu cu ti mi router hop. Chc nng chnh khc ca LSR l xc nh cc kiu lu lng mng. y l iu t c bng vic thm MPLS header vo phn u ca mi gi tin IPTV. Cc thnh phn ca MPLS header c gii thch trong bng 2.4. Bng 2.4 nh dng MPLS header
Tn trng bit Nhn di trng bit (bit) 20 Chc nng Cha cc chi tit ring bit ca hop tip theo cho mi gi IPTV . c d tr cho user khc. Mt header c th cha mt hoc nhiu nhn. Mt khi Stacking bit c thit lp, LSR s nhn dng c nhn sau cng trong gi. y l gi tr c copy t trng TTL trong IP header.
Cc bit d tr Stacking bit
3 1
Thi gian sng TTL
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Hnh 2.7 Topology mng li MPLS Trong khi lu lng IPTV i ngang qua mng, MPLS thit lp cho cc router mt s bng nh tuyn ni b gi l c s thng tin nhn LIB (Label Information Bases) c tham kho xc nh chi tit c th hop k tip theo sut tuyn. Ngoi vic tham kho bng, mt nhn mi c c ng dng ng gi v c chuyn tip ti cng ra router thch hp. Li ch khc ca mng MPLS l h tr cc cp phc hi nhanh khi mng xut hin li. Hnh 2.7 miu t header c thm vo LSR li vo v c g b bi LSR li ra. 2.6.3 Metro Ethernet Mt cng ngh khc c th c trin khai trong mng li l Metro Ethernet. Mt lin minh ca cc nh cung cp dch v, cung cp thit b v cc cng ty v mng ni ting c thnh lp vi tn gi l MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum). MEF chu trch nhim thit lp cc chi tit k thut tch hp cc cng ngh Ethernet vo mng backbone dung lng cao v cc mng li. Ngoi vic pht trin cc chi tit k thut, MEF cn chng nhn thit b Ethernet s dng trong h tng mng ca cc nh cung cp dch v. Cc c im k thut v hot ng ca cc mng li da trn Metro Ethernet bao gm: Cc thit b khc nhau phi thch hp c trng v cng ngh mng li, l kh nng phc hi nhanh, hiu sut thc thi cao v nng m rng. Mt s thnh phn mng Metro Ethernet hin i c th hot ng ti tc ln ti 100 Gbps vi khong cch xa. N cung cp cho cc nh cung cp dch v mt nn tng mng l tng c kh nng phn phi cc dch v gi tr gia tng mi nh IPTV cho khch hng khong cch xa tnh t tng i khu vc. N thc thi c ch hi phc tinh vi cc li xy ra trn mng, do m bo cc dch v nh IPTV khng b nh hng do t qung. Cc cng ngh Metro Ethernet h tr s dng vic kt ni cc mch o c nh hng, iu cho php cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV bo m vic phn phi ni dung video cht lng cao bn trong mng li. Cc lin kt
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chuyn dng ny c gi l cc kt ni o Ethernet EVC (Ethernet Virtual Connection). Hnh 2.8 trnh by cch s dng 4 EVC cung cp kt ni gia trung tm d liu IPTV v mt s tng i khu vc.
Tng i khu vc 1 Trung tm d liu IPTV
DSLAM 1
Tng i khu vc 2
EV
C1
SERVER ni dung IPTV Router phn phi
EVC2
DSLAM 2
Mng li IP bng rng

Tng i khu vc 3
EV C3
Hnh 2.8 S dng cc EVC cung cp kt ni IPTV qua li mng Ngoi cc c im k thut bn trn, c im gim hin tng mt gi v tr thp ca Metro Ethernet lm cho n tr ln l tng hn trong cng ngh mng li truyn ti cc dch v IPTV. TM TT Ngy nay, cc nh khai thc vin thng c nhiu cng ngh mng chn la khi quyt nh trin khai cc dch v IPTV. Mi mng u c c im k thut ring, v cng c im mnh v im yu khi c s dng mang tn hiu IPTV. Cc kh nng bng thng gn nh khng b hn ch ca mng cp quang l cc tng tuyt vi cho vic phn phi cc dch v IPTV. Cc cng ngh ADSL2 v VDSL cung cp tc bng thng cao. l cc gii php c kh nng m rng v ph hp cho vic phn phi cc ng dng tin tin ca IPTV ti ngi s dng. Kh nng phn phi hiu qu truyn hnh trn mng Internet cng cng l thay i c bn ca cng ngh truyn hnh s ton cu. Vic bo m cht lng ca dch v l vn ln nht ca cc nh cung cp dch v khi phn phi IPTV qua mng Internet cng cng. tr, tc nghn mng v s sa i ca cc gi IP ch l mt s tnh trng ca cc knh truyn hnh Internet.
EV C4
DSLAM 3 DSLAM 4
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chn la mt mng phn phi IPTV c cht lng tt nht, cc nh cung cp vin thng cng cn phi c cc la chn chnh xc i vi cng ngh mng li. Hin nay c ba cng ngh mng li s dng cho h thng IPTV l ATM trn nn SONET/SDH, IP trn MPLS v Ethernet. Cc cng ngh mng li khc nhau v cch thc hot ng, nhng mc ch chung u l p ng cc yu cu cho mng phn phi ni dung IPTV.
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Chng III: Qun l mng IPTV
CHNG III QUN L MNG IPTV

Vic phn phi dch v truyn hnh trn mng IP tr thnh cc thch thc v mt cng ngh v thng mi cho cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV. Mt trong nhng thch thc xut hin u tin trong hot ng ca mng IPTV hng ngy, l nh cung cp dch v cn phi c nng lc qun l lu lng video v cc thnh phn h tng mng IP. Cc nh cung cp IPTV cn phi c mt h thng qun l mng NMS (Network Management System), l cc b phn gim st v nhn dng cc s c c th nh hng ti vic phn phi cc dch v truyn hnh ti khch hng. Mt thch thc khc i vi nh cung cp l vn ci t mt dch v IPTV kh phc tp v to ra cc p lc cho ti nguyn mng ca nh cung cp dch v. V th, cn phi lp danh sch v chuyn mn ha cc bc ci t. Ngoi vic qun l v cung cp cc dch v, cc nh khai thc mng IPTV cng cn phi bo m vic tip nhn dch v ca khch hng thun li hn so vi cc dch v c a ra t cc nh khai thc truyn hnh thu ph khc l truyn hnh cp v v tinh. Ti hu ht cc cp c bn, cc nh khai thc mng cn phi m bo khch hng ca h nhn c y cc hi p cho cc yu cu thay i. y l cc yu cu c bn t thu bao, tuy nhin, vic thc thi chc nng ny c th l vn kh gii quyt i vi cc nh khai thc mng, c bit l cc mng IPTV ln. trnh c cc thch thc trn, trong phn ny a ra mt s chc nng hot ng v k thut thnh cng trong vic trin khai IPTV. Qun l mng ch r cc k thut v cc th tc c s dng gim st v iu khin mng. N bao gm mt s nhim v khc nhau: H thng qun l mng IPTV. Qun l ci t. Gim st thc thi v kim tra mng. Qun l d phng. Qun l khng gian a ch IP. X l cc s c IPTV. Qun l quyn ni dung s. Qun l cc yu cu QoS.
Chng ta s tm hiu cc nhim v qun l mng IPTV trong phn tip theo.
3.1 H thng qun l mng IPTV

Cc mng phn phi IPTV ngy nay to ra ngun thu nhp khng l cho cc nh khai thc. Tuy nhin vic qun l h thng IPTV end-to-end li l nhim v kh khn. Thnh thong, h thng c th mang n cc vn nh hng rt ln cho nh cung cp dch v IPTV. gim thiu ri ro v s c v mng, cc nh khai thc s dng h thng qun l mng NMS gim st cu trc mng IPTV end-to-end. Cc cng c c s dng m bo cu trc mng IPTV end-to-end t c thi gian hot ng hn 99,999% v m bo tn hiu video cht lng cao ti c khch hng. Nh , cc k thut v thit b khc nhau c kt hp li thnh mt h thng IPTV
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end-to-end, trung tm hot ng ca mng IPTV s cha mt s cc h thng khc nhau qun l cc phn ca mng khc nhau. Cc chc nng c thc thi bi h thng qun l IPTV c th bao gm: Quan st mng 24/7: mt h thng qun l mng NMS bao gm cc bn hin th thng tin cc tnh trng ca mt s thnh phn mng nh: Cc thit b v server trung tm d liu IPTV Cc thit b mng li IP Cc thit b mng truy cp Thit b khch hng IPTV Cc mng gia nh
Ti u ha mng: NMS gip qu trnh ti u ha ti nguyn mng, h tr tng kh nng tch hp cc dch v da trn nn mng IP. H tr nhn vin k thut: NMS tp hp cc bn tin li t cc thnh phn h thng IPTV end-to-end h tr nhn vin k thut nhn bit nhanh v gii quyt cc s c c th xy ra hng ngy trn mng IPTV. Bo co: NMS tp hp cc trng thi ca cc thnh phn c bn ca mng thnh mt bo co h thng cho php ngi qun l mng IPTV: Theo di v nh gi cc on t qung ca dch v IPTV. Kim tra sc khe ca cc thnh phn mng Nhn dng cc vn tim tng trn mng thng qua phn tch chiu hng d liu. Ghi nhn vic s dng mng trong cc giai on c bit ch . Minh ha cc thnh phn mng bng th: cc giao din trc gic c trng cung cp mt th hoc bn cc trng thi c th xy ra i vi cc thnh phn h tng mng IPTV end-to-end. Qun l cc li ca server trung tm: cc server IPTV gi vai tr chin lc v cng quan trng trong mng truyn hnh bng rng. Khi cc server b down, nhiu thit b IPTVCD khng c kh nng hot ng chnh xc dn n kt qu l gim doanh thu ca nh khai thc IPTV. Vic gim st cc server trong thi gian thc l yu cu gim thi gian b down. NMS h tr vic gim st server bng cch gi cc thng bo cnh bo v cc s c ti nhn vin k thut. Qun l cu hnh: NMS s lu tr cc mc thng tin cu hnh ca mi thit b c kt ni vo mng IPTV trong c s d liu. Cc dng thng tin ny c th l a ch IP hay cc phin bn Middleware ca mi thit b gii m STB. NMS cho php nhn vin k thut thay i cc tham s trn. Qun l bng thng: IPTV l mt ng dng tn bng thng. V th cn phi ch c bit trong vic gim st s lng bng thng c s dng cho cc ng dng. NMS cho php cc nh cung cp dch v gi quyn iu khin cht ch
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vic s dng bng thng mng v ti u ha mng ca h cho cc ng dng trn nn IPTV. u tin ha lu lng: IPTV l ng dng nhy vi tr. ci thin cht lng dch v c phn phi ti user u cui, NMS cho php cc nh cung cp dch v u tin ha ni dung video trn cc ng dng khng nhy vi tr nh ng dng tm kim trn Internet v lu lng cc ng dng ngang hng. Mt s ci tin ca NMS cng h tr vic u tin ha lu lng mng trong khong thi gian no trong ngy. Qun l cc nht k mng: y l chc nng chu trch nhim ghi v lu tr nht k ca cc s kin xut hin trong thi gian hot ng ca mng IPTV. Thng tin nht k c lu tr gia cc NMS khc nhau, bao gm: Cc chi tit login v logout ca cc user IPTV. Cc chi tit thay i cu hnh ca h thng v thit b IPTVCD. Cc chi tit hot ng ca thit b mng. Cc thch thc cho nhng ngi qun l h thng IPTV kt hp vi d liu t cc NMS khc nhau thu c mt ci nhn tng th chnh xc v qu trnh thc thi ca mng. Thm na, nhng ngi qun l cng cn kh nng h tr cc phn cng khc chy phn mm NMS ng gi ti trung tm d liu IPTV. Mt h thng qun l IPTV thng s dng giao thc qun l mng n gin SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocl) iu khin v gim st cc thit b c kt ni vo mng.Ngoi ra vic qun l thit b bng trnh duyt web cng c s dng. 3.1.1 S dng giao thc SNMP qun l mng IPTV Giao thc qun l mng n gin SNMP l phng thc mnh m gim st v iu khin cc thit b trn c mng IP v non-IP. N l mt cu trc xc nh cc thng s cn qun l ca thit b. SNMP phin bn gc c trin khai vo nm 1988 cho cc thit b trn mng IP, t n c lm thch nghi vi rt nhiu thit b v giao thc khc. Cc cng c thng mi khc u sn sng xy dng cc h thng SNMP. Ti cp c bn nht, SNMP l mt giao thc truyn tin xc nh cch thc thc thi ca h thng, d liu hot ng v cc lnh c tp hp t cc thit b ny. Hnh 3.1 trnh by cch b tr ca h thng SNMP c bn.Cc thnh phn ca h thng bao gm: Network manager l b phn chu trch nhim v cc hot ng chnh xc ca mng. Management console l thnh phn c trang b cho Network manager, n chu trch nhim tp hp thng tin v mng, hin th thng tin v thc hin cc lnh qun l mng. Network management software chy trn manager console thc hin cc nhim v nh hin th cc trng thi mng, cc cnh bo ng nhp v gi cc lnh ti cc thit b mng. Phn mm ny s dng qun l SNMP thu thp thng tin t cc thit b mng khc nhau.
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SNMP manager chu trch nhim v thng tin qun l cc thit b c qun l, gi cc bn ghi chp v cc trng thi hin ti ca mng trn c s d liu ch c gi l c s thng tin qun l MIB (Management information base). SNMP c s dng truyn t thng tin ti cc thit b khc nhau hnh thnh mng, mt s SNMP c trnh by trn hnh 3.1. Thit b 1 v 2 u c qun l trc tip do chng u c trang b mt SNMP agent v mt module c s d liu MIB ni b. SNMP agent chu trch nhim tp hp v lu tr trng thi thit b vo trong c s d liu MIB tr li cc lnh v cc yu cu cho d liu MIB t SNMP manager. SNMP agent cng c th pht ra cc yu cu c bit (gi l traps) ti SNMP manager trong cc trng hp c bit, v d nh cc yu cu khi ng li h thng ngay lp tc. Thit b 3 v 4 khng c SNMP, v th c mt thit b c bit gi l proxy agent qun l chng. Proxy agent cha ng phn mm SNMP agent v mt module MIB bin dch d liu t cc thit b c gn vo. Proxy agent phi tp hp d liu t mi thit b bng mi cch c th, v d nh cc cng serial trn thit b, gim st cc giao tip hoc cc phng thc khc.
Hnh 3.1 H thng SNMP n gin Mt trong nhng li ch ln nht ca h thng SNMP l tp hp d liu v cc chc nng hin th c th c t ng ha. D liu t mi thit b c th c tp hp mt cch nh k phn tch mi hot ng c th xy ra. V d, SNMP thng c s dng tp hp d liu thc thi mng nh s lng gi b mt v hin th n cho Network manager. Hin tng nghn trn mt lin kt vt qu gii hn, lin kt ny c th thay i mu sc trn mn hnh Management console v c th bt u nhp nhy. N s bo hiu cho Network manager iu tra nguyn nhn ca vic tc
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nghn v thc hin mt s hot ng chnh xc hn, v d nh gi i nhn vin sa cha hoc cu hnh li mng gi cc gi theo mt tuyn khc. Trong mi trng IPTV cc dng d liu c tp hp t mng IPTV ri vo ba loi ring bit sau: Cc cnh bo: cc cnh bo s thng bo cho nhn vin k thut ti trung tm d liu IPTV v hot ng bt thng trn mng. Cc cnh bo c s dng bi b phn k thut nhn dng ngun dch v b mt. Tnh trng hin hnh: d liu cc tnh trng hin hnh ca mng c tp hp li trn c s thng thng xc nh cc thnh phn mng IPTV c hot ng hay khng. Cc thng k: cc thng k mng v d nh cc cp lu lng mng c tp hp li bi h thng qun l trn c s thng thng. Mng IP c th thc thi tt hoc xu. D liu thng k c tp hp bi h thng qun l, v nhn vin k thut s dng n ti u ha tin trnh thc thi mng IPTV. Mng c ti u ha ci thin tc phn phi cho dch v IPTV v VoD. Cc ng dng v c s d liu c lu tr trn mt server v s dng cc kt ni theo th t, cc giao tip dnh ring, hoc giao tip Ethernet truyn thng tin vi cc thit b mng IPTV: Cc server IPTV Thit b x l video trung tm d liu IPTV Thit b IPTVCD Cc router IP DSLAM H thng kt cui modem cp CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)
Mi thit b c ti trc mt module phn mm agent qun l SNMP, chc nng chnh ca agent qun l l cung cp thng tin v thit b IPTV ti ng dng server. y l thng tin c lu tr trong c s d liu thng tr c s thng tin qun l MIB. Thng tin trong MIB c chun ha cc dng NMS khc nhau c th s dng c n. Hnh 3.2 m t thng tin gia server qun l SNMP v cc SNMP agent da trn mt s lnh. Mt trong cc lnh l get v get next c nhn t mng IPTV, SNMP agent thc hin lnh c yu cu v gi tr li thng tin c yu cu. Thm vo thng tin yu cu tp hp v tr li, phn mm SNMP agent cng chu trch nhim gi cc cnh bo ngoi cc lnh c bit nhn t SNMP manager. Cc cnh bo s dng cc trap, mt SNMP agent c th thng bo cc s kin hoc cc li xut hin ti cc router, cho php cc nh qun l IPTV c th qun l cc thit b mng.
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Hnh 3.2 Lin kt h thng qun l mng IPTV 3.1.2 Qun l thit b bng trnh duyt web Qun l thit b bng trnh duyt web cho php mt thit b mng vn c qun l t v tr khc thng qua s dng chun trnh duyt web. Thng tin v thit b c hin th trong ca s chng trnh tm duyt, v cc sa i cho hot ng ca thit b hay cu hnh c th c thit lp thng qua cc giao din ngi dng chun. Kh nng ny ca thit b ch c sn phm ca mt s nh sn xut. Hu ht cc thit b mng hin i u cha mt b vi x l thc hin mt s nhim v khc nhau, v d nh iu khin hot ng thit b v truyn tin ra bn ngoi thng qua cc giao tip. Thng tin ny c th ch n gin l bt sng giao din thit b, hoc ph tp hn l t ng qun l cnh bo v thng bo cho h thng. Mt s thit b s dng cc giao din IP cho hot ng chun ca n, u tin l chc nng web server. y l server cho php truy cp web t xa thng tin vi b x l ca thit b cho mt s chc nng. Mt trong rt nhiu chc nng c thc thi trn web server l qun l thit b. Hnh 3.3 m t cc chc nng lm vic cng vi nhau. Trong hnh 3.3, thit b pha bn tay phi l mt thit b mng, c th l b m ho video MPEG vi mt kt ni IP, l mt switch vi port IP qun l hoc mt s thit b khc. Phn mm bn trong thit b thc hin chc nng web server, gim st port 80 t pha ti ca giao tip IP v x l cc yu cu ca giao thc HTTP. Cc yu cu ny c th n t mt s user khc nhau vi cc quyn truy cp khc nhau. p ng cc yu cu ny, server s cung cp cc trang web c thit k theo yu cu cho php user xem thng tin quan trng v thit b.
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Hnh 3.3 Cu trc qun l da trn trnh duyt web V d trong hnh 3.3, c ba lp truy cp c cung cp: nhn vin qun l mng, nhn vin bo dng v user c xc thc. Nhn vin qun l mng c ton quyn truy cp theo di mi mt ca thnh phn mng v c th sa i cu hnh ca thit b. Nhn vin bo dng c th quan st tt c cc trng thi v cu hnh ca thit b nhng khng th thay i cu hnh. User c xc thc c th b gii hn v quyn quan st cc trng thi ca thit b v khng c php thay i cu hnh. Cc lp truy cp khc nhau thng c thc hin chung trn phn mm web server thng qua vic s dng username v password c truyn dn trn cc kt ni m bo (HTTPS). Cc trang web ca thit b thng c mt cch trnh by c nh nhng c th thay i nhanh chng cc trng thi thng tin c cha trong chng. Thng tin ny c th hin th y tt c cc thng s hot ng ca thit b. D liu cu hnh cng c th truy cp nh d liu a ch mng, cc c tnh ca thit b c kch hot hoc khng c kch hot, cc card hot ng hin ti hoc ang ngng, v danh sch cc username v password c php truy cp thit b. Qun l da trn trnh duyt web c li cho vic qun l mt mng bao gm nhiu thit b phn tn trn phm vi rng trong thc t khi mng chia s phc tp.
3.2 Qun l ci t
Do s phc tp v vic la chn cc sn phm c th c trn mng, vic ci t, qun l cc s c ca dch v v mt s l do trc tip ca kt cui dch v c th l thch thc c bit v x l tn km cho cc nh khai thc mng trn ton cu. Vic ci t mng IPTV c th bao gm rt nhiu cng vic khc nhau, trong phn ny trnh by mt s ci t chung nh sau: Phn phi a ch: trong thc t, cc ngun video c c nh cc a ch IP, v th cc thit b IPTVCD c th xc nh chng. Vic phn phi a ch IP c ni r hn trong phn tip theo. Ci t ngun video: y l cng vic thc hin sm nht trong tin trnh ci t v th cc thit b c th c kim tra vi video thc khi chng c ci t. Cc ngun multicast thng cn bng thng thp hn so vi cc ngun unicast gi bn sao lung video ti mi thit b ngi xem.
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Ci t cc phn mm client: hu ht cc phn mm media player mt ph u t ci t, v hu ht cc PC c kh nng ci bng tay cc chng trnh ny. Ci t cc phn cng client: khi cc b gii m IP-STB hoc cc thit b client c ci t, mt s nh cung cp dch v quyt nh a nhn vin k thut ti nh khc hng. iu ny cho php cc cng vic kim tra mng c thc hin y v cc h tr khc c ci t chnh xc. Cu hnh multicast: nu phng thc multicast c s dng trong IPTV, mt phn ca tin trnh ci t phi kim tra li tt c cc thit b mng c kh nng to lung multicast. Tin trnh ny c th yu cu phn mm hoc cc chng trnh nng cp phn cng trong cc thit b mng, v d nh cc router. Cu hnh h tng h thng qun l mng: mt ci tin ln ca cc mng IPTV trn nn IP l cc mng vt l ging nhau c th c s dng gi v nhn cc lnh qun l mng v truyn dn video, vi iu kin l c cung cp kh nng thng tin hai chiu (two-way). Qun l vic di di v lp t li thit b: mi ln cc thit b c di di hoc lp t li th cn phi cu hnh li h thng m bo khng c cc thng bo li v v tr vt l ca thit b.
3.3 Gim st thc thi v kim tra mng

Gim st thc thi l quan st qu trnh vn hnh ca mng c c cc hot ng chnh xc. Tt c cc loi vn hnh u c th c gim st, t vic m cc li trn mt lin kt d liu cho ti vic theo di s lng ngi xem ni dung cng mt lc. Nu tin trnh thc thi khng t c cc yu cu quy nh trc th cc cnh bo s c pht ra phc v cho vic d on cc li sm nht c th. Thng thng, vic gim st l trch nhim c thc hin bi nhiu thnh phn. u tin cc thit b s thu thp s liu v cc hot ng ca chnh bn thn mi thit b, v h thng qun l tp trung s bin dch cc d liu ny phn tch nh k. Trong mt s h thng, d liu c lu tr trn mi thit b v ch c s dng khi nhn vin k thut h thng quyt nh nhn n. Sau , b x l tp trung s phn tch d liu liu ti v thng bo cho nhn vin k thut khi thit b li. Mt s dng d liu c thu thp v phn tch bi h thng gim st thc thi nh sau: Li bit: mt s loi mng bao gm mt byte kim tra tng hoc kim tra chn l s ch ra cc bit hoc cc gi tin b thay i. Cc cp sng mang quang OC: mt s tn hiu nhn c c th c s dng o cc cp sng mang quang ti. Cc gi mt: trong trng hp nghn mng, mt s thit b s khng gi c ht s gi, v th lung tn hiu s b mt cc gi . Thng qua vic gim st s lng gi b mt ti cc v tr khc nhau trong mng, cc nh khai thc mng s xc nh c dung lng cn tng ln, s lng router cn xy dng thm cho dch v hoc cc lin kt cn phi c bo dng. Cc trng thi ca thu bao: tt c cc loi d liu thu thp v thu bao c phn tch xc nh xem c vn g xy ra vi cc kt ni t pha thu bao hay khng, t sm pht cnh bo v cc s c trn mng.
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Cc hot ng ng nhp ca user: d liu ny c th ch ra cc user ang gp s c khi truy cp h thng hoc user gian ln v quyn truy cp, v d nh c nhiu user ging nhau truy cp vo h thng ti nhiu v tr khc nhau trong cng mt thi im. Gim st h thng bo an: thng qua vic thu thp d liu v qu trnh thc thi ca h thng bo an, cc nh khai thc c th xc nh cc firewall ang lm vic chnh xc, cc ngun tn cng mng t bn trong hoc bn ngoi, cung cp cc cnh bo v virus. Thng tin ny cng c th c s dng sau khi mt l thng bo an c xc nh tm ra cch ngn nga cc s c bo an trong tng lai.
Vic gim st thc thi lm vic ngn nga cc s c mng do mt vi thit b c hin tng gim hiu sut thc thi trc khi chng ngng hot ng hon ton. V d, trong mng quang, cng sut pht ca ngun laser s gim dn trc khi mt hon ton, v th vic gim st s cnh bo cho nhn vin k thut thay th thit b li trc khi n lm mng ngng hot ng. Tng t, mt router c th pht hin ra lung tn hiu ti c t l li bit tng, t n nh du lung tn hiu c s c hoc cc kt ni d liu ang gim cht lng. H thng trung tm d liu IPTV c to nn bi nhiu thnh phn phc tp v ngy cng nhiu dch v hn, v th vn cc v mng phi c pht hin v gii quyt nhanh hn. tng ti a thi gian chy h thng v m bo cc dch v c phn phi ti khch hng vi cht lng cao nht, th vn gim st v kim tra cn c tin hnh trn c s h tng mng. Vic gim st cht ch mng IPTV s c mt s li ch sau: Cho php cc nh qun l mng nhn ra cc kiu lu lng mng, t cho bit s t qung hoc s gim st cht lng hnh nh sp xy ra. Vic pht hin ra cc vn tim tng lm gim bt kh nng xy ra cc on t qung ln hoc gim st t ngt cht lng video. Sa cha ngay lp tc s t qung mng d l nh nht. Mang n cho nhm k thut kh nng c tnh phm vi s c mng khi n xut hin. Cp nguy him ca s c s ra lnh cho cc ti nguyn no c s dng xc nh v tr s c. V d, nu s c gim st nh trong cht lng tn hiu video th chin lc sa cha s c s khc so vi cc li ca server VoD ti trung tm d liu IPTV.
m bo cc user IPTV xem c cht lng cao, c th tin hnh mt s kim tra cc thnh phn mng IPTV nh sau: Thit b truy cp: thng tin hnh kim tra cc thnh phn phn cng v phn mm c ci t gn nht, cc user IPTV c th c xem vi cht lng nh mong i v ti u ha vic phn phi cc dch v IPTV a im v n im. Cc ni dung tin hnh kim tra bao gm: Kim tra tc d liu di chuyn trong mng thit b truy cp thu bao. nh gi cc li v cc vn thc thi xut hin do giao thc IP, cc lp ng gi v vn chuyn video ca m hnh thng tin IPTV.
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Mng li IP: thng tin hnh kim tra tt c phn mm v phn cng c s dng phn phi cc dch v IPTV. Cc thng s cu hnh mng c th lun thay i, khi c nh hng ti cc lung IPTV c phn phi. V th cc nh qun l mng phi tin hnh kim tra nh k cc cp thc thi lung thng tin khi c s thay i xut hin trn mng. Cc thay i c th xut pht t vic mng c thm mt switch hay c s thay i firmware ca cc thit b. Thit b trung tm d liu IPTV: cc thit b khc nhau c ci t ti trung tm d liu IPTV cn c kim tra y m bo n c kh nng phn phi nhiu dch v IPTV ti s lng ln thit b IPTVCD mt cch chc chn v hiu sut cao. K hoch kim tra cng cn thc hin thng xuyn trn ni dung cung cp bi cc nh cung cp ni dung m bo t c cc cp cht lng vi cc thng s tha thun. Thit b IPTVCD: kim tra cc thit b IPTVCD bit cc thit b IPTVCD no c s dng cung cp cho user truy cp cc dch v. Cc loi kim tra tin hnh trn thit b IPTVCD c th thay i theo cc knh c yu cu bi ngi xem, cc knh ny c iu khin t xa, l cc knh thc t nhn c m bo thi gian thay i knh khi s lng thu bao kt ni ti cc server IPTV ln. Thc hin y chng trnh kim tra ton din gip cho cc nh cung cp dch v c th ti u ha mng phn phi ni dung IPTV ca h.
3.4 Qun l d phng

Dch v IPTV c cc yu cu v kh dng v tin cy. ngn nga cc hin tng lm t qung vic cung cp dch v th cc thit b mng v thit b trung tm d liu IPTV cn c h tr vic thay th nhanh chng cc thit b gp s c. Thi gian cn thit thay th s ch l vi ms m bo s c khng nh hng ti dch v. Cc cp d phng ca phn cng v phn mm i khi c cc nh cung cp dng gim thiu nh hng ca vic t qung dch v ln cc thu bao IPTV.
Hnh 3.4 Thit k mng h tr d phng

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Hnh 3.4 miu t thit k mng h tr mt cp d phng c ci tin ti trung tm d liu IPTV cng nh bn thn mng. Mng c miu t bao gm mt s c tnh d phng sau: Topology mng ring i xng c s dng truyn ti lu lng IPTV ti li mng. V th khi lin kt b t ti bt k ch no trong mng ring th lu lng IPTV s c nh tuyn i theo hng ngc li trong mng ring. Cc thnh phn h tng mng c lp t song song hai thit b. Trong v d ny, VoD server, server streaming multicast IPTV v b m ha u c hai thit b. Router phn phi d phng cng c lp t m bo router sn sng truyn ti nu mt trong hai thit b gp s c. Mi b m ha c hai cng ra. Mt s lin kt d phng cng c sn sng gia router phn phi v cc router bin phc v s lng ln user u cui.
Cc cp d phng c xy dng khi thit k mng IPTV s ph thuc vo loi dch v IPTV c trin khai trn mng. V d nh vic phn phi ni dung chng trnh trc tip pht qung b c yu cu v s sn sng thay th v cng cao, tri li dch v VoD c mc yu cu rt thp v thu bao c th rewind li on b mt khi mng gp s c. tinh vi, cp d phng v kh nng backup cc tuyn thng l trch nhim ca i k s qun l h tng mng. Lch bo dng cc thnh phn mng khc nhau l mt phng thc khc thng c s dng tng ti a thi gian hot ng ca h tng mng. Cc h thng bo dng tinh vi thng c cc nh cung cp s dng theo di cc hot ng bo dng hng ngy v hng tun. Ngoi cc hot ng bo dng theo di, h thng ny cng duy tr cc chi tit d phng sn sng cho php cc nh qun l mng IPTV phn tch v ln k hoch bo dng trong tng lai.
3.5 Qun l khng gian a ch IP

Vic phn phi cc a ch IP s lun l vn vi cc mng c thit k truyn ti dch v. V d, trong mi trng triple-play n c th cu hnh cc IP subnet khc nhau cho mi dch v voice, truy cp Internet v IPTV. N cng c kh nng thit k mt lc a ch IP h tr vic chia s cc thit b h tng mng nh qun l DSN, OSS v cc DHCP server cho tt c cc dch v. Mt khi lc a ch IP c cu hnh trn cc thit b c chia s, th n c th chia IP subnet hoc pool a ch cho cc ti nguyn mng phn phi dch v triple-play. V d, VoD server v IP-STB ti nh thu bao u c cu hnh nh l mt phn ca subnet dch v IPTV. Vic phn phi a ch IP trong mng IPTV l trch nhim ca DHCP server. DHCP l chc nng c yu cu trong mt s cng ty mng v cc nh cung cp dch v Internet ISP (Internet Service Provider). Vi DHCP, mt my tnh ch s dng duy nht mt a ch IP truy cp Internet. DHCP cng c tc dng khi ng dng trong mng IPTV. s dng DHCP, mi thit b IPTVCD phi tm DHCP server trong mng bng cch pht broadcast mt yu cu ti tt c cc thit b. Khi DHCP server nhn c yu cu, n s chn mt a ch IP ang sn sng c s dng v gi tr li thit b IPTVCD yu cu. DHCP cung cp cho cc nh qun l mng IPTV mt s thun li sau:
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Bng vic s dng DHCP, tt c cc chi tit cu hnh cn thit cho IPTVCD c b tr trc m khng cn user c bit v cc chi tit khng. Khng cn phi cu hnh cho mi thit b mt a ch IP c nh. DHCP tp trung ha vic qun l a ch IP. Vic ci t DHCP server t ng phn phi cc a ch IP cho cc thit b trn mng IPTV thng khng phc tp. DHCP c th nh r mt dy a ch IP sn sng c dng cho tng vng ring bit. C th tch hp DHCP v OSS h tr vic cung cp cc dch v IPTV mi.
3.6 X l cc s c IPTV
Cc s c gp phi ca thu bao IPTV vi cc dch v thng c thng bo bng cch gi ti b phn dch v khch hng. Nu cc s c xut hin trn mng th n tr thnh quan trng nn h phi gii quyt n nhanh. h tr nhn vin k thut v nh qun l th phi cn ti kh nng xc nh v x l cc s c. Vic x l s c mng IPTV tng t nh x l s c cc ng dng trn nn IP khc. Trc ht, s c cn c c lp, v s ph thuc vo bn cht v phm vi ca s c. Tip theo s l sa cha s c, vic sa cha s c thng t c kt qu tt bng cch thay i cu hnh hoc thay th thnh phn b li trn mng. Hu ht cc li trn cc mng IPTV ri vo 5 vng sau: Mng: cc li c th xut hin trong cc thnh phn khc nhau ca mng. Nhn vin k thut IPTV thng s dng b nh hi (sniffer) kho st d liu i qua mng cn hot ng. B phn tch giao thc thng c mt PC, mt card mng v mt ng dng phn tch cc s c trn mng. Vic phn tch mng trong thi gian thc gip pht hin v gii quyt cc li mng v cc s c nhanh hn. Cc server backend: cc phn mm server c bit thng c s dng x l cc s c xut hin trn server. Thit b IPTVCD: tin cy cao l iu c mong i t cc thit b IPTVCD nh b gii m STB v cc thit b gateway. V th cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV pht trin cc h thng tinh vi tp hp cc bn tin li t thit b IPTVCD v s dng thng tin x l cc s c c th xut hin trn dch v IPTV. Thng tin ny thng c lu tr trong cc ng dng qun l thit b trong nh khch hng, v s c s dng bi nhn vin k thut IPTV nhn bit nguyn nhn chnh ca s c tc ng ti dch v cho cc thu bao ring l. Cc s c thng thng bao gm cc vn v b nh m, cc trc trc v phn cng v li phn mm. Khi vng s c c nhn bit giai on tip theo l gii quyt s c, c th bao gm cc hnh ng sau: Thay i cu hnh ci cho thit b IPTVCD. Thng bo qua in thoi cc s c xy ra cho ngi s dng v cung cp cc lnh gii quyt s c. Cng c th s dng e-mail b sung thng tin v cc lnh.
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Khi cc s c khng gii quyt c qua in thoi th nhn vin k thut bt buc phi ti nh khch hng. V cui cng khng gii quyt s c bng cc hnh ng trn ta nh phi thay th thit b mi. Ch vic x l s c ni b v vic tm thy v loi b chng thng hon thnh theo tng n v giao din vt l. Mng trong nh khch hng: cc s c nh ng i dy trong nh b hng, cp km cht lng, virus, ci t a ch IP khng ng v driver khng ph hp tt c u c th tc ng ti dch v IPTV. H thng qun l t xa kt hp vi in thoi hoc e-mail h tr thng c s dng x l cc s c xut hin trn mng trong nh khch hng. Nh cung cp ni dung bn ngoi: vic tip nhn ni dung l nhng video c m ha km cht lng to nn cc s c v truyn dn. Khi s c c nhn bit nh cung cp th 3 ny cn c thng bo v x l s c. x l cc s c ring bit, yu t chnh l cc tin trnh x l v cc th tc ca nh cung cp dch v IPTV khi pht hin s c v c phng n x l.
3.7 Qun l quyn ni dung s

Qun l quyn ni dung s DRM (Digital Right Management) l mt tp hp cc nh ngha v cc c ch c s dng iu khin truy cp ni dung thng qua vic mt m hoc cc phng php khc. DRM lun lun l mt yu cu s dng trong vic cung cp ni dung video thi gian gn y trn h thng phn phi IPTV cng nh h thng truyn hnh cp v truyn hnh v tinh. Cc nh sn xut ni dung rt lo ngi trong vic cung cp ni dung ti nh phn phi khng c h thng DRM hiu qu, do c kh nng ni dung c th c s dng to cc bn copy khc sau bn li mt cch tri php. Vic kim sot ny cn m rng t nh phn phi ti cc thit b m ngi xem c th xem li ni dung, v d nh STB hoc PC. Cc chnh sch DRM c th rt cht ch hoc cng c th rt bung lng; quyn s hu ni dung xc nh cc chnh sch kim sot. Mt khi cc chnh sch ny c xc nh, trch nhim ca h thng DRM l lm cho cc chnh sch ny c hiu lc. Trn hnh 3.5 l m hnh khi n gin ca mt h thng DRM. Trong h thng DRM thc t cho h thng VoD, quyn s hu ni dung c hai nhim v. u tin, ni dung phi c phn phi ti mt server m bo, ni dung c th c truy cp da trn cc yu cu ca ngi xem. Th hai, cc quy nh cho ngi xem phi c nh r. V d, ngi xem tr mt gi ch c th xem ni dung ca mt lung, ngc li th c mt s ngi c th download ni dung v xem n trong mt khong thi gian no . H thng DRM lm cc quy nh c hiu lc i vi quyn s hu ni dung, n cn c cp nht nhng ngi tham gia vo v ri khi h thng. H thng DRM chu trch nhim m bo chc chn ngi xem tr tin cho ni dung m h yu cu. Ch rng, DRM cng c th c s dng cho ni dung min ph, bo v ni dung trnh vic sao chp v bn li khng c xc thc.
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Hnh 3.5 M hnh khi h thng DRM n gin Ngi xem c xc thc cn c cung cp cc key m kho ni dung. DRM lm cc chnh sch v quyn user c hiu lc thng qua vic kim sot truy cp cc key ny. Mt chc nng khc ca h thng DRM l cung cp d liu s dng cho vic to ho n khch hng. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, d liu ho n t h thng DRM cn c nhp vo h thng to ho n ca nh cung cp dch v IPTV, phc v cho vic to ho n hng thng cho mi thu bao.
3.8 Qun l cht lng dch v QoS

Cht lng dch v QoS l mt iu khon thng c s dng din gii ton b cc thng s thch hp ca mng cho tng thu bao ring bit. Mt s nhn t c th nh hng ti cht lng QoS ca mng bao gm tr, jitter, bng thng, t l mt gi v kh dng ca mng. Trong mi trng IPTV, cc nhn t QoS quyt nh cht lng lung ni dung c phn phi cho thu bao. V th cc nh qun l mng IPTV cn c nhng phng thc kim sot cc nhn t trn. Trong phn ny s tm hiu v tnh kh dng ca mng, sau l cc lp ca dch v m thc cht l a ra cc dng d liu khc nhau ca cc cp QoS. V cui cng l mt s mc thng c trong cc cam kt cp dch v SLA cho cc dch v mng. 3.8.1 kh dng ca mng kh dng ca mng l mt n v o phn thi gian mng sn sng c s dng bi khch hng. Mt mng c gi l khng kh dng khi n khng th s dng cho cc lu lng khch hng, do mng mt cc kt ni hon ton hoc t l li cao qu mc. Cc kt ni mng mt hon ton xut hin khi cc kt ni khng c kh nng hot ng, l khi cp quang b t hoc mt ngun ti mt thit b no . Mt t l li cao qu mc thng c nh ngha l t l li 103 , ngha l c mt bit li trong 1000 bit c pht i, n cng c th dn n mt li trong mi gi. Trong thc t, kh dng ca mng c o bng t l phn trm ca tng s thi gian mng sn sng c s dng trn tng s thi gian o c. V d, mt nh cung cp cam kt t l kh dng ca mng l 99,99%, hay thi gian dch v khng kh dng l 52 pht trong mt nm. Tuy nhin, xt cho cng khong thi gian mng khng
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kh dng c th khng c tnh, v thc cht thi gian khng vi phm cam kt cp dch v SLA. 3.8.2 Phn lp dch v Phn lp dch v c s dng a ra cc dng d liu ca cc lp cp dch v khc nhau truy cp ti nguyn mng. Cc nh qun tr mng IPTV c th n nh cc lp dch v khc nhau vo cc loi ng dng khc nhau, ty thuc vo cp thc thi cn thit. V d, cc bn tin cn iu khin hoc bo dng mng c cp QoS rt cao, bi v nu cc gi tin ny b kha, ton b mng c th khng n nh hoc thc thi li. Tng t, cc gi d liu cha email c th c n nh l lp dch v thp, do tr trong truyn dn ny thng thng nh hng ti gi tr ca cc bn tin email. gia hai cp QoS trn l cc lp dch v s dng cho cc ng dng thi gian thc, v d nh truy vn c s d liu, cc cuc gi VoIP, lung video v audio. Nh chng ta bit, trong mi trng IPTV s c th t cc lung video phn phi cho thu bao, v d liu video cn ti ch mt cch mt m, lin tip. Trn mng truyn dn c nhiu loi lu lng, do t c mc ch trn mt phng thc c s dng l n nh phn lp dch v cho lu lng video. Khi , n ra lnh cho router hoc thit b mng khc a ra quyn u tin cho cc gi tin ny. Trn hnh 3.6 trnh by ba hng i quyn u tin khc nhau; chng ta s gi ba quyn u tin ln lt l cao, trung bnh v thp. Cc hng i ny hot ng nh sau: cc gi tin mi i vo pha sau ca hng i v i cho n khi chng tin ln pha u ca hng i trc khi c pht i. Trong trng hp ny, tt c hng i ang ua tranh, nhng ch c mt u ra n, v th cn phi n nh cc quy lut hot ng: 1. Ti mi thi im u ra sn sng c s dng, mt gi tin c chn t mt trong ba hng. Nu khng c gi tin no sn sng trong cc hng th gi tin rng (null) s c gi. 2. Nu mt gi tin sn sng trong hng c quyn u tin cao th n c gi ngay lp tc. 3. Nu khng c gi tin sn sng trong hng c quyn u tin cao v mt gi tin sn sng nm trong mt trong hai hng cn li (khng ng thi trong hai hng) th gi tin s c gi. 4. Nu khng c gi tin no sn sng trong hng c quyn u tin v cc gi tin sn sng u nm trong c hai hng cn li, th cc gi tin s c gi theo t l 3 gi tin hng c quyn u tin trung bnh ti 1 gi trong hng c quyn u tin thp. Qua v d ny chng ta c th thy ti sao mng c th khng gi lung video ln hoc cc gi tin s dng hng c quyn u tin cao v n s rt kh cho cc gi tin khc mun i qua. Vic gi video vi quyn u tin thp cng khng thch hp v s c cc gi tin s c hin th trong khi cc gi khc ang c x l. Quyn u tin trung bnh c th l la chn cho video, v hu ht lu lng nonvideo c to quyn u tin thp. Cc gi tin c quyn u tin thp c th tr hon, c gi bi cc router khc nhau, trong trng hp xu nht khi mng b nghn cp cao nht, b xa do khng dc phn phi. Vic cc gi tin b xa cng c th xut hin nu router s dng loi b ngu nhin gi cc hng khi b trn.
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Hnh 3.6 V d s dng ba hng i c quyn u tin Phn lp dch v c th l cc cng c mnh m bo lu lng video truyn qua mng mt cch mt m. Tuy nhin, chng khng gii quyt c mi chuyn, t khi c dch v video quyn u tin cao c th thc hin trn cc d liu khc do chng s dng gii hn cho cc mng ring. Xem xt tnh th kh x nu vic phn lp dch v c trin khai cho mi ngi trn mng Internet cng cng. Ci g s ngn chn mi ngi n nh lung d liu ring ca h c quyn u tin cao nht? Vi vic thn trng trong vic s dng cc chnh sch hp l, phn lp dch v c th gip m bo vic thoi mi cho ngi s dng video trn cc mng ring. 3.8.3 Cc cam kt cp dch v Cc cam kt cp dch v SLA (Service-Level Agreement) l hp ng gia nh cung cp dch v v khch hng v cc chi tit cht lng dch v c cung cp. SLA c th bao gm cc c tnh v chc nng ca mt s loi dch v t thoi cho ti VoD. SLA c n gin ho bng mt bng k khai cc cam kt, bng k khai ny ghi r gi tr chi tit cc dch v vin thng phi a ra. Cc dch v trong bng k khai phi c a ra cho tt c khch hng. Bng k khai i khi cn bao gm cc cp dch v m nh cung cp a ra. Mt s nh ngha trong bng k khai SLA nh sau: kh dng (%): t l thi gian dch v sn sng s dng, t l ny trong SLA thng l 99% hoc ln hn. T l phn phi gi (%): t l gi c phn phi ti ch trn tng s gi gi i. Ch , t l ny c th c o trung bnh hng thng v da trn d liu mu, khng da trn tng s gi c gi i. Trong SLA t l ny l 99% hoc ln hn. T l mt gi (%): ngc li vi t l phn phi gi, y l s gi b mt trn tng s gi gi i. Trong SLA t l ny l 1% hoc thp hn. tr mng (ms): y l ch s tng s thi gian trung bnh cc gi d liu b gi khi truyn qua mng. Ch , ch s ny c th ch tnh gia cc im mng bn trong mng ca nh cung cp; v n c th khng bao gm thi gian cn thit d liu i vo hoc ri khi mng. V cng cn ch rng, php o ny c th da trn cc d liu mu v tnh trung bnh hng tun hoc hng thng. tr jitter (ms): y l ch s khng c kh nng xut hin trong hu ht cc SLA. y l tham s ch thc s quan trng cho cc ng dng to lung video v VoIP.
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Thi gian p ng dch v (gi): y l tng s thi gian ln nht t khi s c mng c thng bo cho ti khi nh cung cp sn sng bt u sa cha s c. Thi gian ny c th thay i ph thuc vo thi im trong ngy v c th bao gm thi gian truyn dn t pha nh cung cp ti v tr ca khch hng.
i vi cc dch v video, cc t l mt gi l ch yu. Khi t l mt gi khong 1%, video tr nn rt kh phn phi mt cch mt m. tr mng cng c th cn c xem xt, nhng n thng xut hin trong video tng tc. tr jitter s nh hng ti tt c video v s c kim sot mt cch cht ch.
TM TT
Khch hng mong ch v yu cu cht lng dch v phi tt t nh cung cp IPTV. y l thch thc i vi cc nh khai thc mng IPTV v th h s dng mt s cc tin trnh qun l mng qun l cc thnh phn phc tp trn h thng IPTV end-to-end. Tm tt mt s chc nng chnh c yu cu qun l h tng mng IPTV end-to-end nh sau: H thng qun l mng IPTV NMS: hot ng ca mng IPTV end-to-end thng c qun l bi NMS. NMS cho php nh qun l mng IPTV gim st qu trnh thc thi ca cc b phn h tng mng v nhn dng mt s s c c th nh hng ti vic phn phi cc dch v IPTV ti ngi s dng. Qun l cc ci t: vic cung cp cho nhng thu bao mi v cung cp li cc dch v l mt trong nhng cng vic hng ngy ca nh qun l mng IPTV. Ngoi cng vic vi cc thu bao mi, cc nh cung cp IPTV cng phi yu cu cc th tc v cc tin trnh gii quyt cc s c v cc kt cui ca dch v. Gim st v kim tra mng: vic gim st mng cho php cc nh qun l IPTV nhn dng v x l cc s c trc khi n gy ra li trn mng. Mt cng vic kim tra v h thng o c thng c cc nh cung cp dch v s dng kim tra sc khe ca h tng mng. Qun l d phng: qun l cc h thng backup v cc thnh phn d phng l mt phn hot mng phn phi cc dch v IPTV ti user. Vic gn cc a ch IP l mt phn trong vic trin khai v chy h tng mng IPTV. Tt c cc thit b c kt ni vi h tng mng yu cu mt a ch IP truy cp cc dch v IPTV. DHCP server thng cung cp cc a ch ny. X l cc s c IPTV: mc d vic ci t phn cng v phn mm cho cc thnh phn mng c thc hin theo ng thit k, nhng cc s c vn xut hin. Mt phn trch nhim ca nhn vin k thut l x l cc s c khi n xy ra. Qun l quyn ni dung s DRM: cc nh sn xut ni dung khi cung cp cp ni dung cho cc nh khai thc mng IPTV, h yu cu bn quyn ni dung khng b xm phm. V th cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV s trin khai h thng qun l quyn ni dung s DRM. Qun l cc yu cu QoS IPTV: do hu ht cc dch v IPTV trong thc t hot ng trn mng bng rng IP ring nn n c kh nng thc hin y cc chnh sch QoS khi phn phi ni dung video ti thu bao tr tin. Vic
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thc hin y cc chnh sch QoS c bn ngha l lu lng IPTV c quyn u tin cao hn cc lu lng trn nn IP khc. c mt h thng IPTV hot ng tt th vn qun l phi c t ln hng u. Vic qun l bao gm rt nhiu cng vic phc tp, cc hot ng qun l trn ch l cc cng vic c bn trong h thng qun l mng IPTV m thi.
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Chng IV:Tm hiu thit b phn cng & chng trnh phn mm trong mng IPTV
CHNG IV TM HIU THIT B PHN CNG V CHNG TRNH PHN MM TRONG MNG IPTV
Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu gii php trin khai mng IPTV, cc gii php ny c pht trin bi cc cng ty khc nhau. Do , v s cu trc, thit b phn cng v chng trnh phn mm c trin khai s c s khc nhau. Tuy nhin, cng vi mt mc ch l phn phi lung ni dung ti thu bao mt cch an ton v c cht lng cao, cc thit b phn cng v chng trnh phn mm tuy c khc nhau nhng chng s thc hin cng mt nhim v ging nhau trn mng IPTV. IPTV l mt dch v mi, do s c mt s phn cng v phn mm mi trn h thng. Thnh phn mi c trng ca h thng IPTV l trung tm d liu Headend. Trong phn ny s ch yu tm hiu cc thit b trong trung tm d liu headend v cc phn mm chuyn dng. Ngoi ra phc v cho vic tip nhn d liu t Headend, mng gia nh s c trang b thm mt thit b mi l b gii m IP-STB. Bn cnh , phn ny cng tm hiu mt s chng trnh Media Player c s dng m ni dung trn my tnh c nhn.
4.1 Thit b phn cng trung tm Headend

Thnh phn trung tm h tng IPTV l Headend, Headend bao gm mt s thnh phn nhn ni dung, chuyn i v phn phi li ni dung ti thu bao. Headend c th c trin khai bng cch s dng mt headend trung tm v cc Headend khu vc, phng thc ny s lm cho cng vic phn phi ni dung broadcast d dng hn, cc Headend khu vc gn thu bao hn v lm gim cc nguy c tim n. Headend hot ng nh im tp trung ca h tng. N nhn tt c cc yu cu t thu bao v cung cp ni dung ti cc STB ph hp. Thm na, tt c cc ng dng lin kt cng vic c s dng cung cp, lp ha n v qun tr khch hng u c gi hoc lin kt ti Headend. Headend nhn cc d liu lin tip trong cc nh dng v phng tin khc nhau, bao gm trc tip t studio ni b, ni dung t bn cung cp th ba, cc truyn dn pht li, ni dung t v tinh v thng tin video ni b. Do c cc ngun khc nhau, mt s ni dung l tn hiu tng t nn khng th truyn ti mng IP. Sau ni dung c m ha v ng gi c th truyn trn mng da trn giao thc TCP/IP. Cc thnh phn thm vo cn c ng dng DRM v cc h thng qun l ni dung. Tt c thng tin lin lc vi thu bao u c sp xp bi Middleware server nhn cc yu cu t cc STB khc nhau. Hnh 4.1 trnh by cc thnh phn dch v ca h thng IPTV. 4.1.1 Thit b tip nhn d liu u vo Ni dung c tip nhn ti Headend ca nh cung cp dch v bao gm: ni dung thu t v tinh, ni dung mt ph, ni dung c m ha trc v ni dung thu t h thng v tuyn ni b. thu c cc dng ni dung trn, Headend cn c cc thit b chuyn dng cho tng loi.
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Chng IV: Tm hiu thit b phn cng & chng trnh phn mm trong mng IPTV
Ni dung t v tinh: Ni dung c tip nhn bng cc thit b thu v tinh c gi chung l b gii m u thu tch hp IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder). Ni dung c pht broadcast bi cc v tinh dch v c nh vi cng sut tng i thp v yu cu ngten v tinh ln cho vic tip nhn. Headend nhn cc tn hiu v tuyn v s dng IRD iu chnh v khuch i tn hiu. Mt khi tn hiu c khuch i, IRD c th tin ln gii m tn hiu. IRD c th nhn c tn hiu tng t v tn hiu s. Cc tn hiu tng t s c gi ti b m ha video MPEG, v tn hiu s c th c gi ti b chuyn i m kt hp vi thng tin qung co ni b. Ni dung mt ph: Ni dung ny l cc ni dung mt ph pay-per-view trong cc nh dng tng t v cn c m ha bi b m ha MPEG trc khi c gi ti b ng gi IP. Ni dung c m ha trc: y l ni dung c m ha trong cc loi m c th chp nhn, c h tr bi cc b STB v cc phn mm client. Ni dung ny c th c gi trc tip ti b ng gi IP. Ni dung thu t h thng v tuyn ni b: y l ni dung c pht broadcast bi cc trm ni b v gi ti cc b thu PAL/NTSC trc khi n c th c s dng. Tt c ni dung s c x l tun t bi cc thit b: b m ha video MPEG, b ng gi IP v b chuyn i m video.
Hnh 4.1 Cu trc trung tm Headend IPTV

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4.1.2 B m ha video MPEG B m ha video MPEG (hay getway tip nhn) l nhim v ca h thng ghi nhn, qun l ghi nhn v server nhn/phn phi c s dng nhn d liu v to ni dung c nh dng chnh xc. thu c ni dung ph hp, tn hiu tng t phi i qua cc b m ha video MPEG to ra ni dung trong nh dng s sn sng c sa i v pht broadcast. Tin trnh ny c m bo bi b nn/gii nn, v tin trnh ny l cu ni gia d liu v b iu ch cho truyn dn. Thng tin siu d liu (metadata) s bao gm cc header, d liu mt m v d liu c yu cu khc m bo truyn dn chnh xc. Cc thut ton s dng thc hin vic m ha s quyt nh vic cn bng gia cht lng video, tc d liu cn truyn video, tnh trng mt v li d liu, cc yu cu v bng thng, cc b nh m c s dng v cc c tnh khc na. Cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV quyt nh cc m ph hp nht da trn hon cnh, bng thng sn sng s dng v cc c im phn cng ca b STB c trin khai. Mt s m chun c cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV s dng nh sau: MPEG-2: m ny cng c ITU a ra vi tn l H.262. MPEG-2 c s dng cho pht broadcast video s, cc h thng phn phi cp v m ha DVD (Digital Video Disc). MPEG-4: c bit ti vi tn l H.264. MPEG-4 thch hp vi cc tin b trong k thut nn so vi cc m c trc y.
u ra ca b m ha video MPEG l video s sn sng ng gi IP, mt m hoc lu tr. 4.1.3 B ng gi IP Chc nng ca b ng gi IP l nhn cc lung video c m ha v chun b truyn broadcast trn mng IP. N cho php lung IP m ha c ng thnh cc gi IP c th vn chuyn qua mng. Mt s chun h tr truyn dn video, v d nh giao thc truyn dn thi gian thc RTP. RTP c to ra h tr cc truyn dn ng dng thi gian thc nh audio v video. N khng m bo cht lng ca dch v hoc vic phn chia ti nguyn mng, nhng n bao gm mt s chc nng nh nh li thi gian, pht hin s mt mt, bo an v nhn dng ni dung. B ng gi IP nhn lu lng t ba ngun chnh: ni dung c m ha trc c gi trc tip, ni dung c m ha t cc b m ha video MPEG v t u ra b truyn i m video. u ra b ng gi IP gi ti video streaming server. Cc gi c th truyn broadcast hoc gi ti DRM v c s d liu ni dung. Trong mt s trng hp, ni dung ti b ng gi IP c m ha bi DRM, v mt s gii php c th lu tr ca b ng gi IP trong kho lu tr video. 4.1.4 B chuyn i m video B chuyn i m video nhn d liu t my thu v tinh v d liu ni b c gn vo cc server. Chc nng chnh ca b chuyn m video l lm phin dch gia cc loi m khc nhau. Server ny c th chuyn i cc dng ni dung t mt s m c xc nh trc v cho ni dung u ra l MPEG-2, MPEG-4 hoc mt m ring do cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV la chn. Tin trnh chuyn i m s nhn cc
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lung ni dung c m ha v chuyn chng thnh mt lung m khc vi tc bit thp hn hoc loi nh dng m cht lng khng gim nhiu. Vi b chuyn i m ny, cc lung khc nhau t v tinh hoc thng tin qung co ni b c th c gi ti b ng gi IP di dng cc lung m ha theo cc chun c u tin hn. Mt s gii thut c s dng khi phc li ni dung gc, g b mt s d liu m khng tn qu nhiu nng lc x l trong tin trnh v to ra mt lung ni dung c cht lng vi mt chun m ha khc. 4.1.5 Server qun l ni dung Server qun l ni dung s iu khin lung thng tin t b ng gi IP v video streaming server, vic lu tr tt c video thch hp vo kho video hoc gi d liu ti h thng DRM. Cc yu cu t Middleware server c th c phc v bi server qun l ni dung. y s l d liu yu cu hoc ch dn phc v gim bt khi i qua video streaming server. 4.1.6 Kho video Kho video c s dng lu tr ni dung chun b cho cc ng dng truyn broadcast. Kho lu tr bao gm mt th vin video v th vin a phng tin trn cc server, m bo truy cp nhanh chng v tin cy ni dung c yu cu. Kho video l thnh phn lu tr tt c ti sn s thuc quyn s hu ca nh khai thc IPTV. Hu ht ti sn s s c lu tr ti y, v nhng ngi xm nhp s c gng truy cp server ny n cp ni dung. Ni dung thng c lu tr m khng c mt m c s d liu hay bo v DRM. Mt s gii php DRM s h tr vic mt m ni dung trong khi c lu tr, v sau cc key c th c phn phi ti thu bao. C cc phin bn khc ca DRM s khng h tr ty chn ny, v ni dung s c mt m trc khi pht broadcast. 4.1.7 Video streaming server Video streaming server lm theo cc lnh t Middleware server v VoD server, v n cng nhn thng tin t DRM v server qun l ni dung vi cc m l MPEG-2, MPEG-4 hoc cc m tng t c nh cung cp dch v IPTV la chn. Video streaming server cung cp cc ni dung c m ha v c phn phi ti b STB thng qua giao thc TCP/IP. Cc thnh phn ny h tr TCP v UDP, v to lung multicast ph thuc vo dng ng dng v gii php c trin khai bi nh cung cp dch v IPTV. Cc server khc nhau s c kh nng to lung ring bit. Ph thuc vo nng lc x l, mt s server c th iu khin vi ngn thu bao ti cng mt thi im. 4.1.8 Middleware server Middleware server l mt trc ca h thng IPTV. Tt c cc b STB u lin lc vi Middleware server yu cu ni dung ring bit. Vic lin lc thng s dng giao thc HTTP. Mt chng trnh trnh duyt bn trong STB s lin lc vi Middleware server, download hng dn chng trnh EPG v gi cc yu cu ti Middleware server. Middleware server s ra lnh cho streaming server gi ni dung ti ch. Cc thu bao c th lin lc thng qua STB v yu cu ni dung t Middleware
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client. Mt khi Middleware server ra lnh cho VoD server cung cp ni dung cho cc thu bao ring l, th sau STB v VoD server cng c th lin lc vi nhau. IPTV middleware hot ng nh mt cu ni gia mt s h thng v cc ng dng. Chnh xc hn, n tng tc vi DSLAM, cc server ni dung, cc b STB, VoD server, DRM v cc ng dng kinh doanh gia cc h thng khc. Hnh 4.2 trnh by cu trc middleware v cch thc tng tc ca n vi cc thnh phn li mng IPTV. H thng IPTV Middleware c hai thnh phn chnh l cc chc nng li v mt s chc nng mng da vo h iu hnh chun v cung cp giao din web lin lc vi STB. Cc chc nng li bao gm qun l, iu khin cc giao dch v cc phin ang tn ti, xc thc user v mt s chc nng khc. Cc chc nng li chu trch nhim duy tr EPG v cc chc nng c bn khc, cng nh sp xp cc hot ng vi h thng bn ngoi, v d nh qun l ni dung, DRM, VoD v cc ng dng kinh doanh.
Server ni dung VoD & Streaming
DSLAM
STB
DRM
Business
IPTV middleware
Cc chc nng li
Cc chc nng mng
Hnh 4.2 Cu trc h thng middleware IPTV Mt s h thng bn ngoi tng tc vi h thng Middleware nh sau: DSLAM: mt s DSLAM cho php middleware server chia s d liu xc thc vi n, lm thun tin cho tin trnh xc thc truy cp ca thu bao mi ti cc VLAN ni dung cng nh trao i thng tin v v tr vt l ca b STB c thu bao s dng. Middleware cung cp cho b STB thng tin v cc VLAN ang tn ti, STB cn phi gia nhp vo danh sch truy cp ni dung. Server ni dung: Middleware server s nhn thng tin t server ni dung i vi cc ni dung sn sng c s dng v s s dng thng tin ny chun b EPG.
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STB : C mt s cp tng tc khc nhau gia Middleware server v cc b STB. STB c cu hnh kim tra VLAN ti mi thi im n khi ng h iu hnh ca n. VLAN ny s cung cp cc yu cu nng cp cho h iu hnh. Mt khi Middleware server c kim tra xong, STB c th c ch dn download cc nng cp c yu cu. Hu ht cc b STB s s dng trnh duyt web download EPG v thng tin c s t Middleware server. Cc key DRM v d liu quan trng khc c th c cung cp trc tip bi Middleware server, hoc STB c th c hng dn ti ng dng DRM thu c key. VoD v streaming: Middleware s nhn cc yu cu t STB trn cc mc EPG bao gm ni dung VoD v pay-per-view. y s l mt tng tc gia Middleware v VoD khi ng streaming ni dung unicast ti thu bao. Qun l DRM: ng dng Middleware s ly li cc key v cc giy php s c s dng bi STB, trong mt s trng hp STB s tm n d liu yu cu d liu trc tip t DRM server. Cc ng dng kinh doanh: middleware server s tng tc vi cc ng dng kinh doanh user c xc thc v c hiu lc, cc chc nng lp ha n v thanh ton, v thng tin ti khon c yu cu bi thu bao.
4.2 Thit b mng gia nh

4.2.1 Mng gia nh Mng gia nh bao gm mt thit b u cui mng, v c bn l im truy cp t mng. Thit b u cui s c kt ni ti modem, modem s chuyn i thng tin thnh cc dng IP, v trong mt s trng hp mt b splitter s c s dng cung cp cc dch v thoi nu mng in thoi cng cng c s dng. Mt gateway s c s dng tch cc dch v IP (d liu, video, thoi), v cc gateway ny thng c firewall, dch v DHCP v cc dch v mng khc c yu cu ci thin dch v. Khch hng yu cu mt b gii m STB trong hu ht cc trng hp, v n s c cung cp bi nh cung cp dch v. Trong mt s trng hp, my tnh c nhn s c s dng kt ni trc tip ti mng m khng cn STB. Ngoi ra cn c cc thit b khc nh kt cui thoi cho c mng PSTN v VoIP, cc router truy cp khng dy. Mng gia nh nm ngoi phm vi cc c ch bo an c thit lp bi nh cung cp dch v IPTV.Nhng s c mt s thit b ng gia DSLAM v Tivi, n chu trch nhim mang lu lng an ton ti STB v gi lin lc vi nh cung cp dch v IPTV m bo c cu hnh trnh cc truy cp khng c xc thc. 4.2.2 B gii m IP-STB B gii m STB da trn IP c s dng kt ni IPTV Headend vi Tivi. Chc nng chnh ca thit b ny l gii thch v bin dch cc yu cu t thu bao v gi cc bn tin (da trn IP) ti Headend, yu cu ni dung hoc dch v c bit. STB s nhn ni dung c m ha v s phi gii mt m v gii m chng hin th trn mn hnh Tivi.
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Trn hnh 4.3 trnh by cu trc thng thng ca IP-STB, n bao gm cc thnh phn c tham kho trn cc STB tin tin hin nay. Mt s m hnh thay th c th c tm thy vi cc chc nng c bn tng t. Cc pht trin mi ca cng ngh s em li cc thnh phn r rng hn bn trong cc b STB. Cc thnh phn trn STB bao gm: CPU: IP-STB c cc chipset vi nng lc x l v b nh b gii hn nu so snh vi cc chun PC. Cc nh sn xut la chn cc CPU c s cung cp nng lc x l tt cc chc nng c bn v thi gian p ng hp l.
IM
Email
Web Browser
Middleware client
Video Capture
Decode
Tuner/ Video Capture
Operating System & Device driver
Real time OS
CAS/DRM Support
DRM Driver
MPEG 2 & 4 Driver
Core System Harware & CPU
Thit b ngoi vi
TCP/IP & Connectivity
Hnh 4.3 Cu trc IP-STB Core System: phn cng li bao gm cc thnh phn in t khc nhau h tr hot ng ca IP-STB, thng tin trao i gia cc thnh phn, b nh v hu ht cc tnh nng quan trng ca chip chuyn dng c dng lu tr cc key DRM c yu cu truy cp v cho vic xc thc. Vi cc chip chuyn dng c s dng lu cc key, ri ro ca vic truy cp khng c xc thc gim xung. Cc thit b ngoi vi: c mt s thit b ngoi vi kt ni ti STB, bao gm cp mng, u ra video, thnh phn pht tia hng ngoi iu khin t xa, USB v cc cng ngh lu tr.
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DRM v CAS: STB yu cu thnh phn chuyn dng giao tip vi cc chc nng lin kt DRM. N cn thit cho vic yu cu v nng cp cc key DRM, gii mt m ni dung v cung cp ni dung c m ha ti cc thnh phn khc. Ngoi ra, STB cn xc thc li bn thn n vi h thng truy cp c iu kin CAS c th truy cp ni dung. Nh cung cp dch v IPTV phi m bo cc ng dng DRM v CAS thch hp c ti vo STB. Yu cu c bit ny lm n rt kh cho mt th trng m cc dch v IPTV. N khng chc chn rng thu bao c th ti cc switch ca nh cung cp dch v IPTV m khng cn thay i b STB. Ngoi ra, n khng chc chn b tp hp ni dung c th hot ng trong th trng m ni dung t nhiu nh sn xut hoc cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV, mi nh cung cp c th c h thng DRM khc nhau. Theo thi gian, cc chun s c trin khai m bo vic tng thch gia cc h thng DRM v CAS. Trong lc , thu bao ch c lin kt ti nh cung cp dch v IPTV m h ng k s dng. Driver cho MPEG-2 & MPEG-4: STB cn mt s driver cho chun MPEG2, MPEG-4 v mt s m khc gii m lung ni dung ti c th hin th trn mn hnh Tivi. Nhn chung, cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV phi m bo cc m thch hp c ti vo STB. Cc m c s dng trn Headend s c ti vo STB. Operating System & driver: Cc h iu hnh nh c s dng cho cc b STB. Mt s h iu hnh c bn quyn v ngun m c s dng cho chc nng ny. Mt trong nhng im tin tin ca cc h iu hnh ny l tnh mm do, chng h tr tm duyt v email, h tr ni mng v bo tin ngay lp tc. L mt chun h iu hnh, c ri ro v virus tc ng ti hot ng ca STB. N l vn quan trng i vi bn copy ch (master) h iu hnh c cu hnh chnh xc, n cn c sa cha trc khi pht hnh STB. Ngoi ra, tt c cc port khng cn thit phi c kha. Middleware client: mt client c bit lin lc vi Middleware server. Client ny c th s dng trnh duyt web thay i thng tin vi Middleware server cng nh download hng dn chng trnh EPG hin th cho thu bao. Middleware client c th bao gm cc chc nng DRM trong mt s trng hp. Video Capture - Decode: chc nng ny s nhn lung ni dung t chc nng DRM v s gii m d liu MPEG-4 thnh nh dng c th s dng. nh dng ny c th l NTSC/PAL hin th trn mn hnh Tivi. Web Brower: cc Middleware server c khuynh hng hot ng nh l cc web server. Mt s qu trnh thc thi s cung cp tt c cc truy cp s dng SSL (HTTPS, port 443). Web Brower c STB s dng truy cp ni dung v hin th thng tin cho thu bao.
Hnh 4.4 miu t tin trnh IP-STB, tin trnh c bt u vi cc yu cu IP v thu nhn ni dung, cc chc nng web brower, tng tc Middleware v gii mt m ni dung. Tip theo l gii m ha lung ni dung v m ha NTSC/PAL hoc chun thch hp v cui cng cp ni dung hin th trn mn hnh Tivi.
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4.3 Cc chng trnh phn mm

Phn mm thc thi mt s chc nng bn trong mng IPTV. Nh trong mt chic my tnh c nhn, h thng IPTV n gin s khng thc hin chc nng nu khng c phn mm. Trong phn ny, s tm hiu mt s chc nng phn mm thng c trong cc h thng IPTV. 4.3.1 Hng dn chng trnh EPG Hng dn chng trnh in t EPG (Electronic Program Guide) l chng trnh hin th trn mn hnh thng bo cho ngi xem ni dung sn c trn cc knh. N c th bao gm c cc knh broadcast truyn ti tt c ngi xem cng mt lc v ni dung VoD cho ngi xem ring bit. Thng tin hng dn chng trnh c th c cung cp bi nh cung cp mng IPTV hoc nh trong hu ht cc trng hp, n c a ra bi nh cung cp bn ngoi.
Hnh 4.4 Tin trnh x l ca IP-STB C hai dng EPG c s dng ch yu. u tin l hng dn chng trnh c hin th theo danh sch, ni dung trn mi knh sn sng c hin th trong s knh theo th t chuyn ng trn mn hnh Tivi. Cch sp xp ny khng yu cu tng tc t ngi xem v c th gy kh chu cho ngi xem. Dng th hai ca EPG c gi l hng dn chng trnh tng tc. Trong cch sp xp ny cc knh v cc la chn ni dung c hin th trn mn hnh Tivi. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp ny, ngi xem c kh nng thao tc danh sch cc knh bng iu khin t xa. Ngi xem c th iu khin xem cc knh khc nhau, v h cng c th xem cc chng trnh s pht trong thi gian ti. Cc nh khai thc h thng c hai la chn iu khin cc chc nng EPG: S dng cc b STB thng minh. Trong trng hp ny, d liu cho hng dn tng tc c pht broadcast ti tt c cc STB theo nh k. Mi STB chu trch nhim lu tr thng tin mi nht v to cc hin th. Cng vic ny
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hon thnh s cho php p ng nhanh chng cc lnh ca ngi xem v loi b c gnh nng ln thit b trung tm khi phi x l tt c cc lnh t rt nhiu ngi xem. Trong cc trng hp khc, vic x l hng dn chng trnh tng tc c tp trung ti tng i khu vc. Trong cu trc ny, STB ch gi cc lnh ca ngi xem (upstream) v nhn thng tin hin th mi (downstream). H thng ny c ci tin lm gim s lng cng vic phi x l ti STB, nhng bt li l s lng lin lc gia STB v tng i khu vc nhiu hn. 4.3.2 H thng truy cp c iu kin H thng truy cp c iu kin CAS (Conditional Access System) gim st cc user c th xem ni dung chng trnh. V d, ch nhng ngi ng k thu bao knh phim truyn th mi c php truy cp ni dung ca knh ny. N c th lin h vi qu trnh thc thi trong h thng IPTV, do h thng cn m bo cc lung ni dung khng bao gi c phn phi cho nhng user khng c xc thc. Ngc li vi cc phng php yu cu trong h thng truyn hnh v tinh v truyn hnh cp. , tt c mi ngi xem u c th nhn tt c cc knh. Trong cc h thng ny, ni dung phi c i tn, mt m hoc cc cch khc nhng ngi khng c xc thc khng th xem c ni dung. 4.3.3 H thng VoD H thng VoD cung cp cho ngi xem ni dung c th c xem theo cch ca h. N bao gm cc file ni dung c lu tr trn server v c hin th ra di s iu khin ca user. Phn mm cho h thng VoD cn thc thi mt s chc nng v mt s lin kt vi cc module phn mm khc. Cc nhan sn sng s dng cn c ln danh sch v din gii theo cch ca EPG. Mt s yu cu mt ph cn c tp hp li. Mt kt ni mng cn c thit lp gia VoD server v b gii m STB ca ngi xem phn phi ni dung. Cc key thch hp cho vic gii m mi ni dung c mt m cn c gi ti STB thng qua h thng DRM. Cc lnh ca ngi xem (pause, forward, rewind) t h thng Middleware cn c khi phc li v c x l nhanh chng iu khin cch thc ni dung c hin th. Tt c cn din ra nhanh hi p cc tng tc ca user. 4.3.4 H thng qun l quyn truy cp ni dung s H thng qun l quyn truy cp ni dung s DRM c thit k bo v bn quyn ca nh sn xut ni dung. N thng bao gm mt s dng mt m khng th xem ni dung nu khng c key thch hp. Key thng l mt s dng gi tr s gim st hot ng ca thit b gii mt m. Ngoi ra, h thng DRM cn cn m bo vic phn phi cc key thch hp ti b STB ca ngi xem c xc thc. Vi cc key ny, STB c th gii mt m ni dung v hin th n mt cch chnh xc. Vic phn phi key cn c m bo ngn nga cc user khng c xc thc.
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4.3.5 H thng qun l thu bao v lp ha n Thu nhp ca mt nh cung cp IPTV ph thuc vo nng lc, h thng chc nng qun l thu bao v vic tp hp d liu cn thit cho vic chun b cc ha n mt cch chnh xc. Di y l danh sch tm tt cc chc nng thng c yu cu: Lin kt thit b: thu bao ring bit c lin kt vi mt b phn phn cng, v d nh STB. chnh xc trong tin trnh l yu t cn thit m bo STB c trin khai chnh xc v mt s nhim v c kt hp vi mt STB thc t c lin kt vi thu bao. Thuc tnh (profile) cc dch v ca thu bao: n ch ra cc dch v m thu bao ra lnh, v d nh cc knh ni dung mt ph. H thng ny cng cn theo di chnh xc khi thu bao gi thm hoc g b cc dch v, v th cc ci t iu khin STB c th c iu chnh cho hp l. Lch s ng k s dng ca thu bao: n ghi chp li cc chi tit c trng ca mt s ln ng k dch v, v d ng k s dng ni dung VoD. Ghi li cuc gi dch v v gi i cc thng tin sa cha: n c tc ng ln ln cc cp phc v thu bao. chnh xc l yu t cn thit, v th thu bao c th ni khi no yu cu nhn vin k thut sa cha ti v khi no dch v ca h c phc hi. N cng c th gip nhn vin k thut hiu cc s c c thng bo bi thu bao v cc bc sn sng nm bt v cch ly li.
H thng qun l thu bao v lp ha n cho cc dng ni dung ring bit yu cu tr tin trc tip cho nh sn xut. N c th tr hng thng trn mt thu bao cho cc knh tr tin hoc cc knh c a ra trn h thng VoD. Cc nh cung cp IPTV khng c cc h thng lp ha n tt c th vi phm hp ng yu cu tr tin cho cc nh sn xut ni dung. 4.4 Cc chng trnh Media Player Mt s cng ty pht trin cc phn mm Media Player xem video v audio trn my tnh c nhn. Tt c cc phn mm Media Player s m ni dung c m ha theo cc chun nh MPEG v MP3, cng vi cc nh dng c bn quyn hoc khng c bn quyn khc. Trong phn ny s tm hiu ba sn phm chnh c pht hnh bi Microsoft, RealNetwork v Apple Computer, v cch thc cc chng trnh ny hot ng. 4.1 Microsoft Microsoft pht trin phn mm Windows Media Player cho php cc file video v audio c m trn cc my tnh c nhn ci h iu hnh Microsoft. Movie Maker l mt tin ch min ph cho php user chp video t cc my quay video v cc thit b khc, v to ra cc on phim c th xem bng phn mm Windows Media Player. Ngoi ra, Microsoft pht trin mt s nh dng file c bit c thit k h tr qu trnh streaming. Mt s nh dng file thng c s dng cho ni dung Windows Media bao gm:
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Windows Advanced Systems Format file (.asf): mt nh dng file c thit k c bit truyn dn v lu tr ni dung cho cc ng dng streaming. Windows Media Audio file (.wma): mt nh dng file cha cc tn hiu audio c m ha s dng h thng nn Windows Media Audio v trong nh dng file ASF. Windows Media Video file (.wmv): mt nh dng file cha cc tn hiu video v audio c m ha s dng h thng nn Windows Media Video v Windows Media Audio v trong nh dng file ASF. Windows Active Stream Redirector file (.asx): y l file kt ni trang web ti mt hoc nhiu chng trnh Windows Media Video hay Windows Media Audio. Siu file (metafile) cha a ch ca mt hoc nhiu clip c t trn server. Dng file ny cng c bit ti l Playlist.
hiu c cch thc lm vic ca metafile (playlist), cch tt nht l hiu ci g to ra media clip chy trn chng trnh tm duyt (browser). u tin, chng trnh tm duyt s hin th trang cha hotlink ti metafile. Khi user click ln hotlink ny, web server phn phi metafile ti chng trnh tm duyt. Chng trnh tm duyt nhn thy metafile ny v xc nh r n cn chy chng trnh Player no (v d nh Windows Media Player) x l metafile. Khi chng trnh tm duyt ti v bt u chy chng trnh Media Player, sau chuyn d liu t metafile sang chng trnh Media Player. Chng trnh Player phn tch d liu metafile xc nh v tr thc t c n nh ca cc file media. Sau chng trnh Player s to mt yu cu ti mi server c ln danh sch trong metafile khi ng cc lung thch hp cho user. Khi cc lung ti, chng trnh Player s gi v chuyn chng thnh cc nh (image) hoc m thanh (sound) c th c hin th cho user. Ngoi cc metafile, chng ta cng cn tm hiu nh dng file ASF. Nh bit, cc file ASF dng truyn dn v lu tr ni dung cho cc ng dng streaming. N c th cha video, audio, text, cc trang web v cc loi d liu khc. Cc nh dng nn khng do Microsoft a ra cng c h tr trong cc file ASF; tuy nhin, d liu ca cc nh dng ny c xem nh trong sch v khng c h tr bi mt s c tnh thun tin. 4.2 RealNetwork RealNetwork a ra mt s sn phm streaming lin kt bao gm: RealPlayer, phin bn phn mm Media Player cho m ha ni dung trong cc nh dng RealAudio v RealVideo. Phin bn th hai c gi l RealOne, cng c tnh hp chng trnh tm duyt media v cung cp cho vic qun l ni dung mt ph. Helix server hnh thnh cc m hnh khc nhau qun l cc chc nng streaming cho server trong phm v hp, cc v tr chuyn dng cung cp mt s lng ln ni dung Internet cng cng. RealProducer v Helix Producer nm gi ni dung video v audio, chuyn i chng thnh cc nh dng RealAudio v RealVideo s dng cho vic lu tr v pht li cho streaming client. Ch , cc nh dng file ny h tr mt m,
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v th cc file c th c bo v khi chng c lu tr v trong lc chng c truyn dn trn mng Internet. RealNetwork l mt trong nhng nh sn xut c ng gp quan trng cho cng ngh SMIL, RTP v RTSP c s dng rng ri. RealNetwork cng h tr cc nh dng file media khc nhau, bao gm mt s dng file video v audio MPEG, l cc file MP3 audio, Windows Media, v cc file video MPEG-4. Mt vi nh dng file v cc m rng thng c s dng cho ni dung RealNetwork nh sau: RealAudio clip (.ra): mt clip cha ni dung audio c m ha s dng nh dng RealAudio. Real Media clip (.rm): mt clip cha ni dung video v audio c m ha s dng b m ha RealVideo. y l dng clip c th cha nhiu lung ni dung, bao gm c video v audio. RealVideo metafile (.ram hoc .rpm): file ny kt ni trang web vi mt hoc nhiu clip RealVideo hoc RealAudio. Metafile cha a ch ca mt hoc nhiu clip c xc nh trn server.
RealOne Player tng tc vi Helix server s dng cng ngh SureStream, n t ng chuyn mch gia cc phin bn lung khc nhau da trn qu trnh thc thi mng. Mc ch l gi lung tc cao nht (vi cht lng cao nht) c th ti user cho mt s qu trnh thc thi. Cc lung ni dung c m ha vi cc phn gii (s pixel), tc khung v cc cp cht lng khc nhau cn bng tc lung vi s lng user thc t. Tc lung ni dung gim th s pixel, tc khung v cht lng hnh nh tt c c th gim cho video i qua mng bng cc kt ni tc chm. 4.3 Apple Computer Apple Computer c rt nhiu hot ng trong vic pht trin mt s chun cng ngh cho streaming media v c cc ng gp quan trng trong quyn s hu tr tu. Mt s sng kin ny tp trung xung quanh QuickTime, l mt tn ca Apple cho h thng chun media streaming ca h. Apple Computer cng cung cp phn mm bin tp phim min ph (iMovie) nh mt thnh phn ca mt s phn mm c pht hnh v bn cng c chuyn nghip ng quan tm cho vic bin tp phim gi l Final Cut Pro. Apple Computer cng ch ng i theo cc chun quc t nh MPEG4. QuickTime phin bn gc c to ra h tr cc video clip c lu tr trn cc CD v c pht li trn my tnh c nhn. N tr thnh mt nh dng c s dng rng ri vi hng trm triu bn copy c download cho c my tnh chy h iu hnh Windows v Macintosh. Mt s lng khng l cc game trn my tnh v nhan multimedia c sn xut s dng cc cng c ca QuickTime. Cng nh cc cng ngh c din gii trong phn trc, mt s phn ca cng ngh c s dng cng vi nhau h tr QuickTime streaming. C cc thnh phn dng chun b ni dung, qun l streaming server, v cc phin bn khc nhau ca phn mm Media Player. Apple Computer a ra gi phn mm chun b ni dung
64
min ph gi l QuickTime cho c my tnh Windows v Macintosh. Mt phin bn c ci tin gi l QuickTime Pro vi mc ph hp l. Vi mt s h thng, ni dung c th c chun b v streaming trn my tnh hoc server ging nhau, du vy vic thc thi h thng cn c theo di cn thn m bo user s c c cc lung ni dung c phn phi mt cch mt m. nh dng file QuickTime l nn mng cho nh dng file MPEG-4. Cc phin bn gn y nht ca QuickTime cng s dng cng ngh nn MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. Apple Computer cung cp cc chng trnh Player lm vic vi cc my tnh Windows v Macintosh, v mt s cng ty sn xut phn mm Player cho cc h iu hnh khc. Mt phin bn c thit k cho mt s cc ci t Linux.
TM TT
Thit b mi trong h thng IPTV bao gm thit b trung tm d liu Headend v trong mng gia nh. Thit b trung tm Headend gm c: cc b tip nhn d liu ni dung, Middleware server, server qun l ni dung, h thng DRMMi thit b chu trch nhim v mt chc nng no , tt c c lin kt vi nhau thng qua cc tin trnh hot ng cung cp dch v. Thit b quan trng trong mng gia nh l b gii m IP-STB, y l cu ni gia Headend v Tivi trong nh khch hng. IP-STB thc hin chc nng gi cc yu cu t thu bao ti trung tm Headend v gii m ni dung c gi ti t Headend hin th ln mn hnh. i km vi cc thit b phn cng l cc chng trnh phn mm, nu khng c cc chng trnh phn mm qun l ny th h thng khng th hot ng c. Mt s phn mm trong trung tm d liu Headend bao gm: hng dn chng trnh EPG, h thng qun l quyn truy cp ni dung s DRM, h thng qun l v lp ha n, Ngoi vic xem ni dung trn Tivi thng qua b STB, thu bao cn c th xem ni dung trn my tnh c nhn. p ng nhu cu th cn phi c cc chng trnh Media Player c ci tng thch vi h iu hnh ca my tnh. Hin nay c ba sn phm Media Player thng dng l: Windows Media Player ca mccs, RealOne ca RealNetwork v QuickTime ca Apple Computer.
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KT LUN
KT LUN
IPTV c cc chuyn gia nhn nhn l mt cng ngh c kh nng mang ti li nhun rt ln cho cc nh cung cp vin thng trong mt tng lai gn. IPTV c th thay i phng thc xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh v l mt cuc cch mng trong vic to ra ni dung. Vi s pht trin ca cng ngh truy cp bng rng v cc thit b sn xut chng trnh truyn hnh, cc chuyn gia tin tng rng IPTV thc s c kh nng cnh tranh vi cc chng trnh truyn hnh v tinh, truyn hnh cp hay cc loi truyn hnh thng thng. Khch hng c li rt ln t cc dch v IPTV, h s thch th vi ni dung chng trnh linh hot do chnh h la chn. Cc ng dng tng tc v theo yu cu khng ch cho php khch hng la chn cc chng trnh gii tr m n cn cung cp cc cng c hc tp. Truyn hnh IP c th c khai thc v s dng di nhiu nh dng khc nhau. IPTV cng c nhn nhn nh l mt phng thc cho cc nh cung cp ni dung m rng th trng. IPTV khng ch n gin l a ra cc chng trnh truyn hnh thng thng bng cc kt ni hay cc thit b khc. Vi chi ph thp trong vic sn xut ni dung cho php cc nh cung cp IPTV a ra rt nhiu chng trnh, t th thao, thi s cho ti cc chng trnh o to trn Tivi, v nhiu chng trnh khc na. trin khai thc cc dch v IPTV cn phi c mt nn tng mng bng rng cht lng v an ton. Bn cnh , vic qun l mng IPTV khi i vo hot ng cng l vn cn phi c bit ch, v hiu qu ca mng cao hay thp ph thuc vo yu t ny. Mc d IPTV vn trong giai on bt u, nhng c s pht trin ca mt s nh cung cp cng nh s lng thu bao. Hin ti IPTV l mt nhn t quan trng trong th trng truyn hnh thu ph, v trong tng lai cc nh cung cp IPTV s cho ra cc dch v mi v s thu ht c rt nhiu khch hng. Vi ni dung c trnh by trn, lun vn a ra c ci nhn tng qut v cng ngh IPTV, cc phng thc phn phi mng IPTV v vn qun l mng IPTV. Ngoi ra, lun vn cng gii thiu mt s thit b phn cng v chng trnh c s dng trn mng phn phi IPTV. V IPTV l cng ngh mi, do ni dung ca lun vn cha trnh by c c th v i ht c cc phn cn khc mc. Cc vn cn tm hiu thm l cc k thut nn d liu, cc giao thc s dng phn phi mng IPTV v mt s thit b chuyn dng khc. Do thi gian v lng kin thc ca bn thn cn hn ch, nn ni dung ca lun vn cha c y v chnh xc. Vi mong mun nm chc cc kin thc v cng ngh IPTV m ra mt c hi v ngh nghip. Hng pht trin tip theo ca lun n l hon thin cc vn cn thiu xt v p dng l thuyt vo thc t pht trin mng dch v IPTV. V th rt mong s quan tm v ng gp kin ca thy v cc bn ni dung lun vn hon thin hn.
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THUT NG VIT TT
THUT NG VIT TT A
ADSL AON ATM Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Active Optical Network Asynchronnuos Transfer Mode ng dy thu bao s bt i xng Mng quang tch cc Mode truyn dn bt ng b
B
BPON Broadband Passive Optical Network Mng quang th ng bng rng
C
CAS CMTS CPU Conditional Access System Cable Modem Termination System Central Processing Unit H thng truy cp c iu kin H thng kt cui modem cp n v x l trung tm
D
DHCP DRM DSL DSLAM DVB DVD DWDM Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Digital Rights Management Digital Subscriber Line Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer Digital Video Broadcasting Digital Video Disc Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Giao thc cu hnh Host ng Qun l quyn ni dung s ng dy thu bao s B ghp knh truy cp ng dy thu bao s Qung b video s a video k thut s Ghp knh phn chia theo mt bc sng
E
EPG EPON ETSI EVC Electronic Program Guide Ethernet PON European Telecommunications Standard Institute Ethernet Virtual Connection Ch dn chng trnh in t Mng quang th ng Ethernet Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u Kt ni o Ethernet
F
FTP FTTC FTTH FTTN FTTRO File Transfer Protocol Fiber To The Curd Fiber To The Home Fiber To The Neighbourhood Fiber To The Regional Office Giao thc vn chuyn file Cp quang ti l ng Cp quang ti h gia nh Cp quang ti vng ln cn Cp quang ti tng i khu vc
G
GiE GPON Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit PON Giao thc Gigabit Ethernet Mng quang th ng Gigabit
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THUT NG VIT TT
H
HD HDTV HFC HTTP HTTPS High Definition High Definition Television Hybrid Fiber Coaxial Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure nh dng cht lng cao Truyn hnh cht lng cao Hn hp cp quang/ng trc Giao thc vn chuyn siu vn bn Giao thc HTTP bo m
I
IP IPTV IPTVCD IRD ISP ITU-T Internet Protocol Internet Protocol Television IPTV Cunsumer Device Integrated Receiver Decoder Internet Service Provider International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Giao thc Internet Truyn hnh giao thc Internet Thit b khch hng IPTV B gii m u thu tch hp Nh cung cp dch v Internet T chc vin thng quc t v cc tiu chun vin thng
L
LSR LIB Label Switch Router Label Information Base Router chuyn mch nhn C s thng tin nhn
M
MEF MIB Metre Ethernet Forum Base Information Management Din n Metro Ethernet C s thng tin qun l
Middleware Cc phn mm chc nng hoc dch v lin kt cc thnh phn c bit (v d nh server cc ng dng, VoD server v STB) v cc thnh phn ng dng (v d nh gim st truy cp c iu kin, h thng lp ha n v cc dch v tng tc) MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group Nhm chuyn gia v nh ng MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc
N
NMS NTSC Network Management System National Television System Committee H thng qun l mng y ban h thng truyn hnh quc gia (M)
O
OC OSS OLT ONT OSI Optical Carrier Operational Support System Optical Line Termination Optical Network Termination Open Systems Interconnection Sng mang quang H thng h tr hot ng Kt cui ng quang Kt cui mng quang Lin kt h thng m
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THUT NG VIT TT
P
PAN PC PON PSTN POTS Phase Alternating Line Personal Computer Passive Optical Network Public Switched Telephone Network Plain Old Telephone Service My tnh c nhn Mng quang th ng Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng Dch v in thoi truyn thng n gin
Q QoS Quality of Service Cht lng dch v
R
RF RTP RTSP Radio Frequency Real Time Protocol Real Time Streaming Protocol Tn s v tuyn Giao thc thi gian thc Giao thc streaming thi gian thc
S
Standard Definition nh dng cht lng chun Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Ghp knh cp s ng b Service Level Agreement Cam kt cp dch v Synchronized Multimedia Ngn ng tch hp a phng Integrated Language tin ng b ha SNMP Simple Network Management Giao thc qun l mng n Protocol gin SONET Synchronous Optical Network Mng quang ng b SSL Secure Socket Layer STB Set Top Box B gii m Streaming Phng thc phn phi video hoc ni dung khc trn mng trong cc lung ni tip nhau theo mt t l ph hp vi tc d liu c s dng bi thit b hin th. SD SDH SLA SMIL
T
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Giao thc iu khin vn chuyn trn nn IP
U
URL Universal Resource Locator B xc nh a ch ti nguyn
V
VoD VLAN Video on Demand Virtual Local Area Network Video theo yu cu Mng LAN o
W
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing Ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng 69
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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] David Ramirez. IPTV Security Protecting High Value Digital Contents. First edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008. [2] Gilbert Held. Understanding IPTV. First edition, Auerbach Publications, 2007. [3] Gerard ODriscoll. Next Generation IPTV Services and Technologies. First edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2008. [4] Wes Simpson. Video Over IP. Second edition, Elsevier Inc, 2008. [5] Wes Simpson & Howard Greenfield. IPTV and Internet Video: New Markets in Television Broadcast. First edition, Elsevier Inc, 2007. [6] ThS.ng Quc Anh. o th nh gi v lp t ADSL. Trung tm o to bu chnh vin thng II, 2005. [7] ThS.Nguyn Vit Hng. Cng ngh truy cp trong mng NGN. Trung tm o to bu chnh vin thng I, 2007. [8] Cc bi bo trn mng Internet.
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Tim Hieu Cong Nghe Iptv

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LI CM N

DANH MC BNG BIU

Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

TNG QUAN V IPTV

1.1 Khi nim IPTV

Trn Trung Hiu

Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

1.2 Cu trc mng IPTV

Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

Chc nng thu bao

Hnh 1.2 Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV

Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

Hnh 1.3 Cc thnh phn ca cu trc chc nng

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Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

1.3 Vn phn phi IPTV

Trung tm d liu IPTV

Thit b truy cp mng bng rng Server ni dung IPTV

Router Phn phi Router bin 1

Mng bng rng IP li

Thit b truy cp mng bng rng

Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

1.4 Cc cng ngh cho IPTV

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Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

Trung tm d liu IPTV

Thit b truy cp mng bng rng Server ni dung IPTV

Router Phn phi Router bin 1

Mng bng rng IP li

Thit b truy cp mng bng rng

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Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

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Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

Hnh 1.7 M hnh trin khai server

Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

1.5 Cc dch v v ng dng ca IPTV

Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

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Chng I: Tng quan v IPTV

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Chng II: Cc k thut phn phi mng IPTV

CC K THUT PHN PHI MNG IPTV

2.1 Cc loi mng truy cp bng rng

2.2 IPTV phn phi trn mng truy cp cp quang

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Chng II: Cc k thut phn phi mng IPTV

Trn Trung Hiu

Chng II: Cc k thut phn phi mng IPTV

Hnh 2.1 Mng IPTV FTTH s dng cng ngh PON

Chng II: Cc k thut phn phi mng IPTV

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Chng II: Cc k thut phn phi mng IPTV

2.3 IPTV phn phi trn mng ADSL

Chng II: Cc k thut phn phi mng IPTV

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Chng II: Cc k thut phn phi mng IPTV

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Chng II: Cc k thut phn phi mng IPTV

Chng II: Cc k thut phn phi mng IPTV

2.4 IPTV phn phi trn mng truyn hnh cp

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