2009 Pqsse--

2009 Pqsse--

]p-kv-X-I-w- B-dv- / e-w- H--v / 2009 Pqsse-- -/ 1430 d-P-_v-

]-cn-Wm-a-n-s- ]p-Xn-b- I-n

A-`ym-ktam- B-`m-k-tam?-

A-_q-lw-\- Im-c-q-

4
6
7
15

hm-b-\-m-cp-sS- kw-hm-ZwXn-cp-sam-gn]-{Xm-[-n-]-v- ]-d-bm-\p--Xvam\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw

34 _men-i-amb {]Xn-tcm-[-

Fw Fw AIv_

40 C-kv-em-an-s- am\p-jn-Iap-Jw-

A_vZp-d-lvam tdm_v

37 kzm-`m-hn-I-am-sbmcp -amw
ap_m-dv XncqmSv

s{]m-^-.- ]n- A-p--

26 Iq-Sn-m-gv-N28 ssl--h-X- C-kv-emw:- B-i-b- kwhmZw

46 amXm-]n-Xm-tfm-Sp-- I-S-a-Iiao aZ-o\n

s{]m^: tUm: ]qt-g-v cma-N-{-,tKm]m-eIpn am,- Fw.-Fw. AIv_-

50 hn-ip-- ]m-X-

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18.
Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, Kalabhavan Road, Cochin-18.

2009 Pqsse--

hm-b-\-m-cp-sSkw-hm-Zw-

"\{kmWn' {]tbmKw
DNnXw Xs
kdnbpsS "\_nbpsS \mn'
F bm{Xm-hn-h-cW {Ks hnainv, ico^v tateXn FgpXnb teJ\nse Xesns HuNnXys
tNmZyw sNbvXv \mephon A_vZpdlnam FgpXnb ImWv Cu Ipdnn\v t{]cIw.
aXXmcXay]T\n\v {]Ya]cn-KW\ \Ip kvt\lkwhmZw amknIbn hcp teJ\n "\{kmWn'
Fv {]tbmKnm AXv {InkvXy
aX-hnizmknIfpsS hnImcsf {hWsSppsa IpdnpImcs Is- IrXyambn ]dm _meniamWv. teJI kqNnn t]mse tIcfns hyXykvX taJeIfn hn-hn[
AYXefnemWv ta hmNIw {]tbmKnmdv. Fm AXn HcnS-v
t]mepw CXv s\Kohv AYn D]tbmKnpXmbn {ibn s]n-n.
aXNn shfnhmp GXv
kwIfpw, \ne\np kmlNcysf ASnm\amnbmsX hn[nsbgpXm ]mSn. "\{kmWn,' "amnf'
"Im^n' XpSnb ]Z aebmf
kmlnXycN\Ifn \ncmt]w FSpp-cnXmbn ImWmw. CStcnbpsS
"Ckvemanse he'bn Im^nsdpw
amnfsbpw kulrZ kw`mjWnse A`nkwt_m[\mhmIyambn Hcp]mSnSfn {]tbmKnnpv. hn.Sn `ncnmSns "A]v^s aI' F \mSIn \{kmWnsbv Cu {]Imc-n-

{]tbmKnXmbn ImWppv. Fnt\sd, ico^v tateXn hnai\hnt[bamnb kdnbpsS "\_nbpsS

\mn' F ]pkvXIn Xs Hcp]mSv XhW "\{kmWn' F ]Zw \b-Yn {]tbmKnnp-v. CXnse
"Ipg XpSw' F cmw A[ymb-nse Hcp D]-X-e-sv Xs "\Pvdm-\n-semcp ap \{kmWn' Fm-Wv.
\{kmWn F hmv ISev IS-s-nb AXn-ib
- a
- mWv taX-es
- -n\v Iogn Atlw FSp-s-gp-Xp--Xv. Amcyw ]pkvX-I-n Cns\ ImWmw.
""\Pvdm Fm \{km-Wn-If
- psS ew FY-am-W-s{X. \{kmWn Fm \k-td-p-Im-c-\mb tbip-hns
t]cn-ep aX-n hniz-kn-p--h
AYhm {InkvXym\n Fpw. Ign
\qmp hsc- s b- nepw Ad- _ n- I
{InkvXym-\n-Isf \{km-Wn-sb-mWp
hnfn-n-cp--Xv. Pw sImv \{km-Wnbmb Rm \Pvdm-\n A-c
- p-\n-p.
Chn-sSbpw \{km-Wntbm! ]t, kzm{ibtImtftPm d_tXm-tam Ipcn-iSntbm ImWp-n-.'' (\-_n-bpsS \mn,
t]Pv 17, kdn-).
am{Xa, "Hcp \{kmWn bphmhpw
Kufnimkv{Xhpw' F t]cn Atln\v Hcp ]pkvXIw XsbpvXm\pw.
Fm Cmcysfmpw ]cnKWnmsX GtXm ap A\p`hfpsS
]men teJIcn sXv
Ism {ianp IpdnpImcs
{iaw ]p\hnNn\n\v hnt[bamtXmWv. AtXkabw kqvaX
F \nev Atlw \S-nb Blzm-

2009 Pqsse--

\nse kXykX tNmZyw sNtXn. kthm]cn C{X sNdnb cwKpt]mepw CXcaXcpsS hnImc-sf am\np Atlns kqvaXmt_m[w FpsImpw A`n\\mlw Xs.
A-Pn- ]--qln]vt\m-nkw
]p-Xn-b- ]-T-\-- ]p-d-p- h-cWwkvt\l-kw-hmZw amkn-I-bn Ignew {]kn-o-I-cn low Nm\-m-Sn-bpsS ln]vt\m-n-ks Ipdn-p teJ\w hmbn-p. sXmm s]mp hnj-b-sf a\x]qw Ah-KWn- p ]Xn- h pssienbn \nv
Ckvem-anIamkn-I-I amdn Nnnp
XpS-n-b-Xn-ep ktmjw BZyta
tcJ-s-Sp--s.
\n-b-ZmVyw, s]sv {]Xn-I-cnm-\p Ign-hv, ss[cyw, Dm-c-W-ipn, kwkm-c-ssh-`hw Fnhbp-sn Bpw sNm km[n-p
Hcp a\-xim-kv{X-im-J-bmWv ln]vt\m-nk-sa-mWv AXns {]tbm-m-
AhImis-Sm-dv. Fm Ch-smw
]pdsa AXo-{o-b-i-n-I-fpsS AZr-iyk-lmbw IqSn ln]vt\m-n-k
- n {]hn-pp F teJ-Is A\p-`-hkmyw Cu cwK-p ]pXn-sbmcp
Adn-hmbn amdn.
sshb-n-Im-\p-`h
-
- p GItZmjw(Kp-W-hpw) AXv aphcpsS
hnizm-ks ]cn-jvI-cn-m am{Xw
sI]p-h
- b
- F-Xm-Wv. IrXy-amb
{]am-Whpw hy-amb sXfn-hp-Ifpw

kzm\p-`-h-fpamsX Hcm-fpsS hnizmks ZrVo-Ic

- n-m asm-n\pamhntm! FnIqSn Ime-f
- mbn a\-n sImp-\-S Nne tNmZy-p Dcw {]kvXpX teJ-\-n IqSn kzmb-a
- m-m Ign-p-sh-X
- n\v
teJ-I-t\mSv IrX--X-b-dn-bn-p-p.
"hmv, kw`m-j-Ww, {ipXn, Xmfw,
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khn-ti-j-X-bn Bh-\-Xm-f-neqsS t{]mPz-en-n--s-Sp-tm a\v
\n-e-am-bn, t_m[w \nho-cy-ambn hyn, {]`m-hns Iognhcpp. CXv
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teJ- I s Is- - e n\v ae- b m- f - a n \np Xs Hcp-]mSv DZm-l-c- \nc-m- Ign-bpw. tIc-f-nse
ssl-h
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Ip-h-cp kw Xp-se Iemcq-]-n, ]pp-h-m hoWbpw ]pp-h-p-S-hp-ap-]-tbm-Knv Hcp {]tXyI
Xmf-n ]mSp-tm kv{XoI t_m[w \inp hogp-Xv ImWm-dp-v. CtXt]mse HmW-m-ev hoSp-I-fn \Sn-cp "Xpn-Xp-' Fv BNm-c\r-
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Fv Xmfm--I-ambn ]mSp-tm-gmWv
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- f
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HXpn \np-n CXns kzm[o\w.
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{Kqv ln]vt\m-n-k-ns km[y-XI-fp-]t- bm-Ks
- -Spn \S-p Ccw
Xn-p-Isf shfn-v sImp-h-cm-\m-

kpc-sb a-c-W-n-\p
ti-j-sa-n-epw- sh-dp-sX- hn-p-Iq-sS?-

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hnp-sIm-Sp-tn hcp-tam-'sb afpsS B[nsb Am-\
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AtXkabw Ie-- - s h- - n
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_n\ojv IS-ta-cn

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ta ]Xnp \In tIc-f-k-aq-lw.
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-
-
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Fm- W n- h - c psS Is- . adnv
ssl-h-co-Xn-bn Ah-cpsS Xd-hmpapv kwkvIc
- n-p-X
- mbncpphs{X
HuNnXy]qW-amb kao-]-\w.
bYmY-n Pohn-n-cp--tm-sg t]mse ac-Wm-\--chpw aX-k-lnjvWp-Xpw ]c-kv]c_lp-am-\-n-\pap sXfn-hmbnamdp-Ib
- m-bn-cpp Iae
kpc-. ac-Wm-kka-bv sNmntb]n Hcp Dd-ns\ adv shmsX
P-\-k-a--a-dn-bn-v--D-m-tb-m-hp
hen-sbmcp hKob tNcn-Xn-cn-hns\ \b]-c-ambn ]cn-l-cn kpc-m-]p-{X-\mWv
CXn Gsd A`n-\--\-aln-p--Xv.

aX]camb kwIfpw
{InkvXym-\n-Ifpw
am- t mkv kphn- t ijw 15/35
tbip ""Gtembv, Gtembv eam-k-_m\n'' Fv \ne-hn-fn--Xmbn ]d-bpp. B ]Z-v "Fs ssZh-ta,
Fs ssZhta Fs ssIhn---sXv'
FYhpw sImSp-n-cn-p-p. Hmim\ ss__n-fn \nmWv ta D-cWn. ap Nne ss__n-fp-I-fn ""Ftemln, Ftem-ln, eam k_-m\n''FmWp--Xv. am-bn-bpsS kphn--ti-j-nem-Is ""Gen Gen eam-k-_-m\n
Fm-Wp-Xv'' Dm-cW
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Xs-bm-bmepw "F' "G' "A'
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]pkvXIw ]sm-Xmw A[ym-b-n kzK-nse ZqX-m ssZhs
kvXpXn-p-Xv ""At epb'' FmsWv hy-am-n-bn-p-v. ""Atm knwlm-k\
-
- n \npw sNdn-sbm-cp kzcw
tIp. ssZh-`-b-ap sNdn-b-hcpw hen-b-h-cp-amb Zmk-msc ssZhs kvXpXn-m-epw''(shfn-]mSv 19/6) ssZ-h-s
"A' F ]Zw sImv hnfnm-Wn-hnsS kvXpXn-p-X
- v; kvXpXn-m Bhiy--s-n-p--Xpw.
D]n 35/8 "G t_tY'
F F{_mb ]Zw ImWmw. Cu ]Zn\v Hmim\ ss__n-fn t_tYense ssZhw Fm-WYsav ASn-p(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 39 - )-

I- W w, Ckv e m- a nI]cn- t {]- j y- n

\np-sImv \S-nb CXp-t]m-ep
]T-\- ey-an-tS--Xv. Fm
teJ-I A-s\-sbmcp `mKw teJ\- n ]cm- a in- - X mbn In- .
A-hn-izm-k-pw A\m-Nm-c-pw hgn-a-cp-n-Sp "imkv{X'-sf
AXns ASn-m\ t{kmX-n shv
Xs XIv If-bm {]m]vX-amb
]T-\
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- f
- p-amWv A`y-kvXhn-Zy Gsd-bp Cm-ev ]pdv
htc--Xv. kvt\l-kw-hm-Z-n\v AXv
km[y-am-I-s-sbv {]mYn-p-p.
D-p- j-l- Xp-h-m-Sv-

2009 Pqsse--

Xn-cp-sam-gnC_v\p-sslZ

[rXnImWnpI;
kImbn...

""dkq
Bm]np: ""hcm\ncnp Ggp Imcyp apmbn \n kIfn PmKcqIcmhpI. hnkvarXnbneIsSp Zmcn{Ztam A[-ntep \bnp ktm B]nemgvp tcmKtam ]npwt]bpw ]dbp hm[Iytam
BIkvanIacWtam hcm\ncnpXn shv Ghpw {Iqc\mb Zmtem Ibvt]-dnbXpw A{]Xntcm[hpamb AyZn\tam Am- hXpw \nv {]Xonn-cnm\ptm?'' (XnanZn)
]pXnsbmcp Imcyw XpSm Ghpw
\ ZnhktaXmWv? kwibsampan;
CpXs. \mtfv \onsh GsXmcp Imcyhpw AekX ]nSns]v asmchkcntev amnshm\mWv km[yX
IqSpX. \msf \msf \osf \osf... Fsmcp sNmv `mjbn ISphXv
Cusbmcp hkvXpX apn shmWv.
"kIfn apISm {ianW'samWv hnipJpB\ns Blzm\w. kIamsWpdp GsXmcpImcyhpw s]sv sNbvXpXom-\m-bn-cpp {]hm-N-Is I]-\.
dkq {]Jym]np.
""\n kIsImv aptdpI. Ccpapnb cm{Xnsbtmse
^nXv\I DmbnsImncnpw. {]`mXnse kXyhnizmkn {]tZmjn
kXy\ntj[nbpw {]tZmjnse kXyhnizmkn {]`mXn kXy\ntj[n-bpw
Bbnocpp. Xs Zo sFlnIt\v thn hnpXpsImmWXv.'' (apkvenw)
a\p-jy-a-\v ]nim-Nns ]Wn-im-ebm-Wv. amn-sh \ Imcy- kaYambn Cm-sX-bm-m ]nim-Nn\v {]bmk-sam-p-an-. \nnX ka-b-n-\p-n sNbvXp Xom aXn-sb Bk-am-[m-\-n \nv XpSn F-s\sb-nepw sNbvXp-Xop Inn-bm
aXn-sbp Nnn-p Xc-n Ahkm\ \nan-j-tmfw AXns\ sshInn-pp, Ahs X{-. Ah-km-\w

Hpw sNbvXp XomsX-sNbvX-Xv

Xs ]q-am-m-sX--{]-hn-bn
\nv hnc- a n- p Ah- - b n- t ev
Imcy- sf sIms- n- p- I bpw
sNp-p. t\cwsXnb Bcm-[\
- m-I-fpw Zm\[fps-a-mw HSphn-
C-c-n-em-Wv ]cn-W-an-m-dv.
Zm\[ Xmaknnv Ahkm\w acWnStbmfw \onshpXns\ Ipdnv {]hmNI apdnbnv
\Ippv. Hcn Hcm \_n
bpsS ASpv hv tNmZnp: ""{]hmNIsc! IqSpX {]Xn^eap [w
G-XmWv? \o kmnIm`nhrn ImwnpIbpw Zmcn{Zyw `bsSpIbpw
sNp ep_v[\pw BtcmKyhm\pambncns sNp Zm\amWv''Fm-bncpp \_n bpsS adp-]-Sn.
]mc{XnIhnPbw Ddp\Inb [kacn ]sSpm\p {]hmNImcpsS XnSpw, {]hmNIs Cu
A[ym]\w AtXbYn Ah
s\ntenbncpp FXns Da
sXfnhmWv, DlvZv bpthfbn {]hmNIs hm kzoIcnm A_pZpPm\bpw ssJ_ bpmcw`n [zPhmlI\mhm Da hpsamw akcnXv CmcWw sImmWv.
DlvZv bpthfbn Xs \S
asmcp kw`hw t\mpI: DlvZv Zn\n Hcm \_n tbmSv tNmZnp:
""Cu bpn sImsm Rm
FhnsSbmbncnpw? ""kzKn''

2009 Pqsse--

Xncpta\n adp]Sn \In. Xkabw

Atlw Inepmbncp Imc hensdnp bpw sNbvXv c-kmnbmbn. (_pJmcn, apkvenw)
]camh[n kI sNbvXv
F{Xbpw s]sv \mYs Xncpkn[nbnseWsa ASm A`nhmRvNbpsS DZmlcWfmWv \mw apIfn IXv. AtXkabw AIrXyambn
]cnWanm km[yXbp cwKp\n-v amdn \nm\pw CtX ipjvImn ssIsmWsav XsbmWv
Ckvemans A[ym]\w. {]hmNI
Cmcyw Atbw {inncpp FXn\v Atlns PohnXw Xs
kmnbmWv.
DJv_p_v\p lmcnkv]d-bpp:
aZo\bn \_n bpsS ]nn Rm
Ak \akvIcnp. kemw honbtm AhnSpv thKw Fgptv P\sf
IhpshpsImv GtXm `mcybpsS
apdnbntep t]mbn. Xncpta\nbpsS
Cu [rXnbn P\ Acp. Xmakwhn\m \_n {]Xysp. Xs
_mSn P\ AXv`pXsnpsp a\nemnbnv ]dp:
""Fs ]epmbncp Xw F\ntmhp. Amlphns kvacWbn \nXv Fs XSsSppsav Hmp AXv hoXnp sImSpm
Rm\ntm Bm]npIbmbncpp.'' (_pJmcn)

]-{Xm-[n-]-v- ]-d-bm-\p--Xv-

i{Xphpw an{Xhpw
apl-Zv \_n \bn BZys bpw_ZvAXp-m-bXv A_q-kp^vbm
s I-h-S- kwLs XS-bm-\p {iaw...
apkvenwI DlvZn ]cm-P-b-s-p; Jmen-Zp_v\p heo-Zn s X{--fmWv DlvZn apkvenwI-f-psS ]cm-P-b-ns Imc-W-am-bn-o-Xv...
{]hm-N-Is t\Xr-Xz-n-ep DwdkwLw a-bn-tev {]th-in--cp-sX
Jpssd-in-I-fpsS Bhiyw AwKo-I-cnnp-hm Ah-cpsS a[y--\mbn lpssZ-_nb-bn-tev h D-p_v\p akv-DuZv ...
apkvenwI-fpsS i{Xp--fmbn bpw \bn--h-sc-p-dnpw apw ]cm-ain-sh
Ahsc an-h-cp-sSbpw t]cn\v tijw "dZn-b-mlp Alp' Fv ]d--tm
Hcm tNmZnp: ""FmWv Cu ]d--Xn\v AYw?''
""At-l-n Amlp kw{]o-X-\m-bn-cn-p-p-sh-v..''
""apkvenwI-fpsS i{Xp-]-v \ne-sImv bpw sNbvX-h-cn Amlp {]o--Xns-n-cn-p-p-shtm...?''
""AsX...- A-h Ckvemans i{Xp--fm-bn-cpp; Ckveman-Im-Zis XIphm\pw apkvenwIsf \in-n-p-hm\pw ]cn-{i-an-h-cm-bn-cp-p. Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ssIamdn-n-nb hnizm-km-Nm-c
- f
- mWv kXy-sapw AXv XImh `nn-p-Im-c\mWv
apl-Zv \_n sbpw Icp-Xn-b-XpsImmWv Ah Ckvemans i{Xp--fm-b-Xv.
{]kv-XpX i{Xp-X-bpsS At-bw hsc t]mIm Ah k--cm-bn. apkvenwIsf
]oUn-np; ]em-b-\-n\v \n_n-p Xc-n {]bm-k-s-Spn; apkvenwIfpambn bpw sNbvXp. Fnpw Amlp Ahp apn amKZi-\
- ns hmXn
ASp If-n-.''
2009 Pqsse--

tKm{Xm-[n-]X
- y-ns Al-m-chpw kaq-l
- nse m\-am-\
- fpw apw kXyw
ImWp--Xn \nv Ahsc XSp \nn. Fm ]nm-ev Ckvemans
kXyX Ahv t_m[y-s-Sp-Ibpw kXyw kzoI-cn-p-hm Ah k--cm-hpIbpw sNbvXp. AtXmsS i{XpX shSnv kXy-a-X-ns {]Nm-c-I-cmbnop,
Ah. {]hm-N-Is i{Xp--fm-bn-cp Ah At-l-ns kJm-fpw injy-amm-cp-am-bn-op. apl-Zv \_n bpsS Imev Ckvemw hniz-kn--h-cmWv {]hmN-Ik
- J
- m--k
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- m-_n-am-F
-
- d
- n-bs
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- v. klm-_n-am-cpsS t]cn-t\m-sSm-a
- mWv
"dZn-b-mlp Alp' Fv ]d-bp-Xv.''
""Atm apkvenwIv i{Xp--fn--sb-mtWm Xm ]d-bp-Xv?''
""A! apkvenwIv i{Xp-f
- p-v; kth-iz-c\mb Xp-cm-t\mSv i{XpX {]Jym]n-h
- apkvenwI-fpsS i{Xp-f
- m-Wv. BZi-{]-t_m-[\
-
- n\v XSw \np-Ibpw
kXy-a-X-a-\p-k-cnv Pohn-p-hm A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h {kjvSmhn-t\mSv i{XpX {]Jym-]nhcm-Wv. Ah X-fpsS \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn \nv amdm-nS-tmfw apkvenwI-fp-sSbpw i{Xp--fm-bn-cn-pw; \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn \nv amdp-Ibpw
{]h-\- \m-n-op-Ibpw sNp--tXmsS Cu i{XpX Ah-km-\n-pIbpw sNpw. apkvenwI-fpsS i{XpX hyn-I-tfm-S; {]XypX \ne-]m-Sp-I-tfm-SmWv
FYw.''
""apkvenwIv ncw i{Xp--fn-s-mtWm?''
""A. apkvenwIv Hcp ncw i{Xp-hp-v. kth-iz-cs I]-\sb [nmc-tmsS Ah-a-Xn-p-Ibpw Ah-s\ shp-hn-fnv a\p-jysc ]ng-n-p-hm ]cn-{ian-p-sIm-n-cn-pIbpw sNp sNIp-m-t\m-SmWv apkvenwI-fpsS BXy-nI i{XpX. Ah-t\m-S-msX am--tcmSpw apkvenwIIv ncw i{Xp-X-bn-. ss]im-NnI
{]tem-`-\-v hiw-h-Z-cmbn Xn-I sNp--hsc Ahs {ZwjvS--fn \nv
c-s-Sp-p-hm-\mWv apkvenwI- ]cn-{i-an-p--Xv. Xn sNp--h-tcmSv i{Xp-Xb-, kl-Xm-]hpw Ahsc c-s-Sp-p-hm-\p D-S-amb A`n--hm--bp-amWv
apkvenwIpXv. Xn-I-fn Ghpw Kpcp-X-c-amWv krjvSn-]q-P. {kjvSm-hmb
Xp-cms A\p-{K-l- A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw Ah Ghpw shdp-p krjvSn]q-P-bntes-Sp-Ibpw sNp-Xv alm-]m-]-am-Wv. s]mdp--s-Sm ]m]w. a\pjy-sc-smv Cu Xn sNnnv Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l
- f
- psS `h-\a
- mb kzKn \nv Ahsc AI-p-Ibpw ssZhn-ItIm]-n\v ]m{X-amn \nXy-\-c-I-n\v
Ah-Im-in-I-fm-n-opIbpw sNpI-sb ZpjvS-X-bmWv ]nimNv {]hn-psIm-n-cn-p--Xv. ]c-am-h[n t]sc \c-I-n-se-n-p-I-sb--XmWv ]nim-Nns
{]Jym-]nXeyw. a\p-jysc Xs i{Xp-f
- mbn {]Jym-]n-h
- \
- m-Wh
- . AXp-sImv
Xs a\pjykaq-ls c-bn-tev \bn-p-hm {ian-p-h ]nim-Nns\ shdppp; i]n-p-p.''
""apkvenwIs-Xnsc ]S-\b
- n-p-Ibpw Ahsc Daq-e\w sNm {i-an-p-Ibpw
sN-p--h-tcm-Sp-sampw i{Xp-X-bn-s-mtWm?''
""Ah-tcm-Sp i{XpX Ah-cpsS \ne-]m-Sns ASn-m-\-n-ep--Xm-Wv; hKobtam hn`m-Ko-btam A. Ckveman-s\bpw apkvenwI-sfbpw \in-n-p-hm {ianp--h Am-lp-hns i{Xp--fm-Wv. Ah-tcmSv ssZh-Zm-k-mp i{XpX
{]kvXpX \ne-]m-Sns am{Xw ASn-m-\-n-ep--Xm-Wv. Ah {]kvXpX \ne-]mSv
am-W-sa-mWv apkvenwI B{K-ln-p--Xv. As\ amdn-bm Ah-tcmSp
i{XpX Ah-km-\n-p-sa hkvXp-Xb
- mWv {]hm-NI
- \pw apkvenwIp-sa-Xnsc bpw
sNbvX-h-sc-tmepw BZ-cn-p-Ibpw Ahmbn {]mYn-p-Ibpw sNp apkvenw
kz`m-h-n \nv hy-am-hp--Xv. ]m]--fm PohnXw apgp-h Idpp t]mbhcm-sW-n t]mepw ]m-]n-m Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-sa-m-Wtm
Jp-B ]Tn-n-p--Xv. ""]dbpI: kzw BXvamtfmSv AXn{Iaw {]hnv
t]mb Fs Zmkamtc, Amlphns ImcpWysn \n \ncmisScpXv.
Xobmbpw Amlp ]m]sfmw s]mdppXmWv. Xobmbpw Ah
XsbmIpp Gsd s]mdpph\pw IcpWm\n[nbpw'' (36:53)

2009 Pqsse--

]-cn-Wm-a-n-s- ]p-Xn-b- I-n

A-`ym-ktam- B-`m-k-tam?-

A-_q-lw-\- Im-c-q-

Imf s]p-shv tIm "Ib-dn-s-Spq' F _pniq-\yX imkv{X-Im-c-mv tN-X Fp k-Xn-m-h hnc-fa

- m-Wv. ]s, ssZh-\n-tj-[s Xmtem-enpn-Sv {`m-amb aT-b-cw ImWn-p--Xn imkv{XIm-c-m apnp \np-p-sh-Xv IuXp-I-Icw Xs.
imkv{X-t_m-[tam kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_--Xtbm [manI
t_m[tam sXmpXom ]Is-gp-p-Im-cpsS Aamb Ipg-eq-p-I ]Im Xg-hpw ]g-hpw
{]Nmc-hp-ap {]kn-o-I-c-W- Xm-dm-hp-tm {]XnIcWw A\n-hm-cy-am-hp-I-bmWv.
2009 Pqsse--

imkv{Xw Ftmgpw hkvXp-X-Isf

Xa-kvI-cn-m Hm-sW s]mXp[mc-Wsb XInSw adn-p ImgvN-bmWv ]cn-Wm-a-hmZsa tIhe hmZ-K-Xnbp-ambn _-s \njv] ]T-\- aptmp shp--Xv. 150 hjv apv Nmkv Umhn F a\pjy\v Dmb Nne Im]\nI Nn-Iv imkv{X-]-cn-thjw \Im-\p
Xzc Hcp]s Bpw a\-n-emmw.
Fm AXn-\mbn If-hp-Ifpw imkv{Xob h-\-Ifpw Xeapd-I-fmbn XpScp-Xv Fn-s\v ]cn-tim-[n-m
shfn--s-Sp-Xv ssZh-\n-tj[w am{XamWv.
]cn- W m- a - h m- Z - n\v sXfn- h p- I
tXSnb taJ-e-I:
1. {`qW-imkv{Xw. (embryology)
2. Ah-b-h-km-Zriyw(homology)
3. e p ] v X m - h - b - h - ( vestigial
organs)
4. t^mkn-ep-I
5. D]-cn-h\w(mutation) Fnh-bpw B[p- \ n- I - a mbn P\n- n- I v k pw
tamfn-p-em- _tbm-f-Pn-bp-amWv. kXyk--ambn ]cn-tim-[n-m Cu taJeI-sfmpw Xs imkv{Xo-b-ambn
hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb sXfn-hp-I-sfmpw
\Inbn-nsp ImWmw. ]cn-Wm-a-hmZs kaYn-m Cu taJ-e-I-fnsemw Xs Htsd h-\m--I-amb
\S- ] - S n- I Dm- b n- p- a pv . 1874
GWv ssl Ir{Xna-ambn hc-pm-nb hnhn[ \s-p Pohn-If
- psS
{`qW--fpsS kZr-iyX ImWn-p
Nn{Xw B[p-\nIimkv{X-ns ko-

I- c - W - - f p- ] - t bm- K np sImp
bYmY Nn{X-p-t]mepw XIm tin-t-p-amdv Gh-cnepw kzm[o\w sNepnsbXv kXy-am-Wv. tUm.
ssan dnmUvk 1977 hnhn[
\s-p Pohn-I-fpsS {`qW-h-fm
L- B[p-\nI kwhn-[m-\-
D]-tbm-Kn-p-sImv Ah-Xc
- n-n-p-Ib
- pm-bn. Cu bYmY Nn{X- Pohn-IfpsS imkv{Xob \maw t]mepw \ImsX ssl Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-X
- n \nv
Xptemw hyXy-kvX-am-sWv ImWmw.
(Nn{Xw ImWpI)
]cn-Wm-a-hmZ kw_-n-bmbn Ghpw imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-bn \njv] a\-n-Xn-tbmsS \S ]co-Ww
tUm. Kmhn Un. _odnt-XmWv. Ahb-h- hfp hcp coXnbpw AhbpsS D`-h-tI-{--fpw Fmw IrXyambn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-n-sm-m-bncpp- tUm. Kmhn Un. _o Xs KthjWw \S-n-b-Xv. {]kvXpX ]T-\s
Xnc- k v I - c n- m B[p- \ nI ]cnWmahmZ imkv{X-Im-c
- m-cn {]K`-\mb
tUm. sU-\p-t]mepw C\nbpw Ign-nn-. D]-e-_v[-amb Fm sXfn-hp-I-tfbpw A]-{K-Yn-p-sImv hninjym tUm.
Kmhn Un. _odns ]T-\-sf ASnm-\-amn tUm. sU ]cn-WmahmZw: {]Xn-k
- n-bn-eI-s knm-w.
(Evolution: A Theory in Crisis) F
]pkvXIw Fgp-Xp-I-bp-m-bn.
hnhn[ \s-p Pohn-If
- psS {`qWns {]mY-anIhfm L- ]T\-hn-t[-b-am-n-smv Atlw FgpXn-bXv Cu hnj-b-nse Hcp D]-kw-

2009 Pqsse--

10

lm- c - a m- I p- s a- - X n- \ m Ipdn- s:
""...Cu {]mY-anI {`qW-n (Gastrula)
Nahpw \mUn-hy-h-bpw DS-se-Spp FIvtmtUw; t]in-Ifpw AnIfpw DS-se-Sp-p aotkmtUw; AIp-ey-bpsS Bh-cWw AXp-t]mse Icfpw IqSmsX ]m{In-bmkpw DS-se-Sp-p FtmtUw Fo aqv ASn-m\
{]`htImi-]m-fn-IfmWp-Xv. Fm
\s-p Pohn-hK--fnepw Kmk-{Spebpw Kmkv{Sp-te-j\pw A\p-cq-]a
- m-sW-Xn Bpw kwi-b-an-. Fnepw
{Kmkv{Spe cq]o-Ir-X-am-Ip coXnbpw
hninjym ASn-m\ {]`htIm-i-]m-fnI Dm-hp mp-e-bnse tImi-fpsS m\w, Kmkv{Sp-ebmbn amdptm-gp Ah-bpsS kw{I-aW coXnI Fn-hb
- n-semw hnhn[ \s-p
Pohn hK-f
- n {]I-Sa
- mb hyXymkw
Zriy-amWv. hnhn[ shn-t{_v mkpI-fnse {`qW-hf
- -bpsS {]mcw-`L
- -
- fn t]mepw henb hyXymk-ap-v.
AXn-\m ]qW-h-f-sb-nb \sp Pohn-I-fpsS Ah-b-h--fnepw
LS-\-bn-ep-samw ImWp kmZriyw
]cn-K-Wn-p-tm Xs Ah cq]-saSp-Xv Htc tImi-f
- n \ntm taJe-I-fn \ntm BsWv ]d-bp-hmt\m As\ ]np-Sp Is-phmt\m km[y-a F-Xn kwi-b-taXp-an-. asmcp hn[-n ]d-m
kmZriyw ]pep LS-\-I cq]sa-Sp-Xv hyXy-kvX
-
- fmb hgn-If
- n-eqsS-bmWv'' (Evolution: A Theory in Crisis,
Michael Denton, 1985, p 145-6)

AkvX-an-p-sh-nepw apn hmcn-I-Ifnse ]g--Y-InS-bn _pn-Pohn

Na-bm BwK-teb hmcn-I-Isf IY-bdn-bmsX XPa sNp hnZzm-mv
Ah-sbmw Ctmgpw B\-mcyw Xs. Ipgn-bm-\-p-d-n-cp Xg-ns
IY ]t Cu ssk_ bpK-n
\gv-kdn mkn t]mepw sNe-hm-Ip-Ibn-.
\ymbo-I-cn-m-\m-Im kZr-iy-

ap-I-f-n- ssl--en-s- Ir-{Xn-a- Nn-{Xo-I-c-W-w- Xm-sg- b-Ym-Y- Nn-{X--

\s-p Pohn-I-fpsS Ah-b-h-fn ImWp kmZriyw Ah Xn-ep ]mc-cy _s ImWn-p--psh Hcp Nn-bn \np-amWv kXyn ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zhpw AXns\ sXfnbn-m ]cnWma-K-Xnsb ImWn-p
hnhn[ Nn{Xo-I-c-W-fpw DmbXv.
Fm tUm. Kmhn Un. _o kZriym-h-b-h--fpsS cq]-h-cWcoXnI ]T-\h
- n-t[-ba
- mn Fgp-Xnb {Kw
Homology: An unsolved problem Cu
hmZ-KX
- nsb AmsS XIs-dn-bp-p.
Xs ]T-\
- n\v kwn]vXw Atlw
C{]-Imcw \Ip-I-bp-m-bn. ""Ans Htc `mK-p-\ntm {`qW-nse tImi--fpsS Htc m\v \ntm A(Pohn-I-fpsS) kZr-iy-X-bm Ah-b-h- DS-se-Sp-p-Xv Fn Ah kam-\-Po-\p-I-fpsS \nb-{-Wn-e D-Xv. AXp-sImv Xs
Ahbvv P\n-XI
- a
- m-bn bmsXmcp _hp-an-. P\n-XI _-an-mh Htc
]qh-]n-Xm-a-l-\n \nv cq]m--c-fn-eqsS Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ]cn-W-an--h-bpa-'' ( Gavin de Beer, Homology: An unsolved problem, London, Oxford university Press)
""P\nXI tImUpIfneqsS Po\pI
PohnIfpsS icocm-hbhfpsS km[mcW LS\Isfbpw sshhn[ysfbpw
cq]oIcnm th t{]mo\pIsf
DXv]mZnnp cmkmnIsf (Enzymes) tImUv sNpp FXv kXyamsW-n, Htc Po\pIfm \nb{n-

Hcp s]mXp-]n-Xm-a-ls kam-\-XI hni-Zo-I-cn--s-S-Ws-- a-n hnh-cfpsS CS-hn-Sm XpS sXfn-bn-s-tS--Xp-v. A-c-samv C\nbpw
\ne-hn-en--m--Xn-\m tlma-tem-Knv
Hpw {]k-n-bn-msX t]mIp-p. am{X-

Un. _odns ]T-\-n-eqsS P\n-X-Ihpw {`qW-im-kv{X]-c-hp-ambn Ir{XnamSn--d-bp-Xpw Dulm-Sn-m-\-n-epap--Xp-amb sXfn-hp-I AkvX-an-p-sh-nepw apn
hmcn-I-I-fnse ]g--Y-InS-bn _pn-Pohn Na-bm
BwK-teb hmcn-I-Isf IY-b-dn-bmsX XPa sNp
hnZzm-mv Ah-sbmw Ctmgpw B\-mcyw Xs.
Ipgn-bm-\-p-d-n-cp Xg-ns IY ]t Cu ssk_
bpK-n \gvkdn mkn t]mepw sNe-hm-Ip-I-bn-.
sSmXncpnpw kam\XIfpw LS\mkZriyhpap Ahbh DSseSpsSpXv GXv sa\nkneqsSbmWv?. Rm 1938 apX tNmZnphcp Cu tNmZyn\ntmfw Dcw
e`nnn.'' (de Beer, Gavin (1971). Homology: An Unsolved Problem. London:
Oxford University Press. )
XnIpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn Un _o
\S-nb Kth-jW
- s \ncm-Ic
- n-m
imkv{X-tem-I-n\v Ign-n-n-. ]t, ]mT-]p-kvX-I--fntem ]cn-WmahmZ N-I-fntem Cu ]T-\- {]Xy-s-Sm-dn FXv kuI-cy-]qhamb
Hcp Xa-kvI-cWw am{X-am-Wv. ]cn-Wm-ahmZ Ncn-{X-nse ]e NXn--I-fnse hnf-s-Sm kXy-ns Hcp In-bmbn tUm. Un _odns ]T-\- \ne\np-p. Un. _odns ]T-\
- n-eqsS
P\n-X-Ihpw {`qW-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-ambn
Ir{XnamSn--d-bp-Xpw Dulm-Sn-m\- n- e p- a p- - X p- a mb sXfn- h p- I

2009 Pqsse--

11

a-, Is-nb At\Iw sXfn-hp-I

Xm{Xm Xe-n t]mepw {]Xy-amb tlma-tem-Knv FXn-cm-sWv
ImWmw.
""ssktm- k v - t - m - a p- I - f n \nv
ayw, ay-n \nv D`b-Po-hn-I,
D`- b - P o- h n- I - f n \npw Dc- K - ,
DcKfn \npw kkvX-\n-I F
]c-c
- m-KX ]cn-Wm-ah
- mZ irwJ-eb
- psS
Imcy-n Xm{Xm Xe-n \ma-am{X-amb sXfn-hp-t]m-ep-an-.'' (Evolution:
A Theory in Crisis: Michael Denton)
""Ahn-iz-k-\o-bamwhn[w a\p-jy\v
emw{_n-I-tfmSv Ahv ay--tfm-S-p-Xn-t\-m ASp--apv.''(AtX -]pkvXIw)
""ay-n \npw D`-b-Po-hn-I-fntepw Ah-bn \nv Dc-K--fn-tepw Dc-K--fn \nv kkvX-\n-I-fnte-pap ]cn-Wm-a-hmZ]c-amb cq]m-c-W-ns Hcp em\ t]mepw
Xm{Xm Xen C''(AtX ]pkv-

P-a-\n-bn- \n-p-w- I-s-Sp-- sF-U-bp-sS- t^m-kn-

A-ns Htc `mK-p-\ntm {`qW-n-se

tImi--fpsS Htc m\v \n-tm A (Pohn-I-fpsS)
kZr-iy-X-bm- Ah-b-h- DS-se-Sp-p-Xv Fn- Ah
kam-\-Po-\p-I-fpsS \nb-{-W-n-e D-Xv. AXp-sImv
Xs Ahbvv P\n-X-I-am-bn bmsXmcp _-hp-an-.
P\n-XI _-an-mh Htc ]qh-]n-Xm-a-l-\n \nv
cq]m--c--fn-eqsS Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ]cn-W-an--h-bp-a-
XIw)
""Pohn-I-fpsS Fm mkp-Ifpw Hs- Xpw AZzn- X o- b - h p- a m- W v . ''(AtX
]pkvXIw)
""a\p-jy-c--n\v \ndw sImSp-p lntam-tm-_n Nne ]b-dp-hK
kky-f
- psS thcp-If
- n ImWp dqv
s\mUn-bq-fp-I-fnepw {It-jy-I-fnepw
Um]v\n-bI
- f
- nepw ImWmw. Bb-Xn-\m
Cu Pohn-I-sfmw Xs a\p-jy-tcmSv
ASp-_
- w ]pep-h
- b
- mtWm?''XpSn tUmIvS B.-F. sshtkmv Xs {K-amb "Zn {Intb-j Cheyq-j tIm-t{Sm-thgvkn'- F ]pkvX-I-n At\Iw tNmZy--fp--bnp-p-v. ]cn-Wm-ah
- m-Zn-Iv C\nbpw
adp-]Sn Is-m-\m-hm tNmZy-fm-W-h.
]mT`m-K--fn \npw N-I-fn
\npw ]cn- W mahm- Z - k w- _ - n- b mb
bYmY-]-T-\- B hmZs XIp-X
- m-bX
- n-\m amn \n-s-Sp-p-

sh-nepw Cu hnh-c- km-t-XnI temIv AXn-\nbpw hne-tm-hn Fsnepw Xncn--dn-bm Cu imkv{Xkm-lnXy-]-cn-j-(p)Iv Ignsn!!
t^mkn-ep-I IY ]d-bp-p...
]cn- W m- a - h mZw Fp tIm
GsXmcp hnZymYnpw Hmm-\p-Xv
ssl-ens {`qW--fpsS Nn{Xhpw
]ns Bntbm]vSdn-Ivkns cq]-hpam-Wv. Bb-Xp-sImv Xs 1987
Pa-\n-bn \nv Innb Hcp Ipc-ns
AkvXn]-cs(Ida)2009 BtLmj-amn amn-bXv Hcp a\x-im-kv{X-]-camb kao-]\
- a
-
- msX asm-p-am-bn-cp-n. Bntbm]vSdn-Ivkns\ DcK-n\pw ]n-p-an-S-bnse In-bmn hnfn-t imkv{X-tem-Is t\mn
]-]m-Xn-I-f-m ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-I
]dp:
1. Alan Feduccia : ""]menbtmfPnpI Bntbm]vdnIvkns\ Xqhep, `qanbpambn tNv Ignbp Hcp

2009 Pqsse--

12

"ssU\tkm-dmn amm\p {iaw \Sppv. Fm AXv As\-b.

AsXmcp ]nbmWv, tNtdp ]n. Hcp "]mentbm P]\-fpw' AXv
amm t]mIpn.'' (as quoted in
Morell, 1993, 259:764).
2. Colin Patterson: ""Bntbm]vdnIvkv bmYmyt_m[an NnIfpsS Hcp D]IcWambn amdn. Bntbm]vdnIkv Fm ]nIfpsSbpw
]qnI\mtWm? Hcp]t Bbncnmw, AmsXbpancnmw: Cu tNmZyn\v Dcw \Im Hcp \nepw
km[ya. Hv asmn \nv F{]ImcamWv cq]wsImsXpw Hmtcm
Lfpw {]IrXn \nmcWn\v
FpsImv A\pKpWamIWsaXn\p ImcW Ism\pw
IYI sa\bpI FfpamWv. IrXyamb ]cntim[\v hnt[bamm
IgnbmXpsImp Xs Acw
IYI imkv{Xns `mKhpa.'' (as
quoted in Sunderland, 1988, p. 102).
Bntbm]vSdn-Ivkns Xqh
Bn- t bm- ] v S - d nIv k v am{X- a ;
AXn-s Xqh t]mepw imkv{X-h-\-bpsS _mn ]{X-am-sWv temIw
a\-n-emn.
e kvs]knsas XqhepIfpsS `mKnsbpw XqhepIfnm
asmcp `mKnsbpw X-ray resonance
spectrograph ImWnpXv XqhepI ]Xnncp ASbmffpnSs ]ZmYhpw t^mkn m_ns
ap `mKfpw Xn {]ISamb hyXymkapXmbnmWv. Cu `mKs
]Zmns cmkkz`mhhpw hyXykvXambncpp. AXmbXv Izmdnbnse
{In kz`mhap ]mdbn \npw
Cu `mKs ]ZmYw {In kz`m-hanmXmbnmWv ImWsXv. (Wickramansinghe and Hoyle, 1986).
D-c-K--p- ap-v- ]-d-h-I-!]cn-Wm-ah
- m-Zs am{X-a; AXns\
m]n-m sIn-bp-m-nb InIfpw imJ-Ifpw {Ia-fpw Nn{Xo-I-cW--fpw Ime-K-W\bpw Fmw XIp Hm-bn-cpp Lubbock se Texas
Teck University se i NmPn-bpsSbpw kl-{]-h-I-cp-sSbpw Is. sSIvkm-knse t]mv F -

Im-\-U-bn- \n-p-w- I-s-Sp-- Xn-m-en-Iv- t^m-kn-

e-n-\-Spp\npw Is-Sp Imtbmfw hep--ap cv ]n-I-fpsS

t^mkn-ep-Iv ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-I-fpsS
Xs A`n-{]m-b
- n Ime-\nW-co-XnI {]Imcw GXmv 225 aney hjw
]g--ap-v. AXm-bXv BntbmsSdn]vkn-s\-m 75 aney hjw app
Xs ]n-I \ne-\n-n-cp-p-sh-Yw. Cu t^mkn- e p- I v t{]mtm
Bhnkv sSIvkknkv Fv \ma-I-cWw sN-s-p. Cu t^mkn-ep-I ]cnWm-a-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Poh-imkv{X Ime-KW\nI Xs XInSw adn-p. NmPns-Xnsc Ghcpw hnai-\--fp-ambn
Fn-sb-nepw B t^mkn-ep-I-fpsS
LS-\I
- XnIpw ]n-If
- p-tSXv Xs
Fv kaYn-m At-l-n\v Ignp. t{]mtm Bhnkns Xe-tbm-nbn-se 23 e-W-fpw apssI-Ifpw
Npa-ep-Ifpw CSp-s-p-If
- pw Fmw ASnm-\-]-c-ambn ]n-I-fp-tSXv Xs
F- t lw kaYn- p- I - b p- m- b n.
t^mkn-ep-Isf Fpw henb hmbmn amm-dp ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-I
t{]mtm Bhn-kns\ I-Sp hnp.
Fm Ah Xs Im\- U - b n
\npw {XntIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep ayn-t-sXv tXmnn-p Xebpw

DS-ens \m-en-sem-cp-`m-Khpw Ds-Sp

Hcp A]qW- t ^m- k n Inn- b Xv
hWm-`a
- mbn BtLm-jn-p-Ib
- p-m-bn.
Xnm-enIv (Tiktaalic roseae) Fv t]cn Cu t^mkn krjvSn-hm-Zn-Ip
Xncn-Sn F ioj-I-tmsS {]N-cnn-m XpS-n. Cv sImp tIc-fn AtX-p-dnsgp-Xn-bXv Hcp-]t B t^mkn t\cn Iv ]T-\hn-t[-b-am-n-b-h-sc-tmepw sRnnp I]-\-tbm-sSbmWv:
""Ipdp\mfp-Iv apv Hcp kwLw Kth-j-I Im\UbpS hSp `mKp Bnv {]tZ-is Fnkvan-

sS-I-vk-m-kn- \n-p-w- I-s-Sp-- D-c-K-p-ap-p-- Protoavis texensis

]-n-bp-sS- t^m-kn-

2009 Pqsse--

13

b Zzo]n \nv \me-Sn-tbmfw \ofw

hcp Hcp t^mkn Is-n. aynsbpw \mep-Im-ep-I-fn \S-p
Pohn-bp-sSbpw CS-bnse Hcp In-bmbn-cpp AXv. Pe-n \nv Ic-bntev Ib-dp-am-bn-cp B NXp-jv]mZn
400 Zi-ew hjw apmWv `qan-bn
ImW-s-n-cp-Xv. Xnm-env F
B ays-tm-ep ]qhn-I-cn
\nmWv D`-b-Po-hn-Ifpw Dc-Kfpw
Znt\m-k-dp-Ifpw ]d-h-Ifpw a\p-jy-\ps-Sp kkvX-\n-Ifpw ]cn-W-an--Xv.
sNInf, sNXp-, Dd-p Nnd-Ip-I
Fnh IqSmsX izmk-tIm-ihpw Abhp Igppw \ Dd-p AkvXnIq-Shpw Xnm-en-n-\p-m-bn-cp-p.
BZy-Ime Ic-Po-hn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-XI- f m- W n- h . IqSp- X ka- b hpw Pen Xs-bm-bn-cn-Ww Ah Ignn-cp--Xv. \psS ssI-Im-ep-I-fnse
AkvXn-I-fnse LS-\bpw Xnm-en-nsXpw Xn kam-\-X-I-tf-sd-bp-v.
Poh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ]cn-Wm-a-ns
Ghpw hen-b sXfnhp IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv.''
(amXr-`qan Bgv--Xnv Pq 713 t]Pv
44).
Fm \yqtbmv ssSw- k p- w
\mj-W Pntbm{K-^nv \yqkpw ]dXv ""CXv Hcp-]-t \jvS-amb Hcp
In-bmImw''- Fp-am-{X-amWv. Xnmen-ns Nnd-Ip-Iv BIvkn-b
kv I en- knkv hpambn _n- np bmsXmpw Xs-bn FXv
hfsc {][m-\-s Hcp hkvXp-X-bmWv.
ImcWw ssIIm-ep-I-fnse AkvXn-IIv ico-c AkvXn-I-fp-ambn _an-msX \Sw Hcn-epw km[y-a-.
am{X- a ; Xnm- e n- ns e`y- a mb
apNnd-Ip-I-fn ay--fp-tSXv t]mse appI t]mep LS-\-IfmWv
D-Xv. ssIIm hncep-If
- psS AkvXnI-tfmSv Chv kam-\-X-I-fp-an-. BbXp-sImv Xs ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-bmb
sP\n-^ mv (Imw{_nPv bqWn-thgvknn) ]dp: ""Xnm-env Ic-bnse
\s- p- Pohn- I - f psS t\cn- p
]qhnI-\m-sWv ]d-bm km[y-a
Xs''(Atkm- k n- t bv {]v 2006
G{]n 5) IqSmsX, asmcp ]cn-WmahmZn hnt^mUv ]dp: ""Xnmenv Hcp ayw Xs-bmWv'' (\yqtbmv ssSwkv, 2006 G{]n, 6)

Xe-ap-X Igp-pssSbp Hcp

IjvWw am{X-amb Cu t^mkn-ens
_-m-n- `mKw Fs--dn-bmsX Xs
Nn{Xo- I - c - W hpw `mh- \ m- h n- e m- k hpw
\Sn ""imkv{Xobm]-{K-Y\w'' Fp
hnfn-p- coXnsb kXy-n FmWv hnfn-t-Xv?
sF-U- H-cp- tN-cm-- I-nCcw \qem-am-e-In-S-bn-emWv

sPkv {^mk ]d-Xv ImWpI:""sFU- \psS apXp-ap--n-bmsWv

]d-bm-\m-In-s-nepw Hcp-]t Ah
\psS hy hy hy-mbn Bbn-cpn-cn-mw'' sFU IYIfp-ambn DucpNp-p--h ]t 1971 Utah \nv
e`n Moab Mant^mkn-ep-Isfpdnv
au\n-I-fm-Wv. Utah se henb ]md-tiJ-c--Sn-bn 50-- 100 ao ASn
XmgvNb
- n e`n Ftmfw a\p-jy-t^m-

bp-m-bn- \n-p-w- I-s-Sp-- sam-B-_v-am- t^m-kn-

sFU-bpsS hchv. Pa-\n-bn \npw

Innb sFU t^mkn-en\v Ctm-gp
ena Ipc-p-I-tfm-SmWv kmay-ap--Xv.
ena-dn \nv hyXykvXamb ap]pIfp-sSbpw \J--fp-sSbpw LS-\-I amn \nn-bm CXn\v ena-dp-I-fn \nv henb hyXym-k--sfm-p-an-. sFU-bpsS hnc-ep-Ifpw \J-fpw a\p-jycp-tS-Xn\v ka-amWv Fv ]cn-Wm-a-hmZn-I ]d-bp-p. Fm AXns ]pI-sfmw Xs XnIpw Ipc-
- m-cpsS
]p- I v kam- \ - a m- s W Imcyw
kuI-cy-]qhw ad-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Xpdnv t\sc t\mp Ip-I-fmWv
sFU--bp-tS-sXpw AXv a\p-jy-t-Xn\v
kam-\-am-sW-p-amWv asmcp ham\w. Xe-tbm-n-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn
\npw Ins Ah Duln-m-saXv k-Xn-m Xs ChnsS sFUv ap Ipc-p-Isf At]-nv ]ptcmK-an KpW--fmWv Dm-bn-cp--sXv
hcp-p. Atm sFU-bn \nv Ipcn-se-n-b-tm ]cn-Wmaw ]nd-tIm- S n- p- s hv ]d- b mw. app- m- b n- c pXpw Hcp-]-t hwi-\miw kw`-hn-np--Xp-amb Hcp Ipcv F-msX
sFU--sb-p-dnv kXy-n Hpw ]dbm-\n-. sFU-sb-p-dnv AXv IsSp imkv { X- I m- c - m- c n Hcm- f mb

sSIvkm-knse t]mv F -e-n-\Spp\npw Is-Sp Im-tbmfw hep--ap

cv ]n-I-fpsS t^mkn-ep-Iv ]cn-Wm-a-hm-ZnI-fpsS Xs A`n-{]m-b-n Ime-\nW-co-XnI {]Imcw GXmv 225 aney hjw
]g--ap-v. AXm-bXv BntbmsSdn-]vkn-s\m 75 aney hjw app Xs ]n-I
\ne-\n-n-cp-p-sh--Yw

kn-ep-If
- mWv Moab Man t^m-kn-ep-I.
At\Iw ssU\-tkm t^mkn-ep-I
e`n-n-Sp \np Xs Is-Sp
Cu a\p-jy-t^m-kn-epIv 140 aney
hjw ]g--ap-f-f-Xmbn IW-m--sSp-p. ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-I CXv AwKo-Icn-p-n-s-nepw B {]tZ-ipmb
henb {]IrXn Zpc-
- n ssU\-tkmdp-I-tfm-sSmw Xs N-Snp t]mb-XmWv Cu a\p-jy-q--sa krjvSnhm-Zn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-hm-Zs ]qWambn \ncm-I-cn-m Ahv Ign-nn-.
ssU\-tkm-dp-Ifpw a\p-jycpw IqsS
t{]mtm Bhnkv ]n-Ifpw Hcp-anp
Ign Imew... ]cn-Wm-ah
- mZ In-I
Xmdp-am-dm-p ImgvN-I. \smcp
Nn{X-Im-c\v Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-m Is-Sp
sXfn-hp-I Xs Ahew_n-mw!
Umhns {]IrXn \n[mcWw hgn
Pohn- h K- Dm- h p- I - b n- s pw
AXn- \ p GIkm[yX ayqt- j
am{X-am-sWpw kaYn lyqtKm
Un{hnkv t\m_ km-\-tP-Xm-hmWv.
Atlw FgpXn: ""{]IrXn \nmcWn\v Hcp]t _ehms AXnPoh\s hniZoIcnm Ignsp
hcmw. Fm AXn\v _ehms BK-

2009 Pqsse--

a\s hniZoIcnm IgnbpIbn

Xs.'' (de Vries, Hugo (1905), Species
and Varieties: Their Origin by Mutation,
ed. Daniel Trembly MacDougal (Chicago, IL: Open Court).
CsXmw adp]nSnv amXr- ` qan
teJ-I ImWp kz]v\w AXn-Kw`ocw Xs. apXv hb-m-Ip--tXmsS
Znt\\ Hcp ew \yqtdm-Wp-I hoXw
a\pjyakvXn-jvI-n Nsm-Sp-p-

14

p-v Fv imkv{Xw hnfnp ]d-bptm ac-Wa

- n-m, {]mb-ta-dm Hcp
\mfsb kz]v\w Ip Ign-bm kz]v\Pohn-Iv Ign-bp-sa-nepw \ne-hn-ep bmYmYy-sf apJ-hn-e-s-Spv
Pohn-Xs [\y-am-p-I-sb--XmWv
D-ch
- m-Zn-t- _m-[hpw kmaqly {]Xn_--X-bp-ap _pn-im-en-I sNt-Xv.
Ref:
1.Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, Michael
Denton, 1985,London Burnett Books
2.Homology, an Unsolved Problem, Sir
Gavin de Beer, 1971,London Oxford university Press
3.Morell, Virginia , Archaeopteryx: Early
Bird Catches a Can of Worms, Science,
259:764-765, February 5, 1993.
4.Sunderland, Luther D.(1988), Darwin s
Enigma: Fossils and Other Problems (El Cajon,
CA: Master Books).
5.Hoyle, Fred, N.C. Wickramasinghe, and
R.S. Watkins (1986), Archaeopteryx, British
Journal of Photography, 132:693, June21
6. Wysong.R.L: The Creation-Evolution
Controversy, 1976, East Lansing MI: Inquiry
Press

am\-hnI sFIyhpw
GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw
Fw Fw AIv_

-I-am-p-Xv; Pohn-Xs {]Im-i-am\-am-p-X

- v. AsX; sFIy-tm-sSbpw
kvt\l-tm-sSbpw Pohn-p-Xv a\pjym-m-hns Zml-am-Wv. Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bpsSbpw Ass\-Iy-n-sbpw
\nan--sf Ah BXyn-I-ambn
shdp-p-p. Iem-]-fpw IjvS-m-Sp-Ifp-an-m Hcp temIs Ah B{Kln-p-p.

kwL-\
-
- fpw kv]-bp-an-m-sX,
kvt\l-tm-sSbpw kmtlm-Z-cy-tmsSbpw a\p-jy-scmw Pohn-p Hcp
temIs Ipdnv kz]v\w ImWm-h
-
Bcm-Wp-Xv? Cu kz]v\a
- m-Wv, kmlnXys Poh-p--Xm-p--Xv; Iesb
kmY-am-p-Xv; imkv{Xs Ne-\m2009 Pqsse--

15

Cu kz]v\-n\v a\p-jys D]n-tbmfw ]g--ap-v. Ass\-Iy-nsbpw Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bp-sSbpw \nan-s-Xnsc i-ambn i_vZn

F{Xtbm alm-c-Y-m Ncn-{X-Im-e-n\p apv Ignpt]mbn. Ahsc Ipdnv
\ap-p Adnhv Xptemw ]cn-an-Xa
- m-Wv.
alm-\mb tamkkpw an-Xp thn
i_vZn I^yq-jkpw kvt\lw {]Ncn-n tbiphpw XymK-ns ZqX-\mb
{io_p\pw a\p-jyp thn t]mcmSnb tkm{I-okpw Ak-aX
- z-n-s\-Xnsc
hmtfm-nb emthm-Xvsk-bp-samw Chcn Nne am{X-am-Wv. kaq-l-ns
\p thn i_vZn Ch-cn ]epw kaqlw km-\n-Xv ac-p-cn-ipw,
apn-co-Sh
- pw, hnj-tm-b
- pw, XS-
]mf-b--fp-am-bn-cp-p. sFIy-ns
Atm-kvX-e-msc Ass\-Iy-ns
]Wn-bm-fp-I-fmbn Ah-X-cn-nv Xnsm-pI-sb X{-amWv Fm-epw Ak-Xy-ns Imhm ]bn-bn-p--Xv.
1516 {]kn-o-I-cn--s tXma-kvaq-dns "Dtm-nb'bpsS D-Sw kaXz-kp--c-amb temI-sa a\pjy[njW-bpsS tX-ns km^-ey-am-Wv. 1602 tXmakv Imws]-\--sb Cm-enb Xz Nn-I-s\-gp-Xnb "Zn knn
Hm^v Zn k' F ]pkvXI
- hpw CtX
CXn- h r- - a psm- p- p. kXykcpw kvt\l-k
- q-cp-amb X]vtdmms\ Zzo]p-\n-hm-kn-I! Ahv Ielhpw kv]bpw ]cn-N-b-an-. sFIytm-sSbpw kln-jvWp-X-tbmsSbpw
P\- Pohn-p Hcp kpc \K-cw;
AXmWv kqcy-\-K-cw. A-s\-sbmcp
kqcy-\K
- cw bYmY-n \ne-\npn--tm-sbv Xs IrXn-bpsS Ahkm-\-n Imws]-\- k-S-s-Sp-pv. ap a\p-jy-cp-ambn sFIy-s-Sp-Xn\pw Hp-tN-cp-X
- n-\p-amWv a\p-jymmhv Bin-p-s
- Xpw Bm-hns
Blzm\w sNhn-sm-p-p-sh-n
C-cw sFIyw t\Sm km[n-p-sapamWv Xs IrXn P\-v \Ip kt-i-sa-mWv Imws]-\ ]dbp--Xv.
a\pjymmhv, sFIyhpw klnjvWpXbpw klhnXzhpamWv BXynIambn B{KlnpsXn ]ns FpsImmWv kv ] bpw

IqSnbmWv.
Hmw temI alpbpn Zb\obamb ]cmPbw t\cnv \ncmi-cmbn
IgnbpIbmbncp P P\Xsb
XnbpWn, Ahcn Bthins hnpI ]mInb AtUm^v
lnvedmbncpp cmw temI almbpnse \mbI. kpNnX tZiobXbpw hKobXbpw hwiobXbpw
Atlw PImcn Ipnshp.
temIn Ghpw Da bqtdm]ymcpw Ahcn t\mUnIv hwiPcpw

Ass\-Iy-n-sbpw Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bp-sSbpw
\nan--s-Xnsc i-ambn {]-Xn-I-c-n
F{Xtbm alm-c-Y-m Ncn-{X-Im-e-n\p apv
Ignpt]mbn. kaq-l-ns \p thn
i_vZn Ch-cn ]epw kaqlw km-\n-Xv
ac-p-cn-ipw apn-co-S-hpw hnj-tm--bpw
XS]mf-b--fp-am-bn-cp-p
kwL\fpw c-sNm-cn-n-ep-Ifp-apm-hpXv?
Cu \qmnse Ghpw ZmcpWamb
Zpcambncpp AWpt_mw_v kvt^mS\w. 1945 BKkvv Bdn\v lntcmjnabnepw HXn\v \mKkmnbnepw
AWpt_mw_v hjnsp. Hcp \nanjw! shdpw Hcp \nanjw sImv Hcmbncw kqcymcpsS inbp AXn_rlmb Hcp AntKmfw BImintepbp. cmkobamb Hcp
taL]Sew Cu {]`sb ]npSp. Cu
]pIbn FcnaXv aqp ew
a\pjyPoh\pIfmbncpp. eWn\v a\pjy AWp{]kcWtav
\nXytcmKnIfmbnop. tdUntbj Zpcns kXnI CpanhnsS acnmsX acnpsImv Pohnpp.
\mknkw Hcp Zp`qXw t]mse
temIcmjv{Sp apIfntev Xs
{ZwjvS \onbtm AXp XSptXv BhiyamsWp IcpXnb imkv{XamcpsS krjv S nbmbn- c pp
AWpt_mw_v. AXnse icnbpw sXpw
]cntim[npn; GXmbncpmepw
{]kvXpX Zpcns {]Xnqn
\npXv Atacn am{Xa; {]XypX \mknksa kpNnX tZiobX

2009 Pqsse--

16

Ahcn PImcpw Ahcn BcymcpamsWmbncpp lnv e dp- s S

hmZw. "kq lyqa _ovkv' Bb
P BcymmWv temIw apgph `cnm\p AhImisav Atlw knmnp. PImcnse
Alwcmjv { S`mhsbpw hwiobhKobkpNnX Xztfbpw
Do]nnm\tln\v km[np.
1933se sXscsSpn h `qcn]tmSp IqSn Nmkedmbn sXscsSps Atlw Hcp hjn\p
tijw {]knUp ]Zw IqSn GsSppIbpw "t\Xmhv' FYw hcp "]yqd' F m\tcp kzoIcnv P\nbpsS GIO{Xm[n]Xnbmbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
P\nbpsS `cWm[nImcnbmbn
amdnb DS Xs km{amPyXzhnIk\n\p {ia Atlw XpSn.
sImp sImp cmjv{Ssf IogSnsmv XpSnb Atlw Ahkm\w
t]mfv A{IantXmsSbmWv cmw
temI almbpw XpSnbXv. \o
Ap hjw \ne\n {]kvXpX bpw, lnvedpsSbpw `mcybpsSbpw BlXybn IeminpIbpw Ahkm\w
Bwt_mw_v hnkvt^mS\tmSpIqSn
Xncioe hogpIbpw sNbvXp. cp tIm-

Sntbmfw ]mfm Cu bpn acnp. km[mcWmcpsS IWv CXnepsa{Xtbm A[nIamWv. 11,500 tImSn
Atacn tUmf bpn\p thn
sNehmbn. kpNnXtZiobX AYhm
tjmh\nkw krjvSn almhn]v!
Alwcmjv{S`mhw P\nsb Fn
]X\w!! Fnpw \mw ]Tnpn.
P\np hf cmPys kvt\lntXv Hmtcm a\pjycpsSbpw ISabmWv. cmjv{S kvt\lanmhv
B cmPyv Pohnphm\hImian.
FmWv cmjv{Skvt\lw? \mpIm
sNp sXpIsf apgph \ymboIcnptXm t\Xmsf Bcm[nptXm BtWm? Ab cmjv{Ss ASnaptXm A\y\mpImsc shdpptXm BtWm? AX, kzcmPyns ]ptcmKXnp thn {]hnptXm? \psS cmjv{S]nXmhmb
KmnPn Xs ]dbs. 1925 amv 12mw
XnXnbnse "bwKv Cy'bn Atlw

FgpXn. "Fs tZiobX Fs "kztZin'sb tmse Xs hnimeamWv.

temIn\p apgph t\apmnsmp CybpsS ]ptcmKXnbmWv Rm ImwjnpXv. ap cmjv{SfpsS \min \np CybpsS
Db Rm B{Klnpn.'
Fm, tZiobXbpsS t]cn
Cybnenv hfpsImncnpXv
kpNnXhpw {]Xntema]chpw bptmkpIhpamb tjmh\nkamWv. ^mkn-

knsbpw \mknknsbpw NphSpIsmnv Alwcmjv{S`mhhpw

hwiobXbpw A\yhKhntcm[hpw
{]Ncnnp sImp tjmh\nv
\ow cmjv{Sns \min am{Xta IeminpIbpqshXmWv Ncn{Xw \Ip ]mTw. Xo{htZiobXbmbncpp \mknknsbpw ^mknknsbpw NmeIin. Ahbvp-mb ]X\n\p ImcWhpw Cu Xo{htZiobX Xsbmbncpp. ^mkn-kn\pw \mknkn\pw kw`hn ]X\w Xs Cy tjmh\nk-n\p-

F kwLS\bpsS {][m\ eyw

Ipn-Ifn Alwcmjv{S`mhw IpnshpIsbXmbncpp. `mcXns
`qXImew kpchpw kpJkqWhpambncppshv hcpnophm\mbn krjvSnsXmWv "Bj`mcXw' F kw. Cu kns hn{KlhcWn\p ]nn
\tS ]d \mknNnbpsS XpS
am{XamWpXv. {]IrXn]qPbpw, aZymcm[\bpw, enwK{]XnjvTbpw \ne\nncp `mcXw; Aizta[bmKsa NIpXncbpambp ssewKnI _hpw,

\mknkw Hcp Zp`qXw t]mse temIcmjv{Sp

apIfntev Xs {ZwjvS \onbtm AXp
XSptXv BhiyamsWp IcpXnb imkv{XamcpsS
krjvSnbmbncpp AWpt_mw_v. {]kvXpX Zpcns
{]Xnqn \npXv Atacn am{Xa; {]XypX
\mknksa kpNnXtZiobX IqSnbmWv

mhpw; Xo.
\mknI D]tbmKn ktXp kam\amb ktX XsbmWv Cy tjmh\nkhpap]tbmKnpsX hkvXpXbmWv Gsd IuXpIIcambnpXv. P tZiobX hfm P\nbpsS `qXImew kpchpw karhpw kpJkqWhpambncppshv hcpnopIbmWv
\mknI sNbvXXv. 1938 cq]oIcns "lnve bqv Atkmkntbj'

2009 Pqsse--

17

\cta[bmKsa ]a\pjys _enbpw \ne\nncp `mcXw; ktlmZcn

ktlmZcam Xnepw, ]nXmhpw
aIfpw Xnepw ssewKnI _
\ne\nncp `mcXw; kaqlcXnbpw
\ \rfpw \ne\nncp `mcXw; kv{Xo amdpadpsImv hgnbnendn \SpIqSm Fv \nbaapmbncp `mcXw; "\xkv{Xo kzX{alXn'-sbv {]Jym]n `mcXw; ]qWK`Wnbmb `mcysb \ t]cn\p thn Imnept]npXv [amsWv ]Tnnncp `mcXw; _lp `Xrzsa tOkwkvImcw \ne\nncp `mcXw; NWvUmf\pw iq{Z\pw
]nsbbpw ]nsbbpw t]msebmsWv {]Jym]n `mcXw; sXmpIqSmbvabpw XonqSmbvabpw \ne\nncp
`mcXw; thiyIsf shv hcpam\apmnb cmPmmcpmbncp `mcXw;
NXnbpw h\bpw sNbvXpw Ahnizmk hfnbpw JP\mhv kamnbncp `cWm[nImcnIfpsS
`mcXw; CXmWv "Bj`mcXw.' CXns\bmWv almb kmwkv I mcnI
ss]XrIambn hntijnnsSpsX hkvXpX Fpam{Xw klXm]mla!
`mcXob `qXImes XakvIcnp
ImWnpIsb eyw \apn.

Cybmbmepw Ctymt\jybm-bmepw Atacnbmbmepw Atd_ybmbmepw, Hcp cmjv{Shpw `qXImew ]qWambn \Xmbnnmbncppshv kqNnnpIam{XamWv Dtiyw. aplZv \_n
P\n Atd_ybn XsbmWv
A_qPlepw P\nXv. JpB AhXcnn abn XsbmWv "apA' XqnnSncpXv. `qXImens hn{KlhcWw Hcp cmPyn\pw A\ptbmPyamhpIbn. `mcXob
`qXImen\pw \Xpw Nobp-ap-mbncpp. tKmfimkv{X]T\
\Sncp Cybn, cmlpsh kw hngppXn\memWv N{\pw kqcy\pw {KlWw kw`hnpsX
hnizmkhpw \ne\nncpp. BbpthZw DpwKXbnsenbncp Imep
XsbmWv bfneqsS ]p{Xmsc krjvSnp hnZybpw ChnsS ]ptcmKanXv. Cu cp hifpw ImWmXncnpXv tZiobXb; tjmh\n-k-

\pw thn \mknI D]tbmKnncp

Bbp[fn Hmbncpp s\mkv{SmUakns {]hN\. ]Xn\mdmw
\qmn {^mkn Pohn, tPmky-\mb anJmtb s\mkv{SmUakv Xs am ]okmb "skNzdokn',
lnedpsS hnPbhpw P\nbpsS
]ptcmKXnbpw {]hNnnpsmbncpp {]NmcWw. Fs\bpw hymJym\nmhp s\mkv{SmUakns {]hN\fn NnesXSpv lnv e dpsS
tPmky\mbncp Im GWv {Im^v lnve-\p-Iq-e-ambn hymJym-\np-Ib
- mWv sNbvXX
- v. ]t, s\mkv{SmUakns {]hN\tfbpw {Im^vns hniZoIcWtfbpw sXnpsImv cmw temI almbpn P\n \new ]cnimbn; lnve BlXy
sNbvXp; {Im^vmIs lnvedpsS Xs clkytmeokmb "Ktm'Ifm ]nSnsp.
Cy tjmh\npIfpsSbpw

cp tImSntbmfw ]mfm cmw temI almbpn

acnp. 11,500 tImSn Atacn tUmf bpn\p thn
sNehmbn. kpNnXtZiobX AYhm tjmh\nkw
krjvSn almhn]v! Alwcmjv{S`mhw P\nsb
Fn ]X\w!! Fnpw \mw ]Tnpn
amWvtjmh\nkamIs cmjv{Sn\v
lm\nIchpamWv.
cmwtemI almbpImev P P\XbpsS hocyw h[nnpXn\pw Ahsc Bthi`cnXcmpXn-

{][m\s Bbp[fnsemmWv
s\mkv{SmUakns {]hN\. temIw apgph lnp `cnpsav s\mkv{SmUakv {]hNnnpsmWv {]NmcWw. CXn\p thn hnhn[ Cy

2009 Pqsse--

18

`mjIfn Ch ]pkvXsagpXnbnpv.
t`mPvcmPvZznthZnbpsS "s\mkv{SmUmw
Io `hnjy hmWnbmw', AtimIv Ipam
ibpsS "s\mkv{SmUmw Io kqW `hnjy hmWnbmw' kamsskZnbpsS "hnizhnJymX `hnjythXm
\mkvs{XZakvIn `hnjy hmWnbmw'
XpSnb lnn ]pkvXIfpw kn.Pn
lncWy FgpXnb "lnp sUkvn\n
C s\mkv{SmsUakv' F Cwojv
]pkvXIhpw ]n.Fkv.Fkns "s\mkv{SmUakns {]hN\' F aebmfw ]pkvXIhpw Cu eyn\p
thn FgpXshbmWv. km[mcW
lnpnSbn, lnpaXw temIs ASn `cnpsa anYym[mcW
hfn, AXn\p thnbp A[zm\w hrYmhnemhpIbns hnizmkapmpIbpw As\ apkvenwIsXnscbp kacn Ahsc _enbmSmpIbpw sNpIsb eyamsX asmpw Cu ]pkvXIp
]nnen. apkvenwIsf ImSmcpw Ahcn \nv temIs cnp lnpsf kmwkvImcnI kcpambnmWv Cu ]pkvXIfn Nneh {]Xn]mZnpXv. apkvenwIsXnscbp kacw Ncn{Xns A\nhmcyXbmsWv hcpnopIbmWv Cu
cN\IfpsS AXynIeyw. s\mkv{SmUakns {]hN\sf X\n\pIqeambn D]tbmKn lnvedpsS ]X\amWv khW \mknIpapmhpIsbpdmWv.
Hcp FXncmfnbnmsX tjmh\nkn\v hfcphm\mhn. lnve FXncmfnIfmnbXv PqXmscbmWv. P\nbn hyhkmbhpw hmWnPyhpw \Sn kam[m\tmsS Pohnp hcnIbmbncp blqZmsc cmPyt{Zmln-Ifpw NqjImcpambn \mknI ap{ZIpn. AhsXnsc P BcymcpsS hnImcw Bfnnp. PqXkapZmbn P\npshXpsImp am{Xw B_v sFbn, knv
t{^mbvUv XpSnb hniz{]kn imkv{Xm ]oUnnsp. Ah
P\nbn \npw ]emb\w sNbvXp.
bqZimkv { Xs hn]mS\w sNbv X v
Bcyimkv{Xs {]XnjvTnpI F
eytmSpIqSn lnvedpsS kl{]hI\mbncp sldnv lnwf

"Bcytkm^nkw' F Hcp knmw

Xs ]Sp. blqZmsc tImkt{Sj IympIfn ]dbv AXnITn\amb tPmenIsfSpnp. tPmensbSpm IgnbmXncp hrmscbpw
IpnIsfbpw Poht\msS Inp
shodmn. \mkn tImkt{Sj IympIfn \nv csSphm\mbn Hcp Iqw blqZm \Snb
AXnkmlknIamb IY ]dbp "Zn
FkvtIv {^w tkm_n_tdm'sb
tUmIypsadn GsXmcp inetbbpw
Icbnnm t]mXmWv. Cu {IqcXIfpsSsbmw ImcWsamsW-
tNmZyn\v lnvedpsS hnZqjI\mbncp Ko_kv \Inb adp]Sn hnlw dolv Xs "Zn amkv ssktmfPn
Hm^v ^mknkw' F ]pkvXIn
Dcnppv . AXns\bmWv
"Bscnepw \nfpsS AbpsS apJv NmhmdpsImSnm \nfbmv \n ]dbptam? C{]Imcw sNph a\pjy\; arKamWv. \psS
amXrcmPyamb P\nbpsS apJv
Fsmw hrntISpIfmWv Cu
blqZm ImnqnbXv. Ah \psS hwis IfsSpn. \psS
in tNmnfp. \psS ]cakXysf \innp. Hcp blqZs\m Xobmbpw PoWXbpsS {]Xncq]amWv.' (]pdw 47)
tjmh\nkns Cybnse
FXncmfnbmb Ckveman\pw apkvenwIpsaXnsc Dbn Btcm]Wfpw Ko_kv blqZmsXnsc
Dbn Btcm]Wfpw kam\fmWv. Cy tZiobXbn Aenp
tNcmhcmWv apkvenwIsfpw `mcXs amXmhmbn AwKoIcnmnStmfw Imew A{Iaw XpScpsapamWv hniZoIcWw. `mcXamXmhns Inse IcSpI \ow sNpIbmWv
lnp bphXbpsS IhysamWtm CubSpv tIkcn FgpXnbXv.
tjmh\nkw ChnsS shv hKobXbntev hgnamdpp.
Cybn hKobXbpw PmXobXbpw Cc km\fmWv. \mtSmSnIfmb Bcym k]vXknphntev IpSntbdnbXp apXmWv PmXobXbpsS
Ncn{Xamcw`npXv. EtKzZImep
Xs PmXobXbpsS ssiihcq]amcw-

`qXImens
hn{KlhcWw
Hcp cmPyn\pw
A\ptbmPyamhpIbn. `mcXob
`qXImen\pw
\Xpw Nobp-apmbncpp.
tKmfimkv{X]T\ \Sncp
Cybn, cmlpsh kw
hngpp-Xn\memWv N{\pw
kqcy\pw {KlWw
kw`-hn-psX
hnizm-khpw
\ne\nn-cpp
`np Ignncpp. thZfn {][m\s EtKzZnse ]mw aWvUew,
sXmqdmw kqw, ]{mas
Em- W v NmXphWy hyhv
ASnd ]mInbXv . knp\ZoXSkwkvImcs \innpsImv k]vXknphntev IpSntbdnb {]mIrXcpw
A]cnjv I rXcpambncp Bcym
]ehn[ {IqcXI sNbvXpsImmWv
BZnhmknIfmbncp {ZmhnUmcpsS
ta B[n]Xyw m]nXv. ChnSps BZnhmknIsf am\knIhpw
imcocnIhpambn ASnaIfmm thn ]SXmWv bYmYn NmXphWy hyh. AXn\mbn ssZhkhpw ]ctemIhnizmkhpw t]mepw
Xncpm Bcym aSnImWnn.
{_mhns Xebn \nv krjvSnh\mWv {_mWs\pw ImepIfn
\nv ]Ssh\mWv iq{Zs\pw
hcpnov {_mWta[mhnhpw iq{Z]oU\hpw Ddp hcppXn\mbnmWv \ncmImc\mb ]ca]pcpj\v
ssIImepI knXv. {_m-Wcpw ap khcpa\p`hnp kpJkuIcy AhcpsS apkpIrX-

2009 Pqsse--

19

ns ^eamsWpw iq{Z\pw NWvUmf\pw apn ]m]w sNbvXhcmbXn\m Ahc\p`hnp IjvSmSpI \oXnIcWaln-ppshpw AStmSpIqSn khtkh\w sNpIsb kz[m\pjvTm\neqsS am{Xta Ahv tamw
e`npIbpqshpw hcpnopXn\p thnbmWv ]p\Pknmw ]SsXv. ssZhhnizmknepw ]ctemI t_m[nepw Ifapm-nsmmWv Cybnse Ghpw
henb kpNnXXzamb PmXnhyh
\ne\nsXYw.
khm[n]Xyne[njvTnXamb
kmaqlyhyhnXnbmb NmXphWyhyhbpsS kwm]\n\p
thnbmWv `KhZvKoXbpw {ioic\psamw hmZnpXv. NmXphWyhyh \ne\nncp Imes tIcfns Nn{Xw Ipamc\mims "Zpch'
"NWvUme`npIn' XpSnb Imhyfn ImWm Ignbpw. sXmpIqSmbvabpw XonqSmbvabpw aX\nbaambncpp. Xmgv PmXnmc\v ]Tnmt\m
DtZymK\nba\w e`nphmt\m

AhImiapmbncpn. Ahkv{XoI amdp adm ]mSnmbncpp. Ah XfpsS hmXnepI khp thn GXp \nanjhpw XpdpsImSpWambncpp. Ahfpambn {_mW _spmb IppfpsS ]q DchmZnzw Ahmbncpp. CXmWnhnsS \ne\nncp
"kw_'ns \nbaw. {_mW\v
iq{Zkv{Xobpambn ssewKnI_ntesSmw. ]s Ah \Ip
shw IpSnm ]mSn. Fsmcp
hnNn-{X \nbaw!
khm[n]Xyn\pw Ah]oU\n\psaXnsc i_v Z nhscsbmw sRnbpw apnbpw sIm
Ncn{XamWv ]utcmlnXyntXv .
_paXn\pw ssP\aXn\pw kw`-

hnXnXmWv. ]utcmlnXyns\Xncmbn iambn i_v Z n _ps

BZifntev P\ BIrjvScmbn. AtimIs `cWImev _paXw `mcXw apgph hym]np. tIcfnepw _paXn\v iamb kzm[o-\apmbncpp. sImSpq, Kpcphmbq, i_cnae, ImcntmSv, XpSnb {]kn t{Xsfmw _paXmcptSXmbncpp. Ch ]nSnsSpm-

\mbn BbncWn\v _p`npsf {_mW NXn{]tbmKneqsS

sImsmSpn. Cu t{Xfn
Cp \ne\np ]qcmv, ImhpXo XpSnbh _pmcn \nv
{_mWm Cu t{X ]nSnSnbXns kv a cW \ne\np
BNmcfmWv . _p`npfpsS
incv tOZnv Xmen shv ]ptcmlnXmsc kzoIcnm\bn- X ns
{]XoImIamb ]npSbmWs{X
Xmesmen. _paXns\ \innphm\m-bn hmIvssh`hap _p`npfn ]e-cp-tSbpw \mhv apdnsp.
]escbpw \mSpISn. _pkvXq] \innp. `npsfbpw `npWnIsfbpw Iqsme sNbvXp.

s\Xnsc i_vZn Zi\sfsbmw

B{IaWfneqsS \inn Ncn{XamWv BcyaXn\pXv.
tjmh\nkns Ckvemw hntcm[ thcpI nXn sNpXv ChnsSbmWv. CkvemanI{]t_m[Im
anj\dnamcmbnsm; {]XypX
IhSmcmbnsmmWv Cybntev hXv. Atd_ybn \npw
h AhcpsS PohnXss\aeyw Iv
khcpw Ahcpw AhcpsS aXntev BIrjvScmhpIbmWpmbXv . Ckv e manIilmZv Ahsc
kpNnXXzfn \nsmw kzX{amn. sXmpIqSmbv a bpsSbpw
XonqSmbvabpsSbpw Abnnsbpw PmXobXbpsSbpw Nesp-

Cybn hKobXbpw PmXobXbpw Cc

km\fmWv. \mtSmSnIfmb Bcym k]vXknphntev IpSntbdnbXp apXmWv PmXobXbpsS Ncn{Xamcw`npXv. EtKzZImep Xs PmXobXbpsS
ssiihcq]amcw`np Ignncpp

Fnpw _paXw \inn. Ahkm\w "ka\zb'sa X{neqsS _paXs {_mWaXn ebnnpIbmWv Ah sNbv X Xv . As\
_p-aXns PmXnhncp`mhsf
\innm {_mWv km[np.
hKobXbpsS Ncn{Xw shmcpsS BKa\tmSpIqSnb; {]XypX
BcymcpsS BKa\tmSpIqSnbmWv
Bcw`npXv. khm[n]Xyn-

2009 Pqsse--

20

I s]mnsdnp. Ahcmbn
P\nhcpw khcmbn P\nhcpw
apkvenwIfmbn amdnbtm kmtlmZcyns kzmZv A\p`hndnp. Ckvemw hfp. Cu hf, khm[n]Xyns InIpSn apnpsav
Ah Adntmtgpw kabw sshInbncpp. Ap apXv Ckvemans\ \innphm\p {iahpw XpSn.
Cu {iafpsS Ahkm\s aqcq]amWv "cmjv{Sob kzbw tkhIv
kwL'sa ^mknv kwLS\. Cybnse hKob Iem]fn anhbpsS ]nnepw Cu kwLS\bpsS IcfmWXv. Iem]fpsS eyamhs,
apkvenw Dqe\hpw khm[n]-Xyns kwm]\hpamWv. Cmcyw
kwLS\bpsS m]It\Xmfnsemcmfmb tKmhmdpsS ]Zfn
\nv kpXmcyw hyamhpp. Atlw ]dp "Cu kwLamcw`npXv
apkvenw AXn{Iasf {]Xntcm[npXn\p am{Xa, {]XypX {]kvXpX
tcmKs ]qambpw CmXmphm thnbmWv.'
lnphKobXsb {]Xntcm[nm
Ckv e manI Xo{hhmZsa ssien

CkvemanI[ym]\p hncpamWv. hKob kwLS\Iv lnpfnse ipjv\yq\]sf am{Xta

kzm[o\nm Ignnpq. apkvenwIfnse Xo{hhmZ {]h\
`qcn]s apkvenwIsXncmphm am{Xta D]Icnq. "hKobXbpsS t]cn s]mcpXph\pw hKobXp thn acnph\pw \n
s]h\'sbmWv aplZv \_n
]TnnXv. kapZmbsa tIhekw Xs Ckveman\\yamWv. Ckveman "D'mWpXv. hnizmknIfpsS IqmbvabmWXv. hnizmknIp
P\n Ahnizmknbmb aI Cu
Iqmbvabnse AwKa. ]s, Xan

IffmsWpw \mw Ip. kpNnXXz \ne\npXv Cybn

am{Xa; temIn Hcp-hn-[-sam
{]tZ-ifnepw Hcp hn[nesn
asmcp hn[n kpNnXXz
\ne\npp. Cdm-n \njvI-f-cmb ss]X- D]-tcm[w sImpmb ]n-Wn-bm ]nSpacn-p-sImn-cp--tm P\m-[n-]Xy kwm-]\-s-p-dnv hmNm-e-cm-b-h; t_mkv\nbbn apkvenw tNmcsImv \ZnIfpw arX-tZ-l-sImv IppIfpw
Xoh; tkmamenbbn ]nWnsImv ]mIsftmse a\pjy acnp hoWtmfpw km{amPyXzns
tkh-\-s-p-dnv almb N-

Fs cmjv{Sw, Fs {]tZiw, Fs kapZmbw,

Fs PmXn, Fs hKw, Fs hw, Fs IpSpw_w, Rm aphtcm
Da\msWpw AXn\v am{XamWv bYmYn \ne\nphm
AhImiapXv Fpap NnbmWv Alw`mhw
XeIfp amXmfpsS afmbn ]ndp t]mbnsb Hscm ImcW-m
XesImsSp Ahbpmhptm anXcpsS sFIyapWnbpmhpI kzm`mhnIamWv. BlXym]camb {]Xn{Inbtbm hnthI]qhpw _pn]chpamb {]Xntcm[amWv
Ccw sFIythZnIfn \npmthXv. AX, A\ykapZmbtmSp
Aamb shdppw hntZzjhpamWv
Ccw sFIythZnI {]Zm\w sNpsXn Xobmbpw AXp kapZmbn\pw cmjv{Sn\pw lm\nIcamtb
`hnq.
Cybnse `mjm{]iv \ p
]nnepw BcyhcWns {ZwjvSfmWpXv. ip {ZmhnU `mjbmb Xangns\ Bcy`mjbmb kwkvIrXn ebnnphm \Snb ImbnI
]cn{ia ]cmPbsnSv, ka\zbsa BcyX{w {]tbmKnm\p X{XmSpIfmWnv \SpsImncnpXv. Cyp almb kmlnXykrjvSnIsfbpw kmlnXyImcmscbpw kw`mh\ sNbvX DdpZp `mjtbmSp hntcm[ns thcpIfpw
nXnsNpXv khhcWn XsbmWv. kwkvIrXns
en]nbmb tZh\mKcnbn FgpXs-

ncnp lnntbm A\p_`mjItfm ]Tnm Ahv AhImianmbncp ImemWv apkvenw cmPmm Ad_n en]nbpw As
kwkmc`mjbmbncp lnpm\nbpw Iqntv DdpZp F ]pXnb
`mj \nnpIbpw AXp ]Tnm
kh-sc t{]mkmlnnpIbpw
sNbvXXv. DdpZphneqsS hnm\ns shfnw ImWm Ign Ah temIsbpw kwkvImctfbpw Ipdnp ]Tnp. Ahcn ]ecpw ]utcmlnXyn\pw ASnan\psaXnsc t]mcmSn. hm{iahyh-bpsS hyamb \ntisXncmbncpp CXv. "iq{Z\v m\w sImSpcpXv' F icI]\bpsS {]tbmKw Akm[yamnbXv DdpZphmWv .
CXmWv DdpZp hntcm[ns Hmas ImcWw. apkvenwIsf kmwkvImcnIambn inYneoIcnpIsbXv
cmas eyamWv.
Cybnenv \ne\np
kpNnX tZiobX, hKobX, PmXobX, `mjm{`mv XpSnbh ]utcmlnXynsbpw m]\aXn-sbpw krjv S nbmsWpw ChbpsS
ASnm\w ssZhhnizmknepw
]ctemIt_m[nepapmnb

2009 Pqsse--

21

I kwLSnnh; temIcmjv{SfpsS apgph t]meokmbn Nabp

]mmXy km{amPyXzw; Ad_v
tZiobXbpsS kwcI\mbn Nav
Ipsshs sImpcmjv{Ss hngpm {ianv ]cmPbsh; Idphv kzw ]nIfpsS m\w t]mepw
\Im Xmdnm shm;
]ekvXo\nIfpsS `qan ISn blqZcmjv { Sw ]Wnbphv ]npW
]mSph; Cs\ t]mIpp Amcmjv{S cwKfnse kpNnXXz...
D\oNXz kzw hoSn\Ip
\npXs XpSpp. s]nt\mSp
AhKW\ DZmlcWw. Ahsf P\nphm t]mepw kXnmnStmfw \psS a\pI achnpt]mbncnpp. "Bw\ntbmskknkpw' "kvIm\nwKpw' \Sn K`iniphns
enwK\nbw \Sn s]mWv
]ndm t]mIpsXn sImpIfbm\p hnZybnv kpe`amWv. kv{Xo[\ns t]cn s]p Poht\msS ZlnnsSpp. kXnk{Zmbw hopw Dbsgptpp.
tZhZmkn k{Zmbhpw Hcp cp]nesn asmcp cq]n Cybnenpw \ne\npp. s]p ]nIfn t]mIm ]mSns ]mXnc hAfp-

I Cpw s]mSns]mSnpp. I\y-ImXzs hn{K-l-h-cnv kv{XoXz-ns ]qW-amb {]Im-i-\-n \nv

]mhw s]p-sf AIn \nn k`bpsS m]-\--fpsS \S-n-n\v Bw Iqp-hm Ahsc NqjWw sNp-Xns\ \mw tkh-\-sav Hma-\-t-cnn-cn-p-p. adp]pdv, s]ns kucyw hnv Imimp \oNhrnv
kaqlhpw cmjv{Shpw ]npW]mSpp.
Ahsf ]oUnnpp. Alamb
AhImi Ahv hIshp-

C\n \mw NnnpI. IpSpw_{]iv\ apX Amcmjv{S Iel

hscbphbpsS ImcWw Alw`mhfmsWv \mw a\nemn. Fs
cmjv{Sw, Fs {]tZiw, Fs kapZmbw, Fs PmXn, Fs hKw, Fs
hw, Fs IpSpw_w, Rm aphtcm Da\msWpw AXn\v am{XamWv bYmYn \ne\nphm AhImiapXv Fpap Nn-bmWv Alw`mhw. Cu Nn CmXm-pXneqsS am{Xta kwL\fn \npw kv]bn
\npw temIw apamhpIbpw a\pjy
sFIy- s SpIbpw
sNq. Cu Nn
CmsXbmphm

m- pXv kzImcy kmWv .

AXn\m kzImcykzv \innsSpIbpw kaqln s]mXpkzv F kw hfphcnIbpw thWw.
Rm F t_m[hpw FtXv F
Nn-bpw kaqlsa aqkn ebnp tNcWw. Cu Xzw a\pjys\ \nep Ahs khn-tijamb AkvXnXzs \ntj[npp.
Hcp Xzimkv{Xn\pw Alwt_m[w \innm\mhn. AXpsIp Xs am\htNmZ\sXncmbncpp amIvknkw; AXmWXns ]X\n\p Hmas ImcWw.
A`uXnIamb Hnsbpw AkvXnXzw AwKoIcnmXncp amIvknkw,
Hcp Xcnep Alw`mhw krjvSnpIbmWv sNbvXXv. a\pjys\bmWv

Ad_nbmbncpp
aplZv \_n
]s, Atd_y tZiobXbpsS
hmhmbncp-n. "Ad_n'v A\d_ntbm bmsXmcp HuXyhpansp
{]Jym]n Atlw kpNnXtZiobXbpsS
ISbvmWv In shncnpXv
sImSpm kaqlhpw cmjv{Shpw m]\aXhpsampw Xmd.
kaqlns ASnm\ t{iWnbpambn _s asmcp {]iv\amWv
kmnI D\oNXz. Almcnbm-b ]Wm ASp honse ]nWn-sb Ipdnv Xosc t_m[hm\m-Ipn. ]Ww sImv ]Ww sImpIsb
Xzimkv{Xns {]tbmKn-emWv Ahs apgph {i. ]mhs-hs\ NXcpw CSnpIenbpw Acp-IpSnpt]mepw ]WapmpXn
Ah sXsmpw ImWpn. k-s s]mhpw Dbbpw ]mh-shcn Akqbbpw sshcmKyhpw hfpp. X\nv Ahkcw e`nptm [\nIt\mSv ]IcwhoWsa Nn
Ahs\ A\mpp. [\nIZcn{Z
kwL\fntev \bnpXv Cu
BXynIXIfmWv. Ccw kmnI{]iv\- Xs-bm-Wtm Cv
km-nI temIs {]Xn-k-n-bntev \bn-n-cn-p-Xv.

Bm-Wv IgnbpI. `uXnI {]Xy-bimkv{Xp Ignbp-tam? Cu \qmns XzNnsbv km{Xv hntijnn amIvknkw DZm-lcWambn
FSppI. `qanv apIfnep- Hcp hn[sam {]iv\sf Ipdnpw N- sNp amIvknkw Hcp kq-W-{]Xybimkv{XamWv. Fnpw Cu Xz-imkv{Xw ]cmPbsp. Iyq-Wnk-ns ]dpZokbn P\ IyqWnks IpgnpaqSn. Zmi\nI-Ncn{X-ns hnimeamb NhpsIm--bn A\ib\nemWnv, amIv-knkw.
amIvknkns ]X\n\v Hne[nIw ImcWfpv. AXv ]Zm-Ys am{XamWv IXv; a\pjys\ In. ]ZmYns kenXcq]fn A]w koWamb Hp am{XamWv amIvknv hoWn a\pjy. a\pjy\nse kpNnXXz
CmsXbmWsan Rm F
t_m[w Xs CmsXbmWsamWv AXv knmnXv. Alwt_m[ap-

2009 Pqsse--

22

{]]nse DXinbmbn {]XnjvTnXv. a\pjy\v apIfn Bcpan.

amIvknsbpw GwKknsbpw Kpcphmb epUvhnwKv t^mb_mv Xs
"Fskv Hm^v {Inkvym\nn' F
]pkvXIn "a\pjy\mWv {]]nse ssZhw' Fp kaYnppv. Cu Nn Alw`mhw hfn.
men\pI krjvSnssXs\bmWv, Ah {IqcmcmbXv kzm`mhnIw am{Xw. Cu {IqcXI t]mepw a\pjysc sFIysSppXn\m-sWv
hymJym\nsXmWv hnNn{Xam-bnpXv.
amIvknkns ]X\tmS\p_nv , Cybnse NphcpIfn
{]Xys "amIvknkn \npw
am\hZi\ntev' F ap{ZmhmIyn h Igpaptm? ]cammhns AwiamWv Pohmmsh
AssZzXZi\w BcnIamb ]mckv]cyntepw XZzmc am\h sFIyntepamWv \bnpsXpw

AXn\m am\hcminsb \bnm

AssZzX NnmKXnpam{Xta km[npIbpqshpamWv Cu ap{ZhmIyw
AampsXpamWv hymJym\nsXv . AssZzXmNmcy\mb {io
ics IrXnIfneqsS ISpt]mbm Cu AhImi hmZfnsempw bmsXmcp Igpansv a\nemIpw.
hm{iahyhbpsS kwm-]\n\v iambn {ian {io ic
iq{Z]oU\sf t{]mkmlnnbmfmWv. Xs {_kq{X `mjyn
"iq{Z thZw Dcnm \mhv Adpp
thsSpWw. thZw tIm ImXn Cubw Dcpn HgnWw. thZa{ Dcnm sImWw. iq{Z\v m\w sImSpcpXv.' Fpw apw AknKvZambn In {ioicmNmcycpsS
AssZzXZi\amWv "am\hZi\'ambn AhXcnnsSpXv. tjmh\nkns am\hnIkn kh am{Xta Dsmppqshv
kmcw.
\mw Ncn{Xw ]cntim[npI. kpNnXXzfn \npw apambn klnjv W pXtbmsS P\w Ignncp
GsX-nepsamcp kapZmbw Ncn{Xnepmbnptm? Fn B kapZmbns ASnm\Zi\sambn-cpp? P\ Xn Xnbncp
]ucmWnIImev a\pjysc Hnnphm GIssZhhnizmkn\p
km[nncppshmWv {]K` Ncn{X
Zmi\nI\mb tKmU ssNUv
]dbpXv. GIssZhn a\pjyscmw hnizknp Hch kwPmXambtm kzm`mhnIambpw BcnI]mckv]cyhpw sFIyhpw kmtlmZcyhpapmbnsbmWv Atlw Xs "hmv
lmUv C lndn' F ]pkvXIn kaYnpXv. ImSw hnpamdnbncpnm {]mIrX a\pjys\
Hnnm\pw ktlmZcmcmm\pw
GIssZhhnizmkn\p km[np-shn, ImSntev Xncnpt]mbnsmncnp B[p\nI a\pjys\bpw sFIysSpm\pw klnjvWpX
]Tnnm\pw GIssZh hnizmkn\p am{Xta Ignbq.
GIssZhhnizmkap]tbmKnpsImmWv {]hmNIm a\pjysc HnnXv. temI{kjvSmhpw Hcp inbpap-

s tIhe hnizmka. {]XypX B

inIp am{Xta Bcm[\Ifnppsh {]Jym]\w IqSnbmWv
GIssZh hnizmkwsImv AYampXv. tamsi {]hmNI ]dp
"C{kmbose tI \psS ssZh-amb Imhv GI Imhv' GI\mb
Imhns\ am{Xw Bcm[nm ]mSppsh Xzw hfsc iambn Xs ]Tnn {]hmNI\mWv tbip. At-lw ]dXmbn ambn Dcnpp. "\ns Imhns\ \akvIcnv
Ahs\ am{Xta Bcm[nmhq.' (4:10)
BcymKa\n\papv Cybn
\ne\nncpXv GIssZhhnizmkambncppshXn\v hyamb sXfnhpIfpv. thZfnse Nne {]mY\I-fpw
D]\njZvkqfpw Cmcyw hyampp. H-cp- E-tKz-Zk
- qIvXw- t\m-pI:ln-c-Wy-K-`x- k-a-h-- Xm-t{K`q-X-ky- Pm-Xx- ]-cn-tX-I- B-kn-Xvk-Zm-[m-c- ]r-Yn-how,- Zym-ap- tX-amwI-kv-ssa- tZ-hm-b- l-hn-jm- hn-t[-a.(B-Zn-bn- ln-c-Wy-K--`- am-{X-taD-m-bn-cp-p-q.-- A-h-\mWv- k-I-e- `ph-\
- f
- p-sS-bpw- A-[o-im-[n-Im-cn.- A-h`q-an-sb-bpw- kz K-s-bpw- A-X-Xp- kvYm-\
- f
- n- kvY
- m-]n-p.- A-h\
- n-\n-mWv- k-h- N-cm-N-c--fp-ap-m-b-Xv.- temIw- ap-gp-h-- A-h-s-d- I]\-I-- A\p-kc
- n-p-p.- A-Xn-\m- A-h\
- p- am-{Xwl-hn--n-pI)- (E-tKz-Zw- 10:121:1)
Nne D]\njpI _lpssZhmcm[\sb XpdsXnppv.
\- X-ky- I-iN
-v n-X-v ]-Xn- A-kX
-v n- temtI\- tN-in-Xm- ss\-h- N- X-ky- enw-Kw\- Im-c-Ww- I-c-Wm-[n- ]m-[n-t]m\- Nmky- I-iN
-v n-X-v P-\n-Xm- \- Nm-[n]x(A-h-\p- Xp-ey-am-bn- tem-I-n-emcpan-.- A-hn-St- m-Sv- B-PvRm-]n-m- Bcp-an-.- A-hn-S-t-v- Zr-iy-am-b- A-S-bmf-hp-an-.- k-h-n-s-d-bpw- Im-c-W-I-m-hm-b- A-h-\v- Im-c-W-m-c-\m-bnBcp-an-.- A-hnS-t-v- P-\-bn-Xm-th-mA-[n-]-Xn-tbm- B-bn- Bcp-an-)- (tiz-Xi-X-tcm-]-\n-j-- v- 6:-5)\- X-{X- kq-tcym- `m-Xn- \- N-{- Xm-cI
- wt\-am- hn-Zyp-tXm- `m-n- IptXm-- b-aK
- \
v nxX-ta-h- `m-w- A-\p-`m-Xn- k-hwX-ky- `m-km- k-hw- C-Zw- hn-`m-Xn(A-hn-sS- ]-c-{_-lv-a-n-\p- ap-n-

2009 Pqsse--

23

kq-cy- t- \m- N-{-t\m- \-{X-t- fm- {]Imin-p-n-;- C-Sn-an-- t]m-epw- A-hn-Ss- ap-n- \n-jv-{]-`-am-Wv.- ]n-s- CuA-Kv-\n- F-hn-sS?- k-z-bw-{]-Im-i-am-b- Ahn-Ss
- - {]-Im-i
- m-em-Wv- k-hX
- pw- {]Im-in-p-Xv-;- kh-Xn-s-d-bpw- {]-Imiw- A-hn-Ss
- - {]-Im-iw-Xs
- -bm-W)v- - (apWv-U-tIm-]\n-j-v- 2:-2:-11)A-i-co-cw- i-co-tc-jz-\- h-kv-tY-jyh-kv-Yn-Xwa-lm-w- hn-`p-am-Xva
- m-\w- a-Xzm- [o-tcm\-tim-N-Xn\-m-b- am-Xv-am- {]-h-N-t\-\- e-t`ym- \ta-[-bm- \-_-lp-\m-{ip-tX\b-ta-ssh-j- hr-Wp-tX- tX-\- e-`y(B- ]-cam-Xv-am-hv- A-kv-Yn-c-\pw- i-coc-ap-s-n-epw- hn-tZ-l\
- pw- A-N
- e
- \
- pwa-lm-\p-am-Ip-p.- B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hn-s\-n- A-dn-bp- Pv-Rm-\n- H-cn--epw- timIm-Xp-c-\m-hp-n-.- B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hv- hmn-\pw- Im-Xn-\pw- _p-n-pw- A-{]m-]yam-Wv.- F-m-,- B-cp-sS ta- A-h-\vIr-]-bp-tm,- A-h-\v- B- `m-Kyw- e-`n-pp.- F-sm,- A-h- Ir-]m-]m-{Xn- am-{X-ta- kz--bw- {]-Xy--s-Sp-Ibp-q-)- (I-tTm-]-\n-j-v- 1:-2:-22,-23)
AwXa {]hnintb
kw`qXn ap]mktX
Xtbm `qb ChtX
Xtam bXp kw`qXymw cX:
(\izcfmb tZh ]nXr am\hmZnIsf D]mknph Am\am-Ip tLmcmImcn ]Xnpp.
A\izc\mb ]cammhns\ Ipdnv
anYym`nam\tmSpIqSnbncnph\pw
tLmcmImcn Xs ]Xnpp)
(Cuimhmtkym]\njv: 12)
hn{Klsftbm ihIpSocsftbm hymPssZhsftbm Bcm[nphm ]mSnspw ]cammhv AYhm
]c{_w am{XamWv Bcm[\ls\pw ]Tnn D]\njpIf\p-kcnv `mcXob Pohnp Imev ChnsS klnjvWpXbpw kmtlmZcyhpw
\ne-\nncpp. PmXobXbpw hKobXbpw hfpXn\pthn Bcym
sNbvXXv GIssZh hnizmks \innpIbpw ]ctemIt_m[s amnadnpIbpambncppshv \mw apv
a\-nemnbnpv.
{InkvXphns hyamb I-

\IsXncmb, {Inkv X phns\bpw

I\ymadnbtbpw Bcm[np ss{IkvXhZi\nt\m, D]\njZvI]\Ip hncpambn cmat\bpw IrjvWt\bpw inhenwKtbpw XpfknsSntbbpw Bcm[np sslhZi\nt\m a\pjysc sFIysSpm\mhnspdmWv.
]qWamb AYn GIssZhhnizmkw \ne\npXv Cv Ckveman am{XamWv. t\mlbpw A{_lmapw ZmhoZpw tbiphpw `mcXob {]hmNImcpsamw {]t_m[\w sNbvX almb aXns t]cmWv Ckvemw.

hpw ]nXmmcpsS t]cnep s]cpa

\Snepw Ahkm\nnncnpp'shmbncpp.
aplZv \_n shfpbmfmbncpp. ]s, IdphtcmSv Atlw
hnthN\w ImWnn. Idphcn
Idph\mb _nemembncpp Atlns Ghpw ASp ktlmZcmcnsemcm. CkvemanI N-cn-{Xnse Ghpw henb hnPbamb amhnPbns {]Jym]\w \Sm Atlw \ntbmKnXv _nemens\bmbncpp.
aplZv \_n apkvenambncpp.

_dpw Idph\mb _nemepapv.

DSabmb A_qkp^vbm\pw ASnabmb
bmkndpapv. Jpssdinbmb JmenZpw
Jpssdinbm sskZpapv. JZoPbpw, Bbnibpw, AkvamDsamapv.
Ah Xn bmsXmcp hnthN\hpan. AhcpsS a\n IpnssZhtfm IssZhtfm C. GI\mb
{kjvSmhn\p apn am{XamWv Ah
kmjvSmwKw sNpXv. hcnhcnbmbn
\nv Hcp t\Xmhn\p Iogn \Sp
\akvImcn Dadn\Spv Dssadpw
A_q_dn\Spv _nemepambncnpw \npXv. Ah Xn sXm-

P\ Xn Xnbncp ]ucmWnI
Imev a\pjysc Hnnphm
GIssZhhnizmkn\p km[nncppshmWv {]K` Ncn{X Zmi\nI-\mb
tKmU ssNUv ]dbpXv.
GIssZhn a\pjyscmw hnizknp Hch kwPmXambtm kzm`mhnIambpw BcnI ]mckv]cyhpw
sFIyhpw kmtlmZcyhpapmbnsb
mWv Atlw kaYnpXv
Ay{]hmNI\mb aplZv \_n
Cu {]hmNImcpsS apgph ]nKmanbmWv. Atlns PohnXw \app apn Xpdpshsncnpp.
Ncn{XImev Pohn {]hmNIs
PohnXn \np am{Xta GIssZhhnizmkw a\pjysc Fns\bmWv
sFIysSpnbsXv a\nemhq.
aplZv \_n Ad_nbmbncpp:
]s, Atd_y tZiobXbpsS
hmhmbncpn. "Ad_n'v A\d_ntbm bmsXmcp HuXyhpansp {]Jym]n Atlw kpNnX
tZiobXbpsS ISbvmWv In shncnpXv.
aplZv \_n Jpssdinbmbncpp: ], tKm{XalnabpsS t]cn
Atlw Fsnepw AhImisncpn. amhnPbns kabv
hnip IAv _ mebn\p apn
\nv {]hmNI {]Jym]nXv "Amlp \nfpsS ]gb s]m{]IS\-

]s, apkvenambn FXns t]cn

am{Xw Atlw BcpsSbpw sXpIsf
\ymboIcnpItbm AapkvenwIv
\oXn \ntj[npItbm sNbv X n.
At-lw ]dp "Fs aI ^mna
Ifhp \Snbm AhfpsS ssII
Rm tOZnpw' kapZmbnI kpNnXXzn\v Atlw ]qWambpw FXncmbncpp.
aplZv \_n ]pcpj\mbncpp.
]s, kv{XoItfmSv Atlw hnthN\w ImWnn. kv{XoIv _m[yXIsftmse Xs AhImifpapsmbncpp Atlns A[ym]\w. kIehn[ kv{Xo]oU\psaXnsc iambn i_vZn alm\mb
hnhImcnbmbncpp Atlw.
aplZv \_nbpsS A\pbmbnhrs t\mpI. AhnsS ]Wmc\mb Dkvam\pw ]Wnmc\mb Dssadpapv. Ad_nbmb Dadpw A\d_nbmb
kam\papv. shfph\mb A_q-

2009 Pqsse--

24

pIqSmbvabn; XonqSmbvabn;
Abnan; kpNnXXzsfmpan.
Ahscmhcpw BmYambn GIssZhtmSv {]mYnpp. Hcpanv Hcpt]mse s\p ssII shp-sImv, Ahp apn kmjvSmwKw sNbvXpsImv... Ah Xn kv]bn,
hnthN\an, kpNnXXzfn. AhcpsS akcw Hscm eyn\p thnbmbncpp; kI IqSpX sNbvXv GIssZhm BZcnsSphcn ap]nbnsephm
thnam{Xw.
Ckvemw Cu cq-]nep sFIyw
km[nXv AXns ssZhkneqsS-bpw {]] kneq-sSbpamWv. Cu {]]s ]Sv ]cn]mennp in GI\mWv. Aht\mSv
am{Xta a\pjy Bcm[\Ifnphm ]mSpq. a\pjyt\m DX\mb Hcp inbps t_m[w Ah\nse Alw`mhsfmw XIpp.

shfphs\bpw Idphs\bpw khs\bpw Ahs\bpw hyXykvX

\mpIscbpw `mjmscbpsamw krjv-SnXv GI\mb {kjvSmhmsWp
hcptm Ah Xnep hnthN\ A{]kambn amdpp. almb B inp apn a\pjy\Sap NcmNcsfmw \nmcamsWv
hcptm "FtXmWv henbXv' F
Alw`mhw A{]kamhpp. Ahp apn am{Xw sNp kmjvSmwKw "Alw`mh'sfsbmw \innpp. AhnsS {kjvSmhpw krjvSnIfpw
am{Xw.
a\pjysc XneSnnpIbpw `nnnpIbpw sNpXn\pthn ]utcm-lnXyw ]SXmWv ]e hymPssZhtfbpsav ImWm\mhpw. ssZhfpsSbpw a\pjycpsSbpw CSbn a[yhnIfmbn Nav NqjWw sNpIbm-bncpp ]utcmlnXyns e-yw.
inh\mWv kis\v hmZn
ssihmcpw hnjvWphmWv ssZhfn {][m\nsbv hmin]nSn sshjvWhmcpw Xn a[yImep \S
c-cqnX Iem]fn \mbIXzw
hlnXv ]ptcmlnXmcmbncpp. ]Xn\m-bnc sImesNs {]kvXpX
kwL\ sImv t\apmnbXpw ]ptcmlnXm Xs. Ckvemw ssZhn\pw a\pjypanSbn bmsXmcp hn[ a[yhnIsfbpa\phZnpn. GIssZhns in, {]]w
apgph\pw hym]np InSppshpw
a\pjycpsS IWvT\mfntbm kao]\mWv Ahs\pamWv Ckvemw
]TnnpXv. Ah\ntev ASpphm CSbmfstbm ip]miIstbm
Bhiyan. Ah IcpWm\n[nbpw
]ca-ImcpWnI\pamWv. Xs ASnabpsS {]mY\v Dcw \Ip ZbmephmWh. Bpw Aht\mSv t\cnv
{]mYnmw. klmbf`yYnmw.
]utcmlnXyw Ckvemanensp am{Xa, AXns\ {]mtbmKnIambn \innm t]mXmWv Ckvemans A[ym]\. ssZhnsbpw aXnsbpw t]cn Ncn{XmXoXImew apXp Xs \ne\nncp NqjWp AdpXn hcppIbmWv ]utcmlnXy\ntj[neqsS Ckvemw sNbvXXv.

Ckvemans {]]kw a\pjysc DchmZnt_m[aph\pw

A`nam\nbpamn ampp. {]]w,
{_mhn\p ]nb Hcp A_m
krjv S nsXmsW ]pcmWkhpw ambbpw anYybpamsW
AssZzXmibhpw, ]m]kqWamsW ss{IkvXhhoWhpw Ckveman\v A\yamWv. {]]w ssZhns
krjvSnbmWv. krjvSnp]nn ki\p almb Nne eyfpv.
a\pjy\mWv krjvSnIfn Ghpw
Da. Nnmtijnbpw hnthN\ioehpap GIPohn a\pjy\mWv. Cu
`qanbnepssXmw a\pjyp thn ]SsXmW;v kzX{amb ssIImcyIrXzn\pw. a\pjycpsS
Ignhv ssZhns {]tXyIamb Zm\amWv. Cu Ignhv krjvSn]cambn hn\ntbmKnstSXv a\pjycpsS IhyamWv. AXn\h ssZhnI amK\ntZisf A\pkcnWw. Am
]w AXv hynbpsSbpw kaqlnsbpw \minemWv IeminpI.
{]]nse Dakrjv S nbmWv
Xms\ t_m[w a\pjycn BmYXbpw A`nam\hpw DchmZnzt_m[hpw hfpp. ssZhnI amK\ntif\pkcnp PohnXw Ahs\ hnaeoIcnpp.
a\pjy\nse "Rm'F t_m[w
\innm Ckvemw {ianpn. Fs IpSpw_w, Fs cmjv{Sw, Fs
k-v XpSnb t_m[ Hcp ]cn[n hsc BhiyamsWmWv Ckvemans ]w. AhbpsS eyw tIhew
XncndnhpI am{XamIWw. Ah
kpNnXhpw {]Xntema]chpambn-qSm a\pjy Xnep sFIyntbpw thXncnhnsbpw taJeIsf JpB hyambn \nhNnppv.
""tl a\pjysc, \nsf Rm
krjvS- nXv Hcp ]pcpj\n \npw Hcp
kv{Xobn \npamWv. \nsf tKm{Xfpw hKfpamn XncnncnpXv
]ckv]cw a\nempXn\p thnbmWv. \nfn \np ssZhn
Ghpw BZcWob \nfn Ghpw
[njvTbph Xsbmbncnpw.''
ChnsS tKm{Xnstbm hKnstbm AkvXnXzw JpB \ntj[npn. AhbpsS eyw ]ckv]cap

2009 Pqsse--

25

a\nemepI am{XamhWw. s]m {]IS\hpw Alw`mhhpambnqSmsbp \njvIjnpIbmWv sNpXv.

Hscm amXm]nXmfpsS afmWv
a\pjyscmw F JpB\ns A[ym]\hpw a\pjy Xnep AI Ipdpp. Ahsc ]ckv]cw ktlmZco ktlmZcmcmn ampp. Hscm
amXm]nXmfpsS afmWv a\pjyscmw F kpcamb krjvSnkn\p]Icambn `uXnIhmZnIv
AhXcnnm\pXv ]cnWmahmZ-amWv. shfp Bcym bYmY a\pjycpw Idp Gjym ]cnWmanse
\nIrjvSPohnIfpamsWv \mknI
{]NcnnXv Cu ]cnWmahmZns
ASnm\n \npsImmbncpp. Ckvemans kmtlmZcy kn-s ASnm\w "\nbw \nfpsS ssZhw Hv; \nfpsSsbmw ]nXmhpw Hcm Xs. Fmhcpw BZan
\nphcmWv BZtam an \npw'
F {]hmNIhN\n \np hyambn a\nemhppv.
GIssZhhnizmkne[njvTnXamb
PohnXZi\n\v AYhm Ckveman\p am{Xta a\pjysc sFIysSpm\pw kmtlmZcyw ]Tnnphm\pw Ignbq. app kaqlfnteXp t]mse
Xs ]utcmlnXyhpw \mmNmcfpw
krjvSn kpNnXXzv apkvenwkapZmbhpw hnt[bambnpsn
AXn\p ImcWw Ah XuloZn \npw {]hmNI{]t_m[\fn \npw hyXnNenXmWv. a\pjycminsb
apgph sFIyntep Wnptm {]Yaambn ihIpSocmcm[\-bnepw hocmcm[\bnepw apgpIn InS-p
kzkapZmbs sFIyns ]mmhntev sImphcnIsb NpaXe
\nlnstSXpv. kapZmbnsbpw kaqlnsbpw sFIyn\mhiyw ssZhnIamb ]miw apdpsI
]nSnpIbmWv. Ifa ssZhnI {Khpw {]hmNINcybpamWv ssZhnI]m-iw
sImp hnhnpXv. hnip JpB\pw Xncpkppw ]npScpXneqsS am{Xta bYmYnep sF-Iyw
km[yamhq, AXn\v ki XpWs. Bao.

z
z
z

Ip-cn-ip-a-c-Ww-:- ss_-_n-f-n-s- \n-e-]m-S-t- i-cn-?C-kv-e-m-an-I-{]-am-W-hpw- ap-kv-enw- sF-Iy-hpwB-Z-an-\v- am-v- sIm-Sp--Xn-\p- ti-j-hpw- in--tbm?-

Iq-Sn-m-gv-N-

136 ss__nhN-\- sImv kXy-s-Sp--s tbip-hns Ipcn-ip-a-cWw Htc-sbmcp Jp-B-\n-I-h-N\w

am{Xw sXfn-hmn \ntj-[n-p-Xv A-amb ]-]m-XnXzw sIms? \nkm-Av F A[ym-b-nse
{]kvXpX JpB\nIhN-\a
- m-sW-n Atm-n-bn Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw Gsd hymJym-\k
- m-[y-XI
- \ne\np--Xp-amWpXm-\pw.
tPmjn, shn-e-md

ss__nhN-\- ssZhw tbip{In-kvXp-thmSv kwkm-cn hmp-Itfm

tbip-{InkvXp injy-m-tcmSv kwkmcn hmp-It- fm BsWv ss{IkvXh]n-X
- m \mfn-Xp-hsc Jn-Xa
- mb
sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ]n_-e-tmsS kaYn-n-n-. Ch Xs ss__n ]pXnb\nba]pkv X - I - - f n hy- a mbn
tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-Xv am-bn, atm-kv, eqtm-kv, tbml-m Fnh Fgp-Xnb ]pkvXI
-
- f
- mWv Ah-sbm-Wv tbip-{In-kvXp-hns hwim-hen
Ds]sS Cu ]pkvX-I--fn tcJ-sSp-n-bn-p ]eImcy--fnepw hyamb sshcp[yw ImWmIgn-bp-X
- n-\m Ah-sbmw Hcp-t]mse kXy-am-Im
bmsXmcp km[y-X-bp-an-.
tbip-{In-kvXpsh P\- sImpItbm {Iqin-p-Itbm sNbvXn-n-sv
hnipJp-B-\n kwi-b-n-\n-S-bn-

m-h
- n[w hy-am-n-bn-p-v. ""Amlp-hns ZqX-\mb ab-ans aI
akolv Cukmsb R sImn-cnpp Fv Ah ]d--Xn-\mepw
(Ah i]n--s-n-cn-p-p.) hmkvXh-n At-ls Ah sIme-sSp-n-bn-n-; {Iqin-n-p-an-. ]s
(bmYmYyw) Ahv Xncn--dn-bm-Xmhp- I - b m- W p- m- b - X v . At- l - ns
(Cukm-bp-sS) Imcy-n `nn--h
AXn-s\-n kwi-b-nX-s-bm-Ipp. Dulm-t]m-ls ]np-Sc
- p-X
-
- msX Ahv Am- c y- s - p- d nv
bmsXm--cd
- n-hp-an-. Dd-mbpw At-ls
Ah sIme-s-Sp-n-bn-n-. {]Xyp-X,
At- l s Amlp Ah- - t ev
Dbp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. Amlp
{]Xm-]nbpw bpn-am-\p- am-Ip-p.'' (4:-157,
158) Cu kq- Atm-n-bn
Ah-km-\n--h-b-. kXyw kwi-bm-Xo2009 Pqsse--

26

X-ambn sXfn-bn-p--h-bm-Wv.
Ipcn-ip-a-cWw ss__n-fn F{X-am{Xw kq-f
- n kXy-s-Sp-n-bmepw
Imcy-an-. Imc-Ww, ss__n-fn-ep
hmIy- ssZh-ns hmp-I-tfm,
ssZh-Zq-Xs hmp-Itfm BsW--Xn\v Jn-X-amb bmsXmcp sXfn-hp-an-.
{Iqio-Ic
- Ww \S-p-sh-v ]d-n-p
Znhkw AhnsS `mKn-I-ambn Ccp-m-bncp-p-sh-mWv Nne ss__n hmIy-fn\nv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xv. JpB\n ]d--Xvt]mse Av \S-sXmsWv P\-v Xncn--dn-bmXm-Im-\p km[y-X-bmWv CXn\nv
hy-am-Ip--Xv. hnip--Jp-B-\nse
At\Iw kq-f
- n AXv kmm
temIc-n-Xmhv Ah-Xc
- n-n-Xm-sWv
hyam-n-bn-p-v.

Ckvemans "BibZrV-Xv' ImcWw Jp-B\pw lZo-Yp-am-Ip AXns {]am-W--fn t`Z-KXn hcp-m-Xp-sIm-mWv FmWv ]d-bm-dp--Xv. Fm Cu cv {]am-W--fn Ddp hniz-kn-p hyXykvX
apk-venwkwL-S-\-I-fn hnizm-k-Im-cy--fn t]mepw ISp hyXn-bm-\- \ne-\np--Xm-bpw, ]c-kv]c-hn-ai-\- \S-p--Xmbpw Ip-h-cp-p. sXp]m {]am-W--fm-sW-n tIhew Chn-S-bn-senepw sFIyw ImtW--Xs?
a[p-]m, Ccn-nbw

\mw Znh-tk\ hmbn-p Zn\-]-{X-fpsS Imcyw tNmZy-Imhv Nnnp t\mn-bn-ptm? \qdp-I-W-n

a\p-jy-cpsS apmsI \S-p Imcyt]mepw teJ-I
- m AYhm dntmam Gsd hf-sm-Sn--ep-Ipw
hymJym\t`Z-pw hnt[-b-am-p-

Xv hmb-\-m-cpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ A\p`-ha

- m-Wv. ssZhnIhN-\
- s
- fbpw \nn]vXXm]-cy-m ZphymJym-\-n\v
hnt[-b-am-pI kzm`m-hnIamWv. As\ sNp--h-sc-sbmw DSs\ innp-I-b-, ]e-cp-sSbpw in ]c-temI-tv \on-sh-p-I-bmWv ssZhnI-

\S-]Sn{Ia-sav ]e Jp-B kqfn\npw {Kln-mw. Fm-hs

- cbpw
Hnv kzK-n {]th-in-n-p-Ib; kXym-t\z-jWw \Sn bYmY
hnizm-khpw I-amKhpw kzoI-cn-p-hv am{Xw kzKw \Ip-I-bmWv
Am-lp-hns ]-Xn.

BZn-]n-Xm-hmbn apkvenwI hniz-kn- BZw, kzK-nshv ssZh-[n--mcw \S-n-sbpw ]m]-tam-N\-n-\mbn {]mYn--tm s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-shpw JpB\nse _d kqd-n ]d-bp-p. Fm
s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp BZ-ans\ ]noSv kzK-n \npw ]pd-m-n-sbpw Jp-B Xs ]Tn-n-p-p.
sXn\v amp-sIm-Sp--Xn\v tijhpw intbm?
sPn, ssIX-tmSv

a\p-jy-cpsS BZn]nXmhv BZ-amsWv apkvenwI am{X-a {InkvXym\n-Ifpw blq-Zcpw hniz-kn-p-p-tm. hnipJpB\n cmw A[ymb-amb A_Iz-d-bn BZ-ans Ncn{Xw hnh-cn-m XpS-p-XvXs ""Rm CXm `qan-bn Hcp Jeo^ ({]mXn\n[ykz`m-h-ap krn)sb \ntbm-Knm t]mhp- I - b mWv Fv \ns
\mY a-e-p-I-tfmSv ]d k`w
({in-p-I)'' Fp ]d-p-sIm-mWv

(2:30 kqw ]cn-tim-[n-p-I) CXn\nv {Kln-m-hp-Xv BZy-ta, Amlp-hns ]Xn BZ-an-s\bpw k-XnI-sfbpw `qan-bn Xma-kn-n-pI FXmbn-cp-p-sh-m-Wv.
XpSv kzK-n Xma-kn-n-Xv
(2:35 kqw t\mp-I) Hcp ]co-Ww
F-\n-e-bn-em-bn-cp-p. Hcp I\n-am{Xw
hne-n-bXv a\p-jy-t\mSv Hcp \ymbhpw
IqSmsX i{XpX ]pep-Ibpw Ahs\ ]ng-n-m {ian-p-Ibpw sNp

]nim-Nn-s\-Xn-cn Pm{KX ssIsmm ]cn-io-en-n-p-X

- n-\p ]co-Whpw. hnev ewLn BZ- a ns
]m-m]w Amlp kzoI-cn-p. (2.37
t\mp-I) BZ-ans\ inn-p-shv
hnipJp-B\
- n Fhn-sSbpw ]d-nn; Xmm-enI hmk--ev \nv
]pd-n-d-n, a\p-jy-scmw \nn-XImew Xma-kn-t `qan-bn BZ-ans\ A[n-h-kn-n-Xv Hcp in-bm-sWv ]d-bm-hp--X-.

kvt\l-kw-hmZw kuP-\y-w-!apkvenwI-f-m-- G-Xm-\pw- t]-v- am{Xw

B-Z-y-w- A-t]-n-p-- G-Xm-\pw-- A-ap-kv-enw-I--v H-cp- h--j-t-v- Pp-ss_- C-yC-kv-em-ln-- sk-- kv-t\-l-kw-hm-Z-w- am-kn-I ku-P-\-y-am-bn- A-b-p- sIm-Sp-p--p.- D-S_--s-Sp-I-:-

jubail@nicheoftruth.org
As-n
SNEHASAMVADAM MONTHLY
P.B. No: 1981, Vyttila, Cochin-19
Tel: 0484 2301275
2009 Pqsse--

27

ssZh-thZ]-ct- emI knm-

- s- f-p-dnv
lnp-a-X-ns-bpw Ckveman-sbpw hoW-sf A[n-Ic- nv s]cna s\lvdp
tUn-b-n \S Bi-b-kw-hm-Z-n-s
aq-m- w- - `mKw. sslh-Xsb {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic- nv
hn.-Fv.]nbpsS ap kwm\ A[y-\mb s{]m^: tUm: ]qt-g-v cma-N-{\pw,
tIkcn ]{Xm-[n-] tKm]m-e Ipnam-dpw
Ckvemans\ {]Xn-\n-[o-Icnv \nv Hm^v
{Sqv Ub-dIvS Fw.-Fw. AIv_dm-Wvkwkm-cn-p-Xv. tUm. sslZcen-bmWv
tamU-td-.

ssl--h-X- C-kv-emwB-i-b- kwhmZw

tNmtZym-c skj
tamU-td-
ssl-hX, Ckvemw Fo cv Zi-\--fnse ssZhw, thZw, ]c-temIw Fo aqv hnj-b-sf Bkv]-ZamnbmWv ChnsS kwkm-cn--Xv. AXp-sImv tNmZy-
ap hnj-b--fntev IS-msX hfsc hyambn tNmZn-Ww. tNmZn-p hyn t]cpw tPmenbpw hy-am--Ww.
tNmZyw hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn--Ww. cv an\p-mWv tNmZyn-\p ka-bw. Hcp tNmZy-n\v Dcw \In-bXn\v tijw Bh-iy-sa-n hopw Hcp D]-tNmZyw tNmZn-mw. cp
ssap-I ChnsS kwhn-[m-\n-n-p-v. Hv Ckveman-IZi\w Ah-X-cn-n ]m\-en-t\mSpw atXv ssl-h-Zi\w
Ah-X-cn-n ]m\-en-t\mSpw tNmZn-t tNmZy-p
ssap-I-fm-Wv. BtcmSmWv tNmZn-p-Xv Fv apIq-dmbn
hy-am--p-I. Hcp hynv Hcp kabw Hcp ]m\-en-t\mS
2009 Pqsse--

28

am{Xta tNmZy- tNmZnXpS- pp. FmWv

m-hq. cp ]m\-en-t\mSpw
AXn\v Imc-Ws
- a-p-Xpw
IqSn s]mXp-hmb tNmZy-
]Xn-\mev \qm-p-I-fmb JptNmZn-m A\p-h-Zn-p--X-.
B-\p-ap-p-X
- mtWm Ad-_n-en-]nC\n, Hcp tNmZy-n\v tijw at ]m\sb-p-Xpw Adn-b-Ww. C{X-bmWv
en-t\mSv tNmZy- tNmZn--W-sa-n B
F\nv tNmZn-m-\p--Xv.
hyn ASp ]m\-ense Iyqhn t]mbn \ntamU-td-
Ww. tNmZy- CS-hn-m-bn-cn-pw. AXm-bXv, Hcn-
tNmZyw hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-X-a-. Dcw ]d-bm
ssl-h-Zi\w Ah-X-cn-n ]n-X-m-tcmSv tNmZnAIv_ B{K-ln-p-p-sh-n am{Xw k-Xn-mw.
m ASp tNmZyw CkvemanIZi\w Ah-X-cn-n
Fw.-Fw.AIv_
]n-X-m-tcm-Sm-bn-cn-pw.
ChnsS ]d-Xv t]mse tNmZyw hnj-bm-[n-jvTnkv{XoIv Ah-k-c-ap-v. cv tNmZy- ]pcp-jX-a-. Ad-_n-`mj ]cn-ip Jp-B-\n\v \qm-p-Ip
m-cpsS `mKp \np-m-bm Hcp tNmZyw kv{XoI-fpsS
app `mj-bm-Wv. Ad-_n-`m-jv `mj-bpsS e^vfv F`mKv \nv A\p- h - Z n- p- - X m- b n- c n- pw. ]Xn- \ v
s\ Fgp-XW
- s
- a \nbaw D-Xp-t]mse A- Fan\pmWv D-c-n\p kabw \In-bn-p--Xv. Cu ]Xns\ Fgp-X-W-sa \nb-a-hp-ap-v. e^vfv Fgp-XpXns
\-n\v an\p-n\v tijw at ]m\-en-ep Bfp-Iv
t\sc hn]-co-X-Zn-i-bn-emWv A- Fgp-Xp-I. AXv
Av an\pv hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww \Imw. hopw hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww
`mjm-\n-b-a-am-Wv. AXv hn]-coX Zni-bn-e--s\-bmsWpBh-iy-sa-n BZys ]m\-ense ]n-X-mv
Xv sImv AXn- sshcp-[y-sam-p-an-. AtX kabw,
Hcp an\pv IqSn A\p-h-Zn-p--Xm-bn-cn-pw. As\
DdpZp ]cn-ip Jp-B-\n\pw tijapm-b-XmWv. Cy25 an\pmWv Hcp tNmZy-n\v D-c-ambn kabw ]cn-an-Xbnse apK-f-m-cpS BK-a-\-tmsSbmWv DdpZp `mj Uhs-Sp-n-bn-cn-p--Xv.
e]v sNbvXp- h--Xv. Fm Ad-_n-`mj aptbp-XmChnsS ssev Adbvv sNbvXn-p-v. ss ssev,
Wv. skan-nIv `mj-I-fn Ghpw ]qWX {]m]n `mjAXv \n-fpsS tNmZykabw Xocpw hsc-bp-m-Ipw. Hcp
bmbncpp ]cn-ip--Jp-Bs Ah-X-c-W-Im-e-L--n
an\pv Ign-m a ssev {]ImAd_n. AXn-\p-apv AXns ]cnin-pw. Nphv ssev {]IminpWm-a-L-- Ign-p-t]m-bn-p-v
tXmSv IqSn ssav Hm^v sNpw.
F-msX Ad-_n-`mj apt \netNmZy- p D- c w Bthhn- e p- - X m- s W- mWv kwniapXm-bn-cn-mw. B Bthiw
]vXambn ]d-bm-\p-Xv.
\n- f psS lrZ- b - - f n am{Xw
D]tNmZyw
kqn-p-I. I-Sn-p-sIm-tm AAtm 1,2,3 Fp-Xv CSl-kn-p-sImtm {]Xn-I-cn--cp-Xv.
Xp-h-i-p-\nv he-Xp-h-i-tv
\apv ]cn-]m-Sn-bn-tev {]th-int]mIp--Xns\n h hymJym\mw.
hpw Xcm ]ptam?
tNmZyw
Fw.-Fw.-A-Iv_
Fs t]cv aWn. AIv_dnFpsImmWv Ad_n
t\m-SmWv tNmZn-p--Xv. Jp-B
CSXv
hiv
\nv Fgp-Xm XpSCd-n-bnv 14 \qm-p-I-fmbn Fp
nb
s
X
X
n\v
{]tXyI hymJym-\]d-X
- n-s\-
- n-bm-Wv F\nv Adnan
.
GXv
`mjpw
B `mj-bpsS
tb--Xv. AXn-\p-ap-p--XmtWm
D]
nb
pa
mbn
_sv Hmtcm
Cu Ad-_n-`mj; As-n en]n-IamK
f
p
mI
pw.
Ctm
`mc-X. AXn\v app--XmtWm tij-apkzK-\-c-I- An-a-amb
ne
ms
W
n
BZyw
]men
`mj-XmtWm Ddp-Zp en]n-I? ImcW- ey-ambn lnpkaqlw IW-mbb
mb
nc
p
p.
B
]men
`mj
kwkv
samsW- p- s h- m F\nv
nb
n
n
.
kzKhpw
\cI
hpw
IrXa
mbn,
kwkv
I
rXn
\nv
kwibw h-Xv, Rm H-m-ev
tZh-\m-Kcn en]nbmbn. B en]n apteWnwKv kvIqfn Ad_n ]Tn-phmkvX-h-n- `qan-bn Xs
`mj-I-fn-tev t]mbn Cs\
p-v. AXn apkvl^ns t]Pna\p-jy\v e`n-p-sIm-n-cn-p
]eXpw Dm-bn-p-v. CXn-semw
\-dp-I CSp-Xv Fmw heHcp
Ah
Fp
coXnb
nXs A--sf-gp-Xpsmcp coXnXp-h-iv \nv Fgp-Xn-sm-n-cnp-p. Ad-_n-bm-bmepw Jp-B-\m- emWv lnp-Xz-n-e-Xns\ t\mn- im-kv{X-ap-v. A-c--sf-gp-Xp
coXnimkv{X-ap-.v Ad-_n-bn Abmepw Ddp-Zp-hm-bmepw 1,2,3,4 Fpm-Wp--Xv
-c
- fpw A-fpw cv hyXykvX
A- CS-Xp-h-iv \nv
2009 Pqsse--

29

tKm]m-eIpn am
kzK-\-cI Nn-IfpsS {]tXyIXsb-p-dnv kqNn-n-n-cp-p. Fp ]d-m kzK- n- s e- pI Fp- - X ; sslh
Nnm-K-Xn-bn a\p-jys An-a-amb ]c-a-]-Y{]m]vXn. AXp-sIm-v kzK-n\v thn Pohn-pI. As-n kzK-amWv Ah-km-\-ambn e`n-t-Xv
F Nn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ia- sNpI CsXmpw \ptNmZyw
sS imkv{X-n hmkvXh
-
- n A\p-hZ- \
- o-ba
-
- . ]s,
Fs t]cv A_vZp-emw. Fs tNmZyw s{]m^:
kzK-s-p-dn-p Nne k]- Xmm-en-I-am]n.cma-N{- am AhI-tfm-SmWv. AXp-t]mse tKm]mbn Hcp a\p-jy\v ChnsS sNp KpWm-Kp-W--fpsS [e Ipn am-tdm-Sp-am-Wv.
am-[a-fpsS ASn-m-\-n Xmm-en-I-ambn e`nChnsS {]kw-Kn--tm kqNn-n-p-I-bp-mbn; AXmp- Hcn-S-m-hfsap coXn-bnkzK-s-p-dnv
bXv Ckveman-se-tmse -kzK\cI-hn-izm-khpw AXpkqN-\-bp-v. ]s, ChnsS ]d-b-s- kzKw, hotcm-Nnt]mse ]m]-n\v {]Xn-^ew \Ip Hcp Znh-k-sX-amb acWw hcn-p-h
- v hoc-kzKw e`n-pw Fsmp-dn-p-sampw ssl-h-Po-hn-X-co-Xn-bn hnizm-kw \necp Nn-bp-v. AXv \ ]d kzK-a-. Atlw
hn-en Fpw; ]Icw ap--]m-]-kn-m--am-sWpw.
sNp {]h-\- hotcm-Nn-X-am-sW-n hotcm-NnRm tNmZn-m B{K-ln-p-Xv `K-hZvKoX-bn IrjvX-amb Hcp m\w, hoc-mp m\w G-XmWv Fv
W APp-\s\ D]-tZ-in-p Hcp cwK-ap-v. AXn
BZyta \n-bn-n-p-v. "hoc-t`m-Kym-h-kp-cm,' Cu `qan
tl, ]mm! Fv hnfnv sImv IrjvW D]-tZ-inXs hoc- mv Pohn- p- h m- \ p- - X m- W v FmWv
p-p. Cu bp-n \
-- o hnP-bn-p-I-bm-sW-n Cl\psS {]am-Ww. Atm km[m-cW hocXzw Cm-tem-Iv Xs hensbmcp km{amPyw ]nSn--S-m-\mhpw,
hv Cu `qan t`mKy-a Fpt]mepw Nnn-p Hcp
m-]n-m-\m-hpw, AX-; \o Cu bp-n hoc-arXyp
ImgvN-m-Sp-m-bn-cp-p.
{]m]n-p-I-bm-sW-n \ns Imn-cn-p-Xv kzK-amcv tNmbvkv, As-n cv Xc-n-ep kwhnWv. Fv `K-hm IrjvW `K-hZvKoX-bn kqNn-n-p[m\w cv Imgv-N-mSv, As-n cv A\p-`-h-am-Wv AI-bp-mbn. Atm- k
- zK-\c-Ihn-izmkw ssl-hX
- b
- n
Pp-\-\p-m-tI--Xv. Hp-In bpw sNbvXv hnP-bnp
Dv Fs Cu Imcyw kqNn-n-p-X
- v? CXn\v Hcp adpIgn-m Cu Inm-hp cmPyw apgp-h `cn-p-sImv
]
- Sn Xc-W-sav A`yYn-p-p.
cmPm-hmbn, N{I-hn-bmbn, A`n-jn-]vX-\mbn Pohn-mw.
Cs-nepw At-l-n\v Atl-ns bpw shdp-sX-bm-hpI-bn-. Cu ]d hoc-t`m-Ky"hnPbn- m \n\nhnsS [- k w- m- ] \w
am-b-Xp-sImv B Xc-nepw
km[npw, Cs-ntem ac-Ws
- -m hoc-kzK-n
Cu hkp- - c sb As- n
{]th-i\w e`n-pw.' aX-]-cambn kz[-w A\p-jvTn`qansb A\p-`-hn-m km[npw. Atm cm-bmepw Cu
p-hm thn {]hn-p GXv t]mcm-fn-tbmSpw
`qansb A\p-`-hn-p-I-sb-Xv
{]hm-N-I-m ]d ]Z-am-WXv. AtX Imcy-amWv
Xs- b mWv ASn- m\Nn.
{ioIrjvW ]dp-b--Xmbnv \apv ImWm km[nCXn-teXv amKw thWw. bpw
sNbv X v acn- p- I - b m- s W- n
p--Xv. AXv Am-e-L--nse kzK-\-c-I--fnhoc- m- v A\p- t bm- P y- a mb
ep hnizmkamWv
coXn-bn Cu `qansb As-n
hkp--csb t`mKy-am-m km[n-pw. AX-s-n C-d-Xp-t]mse t\cnv B `qan `cn-psImv N{I-hn-bmbn `uXnI-kp-J--tfmsS Pohn-p-hm
Ignbpw. CXn GXv thWsap--Xm-Wv Cu Hcp kqN\.
AXm-bXv bp-n \nv amdn
\nv sImv Cu `qan As-nZni-bn- \np am{X-ta-bpp. ssN\o- k m- s W- n
Fgp-Xp-Xv apI-fn \nv Iogvtm-mWv. AXv \ hni-Zo-I-cnpI Fp ]d-m... AXv h `mjmim-kv{X--mcpw hni-Zo-I-cn-t--Xm-Wv.
AXn\v h hni-Zo-I-c-W-aptm Fv Xs F\n-dn-bn-. FmWv kqNn-n-m-\p--Xv.

2009 Pqsse--

30

 AXns A[n- I mcw

thsv ]d-bp-I-bmtWm
sNp-Xv As-n bpn acn-p-sImv hkp--csb
t`mKy-am-pI-bmtWm FXm-Wv. Pbnp-Ib
- m-sW-nepw acn-p-Ib
- m-sW-nepw hkp-c-bpsS As-n `qan-bpsS t`mKy-n\v AhIm-i-apv F Hcp ImgvN-m-Sn-emWv AhnsS IrjvW-s D]-tZiw, \ Dt-in-p coXn-bn-ep kzK\-c-I--fpsS Nn-b AhnsS ]d-b-s--Xv.
Fw.-Fw. AIv_
_lp-am\s kmdn-hnsS ]d-Xv kXy-n
`mc-XobZi-\-n kzK-\-c-I-Nn--b ASn-m-\-]c-am-bn-p-Xv Fm-Wv. ]s, Rm\n-hnsS kqNn-n--Xpt]mse {]hm-N-Iam ]Tn-n BZi t\mptm ac-Wm-\--c-Po-hn-Xhpw kzK-\-c-I-Nn--bp-amWv
Fm Zi-\
- f
- nepw ImWm km[n-p-X
- v. `mc-X
- nse
ASn-m\kwln-XI
- thZkwln-XI
- f
- mWv. CXn-sempw
Xs ]p\Phnizm-k-s-p-dnv bmsXmcp ]cm-aihp-an-. adnv kzK-\c
- I
-
- s
- f-p-dn-mWv ]d-bp-X
- v. BZyIm-eL
- -
- n-ep D]-\n-j
- p-If
- n, DZm-lc
- W
- a
- mbn ItTm]-\n-j-n {]Y-ahnbnse {]Y-am-[ym-b-nse 12mas tmI-n \apv ImWm km[n-pw.
""kz-tK-tem-tI- \- `-bw- In--\m-kv-Xn\-X-{XXzw- \-P-c-bm- _nt`-XnD-t`,- Xo-zm-i-\m-bm- ]n-]m-tktim-Im-Xn-tKm- tam-Z-tX- kz--temt-I-''
kzK-tem-I-n-te-mWv Acw Bfp-I t]mIpI. kzK-tem-I-ns {]tXy-I-X-I ]d-bp-p. Ahv
`b-an-. {]bm-k-an-, ac-W-an-. bmsXmcp {]bm-k-hp-anmsX ac-W-an-msX-Xmm-en-I-ambn e`n-p- Hcn-Sm-hfa --- ac-W-an-msX Pohn-m km[n-p Hcp
temIw. Ahn-tS-mWv kIn-I t]mIp-I. AXp-t]mse-s \c-I-tem-Ispdnv:-- --""A-kq-cym- \m-a- tX- tem-Im- A-\v-t[-\- X-a-km- hr-XmxXmw-kt-v X- t{]-Xym-`n-KN
- O
-v
- n- tb-tI- Nm-Xa
-v l
- t- \m-P \mx''
Fv C
- u-im-hm-tkym-]\
- n-j
- ns aqmw tmI-n
ImWm km[n-pw. AXpt-]mse ChnsS kplr-p--cn `K-h-ZvKo-X-bnse cmw A[ym-b-nse 37mas hN\-n.
""ltXm hm {]m]vkykn kzw PnXzm h t`mytk alow
Xkvam-Zp-njvT Iu-tb bpmb IrX\nivN
- bx''

\o Pbn-m ChnsS
cmPy- ` - c Ww. ]cm- P - b - s mtem kzKw. AXmWv GXv
t]mcm-fn-tbmSpw aX-]-cambn kzw [-w A\p-jvTn-p-hm thn
{]hn-p t]mcm-fn-tbmSv {]hm-N-I-m
]d ]Z-am-Wv. FmWv? \n\v ChnsS [kw-m-]\w km[npw, Cs-ntem ac-Ws
- -m hockzK-n \n\v {]th-i\w e`n-pw. AtX Imcy-amWv
{ioIrjvW ]dp-b--Xmbnv \apv ImWm km[n-p-Xv. AXv Am-e-L--nse kzK-\-c-I--fn-ep
hnizmkamWv.
16mw A[ym-b
- nse 16mas hN-\
- n \c-Is
- p-dnv ]d-bp-pv.
""At\INnhn{`mm taml-Pm-e-k-am-hrXmx
{]kmx Ima-t`m-tKjp ]Xn \ctIfipNu'' XpSnb hN-\-.
Atm Rm ]d-bp--sX-mWv shm kzK-\-cI--fn-ep hnizmkw `mc-X-n app-m-bn-cp-p.
Fm ]p\Phnizmkw ]nm-ev IS-p-h--XmWv. ]p\P--hn-izmkw \apv BZy-ambn ImWm km[np-Xv Otm-tKym-]\
- n-j
- n-em-Wv. AXv Fs\bp-mbn FXv Cu Otm-tKym-]-\n-j-n \np Xs
hy-am-Ip-p-v. Otm--tKym-]-\n-j-nse 5mw aWvUense 10mw A[ym-b-nse Ggm-as hN-\-n
]p\P--hn-izmkw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. CXv Rm ]d-bpXv Fs\ Hcp ssZhn-I-Zi-\s ]nm-e-L-n ]ptcm-ln-X-m ssII-S-n-smv hnI-e-amn
Fp-IqSn a\-n-em-m- thnbmWv. ]d-bp-s
- X-mWv
Adn-bptam? hN-\-ap--cn-p-n-. ChnsS [-a-\p-jvTnp--h ASp P-n {_m-W---{Xnbssh-iymZn-I-fpsS tbm\n-I-fn P\n-p-p, F-mWv. ""{_mlvaWtbm-\nw hm- {Xn-bt- bm-\nw hm- sshiy-tbm-\nw hm-'' Fp
Xs-bmWv ]d-bp--Xv. Ah-cpsS P\-t\-{n-b-n P\np-p. am{Xa Cu P-n Xn sNp--h ]n-bpsStbm ]n-bp-sStbm Nm-fstbm tbm\n-bn P\n-pp FmW.v Atm CXns ey-sa-msWXv hfsc hy-am-Wv. Ign P-nse \- sIm-mWv Cu
P-n ChnsS {_mlvaW{Xn-bs
- sh-iymZnI kpJnp-X
- v. AXp-t]mse Xs Ign P-nse Xn-sImmWv ]n-tbbpw ]n--tbbpw t]mse Nm-f {]bmk-s-Sp--Xv. ASp--P--n-se-nepw {_mW--{Xnbsshiy-m-cm-IWsan B kz[aw A\p-jvTn-p-IbmWv th-Xv. B kz[m-\p-jvTm-\
- s
- fm? Nm-fs
kz[am-\p-jvTm\w Zmkyth-e-bm-Wv. CXv ]Tn-n-m

]p\P--kn-m-spdnv EtKz-Z-km-a-th-Z-bP--pthZAYh-th-ZmZn kwln-X-I-fn- Fhn-sSbpw ImWp-n-.

AXv ]nm-eL-n NmXphWy-hy-h
m]n-m thn -D-m-n-sb-Sp--XmWv
2009 Pqsse--

31

thn ip-amb kzK

\c- I - - f n- e p hnizm- k s hnI-e-amnsmv ISp h-XmWv ]p\P--hn-izmksamWv Fs ]T-\-n \nv F\nv a\-n-em-m km[n-Xv, Fs am{X-a;
]e ]n-X-m-cpw AXv kqNn-n-n-p-v.
`mc-Xob thZkmln-Xy- ]cn-tim-[n-m \apv
ImWm km[n-p Hcp Imcy-ap-v. Cu ]p\P--knm- spdnv ASn- m- \ - t h- Z - k w- l n- X - I - f n
NXpth- Z - k w- l n- X - I - f nEtKz- Z - k m- a - t h- Z - b - P pthZAYh-th-ZmZn kwln-X-I-fn- Fhn-sSbpw ImWp-n-.
]nm-e-L--n-emWv AXv Dm-bXv, Ntm-tKym-]-\nj- n Cs\ ]dp tIp- t m ssPhen
almcmPmhv Xs, thZw ]Tn Bfv Xs CsXm-c`pX-Ic
- a
- mb knm-a
- mbn tIn-cn-p-p-shv \apv NtmKy-n ImWp-Ibpw sNmw. AXn \nv Xs thZw
]Tn Bfp-Iv t]mepw Adn-bm ]mSn-mXncp Hcp
hnizm-ka
- m-bn-cpp CXv Fv a\-n-emmw AXv ]nmeL-n Cu hWm-{iahyh NmXphWy-hyh m]n-m thn, AXnsbSn-m-\
- n ]ctem- I - h n- i zmkw amn- s b- g p- X m m]n- - s - - X mWv
Fm-Wv Rm a\-n-em-p--Xv. hni-Zo-I-cWw {]Xo-np-p.
tKm]me Ipn am
kzK-\c
- I
-
- Rm\n-hnsS kqNn-np; AXv Ana-amb eyambn lnpkaqlw IW-m-n-bn-n-. kzK-hpw \c-Ihpw hmkvX-h-n ChnsS Xs, `qan-bn
Xs, a\p-jy\v e`n-p-sIm-n-cn-p Hcp Ah
Fp coXn-bn-emWv lnp-Xz-n-eX
- ns\ t\mn-m-Wp-Xv. hopw hopw P\n-t-n-h-cp-p; I-\p-kc
- n-v. lo\-amb I- sNp-h
- hopw Xmgv
tbm\n-bn P\nv, IjvS
- m-Sp-Ifpw _pn-ap-p-Ifpw klnv
A-c
- n-ep Pohn-Xk
- w-hn-[m-\s
- , AXm-bXv ]pXnb
]pXnb P-f
- p-m-Ip-Ibpw B P-ns Ahbn
kpJ-n-sbpw ZpxJ-n-sbpw A\p-`-h- Dm-Iptm, \c-I-kzK- Cu `qan-bnse Xs Pohn-Xm-h-bmbn Nn{Xo-Ic
- npIbmWv sNbvXX
- v. ItTm]-\n-j
- ns knm--nepw CXp XsbmWv kqNn-n--s--Xv.
ChnsS Hcp {]tXy-IX, thZ-ns AY--sfbpw thZa-{--sfbpw AXns s]mcp-fn-s\bpw \psS kmtXn-Ia
- mb, As-n \mw km[m-cW D]-tbm-Kn-p i_vZw sImv, B AY-n AXv hymJym-\n-p-tm-gp-mIp A_-- kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. t\cs Xs
\tmSv ""\x- kv-{Xo- kz-m-X{y-al-X-n'' F Hcp hmIyw
]d-p. kwKXn icn-bm-Wv. \ km[m-cW ]dbpw kv{Xo kzmX{yw Aln-p-n- Fv ]s, AXns
apI-fn-ep aqv hcn-IfpsSbpw AYw FSp-p-tm kv{Xo kzmX{yw Aln-p-n FmtWm AXn\v AYw
hcn-I Fp ]cn-tim-[n-t-n hcpw. sNdp-I
- m-ev ]nXmhn-\mepw bph-Xn-bm-Ip-tm `m-hn-\mepw hm[-Iy2009 Pqsse--

Im-ev aI-\mepw kv{Xo

kwc-n-s
- -tS-Xm-bn-pv. AXmWv aqv hcn-I-fpsS
AYw. ]ns \mem-as hcn-bn kv{Xo kzmX-{y-aln-p-n-; Fv
]d-bp-tm Fv kzmX{ys-p-dn-mWv
]d-bp-Xv? kv{Xov Hcp kzmX-{y-hpanm-sb-mtWm? A; Ah-fpsS Pohn-X-kw-cw-`-tm Pohk-m-c-W-nt\m kzX-{y-bmbn As-n H-v
\np-sImv Ah IjvS-s-tS--Xm-bn-ptm? Fpw
kl-I-cn-m, Ah-sf klm-bn-m, Ah-v Xmpw
XW-ep-ambn Hcp hyn-bp-mIpw Fp kqN-\-bs
hmkvXh
-
- n ""\x- kv{- Xo- kz-mX
- {y-al-Xn- ' F hmn\p-m-Im km[y--Xb
- p-q. Cs-n B tmI-n\v HcYhpw hcn-.
""]n-Xm-cXn- Iu-am-tc
`-m- cXn- bu-ht\
]p--t{Xm- cXn- hm[tIy\x- kv-{Xo- kz-m-X{y-al-X-n''FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. Atm kv{Xov kzmX-{y-ansv ]d-bp B AYhpw, B Hcp ]Zhpw sXmp-ap-n ]d-n-cn-p Imcy-fpw Xn km[m-cW-bp
kmt-XnI i_vZmY-n FSp-m AXv AYw icnb-. AXp-sImv AXns \ncpw t\mn-smv AXns\ `mjy-Im-c-m A-c-n Xs hymJym-\n-n-pv. AXmWv Rm ]d-bm Imc-Ww. Acw hymJym-\ ]cn-tim-[n-p-tm AXns\p-dn kXy-k
- amb
kao-]\w \apv Adn-bm km[n-pw.
]ns Hcp Imcyw kqNn-n-m-\pXv kzKw \cIw
F hmtm As-n A-c-n-ep Hcp Nntbm
Xosc C F t\cs kqNn-n--Xv. amjpw A-s\b kqNn-n--Xv. BXy-n-I-ambn kzK-amWv Pohn-Xns eyw, AXn\v thnbmWv ChnsS {]hnp--Xv, Fp Nnm-K-Xn-sb-bmWv FXn-Xv. BXynIeyw kzKta A. NXphn[ ]pcp-jmY-fn
CXv \nhN-n--s-n-p-v. Cu ]pcp-jmY-fn ]c-a-]Y-{]m-]vXn-bmtbm ]c-a-]p-cp-jmYamtbm Nnn-p-Xv
tamw Fp kwhn-[m-\-s-bm-Wv. tamw Fp-Xv kpJ-t`m-K- Po-hn-X-s-p-dn-. Rm BZyta ]dp; ]noSv Hcp Pohn-Xta Cm Ah--sb-p-dn-mWv. Atm ChnsS e`n-p `uXn-Ia
- mb Pohn-X
- ns
Ipsd-qSn `uXn-I-a-bhpwB[n-Iy-]-c-hp-amb Hcp Pohn-Xs Ip-sImv AXn-\p-thn Pohnp-hm\pw- {]hn-p-hm\pap D]-tZ-i-am-bn-cpn `mc-Xob BNm-cym \In-bn-cp-Xv Fp kqNn-n-m thn-bm-Wv.
AXpsImv Ccw tmI-sf, Ccw Imcy-sf
]ecpw ]e coXn hymJym-\n-n-pv; B hymJym-\-tmSv, B hymJym-\n AY-tmSv Rm hntbm-Pnv ImWnp-n. ImcWw Cpw ]ecpw thZ-sf hymJym-\ns-gp-Xn-bn-p-v. ]s, \ncp--ns ASn-m-\-n
AXnse AY-hy-Xym-k- a\-n-emn Cu hymJym32

\n-p--hcmcpwAh-scp- ]-d-bpp FXv t\mn-m-WWw. AXp-sIm-mWv Rm\nXv kqNn-n-X

- v. am{X-a;
a\p-kvar-Xn-bn \nv D-cn-p B
tmIw adp-`m-Kv AtX kv{Xosb-p-dnv
asmcp {]amWhmIy-hp-ap-v. Fhn-sS-bmtWm kv{XoI ]qPn--s-Sp-Xv AhnsS am{Xta tZh-X-I Ifnbm-SpI-bp-p Fv. CXp-sImv Xs t\cs kqNnn kXy-apv. AXm-b-Xv, ]e-cp-sSbpw Ic-hn-cp-Xp-I
AXn-tev IS-p-h
- n-p-v. am{X-a; bYmY lnpXzsbpw [-sbpw `uXnINn-sbbpw hnIr-X-s-Spm-\p Htsd ]cn-{i-a- AXn-\-Iv \S-n-pv

X {]hn-p--h-cmbnv \apv P\-d Bbn

a\-n-em-m km[n-pI. Cu
cq]-n temPn-embnv \mw
Nnn-p-tm a\p-jy-s P\-kwJy
\ Bfp-I-fm-bnv am{X-amWv P\n-p-h-cp--sXn a\p-jys P\-kwJy Ipd-bp-Ibpw Xn sNp-h ]n-Ifpw ]q-Ifpambn kwJy IqSpIbpamWv
sNp-I. Fm a\p-jys P\-kwJy ]p-m-bn-cp
e-fn \nv amdn CnXm 600 tImSn, 700 tImSntbmfambn IqSn-bn-cn-pp. Atm AXns temPn--em-bnp Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \Im km[n-ptam?
tamU-td-
D-]-tNm-Zy-n-s D--c-n-\p kabw Av
an\pv hoX-am-Wv.
cma-N-{ am
a\p-jys kwJy IqSn F-Xp-sImv Imcy-an-.
ImcWw ]n-I-sf-mfpw ]q-I-sfmfpw hfsc IjvS-sSp a\p-jy-m [mcm-fa
- p-v. IjvSs
- -SW
- s
- a-p-s-n
hmepw ]pw sImpw Hpw thW-sa-n-. a\p-jy-\m-bnv Xs IjvS-s-Smw. AXp-sImv Ign P-n-ep
Bfp-I arK--fm-bnv P\np sIm-W-sa-n-. Nyh\{]miyhpw av NnIn--I-fpsams \S-p hen-sbmcp
\q-Xn-cn-bpsS honse B\sb t\mn-bnv i-cmSn Hcp
kn\n-a-bn ]d-bp-p-v. ""t\msSm B\-bm-bm-sem
tbm-Kw thW-''sav. AXp-t]mse F{X a\p-jyv Pohnm ]pw? Atm a\p-jys kwJy IqSp-ptm,
arK--fpsS kwJy IqSp-p-tm. F-X {]iv\w.
cm-a-tXv, a\p-jy-c-m Poh-P-p--sf{Xbpsv Adn-bptam \apv? aqv Zi-ew FmWv B[p\nIimkv{Xw ]d-bp--Xv. aqv Zi-ew Poh-P-p-fps-v. AXp icn-b-sv ASpImev hopw hn-

kzK-n-se-pI Fp--X sslh Nnm-K-Xn-bn a\p-jys An-a-amb

]c-a-]-Y-{]m]vXn. AXp-sIm-v kzK-n\v thn Pohn-p-I. As-n kzK-amWv
Ah-km-\-ambn e`n-t-Xv F Nn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ia- sNpI CsXmpw \psS
imkv{X-n hmkvX-h-n A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-
cn-p-p. ]{v Zi-ew ]e Xc-n-ep Pohn-If
- p-s{X. AXn aqp Zi-e--ns\ am{Xta CXp-hsc a\pjys _pn shv a\-n-em-m ]n-bn-p-p. _mn
HXv Zi-ew Pohn-IImWm Pohn-Ip{Z-Pohn-I_mIvSo-cnb apX-em-bn-p Pohn-I D-s{X; a\pjys Ip-Iv tKmN-c-a-m--Xv. Ah-bpsS kwJy
IqSp-I-bmtWm Ipd-bmtWm? henb Ip-Ir-Xy-sfms
sNp Bfp-Isf A-s\-bp Cu ]{v Zi-e-n s]Sp-mtam F-dn-bn-. A{Xam{Xw ]dp sImv Fs hmp-I D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.

FXv kphn-Zn-X-am-Wv; \nkvX-am-Wv. AXn-empw

A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-an-. AXp-sImv Xs Rm\mZyw
]dp. {ipXn-sbpw kvarXn-sbpw ]dv \apv cp
kwhn-[m-\--fp-v Fv.
D]tNmZyw
Fs Hcp D]-tNmZyw IqSnbpv. Hcp temPn-
Izy BWv. ]p\Pknm--{]-Imcw. \-sN-bvX-h
ASp P-n \ a\p-jy-cm-bntm AXm-bXv, {_mW-cm-bntm As-n sshiy-cm-bntm q{Z-cm-bntm P\np-sa-mtWm ssl-h-hn-izm-k-{]-Imcw a\-n-em-Ip-Xv. Fm Cu `qtem-Iv \mw ]cn-tim-[n-p-I-bm-sWn samw P\-kw-Jy-bpsS `qcn-`mKw t]cpw Xn IqSp2009 Pqsse--

33

]pXnb\nb-a-ns B[n-Im-cn-I-X: {]Nm-c-Whpw bmYmYyhpw-4

_men-i-amb {]Xn-tcm-[-
A_vZp-d-lvam tdm_v

]pXn- b - \ n- b - a - n- s Is- g pp{]Xn-I sImn-tLm-jn--s-Sp-{X

{]mNo-\a
- s
- pw Ah Xn Xo-m Xocm-{X sshcp-[y- Ds-papff hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb hnai-\-sf
Nne ]WvUn-Xam-cpsS ]pkvX-I-fn \np D-c-Wn-I-fp-]-tbm-Knv
t\cn-Sm Ftm-fP
- n-p-I {ianp t\mm-dp-v. kpXm-cyhpw kpm-]n-X-hpamb Am-Za
- nI Kth-jW
- ^
- e
-
- v
shdpwh-am-\- adp-]-Sn-bm-Ip-ns--Xp-sIm-p-Xs Kuc-h-X-c-amb
Hcp Nbn ]cn-K-W-\-bln-m-2009 Pqsse--

34

XmWv {]kvXpX D-c-Wn-I-sf-nepw

hnj-bm-h-tem-I-\-ns ka-{K-X-pthn Ah-sb-qSn \nc-p-i-amb \ncq]-W
- n\v hnt[-ba
- m-p-hm \mw k-am-hp-I-bm-Wv.
Is-gpv]Ip-I-fpsS Imegw sXfn-bnm Ftm-f-Pnv anj-\dn-am k s{^U-dnIv sIt\ym-Wns
{]i-kX
v a
- mb Hcp hmNIw km[m-cW
- bmbn FSpv D]-tbm-Kn-m-dp-v. At-lns "Zn ss__n B v Bntbm-fPn' (e-, 1940) F ]pkvX-In \np Xmsg tNn-cn-p
]cm-ai-amWv Ftm-f-Pnv kmln-Xy-fpsS In-p-cp-v:

""-FXv ]pXnb\nba ]pkvX-I-sa-Spmepw AXns cN-\m-Im-e-L-hpw

\ne-\np-X
- n shv Ghpw ]pcmX-\a
- mb AXns Is-gpp{]Xn-bpsS
Bte-J-\-hjhpw Xn Xn--fbm- h p- {X \nm- c - a mb CS- t h- f tb
Dq Fv ImWm Ign-bpw. AXp-sImp Xs BZy-ambn Fgp-X-s cq]n Xs-bmWv ]pXn-b-\n-baw \apv Xe-ap-d-I ssIamdn e`n-n-cn-pXv Fv \nw-ibw ]d-bmw.'' (B-ib-hn-h-\w, The Bible And Archeology,
]pdw 288-289)
Ftm-f-Pn-p-I Fgp-s-nv
sImp-\-S-p ]g-In-{Z-hn Cu sIt\ym {]kvXm-h-\v ]t bmYm]pkvXIw
ambn
amtmkv
eqtmkv
tbml-m
Atm-kvX-e-{]-hr-nI
tdma
1 sIm-cn-y
2 sImcn-y
Kem-Xy
F^-ky
^nen-]y
sImtfm-ky
1 sXk-sam-\o-Iy
2 sX-k-sam-\o-Iy
1 Xntam-n-tbmkv
2 Xntam-n-tbmkv
Xotmkv
^nse-tam
F{_m-b
bmtm_v
1 ]t{Xmkv
2 ]t{Xmkv
1 tbml-m
2 tbml-m
3 tbml-m
bqZm
shfn-]mSv

BZy-ambn Fgp-X-s cq]-n Xs-bmWv

]pXn-b-\n-baw \apv Xe-ap-d-I ssIamdn
e`n-n-cn-p-Xv F ]g-In-{Z-hn sIt\ym
{]kvXm-h-\v bmYmYy-hp-ambn ]pe-_w
t]mep-an-s-mWv ]T-\- hy-am-p--XvYy-hp-ambn ]pe-_w t]mep-an-s-mWv ]T-\
- hy-am-p-X
- v. {]K`cmb cv ]pXnb \nb-a-K-th-j-I-cp-sS(1)
\nXm-]
- c
- n-{i-a^
- e
- a
- mbn 1995 ]pd-nd-nb "Zn sSIvv Hm^v Zn \yq sSvsa v: B C{S-U- p Zn {Inn FUn-jkv B v p Zn Xnbdn
B v {]mIvokv Hm^v tamtU sSIvBte-J-\-hjw
CE 200
aqmw \pmv
CE 200
CE 125-150
aqmw \qmv
CE 200
CE 200
CE 200
CE 200
CE 200
CE 200
CE 200
CE 200
aqmw \qmv/\memw
\memw \qmv
\memw \qmv
CE 200
aqmw \qmv
CE 200
aqmw \qmv
aqmw \qmv/\memw
aqmw \qmv/\memw
aqmw \qmv
aqmw \qmv/\memw
\memw \qmv
aqmw \qmv/\memw
cmw \qmv

2009 Pqsse--

35

\qmv

\qmv
\qmv

\qmv

\qmv

v {Innknkw' (HmIvkvs^Uv bq\n-thgvknn {]kv) F ]pkvXI

-
- n \nv
FSpptNn-p Hcp ]n-I-bmWv
Xmsg. hnhn[ ]pXn-b-\n-ba]pkvX-I-fpsS Ghpw ]g--ap Is-gp-p-]Iv Fgp-Xs
- Ime-L- hpw AXns
KpW-\n-e-hm-chpw ]n-I-bn \nv hy-ambn a\-n-em-Ipw.(2)
Is-gp-p-{]-Xn-bpsS Ah
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
]qW-amb D-Sw
]qW-amb D-Sw
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-
]qW-amb D-Sw
A]qW-amb iI-e-
A]qW-amb iI-e-

am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw

am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw
am{Xw

am{Xw
am{Xw

Hv
cv
CE 200
cv/aqv
aqv
aqv/\mev
\mev
\mev/Av
Av
Av/Bdv
Bdv
Bdv/Ggv
Ggv
Ggv/Fv
Fv
Fv/H]Xv
H]Xv
H]Xv/]v
]v
]vv/]Xn-s\mv
]Xn-s\mv
]Xn-s\mv/]{v
]{v
]{v/]Xn-aqv
]Xn-aqv
]Xn-aqv/]Xn-\mev
]Xn-\mev
]Xn-\mev/]Xn-\v
]Xn\v
]Xn-\v/]Xn-\mdv
]Xn-\mdv

0
2
4
2
30
10
29
16
39
14
61
11
40
7
53
9
184
6
277
18
672
46
1047
42
945
45
819
10
412
6
330

PwsIm Is-gpp{]Xn-I-fpsS Fw

\qmv

"Xn--f-bm-hp-{X \nm-c-amb
CS-thf' Hcp sIt\ym-Wy `mh\ am{Xam-sWv ]n-I-bn \npw {]-kv]-jvSam-W-tm.
Hmtcm \qm-nepw cq]w-sIm ]pXnb\nba Is-gpp{]-Xn-I-fpsS Fw ImWn-p asmcp ]n-Ibpw
AtX- ]p-kvX-I-n \In-bn-p-v.
_lp-`q-cn-`mKw Is-gp-p]-Ip-Ifpw
BZy-\q-m-p-I ]nn tijw Psa-Sp--h-bmWv Fv hyIv-Xam-p
B ]n-I-bmWv NphsS tNn-cn-p-Xv.

]e ]pXn-b-\n-ba`mK-fpw hnhn[
Is-gp-p-{]-Xn-I-fn hyXykvX cq]-fn-emWv tcJ-sp InS-p-Xv F
hnai-\s t\cn-Sm\pw Ftm-fP
- n-pI-fpsS In-ep Bbp[w sIt\m-Wy amXr-I-bn-ep Nne ]WvUnX{]kvXm-h\
- I
- Xs-bm-Wv. ]c-kv]c
- t- `-Z
- ImWn-p ]pXn-b-\n-ba hN-\-sfmpw aX-]-c-amb hnj-b- {]Xn]m-Zn-p-n-spw AXp-sImp Xs
{]kvXpX sshcp-[y- {InkvXym-\n-

coXn-I-fn tcJ-s-Sp--s-) 1440- e--fn hmN-I-v Hn-e-[nIw

]mT-t`-Z- \In-bn-cp-p. hymJym\- { ]- [ m- \ - a mb aX- h n- j - b - - f n- t ev
shfnw hoip--h-bm-b-Xp-sIm-mWv
]{Xm-[n]kanXn Cu 1440 e-v
{]m[m-\yw I]n-Xpw Ahsb Xncs-Sp--Xpw. 1984 tN ]{Xm-[n]-k-an-Xn-bpsS tbmKw \ne-hn-ep 1440\v ]pdsa aX-hym-Jym-Xm-sf kw_n-n--S-tmfw {][m-\-s-Xpw Fm Is-gpp{]Xn-I-fn ]ckv]c
- h
- y-Xymkw ImWn-p-X
- pamb 284 `mK-p IqSn-bp
]mT-t`-Z- {K-n ]pXpXmbn Ds]-Sp-m Xocp-am-\np.''
(B-i-b-hn-h-\w, B.M.
Metzger & B.D.Ehrman, The Text
of The New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption And Restoration, 2005, ]pdw 192-194)
{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS aX-]-camb Pohn- X - n- \ m- [ m- c - a mb
`mK--f Is-gp-p]IpI-fn ]c-kv]csshcp[yw ]pep-Xv F anj-\dn A-

{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS aX-]-c-amb Pohn-X-n-\m-[m-c-amb

`mK--f Is-gpp]Ip-I-fn ]c-kv]csshcp[yw
]pep-Xv F anj-\dn A-hn-izm-k-n\v
hkvXp-X-I-fp-ambn bmsXmcp _-hp-an-
I-fpsS aX-]-c-amb Pohn-X-s Hcp
\nepw _m[n-p-n-spw jm^v,
hm^oUv, shkvtIm-v,- tlmv,- tdm_vk XpS-nb ]pXn-b\
- n-ba ]WvUn-Xam-sc-bp--cnv "kaYn-p'
Ftm-f-Pn-p-I-fp-v. Fm hkvXpX-sb-mWv? sSIvz {Inn-p-I
kzmb\p-`-h-nsSnm-\-n hy-am-p-Xv t\mpI:
""1966 Hc-m-cm-jv{S-k-an-Xn-bpsS
Hcp Zim-_vZ-m-es ]cn-{i-a-^-e-ambn Is-gp-p-{]-Xn-Isf ]cn-K-W-\o-bamb coXn-bn D-cnpsImp-ff {Kov ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-]-Xnv ]pd-n-d-n.
ss__n hnZymYn-I-sfbpw ]cn-`m-jI-scbpw Dt-inv Xm-dm--s Cu
]pXn-b-\n-b-a-n kwi-bm-kv]-Z-amb
(hn-hn[ Is-gpp{]Xn-I-fn hnhn[
2009 Pqsse--

36

hn- i zm- k - n\v hkv X p- X - I - f p- a mbn

bmsXm-cp _-hp-an-sv ASn-h-c-bn
hmN-I--fn \nv kpXcmw hyyw!
Igp- hna-i-\
- v _men-ia
- mb
D- c - W n- I sImv {]Xn- t cm[w
Xop-I-fbmw F hytam-l-ns
h\m-he-b
- n \nv Ftm-fP
- nv
kplr-p- FmWv c-s-SpI?
Ipdn-p-I
1. Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland
2. ]n-I-bn "A]qW-amb iI-e-
am{Xw' Fv ImWn- n- p Nne Isgpp{]Xn-I-fn Htm ctm hN-\-
am{X-amWv BsIqSn-bp-f-f-Xv.

hnh: apkvX^m Xho

(Xp-S-cpw)-

-kzm-`m-hn-I-am-sbmcp -amw

ap_m-dv XncqmSv

Hcp IqpIm-cs\ ImWm h-Xmbn-cpp Abm. -]-cn-N-b-s--tm

ktmjw tXmn. -Hcp apkvenw IpSp-w_-n, Ckvem-anI Npp-]m-Sn Pohnp `- m-hhpw thj-hp-am-Wb
- mv. GXm\pw hj--fmbn Abm Ckvemans {]Im-i-n-se-n-tn-v. Cu
{]Imiw Is-n-b-sXn-s\sb---dnbm -a-\-p-sIm-Xn-p. -Rm AXn-s\n At\zjn-p. A-bm ]d-p-Xp-S-n: -Hcp aetbm-c{Kma-n-em-bn-cpp Rm P\n-Xpw hf-Xpw; -l-cn-P-m-cpsS kaq-ln. \mep hoSp-Is-fmgn--v _mn
apgp-h apkvenw-I-fm-Wv. -A-\v Ipesm-gn-emb Ips\bvv.- Fp a-fmWv R. tP-jvTamcn Hcm cmjv{So-b-n-se-n. B _-n Hcp
km B^o-kn tPmen. -a-sm-cmv s]bv nw-Kv. -k-tlm-Z-cn-amsc sIn-b-p.
- s N- d p- - nse Bcm- [ - \ m- I ? -Rm tNmZn-p. A-e--fn-sempw t]mIm-dn-; -A-Sp-smpw Ae--fn--Xm-\pw. -ho-n\p apn Hcp
I{]-Xn-jvT. -Ip-e-ssZ-htam C-jvS-ssZhtam tZh-Xtbm Hpan. B I{]Xn-jvTp apn Bcm-[\m`mh-n
ssIIqn \npw. -]q--fn-pw,
A{XXs. A Nnd IqtSm{X]WnI-sfms sNp-am-bn-cp-p. -a-p-]-epw thn-bmWv A[n-I-hpw.
]mw mkv ]mmbn. kvIq-]-T\w Ign-p. apkvenw Npp-]m-Sv; -Iq-pIm. A-a-Ise tImtf-Pn {]oUn-

{Knp tNp. -AXp ]qn-bm-bn.

\m-bn -h-c-p-am-bn-cp-p. AXn-\n-Sbn Hcp Iqp-Im-c aptJs\ pUntbmbpambn _-s Hcp tPmen-sNm Bcw-`n-p. -I-f t^mtm-I {]ns-Sp-m HmU-dp-I kzoI-cn-p. -AXp-ambn tImb--q t]mIpw. -tIm-gntm-t-m NmPv Ipd-hm-W-hn-sS.
BZyw asm-cmfpsS Iognepw ]noSv
kz-ambpw B tPmen-sN-bvXp.- \ hcpam-\-ap-m-bn-cpp Imiv hon sImSppw. -ho-p-Impw ktm-jw. R--fpsS {]tZ-iv kpn-I-fptSbpw apPm-ln-Zp-I-fp-tSbpw -{]-`m-j-W CS-nsS \S-m-dp-v. -an--hmdpw
]mbkw, Imh C-s\-sb-s-nepw
Ip-Sn-m-\p-m-Ipw. Rm\pw AXp IpSnm t]mIpw. -A-Xn-\n-S-bn {]kw-Khpw Ipd-sms tIpw. k
- pn apPmlnZv Bi-b- Gsd-psd a\-n-emphm Ign-p. A- IqtSm{X]WnsNbvXncpXv shdpw Xn-m-sWv a\n-em-m A[nIImew thn-h-n. {]iv\]cn-lm-chpw -sI--gn--ep-amWv
A[n-I-hpw. I-mWv {][m\\nth-Zyw.
Nn-c--I-fn Ism-gnv {]Xn-jvTv
Nppw shpw. -]ns ]qPm-I-.
aZyw ssZh-n\v An-pI FmWv
kw. ]s, kwKXn HSp-hn-se-pI Asbpw apw hb-n-em-bn-cn-pw.
-C-cw Imnq--ep-I kzm`m-hn-Iambpw Fn shdp-p-mn. Rms\mcn-epw a
- Zyw Ign-n-n-. ]e-Xh
- W t{]cn-n--s-s-nepw Hp cpNnp t\mp-hm t]mepw tXmn-bn-. Cu I--fnepw ]s-Sp-n-. -Xo-bmbpw,
ssZhn--I-amb A\p{Klw Xs-bm-bn-cnWw B hrn-tI-Sp-If
- n \n-Ip

2009 Pqsse--

37

\nm -t{]-cn-n--Xv.
R-fpsS hoSn-\-Spv Hcp ss{]adnkvIq -Dv AhnsS Jp-B ]T\mkv XpS-p-p-s-d
- n-p. A
- X
- n
]s-Sp-m Fp-sImtm Bi-bpm-bn. X
- p-Sw apX ]s-Sp-p. JpB kq- A[ym-]-I ]d-bpXv tIv -a-e-bmf A-c--fn FgpXn-sh-p. A
- h sNmn ]Tn-p. ImWmsX
sNmm\pw ]-Tn-p. -\q-dn-e-[nIw ]Tn-Xm-fp-m-bn-cp-p. cphjw B mkv
\op-\n-p. Rm apS-msX ]s-Spp. -C-kvem-ans\ Ipdnv Iptd Imcy {Kln-p.
Nne apkvenwkplr-p-sf Inn.
-A-h-cp-ambn ZoL-amb N-Ifntes-p. {- ]-]
- s AJnew krjvSnp
]cn-]m-en-p H-cp-h\v am{Xta Bcm[-\-I-fn-m -]m-Spq F ASnm\hnizmkw -e-fn-X-amWv, bphpw
\ym-b-hp-amWv; {Kln-m {]bm-k-an-.
-ip-]mi-I-cn-, CS-bm-f-cn-, -aq-pw
IqSnb Hv, Hv IqSnb aqv -F ko-X-I-fn-. -hn-iz-kn-m\pw BN-cnm\pw {]bm-k-an-. -Im-cp-Wy-hm-\mb
ssZhw Xtm-sS-m-ap-v. -Xs honp sImn-cn-p-p-v. -Xs a\n-se Nn-I t]mepw Ahs\ H-fnm-\m-hn-. B Imcp-Wy--S-en-emWv
Rm \on-p-Sn-p--Xv -F t_m[w cbpw kam-[m-\hpw \In. -a-cWm-cw cmw PohnXw AXmWv bYmY Pohn-Xw. -I-v {]Xn-^ew
\I-s-Spw. -Ir-Xy-amb hnNm-c-W. tijw \c-Iw, As-n kzKw. -A-{I-anIpw Al-m-cn-Ipw Al-amb
in e`np Hcn-S-apv FXpw
A{I-an--s-Sp Bew_lo-\v

c-bpv FXpw Nnd Bizm-ka

-
\Ip-I.
A-Sp {]tZ-i--fn \S-p
{]`m-jW ]cn-]m-Sn-I ap-S
- msX tIm t]mbn-p-S-n. -B-Zym-h-km\w
{inp tIpw. A-Xn-\n--Sb
- n tPmen
\jvS-ambn. ASp {]tZ-i--fn -Ift^mtm {]nwKv kuI-cy-ap-m-bncp-Xp sImv -Zq-tcp sImp t]mtI Bh-iy-an-msX hp. -]n-oSmWv s]bv nwKv tPmen-bn Gs-Xv. -kvI-qfn \Sphn-cp Jp-B
teWnwKv mkv apSn. -]-Tn-Xm-
{ItasW Ipd-p-h--XmWv Imc-Ww.
-]n-oSv Ipd--Isebp teWnwKv mkn t]mIm Bcw-`n-p. -A-hnsS shv Ad_n A-ca
- me ]Tn-p.-- G-It- Ziw
aqv amkw sImv Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNm ]Tn-p. a-smcp kplrvamjm- b n- c pp Atlw- { ]- t XyI
Xm]cyw ImWn-p. ]e hnj-b-fpw
]Tn-n-p. A-tlw e-p Znh-k-fn an--hmdpw At-l-ns hon Xs An-bp-d-pw. tPmen Ipd-I-se-bm-bn-cp-p. -B-gvN-bn Hcn-
hon hcpw. \a-kvImcn sNm-t {]mY-\-I amjmWv F\np ]Tnnp X-Xv.
AXn-\n-S-bn Hcp kw`-h-ap-m-bn.
sXm--Sp ]n-bn {]`m-jW ]cn]mSn Dsv Adnv tIm t]mbn. D-d--Sn-bn hn-cn-m Hcm-
]d-p. -A-Xn-\nsS Ipip-Ip-ippw XpSn. A
- X
- n\p in-IqSn Rm ]Xps
FWo-p. -sh-dpsX Rm a-qew Hc-kzX Dm-t. Rm ew hnp.
-]n-o-S-dnp P\--fpsS Ipip-Ip-ippw Akz--Xbpw -i-cn-b-. Ckvemw
{Kln-Ww, ]Tn--W-sa-m-{K-lnp
hcp-b
- mv ]n-bn InS-m\pw Ccn-m-\p-sams A\p-hmZw sImSp-mw.
-A-Xp-X-S-bm ]mSn Fsms ]dv -A-s {]`m-j-I in-bmbn
{]kw-Kn-p -F-v. -]-c-tem-Is kw_nv Hcp {]kwKw tIXv B CS-mWv. lr-Zbkv]rmb Ah-Xc
- W
- w. kzKw, \cIw, hnNm-cW F-n-h-sbms
hni-Zo-I-cn-Xv a\-ns Bg--fn-tev Cd-n-s-p. Rm\msI Akz-\mbn. F-\np \a-kvImcw ]Tn-np
X amjv FtmSv Hcp Imcyw ]dncpp. icn-bmsWv tXm-n-bm Ckv-

emw kzoI-cn-W
- s
- a-v; ilm-Zv Iena A-tlw sNmn--cm-sa-v. Cu ]ctemI {]kwKw Fs ]nSn-p-I-f-sv ]d-tm. kXyw CXm-sWv
t_m[y-s-p. -C\n aSn-p-\nm
Bhn-.
GI-tZiw aqp hjw Ignp.
Bdp-amkw app-Xs Ckvem-ans
kXyw F\np t_m[y-s-n-cp-p. -]t, Amev ]nimNv Fs Hp
]nSn-IqSn FmWv Ctm Rm a\n- e m- p- - X v . Jp- B teWnwKv
mknse ]Tn-Xm--fpsS Hcp kwm\kwKaw tImgn-tmSv shv -\-S-n-cpp. Ftbpw Wn-n-cp-p. -Rm
tImg-n-tmSp t]mbn. Jp-B ]T-\m\p-`-hs Ipdnv ]d-bm FtmSv
Bh-iy-s-ncp-X\p-k-cnv Xm-dmbn
Xs-bm-bn-cpp Rm t]mbn-cp--Xv.
am-Xr-`q-an, Iem-Iu-apZn hmcn-I-I nc-ambn hmbn-n-cp F\nv A
- k
- vKd
- en
Fn-\o-b, \n-Xy-ssN-X\y XpS-n-bh-cpsS teJ-\
- lrZy-am-bn-cp-p. Ah-cpsS t]cp-I-fp--cnv Hcp _pn-Pohn
ssSn Rm -{]-kw-Kn-Xv {]tXyIw
{in--s-p. ]-ecpw Chyq \Sn
Fs t^mtm-klnXw dn-tmp-I
A-Sn-p-h-p. -\m-n-sems Adn-b-sp. B {]knn Fs Xe-p-]n-Sn-p.
A]w Xe-\w h-tXmSp IqSn Rm ]T\w \S-n. -]-t, hon Akz-X-I-fm-cw-`n-p. -a-I \jvS-s-Sptam
F `bw IpSpw-_mw-K
- f
- n ]nSn-IqSn.
"-G-sX-nepw amn-f-nsb sIn Ch-\p t]mIpw' Fv -A-h \ymb-ambpw
in-p. -Im-cWw A-s\-sbm-s-bmWv Ah Ip]cn-Nb
- np t]mn-p-Xv. -am-Xm-]n-Xm-fpw ktlm-ZcoktlmZ-c
- mcpsams Ch\v A\y-cmbn Xocpw
F `b-tmsS Ah s]cp-am-dm XpS-n. B Ah Hcp Bdp-amkw XpSp. -A-Xn\p tij-amWv kzK-\-cI
{]kwKw tI-Xv. -A-tXmsS Rm BSn
Dep Fp ]d-p-h-tm. Rm
Ckvemw kzoI-cn-m Dd-p. Iqp-Imc\mb amsj tXSn-tmbn. Atm amjpw -Ip-Spw-_hpw Hcp ac-W-ho-n t]mbn-cn-p-I-bmbn-cpp. Rm aS-n-tmp. -Rm-s\mp IqSn Akz--\mbn.
\nm\pw Ccn-m\pw hm Ah. -cm{Xn sshIn amjv hon-se-p-atm R
- m hopw amsj Xncp honse-n. -A-tm cm{Xn ]v aWn Ign-

2009 Pqsse--

38

n-cn--Ww. amjpw IpSpw-_hpw Ddngn-n-cn-p-p. h

- o-Sns D-dv
Rm \np. F
-
- p-sN-W
- w? hnfn-pWn Bhiyw -]-d-mtem! AXp-th amjv N
- Ssmw Ignv oWnv
D
- d
-
- p-Ibm-hpw. D
- d
-
- a
- p-Wt. Rm aS-n. C\n HcmgvN Ign-mse amjns\
ImWm ]q. -Im-n-cn-pI Xs. AsXmcp hm Imn-cn-m-bn-cp-p.
Fs Pohn-X-n C{X-b-[nIw sSj A\p-`-hn thsd ka-b-an-. tlm!
Fs ssZhta! Rms\-m\pw ac-Ws-m -Fs Ah. F\n-m-temNn-m\pw IqSn h. In-S-n-p-dw hcpn-. `Ww Iogvtm-n-d
- p-n-. kz-ambn Ccn-m-\m-Ip-n-.
Hcp BgvN AhnsS Fs\ Ignp-Iq-n-sbv F\n--dn-bn-. B Znh-k- Ah-km-\n-p. amjv hp. DSs\ -sNv Ip hnh-c- ]d-p. -I-gn-mgvN cm{Xn cm-aXpw Xncn-pt]mb-Xp-amw ]d-p. cp-t]cpw ]
-
- n-bn-tev
t]mbn; hpfp-sh-Sp-p. a
- K
- vcn_v Ign-np,v R cp-t]cpw ]n-p- apI-fn-tep Ib-dn. a-mcpw Ahn-sS-bn-.
"AivlZp Aem-Ceml C-m-lv h
AivlZp A apl--Z dkq-ep-mlv' Rm AXv Gp sNmn. Bcm[\l Amlp am{Xw, apl- Zv
Ahs ZqX. -Rm kmn, Fs
PohnXw kmn. -tijw aKvcn_v \akvI-cnp. amjv Cam-ambn \np. Fs
incp Rm `qan-bn shp. -Po-hn-Xn-en-tmfw Rm Bp- ap-nepw
Xe-Ip-\n-n-n-. A-s\ Xe-Ip-\n-p kz`m-hhpw F\n-n-. -tem-ssIItem-I-sf ]S cn-Xm-hns apn, -A-hs hon, Ahs ssNX\yap akvPn-Zn -Rm kpPqZv sNbvXp.
-A-tXmsS HcmgvN Rm sImp \S
sSj A{]-Xy--ambn. -a-\-ns
`mcw Fhn-sStbm t]mbn adp. Akz-X
- I
- hn-I
- p. ]
- d
-
d
- n-m-\mhm imX Fn \nd-p. ho-n \npw \a-kvI-cn-m-\m-hpam-bn-cp-n-. sXmSp hmb-\m-im-ebmWv Rm\-Xn\v kuI-cy-s-Sp CSambn I-n-bXv. hmb-\m-im-e-bpsS
hmXn-e-Sv Rm \a-kvI-cn-pw. ]etmgpap-mb ck-I-c-amb Hcp A\p`hw -]-dbmw. Rm hmXn-e-Sv Ipn-bnv

\a- k v I - c n- m \nm HmSn- h cpw

Fs ktlm-Zcn. \
- a
- k
- I
v mcw Ign-bmsX
hmXn Xpd-m Ign-bn--tm. A-h
Ftm kwi-bn-p. hon Akz-X-I ]Sp. -A Icbpw. Ch
\jvS-sSp-atm FmWv thh-em-Xn.
A--\p {]Xn-I-cWsam-p-an-. ktlmZ-cn--ammWv henb Bi--I. Rm
apkven-am-bXv Ah Adn-n-n-. ]pdp\nv apkvenw Abhmkn-I-fn
\nv ]eXpw tIp--XmWv -A-hsc
Bi-m-Ip-e-cm-p--Xv. -td-jIS-bn
t]mb A\n-b tdjIS-m-cs
- \tm
]-d--Xp-tIv Ic-p-sImv hon
hp. R
- m-\h
- s\ ]dv kam-[m-\n-np.
tNem- I w sNm Fs

]n-mv kzoI-cn-m\mIp-am-bn-cpn-. Ah -X-d-hmp apkvenw-I-fm-Wv.

""am-w Ign-mtms\ ]n-bn Ib-m ]tz-m?'' Jpp-_b
- n Camw Cu
hnjbw ssIImcyw sNbvXp. Ckvemw
]Tn-m h
- c
- p-h
- \p t]mepw kuIcyw
sNbvXp-sImSpp-I-bmWv th-Xv. ZuXy-kw-L-ambn Fnb {InkvXym-\n-Iv A-h-cpsS Bcm-[-\-sN-m {]hmN-I aZo-\]
-
- nbn A\p-hmZw sImSpp-sh-sXms {]kn--am-Wv. Ip-dv
Ign-m-Wv Rm kpv Iw \Sn-bXv. \m-p-Im-c-W-h-m-cpsS A\njvSw IW-n-se-Spv Rm -A-h-cpsS ]n-bn t]mbn-. Ipd--I-se-sbmcp
ke-^n-a-kvPn-Zn-emWv Rm t]mbn-

sm-n-cp--Xv. -Hcp hnhm-l-s-pdnv IqpIm kwkm-cn-p. -B-tem-N\

\S-p. \m-p-Im-cn-bmb A^vfe
- p Dea
]mkmb Hcp s]Ip-n-sb-bmWv HSphn Xnc-s-Sp--s--Xv. hn-hm-l-tijw Ah-sf-bp-ambn hon t]mbn. -IpSpw-_-hp-ambn Ah \ coXn-bn CSs-p. -A-h `Ww hnfn sImSpp; H-n-n-cpv `Ww Ign-p. k
- vt\l-tmsS s]cp-amdn, Ah-cpsS Bi-I AI-p. k-tm-ja
- mbn C
- t- m
cv a-fp-v. HcmWpw Hcp s]pw.
kp-lr-p-f
- psS klm-bt- msS ew hmn. -hoSv shp. `m-cy-tPmen
sNpp Rm\pw. k-am-[m-\-tmsS
Ign-pIqSp-p. A-m-lp-hn\v kvXpXn.

(aX]camb kwIfpw......... t]-Pv- 5- \n-v- Xp-S-)dn-mbn sImSp-n-cn-p-p. D]n

33/20 "G' Gtem tl C{kmbo
Fp ImWmw. "G' C{kmbo-ens
ssZhw Fm-W-XnsbYw Fv a\n-em-mw. Dn 35/5 bmtm_v
ssZhw X\nv ktiw \Inb env "t_tY' Fv t]cn-X
- mbn ImWmw. ssZh`h\w FYw. G Fv
eLp-hmn D-cn-mepw "A' Fv
Xdnv D-cn-mepw Cu ]Zw Ad-_n`m-j-bnse emC-eml C Am-lph-msX Bcm-[y-\n(ssZ-h-an) F
hN-\-nse "A' Xs-bm-sWv
]nSn-hm-in-bn-mhsmw {Kln-mw.
A-{_lmw _m_n-te-Wn-b-m-c-\mbn-cp-p(Cs CdmJv). Atl-ns `mj At-l-ns km-\--fpsSbpw `mj-bm-bn-cn-pw. \qm-p-If
- psS
ISpt]mI-ep-I-fn Nne Dm-c-W-t`Z- kw`-hn-n-cn-mw. Fm Xsbpw kam-\-X-I kphy--ambn Ahti-jn-p-p. amtmkv kphn-ti-j
- n 5/41 "XeoYm Iqan' F F{_mb
]Zw ImWmw "_mentI Fgp-tq'
Fv AYhpw sImSp-n-cn-p-p.
Iqao FXv Ad-_n`mj-bn "Fgp-tq' F B-p kv{Xoenw-Kcq-]am-Wv. 7/11 Jp_m--h-gn-]mSv F ]Zw ImWmw. AXpw Ad-_n-`m-jb
- n AtX AY-n D]-tbm-K-n-encn-p-p. 7/34 ImWp "F^Ym'
Xpdq FYw sImSp-n-cn-p
]Zw "C^vXlv' FmWv Ad-_n-bn
Dcn-p--Xv.

D]n 26/21 "Fskv' "hnhmZ-hkvXp' FbY-n D]-tbm-Kn-ncn-p ]Zw Ad-_nbnse "iv-kwibw' F ]Z-hp-ambn kam-\X ]pep-p. D]n 26/25 "dlvs_mv-hn-im-e-ew' F ]Zw ImWmw.
dlv_n\v Ad-_nbn hnimew FmWYw. ]pd-mSv 15/23 "amdm Ibvv' F ]Zw Ad-_n-bn "apdv' Fv
D]-tbm-Kn-p-p. "_mA' Ic-n-em-Wv
Ad-_n-bn ko\w 84/6 "_m Xmgvhc-bn-eqsS ISp t]mIp-tm' F hmIy-nse "_m' et-cm-Wv. AXn-\m Hmim\ ss__nfn AXv As\ Xs D-]-tbm-Kn-ncn-p-p. Fm ap ]e ae-bmf
ss__n-fp-Ifpw "Ip\o Xmgvhc'
Fv B e-t-cns\ ]cn-`m-j-s-Spn-bn-cn-p-p. GXm-bmepw "_m'
Ad-_n-bnse "_mAv' Xs-bm-sWv AXp-sImv sXfn-bp-p.
"Atem _mq' "Ic- b p
Hmpac'amWv . F{_mb `mj- b n
"s_-bm-ao' heXp]-ns ]p{X\m-sW-n Ad-_n-bn AXns DmcWw "_nb-ao' FmWv. F{_mb`mj-bnse "G' "F' "A' Fo
{]tbm-K
- s
- fmw Ad-_n-bn A]w
Dm-c-W-t`-Z-tmsS "Amlv' Fv
D-cn-pp F-sXm-gn-m A{_-lmans Imew sXmv At- l - ns
km-\-]-c--c-I-sfmw Xs ssZhs hnfn-n-cp t]cm-Wv F-Xn
kwi-bn-m-\n-. kn-KvZ-L--n

2009 Pqsse--

39

GXv F{_m-b-\n \npw tIp

\ne-hn-fn-bmWv \mw Ipcn-in tI-Xv.
kzKnse ZqX-mcpw AtX t]cn-emWv ssZhs kvXpXn-p--Xv.
tbip {]kw-Kn ssZh-ns kphntijw Atlw {]kw-Kn AtX cq]nepw `mj-bnepw \ne-\n-n-cp-s-n hnhn-[-`m-j-m-cmb Fgp-p-Im
"ALLELUYA'v hcp-nb Dm--c-W-t`-Z Ip-]n-Sn--p-am-bn-cp-p; ae-bm-fn-teXv "lt-epb' Fmn amnadnm-\m-hp-am-bn-cp-n-. Ad-_n-bnse
"Amlp AAvem' ssZhw AXyp--X, "Amlp XBem'AXyp--X-\m--bncn- p Amlp XpS- n- b - h - t bmSv
"A-epb'ASpp \np-p.
\{km-b-\mb tbip-hns A\p-bmbn-Isf \{kmWn Fv hnfn-p-Xv
Ah-cmcpw Bt-]-ambn FSp-n-.
Fm apkvenwI, GsX-nepw Xcn-ep hyXn-N-e\w {]I-Sn-n-p-hsc, \osbv \{km-Wn-bm-sWv tNmZn-p-tm AX-hsc ZpxJn-n-pw, Hcp
apkvenapw GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-n
\npw hyXnNe\w kw`-hn--h-\m-Wv
Xms\v Bt-]n-s
- -Sm CjvSs
- Sp-n-. ico^v tate-Xn Hcp \{kmWnsb \{km-Wn-sbv hnfn-m AXv
Bt-]-ambn {InkvXym-\n-I IWm-n-. Ahsc \ Cukm-\-_nbpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-pXv AwKo-Im-c-am-bmWv ImWp-I.
A_vZp aPoZv I-Sn-tmSv

Jp-B\pw- km-aq-ly-im-kv-{X-hpw-2

C-kv-em-an-s- am\p-jn-Iap-Jw-

s{]m-^-.- ]n- A-p--

Bbpv, BtcmKyw,
hnm-\w, k-v,
km-\- XpS-nb
F-a A\p-{K-l--f-{Xbpw
Amlp km-\n
\-I-fm-Wv. Cu \-I-fp-]tbm-Kn-p-sImv
kaq-l-n \-I
hmcn- hn-X-dWw. Ans\
kaq-l-n kPo-h-ambn
Pohn--Ww

tZiw, `mj, hWw, PmXn, aXw,

m\w, am\w XpS-nb sshPm-Xy-Xo-X-ambn GtIm-Z-c-k-tlm-Z-c-sf-tmse Pohn-p-tmtg kaqlw
`{Z-am-hp-Ib
- p-p. AXp km[y-am-IW
- s
- an Hmtcm hyn-bp-sSbpw a\v B
DZm-h
- n-Xm-\
- n-tev Db-cW
- w. AXn\p JpB Ah-Xc
- n-n-p Nne \ntZ-i- {inq!
""tl; a\pjytc, Xobmbpw \nsf \mw Hcp BWn \npw Hcp s]n \npambn krjvSnncnpp. \n At\ym\yw AdntbXn\v \nsf
\mw hnhn[ kapZmbfpw tKm{Xfpw BpIbpw sNbvXncnpp. Xobmbpw Amlphns ASpv \nfn Ghpw BZcWob \nfn Ghpw [\njvT ]menph\m-Ip2009 Pqsse--

40

p. Xobmbpw Amlp kPvR\pw kqvaPvRm\nbpamIpp''(49:13)

hyn-Kmw-`ocyw, kap-Zm-b-h-epw,
tKm{X-a-ln-a, Xd-hm-Sn-w XpS-n-b-hsbmpw ssZhn AwKo-Im-c-n\p am\-Z

- f
-
- . hnizm-kh
- n-ip-nbpw Ia-hn-ip-n-bp-sam ssZh-`-nbpsS DS-a-bm-Wv ssZh-n- BZ-cWo-b. kap-Zm-b-fpw hwi--fpw
tKm{X-fpw a\p-jy-m ]ckv]cw
Adn-bm-\p Amlphns kwhn-[m\--fm-Wv. At\ym\yw a-cn-m\pw
alXzw m]n-m-\p-ap-X
-
- . bYmYn a\p-jyn-S-bn-se Fm D-\oN-Xz-p-sa-Xn-cn-ep a\p-jym-hI
- mi-{]-Jym-]-\-am-Wn-Xv. AXp \S--s-Xm-I-s, 1400 hj--p-dhpw. 23
hj-p-n AXp {]tbm-K-h-cn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. hf-sc-bSp Imep am{X-amWv sFIy-cm-jv{S-

k-`-p-t]mepw C-c-samcp
{]ta- b - s - n Nnn- m
Ign--Xv. AXn-s {]tbm-Kh-c-W-am-I-s, anYy-bmbn
XpS-cp-Ibpw sNp-p. hKn-sbpw hW-n-sbpw
hwi-n-sbpw `mj-bp-sSbpw
tZi-n-sbpw PmXn-bp-sSbpw
fmb B

y
c
aX-n-sbpw apw t]cn-ep
m
n-h
- yw,
, HuZmc
n\v A\
X
hnth-N-\--fpw kwLj-
I
v
X
n
k
h
\
n- a
q-ly-Po
nime
KpW-h
a
h
m
fpw kwL- - \ - fpw sIme,
n
k

X
m
n
Z
mb

b D
Ifpw bp-fpw hsc Cu
]qW-a
ogvNma\
-Wv Jp
XpS-n
m
h
p
a
w

n
Z
b

h
i
m
,
m
u-l
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imkv{XobbpK-n-epw \S-p- a
al-\o-b
kwb
, aX-k

X
p
b
s
W
v
I
p
sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Idp-n-j
-Sp-
aX-k-l
n-sb

h\pw shfp- - h - \ pw, Adf

h

-Xv
ti-j-
_nbpw A\- d - _ nbp- s ams
n-n-p-
c
X
h
Htc amXm-]n-Xm--fp-sS kmB A
\--fm-sW hnim-e-ho-W- nt\ a\p- j yn- S - b nep D-\o-N-Xz hn-]mS\w sNm Ign-bq. AXm-Wv {]Jym- AY-i
-
- n-Sb
- n-m hn[w hnfw-_cw bpw sNpw. Ahsb iIm-cn-p-Itbm
]n--Xpw. cmPmhpw {]Pbpw Idp-- sNpp: ""aXns Imcyn _e- Ah-tl-fn-p-Itbm sNbvXm Ahh\pw shfp- - h \pw ]W- m- c \pw {]tbmKta C. kamKw ZpamK- cpsS hnImcw {hW-s-Spw. Ah {]tIm]Wn-m-c\pw apX-em-fnbpw sXmgn-em- n \nv hyambn thXncnv ]n-X-cm-Ipw. Ah Amlpsh iIm-cnfnbpw Ad-_nbpw A\-d-_n-bp-sams Ignncnpp. BIbm GsXm- t-pw. AXp-sImv AXn-s\mpw CStXmtfmSptXmfp-cpn `{Z-amb tIm cm ZpaqnIsf Ahnizknp- h-c-cp-sX al-\o-bm-[ym-]-\-am-Wv Jpt]mse AWn-tN-v \np \a-kvIm- Ibpw Amlphn hnizknpIbpw B \Ip-Xv: ""Amlphn\p ]pdchpw kn- { i- a mbn kt- f n- p- s Im- sNppthm Ah ]nSnnpXv _e- sa Ah hnfnv {]mYnphsc
p lpw Htc ka-b
- p {hXm- ap Hcp IbdnemIpp. AXv s]mn- \n iImcncpXv. Ah hnhc-an\p-jvTm\hpw k- Zcn-{Z-\p-ambn tmIpItb C. Amlp(Fmw) msX AXn{Iaambn Amlpsh
]p-sh-p kImpw Cu ho-W- tIph\pw Adnbph\p-amIp- iImcnm AXv ImcWamtbpw.
ns \nZi-\hpw Jp-B-\n-Im-i-b- p.'' (2:256)
A{]Imcw Hmtcm hn`mKn\pw Ahcpns {]Xn-^-e-\-hp-am-Wv.
sS {]h\w \mw `wKnbmbn tXmnAXp-sImv apl-Zv \_n tbmSv
ncnpp. ]noSv AhcpsS cnXmaX-k-ln-jvWpX
{]Jym-]n-p-hm I]n-p-p. ""\nhntemWv AhcpsS aSw. Ah
Ckveman-Im-Zi-ns ASn-- v \nfpsS aXw. F\nv Fs aXsNbvXpsImncpXns\nsbmw
dbpw ]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb hihpw GI-ssZ- hpw'' (109:6)
Atm Ah Ahsc Adnbnp-h-hn-izm-khpw GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bp-amAXyp-Zm--amb asmcp \ntZiw XmWv.'' Jp-B Ah-tcm-Smbn ]dWv. ]s, Ch Xopw hyn-]-c- t\mq! ""_lpssZhhnizmknIfn
bpXnXmWv: ""A; Xobmbpw CXv
amb Imcy--fm-Wv. Jp-B Ah-X-cn- hh\pw \ns ASp A`bw tXSn
Hcp Dt_m[\amIpp. BIbm
n-p bpn-`-{Z-amb ZrjvSm-- hm Amlphns hN\w Ah
B Dtinppthm AhcXv Hmanp
hgn GI-ssZ-h-amb Am-lpsh Is- tIp {Klnm thn Ahv A`bw
sIms'' (74: 54,55)
-Ww. Ah-\n ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-- \IpI. Fnv Ahv kpcnXXz""CXv temIv thnbp Hcp
Ww. B hnizmkw {]Jym-]n--Ww. Hm- ap kvYev Ahs\ FnpsImSpDt_m[\amsX
asmpa. AXmtcm sRmSn-bn-Sb
- n-sebpw PohnXw ApIbpw sNpI. Ah Adnhnm bXv \nfpsS Iqn \nv t\sc
s\-bm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw thWw. CtXm-sSmHcp P\hn`mKamWv FXp sImm- \nesImm Dtinhv thn.''
w hnizm-k-]-chpw Ia-]-c-hp-amb JpWXv'' hni-Zo-I-cWw Bh-iy-an-m-- (81:27,28)
B-\n-Im-[ym-]-\-fpw {]hm-N-I-N-cyhn[w kphy-w.
imiz-X-amb ]mc-{Xn-I-Po-hn-X-n
Ifpw KpW-Imw-m-]qw ap a\pasmcp Xcw hnizm-k
- m-cpv. Ah- \c-I-ap-nbpw kzK-{]-th-ihpw Dd-pjyv Fnp sImSp-p-Ibpw thWw. Fm Ch {]tIm-]nn-tm, ]e in-I-sfbpw hyn-I-sfbpw h-cp--Ww. AXn\p Wn-I-amb Cl- o-hn-X
- n Ign-hns ]c-am-h[n
{]tem-`n-ntm ASn-tn-t-X
- n-, hkvXp--sfbpw -{]-Xn-`m-k--sfbpw tem-IP
ASn-tn-m ]mSn-. Jp-B Bcm-[n-p-Ibpw hnfn-p-{]mYn-p-I- \ BPn-p-Ibpw Xn hPn-p2009 Pqsse--

41

Ibpw sN-Ww. AXn\p ]cym-]vX-fmb D]-tZ-i-\ntZ-i--fp-sSbpw hn[nhn-e-p-I-fp-sSbpw kam-lm-c-amWv JpB. AXp Fm a\p-jypw thnbp--Xm-Wv. AXp hmbn-m\pw ]Tnm\pw ]mc-{Xn-PohnXw {Ia-s-Sp-phm thn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m\pw
Fm-hpw _m[y-X-bp-v. Ch-b{Xbpw aX-]-cn-h-\-n-eq-sS-b-,
a\x-]-cn-h-\-n-eq-sS-bmWv t\tS-Xv. AXp-sImpXs aX-]-c-amb
]-]m-X-n\pw hKo-b-Xpw JpB Xopw FXn-cm-Wv. ap Xc-nep ]-]m-Xn-Xz-fpw ]mSn-. \oXnbpw \ymbhpw Aapkvenw ]-m-sWn Ah-sc-bmWv ]np-W-t--Xv.
Nne-{]-hm-N-I-h-N-\- IqSn t\mq:
""kzw Bfp-Isf A\ym-b-n \o
]np-W-p-I(sb-Xm-Wv hKo-bX)''
(A_q-Zm-hqZv)
""hKo-b-X-bn-tev Wn-p-h \n s]-h-\-, hKo-b-X-bpsS
t]cn bp-n-tes--h \n
s]-h-\-, hKo-b-X-bpsS t]cn acnp--h\pw \n s]-h-\-'' (A_qZm-hqZv)
AXp-sImv hKo-b-Xbpw hKo-bhm-Zhpw Xopw hPnt--Xm-Wv.
CXp-t]mse Xo{h-hm-Zsbpw `oI-ch
- mZ-sbpw Ipg---sfbpw Jp-B
Xopw \ncm-I-cn-p-Ibpw \-Isf
]c-am-h[n t{]mm-ln-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. ""Amlp \n\v \InbnpXneqsS \o ]ctemIhnPbw tXSpI.
sFlnIPohnXn \nv \n\p
Hmlcn \o hnkvacnpIbpw th.
Amlp \n\v \a sNbvXXv t]mse \obpw \a sNpI. \o \mn
Ipgn\v apXnccpXv. Ipgapmphsc Amlp Xobmbpw CjvSsSpX.'' (28:77)
t\mq! F{X kp-c-amb A[ym-]\w! ]c-tem-I-tam--amWv BXy-n-Ieyw. Bbpv, BtcmKyw, hnm\w, k-v, km-\- XpS-nb
F-a A\p-{K-l--f-{Xbpw Amlp
km-\n \-I-fm-Wv. Cu \-I-fp-]tbm-Kn-p-sImv kaq-l-n \-I
hmcn- hn-Xd
- Ww. Ans\ kaq-l
- n
kPo-h-ambn Pohn--Ww. kky-e-XmZnI shp-]n-Sn-n-p--Xnepw Ahv
shhpw hfhpw \Ip--Xnepw hni-

p Pohn-Iv Blmcw \Ip-Xn-ep-sams ]pWy-ns {]`m-]qcw

Zin-p Zi-\-amWv Ckvemw. Wn- I - a mb cmjv { Sob `uXn- I - h n- ` - h v thn hKobhnjw NopIbpw PmXn-a-X-hn-tZzjw {]N-cn-n-pIbpw Xo{h-hm-Zhpw `oI-ch
- m-Zhpw Bbp[-am-p-Ibpw sImbpw sImebpw
Bkq-{XWw sNp-Ibpw \-I am{Xw sNmcn-p-sIm-n-cn-p kkye-Xm-Zn-Isf shn \in-n-p-Ibpw D]Im-cn-I am{X-amb ]n-ar-Km-Zn-Isf
Acnp hogvp-Ibpw Zml-P-e-t{kmX-p-Isf aen-\-am-p-Ibpw imn-tKl--fmb Bcm-[-\m-e-b-sf CSnp

HXpnshpIbpw, a\pjyv amp\IpIbpw sNphv thn.

(Acw) kIImcnIsf Amlp kvt\lnpp''(3:134)
ImcWw Ah-cmWv tZmj-_m-[sb
kqnv [a-\njvT ]men-p ssZh`--m. kam-[m-\-]qW-amb kmaqly- P o- h n- X - n\v A\n- h m- c y- fmb
B-kw-b-a\w, hnp-hogvNma\-n-Xn,
hnim-e-a-\-kvI-X, HuZm-cyw, aX-k-lnjvWp-X, aX-ku-lmZw XpS-nb DZm KpW-hn-ti-j- hfn-sb-Spp-Isb Xpey-X-bn-m al-\o-bmi-b-am-Wv Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xv.
t\mq. ""\ns cnXmhv Dtinncp-

kaq-l-n kPo-h-ambn Pohn-p-tmtg PohnXw

AY-]qW-am-hp-I-bpp. AhnsS ]e acym-Z-Ifpw
]men-t--Xp-v. {]k--`m-hw, A`n-hm-Z-\w, lkvX-Zm-\w,
\oXn-]m-e-\w, Icm]m-e\w XpS-n-bh DZm-l-c-W-
\nc-p-Ibpw kam-[m\ CS--fmb
]mn-S-v Xo sImfp-p-Ibpw
ITn-\m-zm\ ^e--fmb ap km-Zy \in-n-p-Ibpw sNp \njvTqc-msc Amlp Hcn-epw CjvS-s-SpI-bn Xs. Ahv Cl-tem-Ipw
]c-tem-Ipw Ak-am-[m-\-am-bn-cnpw
A\p-`-hn-tn hcn-I. hnp-hogvN sNp-Ibpw amv \Ip-Ibpw kwb-a\w
]men-p-Ibpw sNp kpIr-X-hm-msc-bmWv Am-lp-hn-\n-jvSw. Jp-B
hy-am-pp: ""(AXmbXv) ktmjmhkvYbnepw hnjamhkvYbnepw
Zm\- [ sNpIbpw, tIm]w

2009 Pqsse--

42

pshn `qanbnephscmw Hnv

hnizknpambncpp. Fncns P\ kXyhnizmknIfmIphm \o
Ahsc \n_npItbm?''(10:99)
Aic-W
IpSpw- _ - _ - - a p- - h - t cm- s Smw
Ah-i-m-pw B-ew-_-lo-\-m-cm-bnp--hpw Zm\-[a- sNp--Xns alXzw hy-am-p [mcmfw
Jp-B hN-\- ImWmw. Nne DZml-c-W-: ""\nfpsS apJ Ingtmtm ]Snmtdmtm XncnpI
FX ]pWyw Fm Amlp-

1967 \hw-_ 7 \p am{Xw sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bpsS P\-d

Akwn AwKo-I-cn "kv{XoIs-Xn-sc-bp hnth-N\ hn]m-S\
{]Jym-]-\'nse hnth-N\ hn]m-S\w, Xpeym-h-Im-iw,
thm-h-Im-iw, DtZym-Km-h-k-c-k-a-Xzw, hnhm-l-aqey {Ib-hn-{I-bm-hIm-iw, `mcy-`Xr-k-a-Xzw, hy`n-Nm-c-\n-tcm-[w, hnZy-`ym-k-ku-I-cyw,
hnZy`ym-km-\p-Iq-ey-a-h-k-c-k-aXzw, Xpey-tPm-env Xpey-th-X\w
XpS-nb hIp-p-I t]mepw {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-n\v th{X
DX-In-bn-n-s--Xn\v B\p-Im-enIkaqlw aXn-bmb sXfn-hm-Wv
hnepw, AyZn\nepw, aepIfnepw, thZ{Knepw, {]hmNIamcnepw hnizknpIbpw, kznt\mSv
{]nbapmbnpw AXv _ppw,
A\mYIpw, AKXnIpw, hgnt]mpw, tNmZnp hcphpw,
ASnatamN\npw \IpIbpw, {]mY\ (\akvImcw) apd{]Imcw \nhlnpIbpw, kImv \IpIbpw, Icmdn Gs]m AXv \ndthp-I-bpw,
hnjaXIfpw ZpcnXfpw t\cnSptmgpw, bpcwKpw a ssIsmpIbpw sNbv X hcmtcm AhcmIpp
]pWyhmam. AhcmIpp kXyw]menh. Ah XsbmIpp (tZmj_m[sb) kqnh.'' (2:177)
""...IpSpw__aphv Ahs
AhImiw \o \IpI. AKXnpw
hgnt]mpw (AhcpsS AhImihpw). \o ([\w) Zphybw sNbvXv
IfbcpXv...'' (17:26)
A\--c-h-Imikzv `mKn-p-tm t]mepw C-c
- msc ]cn-KW
- n-W
- sa-m-Wv Jp-B-\nI\ntZ-iw. ""...(kzv) `mKnp k`n (ap)
_ptfm, A\mYItfm ]mhshtcm lmPdpmbm AXn \nv
Ahv \n hXpw \IpIbpw,
AhtcmSv acymZbp hmv ]dbp-Ibpw sNtXmIpp'' (4:8)
Ch-sbmpw A{X Ffp-a
-
- . Fmn\pw kpZr-V-hn-izm-k-n \npXv`qX-am-Ip Akm-am\y a\x-nXn A\nhm-cy-am-Wv. Jp-B {inq! ""Fnv
B aemXbn Ah XnS-n. B aemX FmsWv \n\dnbmtam? Hcp ASnasb tamNnnpI.
Asn ]nWnbp \mfn `Ww

sImSppI. IpSpw__-ap- A\mYbvv Asn ISp Zmcn-{Zyap

km[phn\v'' (90:11-16)
A\m-Y-I, AK-Xn-I, hn[-h-I,
ASn-a-I XpS-n-b-hpw `Ww,
hkv{Xw, ]mn-Sw, NnIn-, hnZym-`ymkw, sXmgn XpS-nb ASn-m-\-]c-fmb Bh-iy-f
- pv. AXn\pw ]cnlmcw thWw. D-h klm-b-n-s\p-Itb \nhm-la
- p-p. D-h\v B\w, Cm--h\v Bizm-kw D-h\pw
Cm--h\pw Xn-ep AI Ipdbp-p. kaqlw `{Z-am-Ip-p. PmXn-, aX,
-hK, -hW-, tZ-i-, `m-jm-]-cn-K-W-\Iv A-Xo-X-am-bn-mWv Cu \ntZ-i- s fm- s bpw \Is- S psXv
HmWw. AXp Xs Bcp-sSbpw
Bm-`n-am-\s {hW-s-Sp-n-smm-Ic
- p-Xv. Jp-B ]d-bpp: ""... \n Zm\[ ]ckyambn sNppshn AXv \Xp Xs. Fm
\nfXv clkyampIbpw Zcn{Zv
sImSppIbpamsWn AXmWv
\nv IqSpX Daw...'' (2:271)
P\-k-w
kaq-l-n kPo-h-ambn Pohn-ptmtg PohnXw AY-]qW-am-hp-I-bpp. AhnsS ]e acym-Z-Ifpw ]men-t-Xp-v. {]k--`m-hw, A`n-hm-Z-\w,
lkvX-Zm-\w, \oXn-]m-e-\w, Icm]m-e\w XpS-n-bh DZm-lc
- W
-
- . Jp-B
]d-bpp: ""\nv A`nhmZyw Ansm AXns\m saam-bn
(Atmv) A`nhmZyw AnpI. As-n AXpXs Xncnp\IpI.
Xo-bmbpw Amlp GsXmcp Imcyn-sbpw IWv t\mph\m-Ipp.'' (4:86)

2009 Pqsse--

43

""...]pWynepw [\njvTbnepw
\n At\ym\yw klmbnpI.
]m]-nepw AXn{Ianepw \n
At\ym\yw klmbncpXv...'' (5:2)
""...kXyhnizmknItf, \n
Amlphnv thn \nesImphcpw, \oXnv kmyw hlnphcpambncnpI. Hcp P\XtbmSp Aa-jw
\oXn ]menmXncnm \n-v t{]cIamIcpXv. \n \oXn ]men-pI.
AXmWv [\njvTtbmSv G-hpw ASpXv. \n Amlpsh kq-npI. Xobmbpw \n {]h-np-Xns\ Ipdnsmw Amlp kqvaambn Adnbph\mIpp...'' (5:8)
""...Xv Zmcn{Zyapmbm
t]mepw kztZlsfm aphv Ah {]m[m\yw \IpIbpw sNpw. GsXmcm Xs a\ns ]nipn \nv ImpcnsSppthm
Acm XsbmIpp hnPbw
{]m]nh'' (59:9)
""kXyhnizmknItf, \n kZpIfn kuIcysSpn sImSppI
Fv \ntfmSp ]dbsm \n
kuIcysSpnsImSpWw. Fn
Amlp \npw kuIcysSpncpXmWv. \n Fgptv t]mIWsav ]dbsm \n Fgptv t]mIWw. \nfn \nv hnizknhscbpw hnPvRm\w \Ishscbpw
Amlp ]e ]SnI DbpXmWv.
Amlp \n {]hnpXns\
]n kqvaambn Adnbph\mIpp.''
(58:11)
CsXmcp hiv. adp-h-iv ]e
Imcy-fpw hPn-t-X
- p--apv. clky-

- k w- ` m- j - W w, clkyw tNm,
Akqb, ]I, hntZz-jw, tIm]w, AXym{K-lw, ]nip-v, Dul-, ]cnlm-kw,
Gj-Wn, ]c-Zq-jWw XpS-nb \nc-h[n
ZpKp-W- shSn-tb--Xp-v. Ahp Jp-B-\nI \ntZ-i-fpsS Nne DZm-l-c-W- t\mmw. ""kXyhnizmknItf, \n clkykw`mjWw
\SpIbmsWn A[n\pw
AXn{Ian\pw dkqens\ [ncnpXn\pw \n clkykw`mjWw
\ScpXv. ]pWynsbpw `b`nbpsSbpw Imcyn \n clkyD]tZiw \SpI. GsXmcp Amlphntev \n HcpanpIqsSptam
Ahs\ \n kqnpIbpw sNpI'' (58:9)
""kXyhnizmknItf, Duln
anXpw \n shSnbpI. Xo-bmbpw Duln NneXv IpamIpp.
\n Nmchrn \SpIbpw AcpXv. \nfn Nne Nnescn Ah-cpsS A`mhn Zpjnp]dbpIbpw
AcpXv.'' (49:12)
""kXyhnizmknItf, Hcp P\hn`mKw asmcp P\hn`mKs ]cnlkncpXv. Ch (]cnlknsSph)
Ahscm \hcmbncptmw. Hcp
hn`mKw kv { XoI asmcp hn`mKw
kv{XoIsfbpw ]cnlkncpXv. Ch
(]cnlknsSp kv{XoI) ahscm \hcmbncptmw. \n
At\ym\yw Ipphmv ]dbcpXv. \n ]cnlmkt]cpI hnfnv ]ckv]cw A]am\npIbpw sNcpXv. kXyhnizmkw ssIsmXn\p tijw
A[mnIamb t]cv (hnfnpXv)
F{X No! hh\pw ]ivNm]nm ]w Acm XsbmIpp
A{IanI'' (49:11)
""\o (AlmctmsS) a\pjycpsS t\v \ns Ihn XncnpIfbcpXv. `qanbneqsS \o s]mw Imn \SpIbpw AcpXv. Zpc`nam\nbpw s]m-mc\pamb bmsXmcmsfbpw Amlp CjvSsSpIbn.'' (31:18)
""\ns \Sn \o anXXzw ]menpI. \ns i_vZw \o HXppIbpw
sNpI. Xobmbpw i_vZfpsS
Iqn Ghpw shdppfhmpXv
IgpXbpsS i_vZas{X'' (31:19)

""\n inm\S]Sn kzoIcnpIbmsWn (FXncmfnIfn \nv)

\nfpsS t\scbpmb inm\S]Snv Xpeyamb \S]Sn \n kzoIcnv
sImpI. \n anpIbmsWntem AXp XsbmWv amioev
IqSpX Daw'' (16:126)
""\pWb\pw \nsIh\pambnph\mtcm Ahs\ Amlp t\hgnbnempIbn; Xo.'' (39:3)

]dbpIbpw sNpI.''(33:70)
""Nohmv ]ckyampXv
Amlp CjvSsSpIbn. t{Zmlnshv HgnsI. Amlp Fmw tIph\pw Adnbph\p-amIp-p.''
(4:148)
""kXy\ntj[ntev [rXnsv
aptdnsmncnph \ns
ZpxJnnmXncns. Xobmbpw Ah- Amlphn\v Hcp t{Zml-hpw hcpm- t]mIpn. ]ctemIn Ahv Hcp ]pw
sImSp-m-Xncnm Amlp Dt- i np- p. I\-
in-bmWv Ah-p-Xv.
Xo-bmbpw kXyhn-izmkw
hnp kXy\ntj[w hm-nbh Amlphn\v Hcp t{Zml-hpw hcpm t]mIp-n. thZ-\-tbdnb inbmWh-p-Xv'' (3:176,177)
""hnizknt]ns
A\map- I AhbpsS
Ah- I minIv \n-
sImSpp hoWsapw,
P\- - n- S bn \n
XopI- ]n- p- I - b msWn \oXntbmsS XopI]n-Wsapw Am-lp
\ntfmSv I- ] npp.
F{Xtbm \ D]tZiamWv
Ah \nv \IpXv. Xo-bmbpw Fmw tIp- h\pw ImWp- h\p-

ssewKnIsmgn F Hma-\-t-cn hy`n-Nmcw Acp

XIp-I-bm-Wv. AXp-hgn Gphmp--Xm-I-s FbvUvkv
t]mep amc-I-tcm-K--fpw. kv{Xo[-\-`bw ImcWw Bwt\ym
skkkn-eqsS \S--s-Sp enwK-\nWbn Ipv
s]m-sWp Im {`qW-lXy \S-pp
""...hymPhmn \npw \n
AIv \npI.'' (22:30)
""hymPn\v kmn \nm
hcpw, A\mhiyhrnI \Spn-Sp IqSn t]mIpIbmsWn am\yamcmbnsmv ISpt]mIp-hcpamIpp Ah'' (25:72)
""kXyhnizmknItf, \n Amlpsh kqnpIbpw, icnbmb hmv

2009 Pqsse--

44

amIpp Amlp.'' (4:58)

am\p-jnI_- Dun-bp-d
- n-m A\n-hm-cy--fmb Nne \nb-a-
am{X-am-Wn-h. CXp-t]m-se-bp FmSpw \ntZ-i--fn-\nbpw ImWmw. Chbp-sS-sbmw t{kmXv \nc--c-\mb
apl-Zv \_n As-pw kh-\mb Amlp Xs-bm-sW-p-at
_pn-bpsS hn[n?

]p-kv-X-I- Ip-dn-vin-lm-_v- sX-m-Sp-]p-g-

_lp-`m-cyXzw
{]iv\tam
]cn-lm-ctam
(kw-hm-Zw)
kpssl Np--d,
Fw.F. Imct-cn

_lp-`m-cy-Xz-s-p-dn-p N-I kPo-h-ambn \ne\np-smcp Npp-]m-Sn-eq-sSbmWv tIc-fob kaqlw ISp

t]mbn-sm-n-cn-p--Xv. _lp-`m-cyXzw Ckvem-ans krjvSn- b m- s Wv {]Nm- c Ww \S-

pI hgn Ckvem-ans\ ASn-m-\p hSn-sbmcp-p-I-bm-Wv _lp-`m-cy-Xzs Hcp {]iv\-w

am{X-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-p ]e-cp-sSbpw eyw. Ime--fm-bp hnhn[ aX--k-aq-l-fpsS Ncn-{X--fnsem-s Xs _lp-`m-cyXzw
tkm]m-[n-I-ambn \ne-\n-n-cp--Xmbn a\-nem-m Ignbpw. ASp Imev ]pdv
h Nne skk-kp-I-fn t]mepw Ckvemta-X-c-amb Nne kaq-l--fnse _lp-`m-cy-Xzns Db \ncv ImWm Ign-bp-p-v.
]cn-jvIm-cn-I Fv kzbw Ah-Im-i-sSp Nne _lp-`m-cy-Xzs I-Sv hnainm-dp-v. Ckvemw ]Tn-n-p _lp-`m-cyXz
k{-Zm-b-ns ss\XnI-Xtbm am\-hn-IXtbm a\-n-em-p-Xvt]mepw bmYm-k-vYn-XnI- X z- a mbn hne- b n- c p- p C- c - mv
apkvenwkaqlw bYm-hn[n a-dp]S-nI -\Imdpv. CnjbIamb- N-bn FSpp ]dtb Hcp IrXn-bmWv Np--d-bnse "s\lvd
_pIvkv' ]pd-n-d-nb "_lp-`m-cyXzw {]iv\-tam ]cn-lm-ct- am-k
- w-hmZw' F {Kw. 1996
Pqsse 28\v tImgn-tmSv Fw.Fkv.-Fkv HmUntm-dn-b-n shv "_lp-`m-cyXzw {]iv\tam
]cn-lm-ctam' F hnj-b
- n tUm.-Fw.-F
Imc-t-cnbpw kpssl Np--dbpw Xn
\S kwhm-Z
- ns ]pkvXI
- m-hn-jvIm-ca
- mWv
Cu IrXn.
Ckvemw _lp-`m-cy-Xzw A\p-h-Zn-pp Fpw \_n bpw klm-_n-Ifpw AXv kzoI-cn-Xv Ime-L--ns Bh-iy-I-X-bm-bn-cp-pshpw ]d Imc-tcn amjv AXv {]tXyI
kml-N-cy--fn am{Xw A\p-h-Zn--s--XmsW-pw ka-Im-enI kaq-l-n AsXmcp{]iv\w am{X-am-sWpw m]n-m-\mWv {ian-Xv. _lp-`m-cyXzw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-o-cp--hcpsS {]iv\
- v Fv ]cn-lm-ca
- mWv \ntin- m- \ p- Xv F tNmZy- n\v "CXn\v
Rms\v ]cn-lmcw ]dbpw? Fs In Hcp
]cn-lm-c-h-pan. Hcp _mKpv, AXn ]cn-lmc-an' F At-l-ns adp-]Sn hn-sc-hI
- m-is
- ]-Sp-h
- c
- psS A-Xbpw kmaq-lyt_m-[-an-mbvasbbp-amWv shfn-s-Sp-p--Xv.
A[zm-\w, ]Ww, tkh-\w, bpw XpSn
Kth-j-W-]-co--W- hsc ]e \ne-p-apff ]cn-lm-c--fm-sW-n IqSn ]e-tmgpw
AXv {]iv\-ambn amdpp F \ne-bn-ep
efn-X-amb DZm-l-c-W--fn-eq-sS-bmWv _lp-`mcyXzw Hcp {]iv\-sa--Xn-ep-]cn ]e {]iv\-fp-sS-bpw ]-cn-lm-c-amWv F Imcyw kpssl
Np-d kaYn-p--Xv. Ahn-hm-ln-Xcpw
hn[-h-Ifpw \ncm-ew-_cp-amb \nc-h[n kv{XoIfpsS {]iv \ - - f n- e qsS ISp t]mIp
2009 Pqsse--

45

kpssl auehn Ckvemw \nt-inp I]-\-I ]menp sImp

_lp-`m-cy-Xz-amWv CXn-\p-ff ]cn-lm-csav \nt-in-p-p. Ccp-h-tcm-Sp-ap-ff
kZ-ky-cpsS tNmZy-fpw Ah-p
adp-]-Snbpw tamU-td--dpsS D]-{I-a-hpsamw _lp-`m-cyXzw Hcp {]iv\-sa-Xn-t\-m \nc-h[n {]iv\--fpsS ]cnlm-c-am-Wv F {]km-[-I-cpsS {]N-cW eys kmY-I-am-p-p.
_lp- ` m- c y- X z- s - p- d n am[yaN-I-fn-sempw Xs _lp-`m-cy-Xzn In-If
- mb kv{XoI-fpsS {]Xn\n[n--Isf ImWm-dn-. Ckvemw A\p-h-Znp _lp- ` m- c yXzIpSpw- _ - - f n
\np aqv h\n-X-I-fpsS teJ-\- Cu ]pkvX-I-ns {]kn h[nn-p-p. "hnhmlw Ignq ctm,
aptm, \mtem'--\m-C-a.-_n.- tdm-_v,
_lp-`m-cyXzw Hcp s]] hmb\-sI. ^mXzna klvd, {]kn km-cXm {]hI dm_n-bb
-- p-sS-"Fs au\
s\m-c--' F IrXn-bn \npw
Nne `mK- Fnh X-sf-tmse
kpjvS IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw \bn-m
`mKyw e`n-m ktlm-Zc
- n-am-tcm-Sp
kl-Xm-]-a; Ckvem-anse _lp-`m-cyXz-k-{-Zmbw \Ip ]cn-c--bmWv
hy-am-p--Xv.
Ckvem-anse _lp-`m-cyXzw kw_n Zmi-\n-Ihpw {]am-Wn-I-hp-amb
hi- N sNp \nv Hm^v {Sqv Ub-d-IvS Fw.Fw AIv_dp-ambp Hcp A`n-apJw Cu IrXn-bn
Ds-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-Xv hgn hnj-bs-p-dn ka-{K-amb [mcW hmb-\m-cn-epmp-saXv Xo-bm-Wv.
_lp-`m-cyXzw tImS-Xn-I-fn Nbm-hp-Ibpw _lp-`m-cyXzw \nbaw aqew
\ntcm-[n-m \nb-a]
- c
- n-jvIc
- W In
km-dn\v dntmv \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p Cm-ev Xs "_lp-`mcyXzw {]iv\tam ]cn-lm-ctam' F
Gsd {in- - s - S p Xe- s - n
A\p-Iq-en-p-h
- pw hnai-Ipw
Hcp-t]mse kp{Km-ly-amIpw hn[w {Kan-d-n ]pkvXI {]km-[\ cwKv
khn-ti-j Imshv \S-nb "s\lvd
_pIvkv' A`n-\
- \
- a
- ln-p-p. 30 cq]bmWv hne.

amXm-]n-Xm-tfm-Sp-I-S-a-I-

iao aZ-o\n

apthn IjvS-s-Sp--hcpw
a-fpsS \ `mhnv thn {]b-Xv\np-h
- c
- p-amWv amXm-]n-Xm-. asf
ip{iqjnp-Ibpw Ahv Xmpw
XW-ep-ambn hn-p-Ibpw sNbvX
amXm-]n-Xm-v B{i-b-am-h-iy-ambn
hcp-tm klm-b-n-\mbn kzw
asf InmsX hm GsXmcp amXmhpw hne-]np t]mIpw.- B-{i-bhpw
klm-b-hp-am-Ip-n-sv am{X-a- D]{Z-h-ta]n-p Xc-n-emWv AhcpsS s]cp-am---sf-ntem? B {Iqc-XbpsS hepw hnh-cn-m Xqen-I-I
Ai--am-Wv. kzw a-fn \nv
Xp-ey-amb Zpc-\p-`h
-
- f
- p-m-hp-tm am{Xta ]epw B apdn-hns Bghpw thZ-\-bpsS ImTn\hyw a\-n-emm km[n-p-I-bp-p.
B[p-\nIkaq-l
- n Gsd \ng-enp ImWp Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-am-Wn-Xv.
amXm-]n-Xm-sf ]cn-KW
- n-m a

Cm-ev \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. Ahsc BZcn-t--Xn\v ]Icw Ah-tl-fn-p

a hmp-I sImpw {]hnI sImpw Ahsc D]-{Z-hn-p-Ibpw
Xs `uXn-Im-k-vXn-Xz-n\v \nan-amb B ]mh-sf sImpIf-bm
hsc apXn-cp a-fpsS Fw h[np
hcp-X
- m-bn-mWv ]{X-am-[y-a \-s
Hman-n-p--Xv.
amXm-]n-Xm- Hcp `mc-ambn tXmp-tm Ahsc sImp-t]mbn hrk-Z-\--fn G]nv Bizmkw sImp a hm HuZmcyw sNbvX`m-h-n-em-Wp--Xv. Acw hr-k-Z\--fnepw AK-Xn-a-n-c--fnepw Ign-bp amXm-]n-Xm- kwXr-]vX-cmtWm
Fv Ah-tcmSv Xs tNmZnp t\mpI. Pohn-X-nse k-S- Ah
AhnsS ]c-kv]cw ]p-shv ]eXpw
ad-m {ianv Pohn-Xs
- a henb `mcw
Xn-\o-m InWp {ianp sImn-cn--bmWv Ah-cn `qcn-`m-Khpw.
Fv sImns\-bmbn? ssZhnIamKZi-\--fn \npw AIv Pohn-Xns ^ew. av [manIt_m[w
]Ip\Im-Xp sImv amXr-]nXr _--fpsS alXzw Ah Xncn-dn-bmsX t]mbn.
]hn-{X-amb _w
]SXp-cms krjvSn-bmWv a\pjy-sc-nepw Ah-cpsS P\-\-ns
{]Xy--n-ep Imc-W-m-cmbn hn-Xv amXm-]n-Xm--fm-Wv. Ckvemw
Cu _s AXn-a-l--c-ambn ImWp-p. tIhe hnIm-c-i-a-\-n\p thn CW-tN-ce
- n bmZr-n-Ia
- m-bp-mb
Hm-bn- Ckvemw CXns\ ImWp-Xv. BZ-cn-p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-p-Ibpw
sNt, IS-a-Ifpw IS-m-Sp-I-fp-ap

2009 Pqsse--

46

al-mb _-am-WXv. B _-n \nmWv kXy-n ap _-fpmbXv. Amlp ]d-bpp: ""a\p-jytc, \nsf Htc BXvamhn \nv
krjvSnpIbpw, AXn \npXs
AXns CWsbbpw krjvSnpIbpw,
Ah Ccphcn \npambn [mcmfw
]pcpjamscbpw kv{XoIsfbpw hym]nnpIbpw sNbvXh\mb \nfpsS
cnXmhns\ \n kqnphn.
GsXmcp Amlphns t]cn \n At\ym\yw tNmZnp sImncn-ppthm Ahs\ \n kqnpI.
IpSpw__sfbpw (\n kqnpI) Xobmbpw Amlp \nsf \nconp sImncnph\mIpp.'' (4:1)
amXm- ] n- X m- v \- s N- m
hnip-J
- p-B ]ehpcp Bhn-pp-v. Amlp ]d-bpp: ""XsbmsX \n Bcm[ncpsXpw, amXm]nXmv \asNWsapw \ns cnXmhv hn[nncnpp. Ahcn (amXm]nXmfn) Hcmtfm Ah
cv t]cpw Xstbm \ns ASp
shv hm[Iyw {]m]npIbmsWn AhtcmSv \o sO! Fv ]dbpItbm,
IbpItbm sNcpXv. AhtcmSv \o
am\yamb hmv ]dbpI. ImcpWytmSv IqSn FfnabpsS NndIv \o Ah Ccphpw XmgvnsImSppIbpw sNpI. Fs cnXmth, sNdpn
Ch Ccphcpw Fs t]mnhfnbXv t]mse ChtcmSv \o IcpW ImWnWta Fv \o ]dbpIbpw sNpI.''
(17:23,24)
kzw amXm-]n-Xm- Ahn-izm-knIfpw ssZh-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-am-sW-n
t]m-epw B _w ]cn-KW
- np sImv

Ahv \-I sNbvXp sImSp-m

Jp-B {]tXyIw DWp-p. ""a\pjy\v Xs amXm]nXmfpsS Imcyn- \mw A\pimk\w \In-bncnppoWn\pta oWhpambnmWv amXmhv Ahs\ K`wNpav
\SXv. Ahs apeIpSn \npXmIs cphjw sImpamWvFtmSpw \ns amXm]nXmtfmSpw \o \nImWnq. Fs ASptmWv (\ns) aSw. \n\v bmsXmcp Adnhpanm hXns\bpw FtmSv \o ]ptNp Imcyn Ah Ccphcpw
\ns ta \n_w sNepp ]w Ahsc \o A\pkcncpXv. CltemIv \o AhtcmSv \\nebn
klhknpIbpw, Fntev aSnbhcpsS amKw \o ]npScpIbpw sNpI. ]ns Fs ASptmIpp
\nfpsS aSw. Atm \n {]hnncpXns\n Rm \nsf
hnhcadnbnpXmWv.''(31: 14,15 )
Ahn-izm-kn-bmb amXm-hp-am-bp
BZikwL--\-n-em-bn-cpp {]hmNIiny-\mb kAZv_v\p A_o hJmkv . Atlw {]hm-N-I apl-Zv
\_n bpsS BZiw kzoI-cn--Xn
amXmhv lw\ ISp Ak-pjvSn {]ISn-n-p. Ah aIs\ Xs Xocp-am-\n \nv ]nn-cn-nv ]q aX-n ]nSnp \nm InWv ]cn-{ian-p. Ah-km\w lw\ aI kAvZnt\mSv ]dp: ""tams\, \o \ns ]pXnb aXw Dt]-n-p-Xv hsc Rm
`Ww Ign-p-Itbm shw IpSn-pItbm C. As\ Rm ]nWnInSv acn-pw. ]noSv "amXm-hns\ sImh' F t]cn BfpI \ns
Bt]npw.'' lw\-bpsS i]-Y-hp-ambn Znh-k- Ign-p. amXm-hns
kvYnXn thZ-\n {]nb ]p{X- kAvZv
hmsX {]bm- k - s - p. Hcphiv
kvt\l-\n-[n-bmb amXm-hv. adp-h-iv
Xm Xncn--dn, kXy-ns amKn- Xs {kjvSmhpw cn-Xm-hpamb Amlp Ahs ZqX apl-Zv
\_n bneqsS ]Tn-n Ckvem-sa
al-mb BZiw. kSw ISn--an kAvZv {]hm-NI kn-[n-sen
hnh-ca
- d
- nbnp. Cu ]m-e
-
- n-emWv
hnip--Jp-B-\nse {]kvXpX kq Ah-Xc-- n--Xv.

hm[-Iy-n-em-b-bm-fp-I ]e-X-c-n-ep-ff kwkm-c-fpw

s]cp-am--fpw {]I-Sn-npw. ]eXpw _pn-iq-\yhpw
A\-h-k-c-n-ep--Xp-am-tb-pw. AXv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.
AXn Ah-tcmSv tZjy-s-Sp-Ibpw Ibp
kwkm-cn--p-Ibpw sNcp-X-v
As\ sXfn-a-bm BZi-ns kXy-]m-X-bn Xs kAvZv
ASn-bp-dv \n-tm amXmhv lw\v
Xs i]Yw ewLnv \ncm-lm-c-k-acw
Dt]-n-tn hp. A{]-Imcw Xs
A_q-_- hns aI Akvam-Av
Ahn-izm-kn-bmb amXm-hp-ambn _w
]pep-X
- ns\ Ipdnv tNmZn-t- m
_w tNp-hm-\mWv \_n AhtcmSv ]d--Xv. (_p-Jm-cn)
hnip-J
- p-B 29:8epw kam-\a
- mb
hN\w ImWmw. Atm kXy-hn-izmkn-bmb amXm-]n-Xm-sf F{X-Iv
]cn-K-Wn--W-sav ]d-tb--Xn-tm?
\_n ]d-bpp: ""dns {]oXn amXm]n-Xm---fpsS Xr]vXn-bn-emWv. dns
tIm]w amXm-]n-Xm-f
- psS tIm]-n-epam-Wv.'' (Xnan-Zn)
asm- c n- Ahn- S pv ]dp:
""Ah-cm-Wv \ns kzKhpw \c-Khpw''
AYhm Ah-cn-eqsS AXntesXn-epw
\n-\v t\Smw. amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS Xr]vXn t\Sm Amlp hne-nb sXp-Ifpw sNm-sav CXn\v AY-an-. {kjvSm-hmb Am-lp-hns\ [n-cnp sImv Hcp krjvSn-tbbpw A\p-k-cn--cpsX--mWv Ckvemw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. AtXmsSmw Xs Ah-tcmSv ]men-t acym-ZI
- fpw IS-aI
- fpw \_n \nch[n hN-\
- f
- n-eqsS hy-am-n-bn-p-v.
\ sNpI
amXm- ] n- X m- - f psS Bh- i y-
I-dnv \nh-ln-m km[n-t-Xp-v. sNdp--Im-ev \psS Bh-iy \nh-lnp XXv Ah-cm-bn-cp-psh Imcyw ad-m-Xn-cn-p-I. ""8,9 afp-m-bnpw Fs kvYnXn CXm-btm!''
Fv amXm-]n-Xm- ]cn-X]
- n-p hoSp-I-fn dns im]tIm]--f-msX
A\p-{K-l--fn-d-p-sav {]Xo-n-pI km[y-a-. imco-cn-Ihpw km-n-Ihp-sam-s-bmbn \s sImv Ign-bp
hn[-n-sems Ahsc klm-bn-p-I.
amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS \-p-thn ka-

2009 Pqsse--

47

bhpw kpw Btcm-Ky-hp-sams

sNe-h-gn- al-m-b ]pWy-I-c-ambn-mWv Ckvemw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Ah
\apv thn A\p-`-hn IjvS-X-I
F-a-Xpw AhW-\o-b-hp-am-Wv. Am-lp ]d-bpp: ""a\pjy\v Xs amXm]nXmfpsS Imcyn \mw A\pimk\w \Inbncnpp oWn\pta oWhpambnmWv amXmhv
Ahs\ K`wNpav \SXv. Ahs
apeIpSn \npXmIs cphjw
sImpamWvFtmSpw \ns amXm]nXmtfmSpw \o \nImWnq. Fs
ASptmWv (\ns) aSw.''(31:14)
B IjvSX
- I
- Xncn-d
- n-bp hnizmkn-I \S-p {]mY-\bpw Amlp
DWn-bn-pv: ""Xs amXm]nXmtfmSv \\nebn hnWsav
\mw a\pjyt\mSv A\pim-knncn-pp. Ahs amXmhv {]bmkspsImv Ahs\ K`w[cnpIbpw, {]bmkspsImv Ahs\ {]khnpIbpw
sNbvXp. Ahs K`Imehpw apeIpSn\nepw IqSn apXv amkmeamIpp. As\ Ah Xs ]qiIvXn {]m]npIbpw \m]Xv hbnsepIbpw sNbv X m C{]Imcw
]dbpw: Fs cnXmth, F\npw
Fs amXm]nXmpw \o sNbvXp
Xnp A\p{Kln\v \nImWnphm\pw \o Xr]vXnsSp kIw {]hnphm\pw \o F\nv {]tNmZ\w \tIWta. Fs kXnIfn \o F\nv \abpmncnIbpw sNtWta. Xobmbpw Rm
\nntev tJZnpaSnbncnpp.
Xobmbpw Rm IogvsSphcpsS
IqnemIpp.''(46:15)
\_n bps-S ASp- Hcn-
Hcm- hpsImv ]dp: ""{]hm-NI-sc, Am-lp-hns {]oXn-bm-{K-lnp
sImv Ahs amK-n-ep [a-ka-c-n\pw (Pn-lm-Zv) tZi]cn-Xym-K-n\pw (lnPvd) Rm XmtfmSv DS-Sn

sNp-p.'' \_n Abm-tfmSv Xncnp

tNmZnp: "\ns amXm-]n-Xm- Pohnnc
- n-ptm?' "AsX' Fp ]d- AbmtfmSv \_n C{]Imcw ]d-p: ""\o
\ns amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS ASptv
aS-n-tm-hp-I. Ah-tcmSv \ coXn-bn
kl-h-kn-p-I.'' (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw)
Nne dntmp-I-fn C{X-IqSn ImWmw ""Rm Fs amXm-]n-Xm-sf Icbn-n-p sImmWv A-bpsS ASp-tev hXv'' Atm \_n ]dp: ""\o Ah-cn-tev aS-n-tm-hpI.
Fnv \o Ahsc Ic-bn-n-Xv t]mse
Ahsc \o Nncn-n-p-I.'' (A-_q-Zm-hqZv)
hr-cmb amXm-]n-Xm--fp-m-bnpw
AXn-eqsS kzK-{]-th-i\w km[n-m-hsc lX-`m-Ky-sc-mWv \_n
hnti-jn-n--Xv.
Bt-]n-m-Xn-cn-pI
hm[-Iy-n-em-b-bm-fp-I ]e-X-cn- e p- f f kwkm- c - fpw s]cp- a m- -

W-sav ]Tn-np sImv hnip--JpB 17:23 ""\n- f - h - t cmSv sO!

Fpt]mepw ]d-b-cpXv'' Fv ]d-Xv {it-b-am-Wv.
]s,- A- X n- t \- m F{Xtbm
Kpcp-X-c-amb hmp-Ifpw s]cp-am---fpamWv Cv an amXm-]n-Xm--tfmSpw
kzw a {]I-Sn-np sImn-cn-pXv! sImSnb i{Xp-hn-t\m-sS t]mse
i-amb iIm-c
- fpw Bt{Im-i
- fpw
]cn-jvIr-Xk
- a
- q-l
- nepw Ipd-h FXmWv bmYmYyw.
\_n ]d-bpp: ""amXm-]n-Xm-sf
No hnfn-p--hsc Amlp i]n-ncn-p-p.'' (A-lva-Zv) AsXmcp h]m]-am-bn-mWv \_n ]Tnn--Xv. AhnSpv ]dp: ""Hcm Xs amXm-]n-Xmsf No-]-d-b h]m-]--fns]-XmWv-.''(_pJm-cn, apkvenw)
asm-cm-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-sf Nohnfn-p-Xpw Ahn-Spv hne-n-bn-pv. A\ycpsS amXm-]n-Xm--sf Nohn-fn-m AXv Imc-Wa
- mbn Ah Xncnpw AXp-t]mse No ]d-bptm
AXns Imc-W-m-c-s\ \ne-bn
kzw amXm-]n-Xm-sf iIm-cnhs\

Ibpw sNp a "hnh-c'-an-m-h-c. B amXm-]n-Xm-f

- psS hnbpXpn-I-fpsS K-apv DtZym-K--cmb
Cu a-fpsS sSd-p-Ipw hml-\p-sa-Xv Ah ad-p-I-bm-Wv.
X-fpsS kpJ-ku-I-cy--fn Akzmc-ky- krjvSn-p iey--fmbn
Ip Ahsc ]e-hn-[-n _pn-apn-p a \_n bps-S Cu hmpI {]tXyIw {in-p-I. Ahn-Spv
]dp: ""amXm-]n-X
- sf D]-{Z-hn-p--hv Amlp kzKw \njn--am-nbn-cn-p-p.'' (A-lva-Zv, \kmC)
s]mXp-hn amXm--tfm-Sm-bn-cn-pw
AXn-{I-a-fpw {Iqc-X-Ifpw IqSp-X
FXv sImm-bn-cn-mw \_n amXm-fpsS Imcyw {]tXyIw ]d--n-p-v.
""\n-bw, amXm-sf D]-{Z-hn-p-Xv
Amlp \nv \njn--am-n-bn-cnp-p.'' (_p-Jm-cn)
K`-[m-cW
- w, ]cn-]m-e\
- w, XpS-nb
Imcy-fn amXm--fmWv IqSp-X
IjvSs
- -Sp-Ibpw {]bm-k
- kln-pIbpw sNp-Xv FXpsImpw, Ah-cpsS B IjvSm-Sp-I a t\cn-dn-bp hn[-n-e F-Xp-sImpw,

sNdp--n Fs t]mn hfn-bXp t]mse Ch-tcmSv

\o Icp-W-Im-Wn-t-Wta F Jp-B-\nI {]mY\
Ccp-X-e-aq-bp Hcm-bp[am-Wv. Ipn-Isf ]cn-]m-en-p
hnj-b-n {i-bn-m--, ape-bq-m aSn-Im-Wn-p-
"]cn-jvIrX' amXm-]n-Xm-v Acw {]mY-\-I
Xncn--Sn-bmbn -amdpw
fpw {]I-Sn-npw. ]eXpw _pn-iq\yhpw A\-hk
- c
-
- n-ep-X
- p-am-tb-pw.
AXv kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-Wv. AXn Ah-tcmSv
tZjy-s-Sp-Ibpw Ibpkwkm-cn-pIbpw sNp a hf-sc-tb-sd-bpv. \psS sNdp-{]m-b-n Ah-cpsS
aSn-bn-en-cpv \fpw ]e Ahn-th-Ihpw
ImpIbpw ]d-bp-I-bp-sams sNbvXnp-mhpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Av AsXms tIp-Ibpw \s Nnc-nnp-Ibpw Ifn-n-p-Ibpsams sNbvXh-cmWv Cv hr-cm-bn -am-dnb \psS
amXm-]n-Xm- FXv \mw ad-m-Xncn-p-I. \msf \appw CXp-t]m-semcp
Zp_emh hcm- \ n- c n- p- - X ns\
Ipdnpw Hmp-Xv \m-bn-cn-pw.
amXm-]n-Xm-tfmSv Fs\ s]cp-am-d-

t]mse-bm-Wv A-hs\pamWv \_n

bpsS lZo-Yp-I ]Tn-n-p--Xv.
_pn-ap-n-m-Xn-cn-pI
amXm-]n-Xm-t- fmSv Ibp kwkmcn- p- - h - s cbpw ASn- a - I - s f- t ]mse
Ahsc ASn `cn-p-h
- s
- c-bp-sams
B[p-\nIkaq-l-n ImWmw. \nmcImcy-p thn Ah-tcmSv hg-Sn-p-Ibpw hon \nv Bn-p-d-mpIbpw sNp kw`-h- hsc
Csmcp hm-bmXmbn amdnbnpv. aZy-]n-m ss]k- \Im--Xns t]cn amXm-hns Igp--dp
aIs IY ]{X--fn-eqsS \mw hmbn-Xm-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm- Hcp `mc-ambn
A\p-`-h-s-Sp-Ibpw Ahsc D]-{Z-hn-p-

2009 Pqsse--

48

amXm--fmWv IqSp-X Zp_-e FXp-sIm-p-sams BImw ]nXm-hn-t\mSp--Xn-te-m IS-abpw IS-mSpw

amXm-hn-t\m-SmWv IqSp-X-sev \_n
DWn-bXv.
am\y-ambn kwkm-cn-pI
kXy-hn-izmkn-IfpsS kwkmcw \
\ndXpw am\y-hp-am-bn-cn-t-X
- m-Wv.
Amlp ]d-bpp: ""kXyhnizmknItf, \n Amlpsh kqnpIbpw, icnbmb hmv ]dbpIbpw sNpI. Fn Ah \nv \nfpsS
I \mncnIbpw, \nfpsS ]m] s]mdppXcnIbpw sNpw. Amlpshbpw Ahs ZqXs\bpw B A\pkcnppthm Ah

hr-k-Z-\--fnepw AK-Xn-a-n-c--fnepw Ign-bp amXm-]n-Xm Pohn-X-nse k-S- ]c-kv]cw ]p-shv, ]eXpw

ad-m {ianv Pohn-X-sa henb `mcw Xn-\o-m
InWp {ianp sImn-cn--bmWv
almb hnPbw t\Snbncnpp.''
(33:70,71)
amXm- ] n- X m- tfmSv kwkm- c n- p tm -Amcyw- {]tXyIw {in-Ww. t^mWn- e q- s Sbpw t\cn- p- a p
kwkm-c--fn-sems am\y-Xbpw BZchpw ssIhn-p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-m ]c-amh[n {ian-t--Xp-v. ""Ah-tcmSv \n am\y-amb hmp-I ]d-bpI''
(17:23) Fv Jp-B FSpv ]d-Xv AXns {]m[m\yw Adn-bn-p-p.
Ah-cn It-m-hp Xn-Ip t\sc I-S--W-sav CXn-\Yan-. {]XypX am\y-amb ssien-bn
Ahsc DWp-Ibpw sXvXncp-pIbpw thWw. C_vdmlnw kzw
]nXm-hn-t\mSv _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bpsS
_men-i-Xbpw GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bpsS
IrXy- X bpw hyhpw am\y- h p- a mb
ssien-bn DWn-bXv hnip--JpB hnh-cn-p-p-v. ""Atlw Xs
]nXmhnt\mSv ]d k`w ({itbamIpp) Fs ]nXmth, tIpItbm, ImWpItbm sNm, Xmv
bmsXmcp D]Imchpw sNm hkvXpsh Xm Fn\v Bcm[npp? Fs ]nXmth, Xobmbpw Xmv
hpInnbnnm Adnhv F\nv
hpInnbnpv. BIbm Xm Fs ]np-Scq. Rm Xmv icnbmb amKw ImWnpXcmw. Fs ]nXm-th,
Xm ]nimNns\ Bcm[ncpXv. Xobmbpw ]nimNv ]caImcpWn-It\mSv
A\pkcWanmh\mIpp. Fs
]nXmth, Xobmbpw ]caIm-cpWnI\n \np h inbpw Xmsf
_m[npsav Rm `bs-Spp. Atm Xm ]nimNns an{XambncnpXmWv.'' (19:42-45)
m\-aw-Ko-I-cn-pI
amXm-]n-Xm- FXv \ne-hm-c-nep--h-cm-bmepw Ahsc AwKo-I-cn-m\pw BZ-cn-m\pw \apv km[n--Ww.
Ah tcmKntbm Zcn-{Ztcm hrtcm \nc-ctcm BIs Fmepw Ah-cpsS

m\w al--c-am-Wv. \mw Db

km- nInXn- b nepw Btcm- K ynepw DtZy-mK-n-ep-sams BsWnepw \psS amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS {iafpw {]mY-\-I-fpw B Dbbvv
klm-b-I-am-bn-pv F hkvXpX
hnkva-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-I. \mw amXm-hns
K`m- i - b - n \nv ]pd- p- h - tm \n-lm-b-cpw Hpadn-bm--hcp-am-bn-cp-p. Amlp ]d-bp-p. ""\nfpsS amXmfpsS DZcfn \nv \nv bmsXmpw Adnv IqSm
AhkvYbn Amlp \nsf ]pd-v
sImvhp. \np Ah tIhnbpw ImgvNIfpw lrZbfpw \IpIbpw sNbvXp. \n \nbphcmbncnm thn.'' (16:78)
Hp-a-dn-bm-, \n-lm-b-amb B
Imev \s ]cn-N-cn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-nv hep-Xm-p-Ibpw sNbvX amXm-]n-Xmsf ]noSv Ah-K-Wn-p-I-sb-Xv
sImSnb \n-tI-Sm-Wv. \mw F{X Db-hc
- m-bmepw amXm-]n-Xm-f
- psS m\am-\-fwKo-I-cn-p-hm\pw kvt\lm-Z-chp-I {]ISn-np-hm\pw- _m[y-c
- mWv. bqkp-^v \_n bpsS Ncn-{X-n CXns anI amXrI \apv ImWmw. A[n-Imc]Z-hn-If
- p Hcp `c-Wm[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-s Xs apn-se-nb
\n-lm-bcmb amXm-]n-Xm-t- fmSv hn\b-tmsSbpw kvt\l_lp-am-\
- t- fmsSbpamWv- Atlw s]cp-am-dn-bX
- v. hnip-Jp--B -Amcyw C{]-Imcw \s
A\p-kva-cn-n-p-p. ""A\cw Ah
bqkp^ns apmsI {]thintm
Atlw (bqkp^v) Xs amXm]nXmsf Xntev AWpIqn. Atlw
]dp: Amlp Dtinp ]w
\n \n`bcmbnsmv CuPn]vXn {]thinpsImpI. Atlw Xs
amXm]nXmsf cmP]oTnta
Ibnbncpn. Ah Atlns
apn {]Wmaw sNphcmbnsmv hoWp. Atlw ]dp: Fs
]nXmth, apv Rm I kz]v\w ]peXmWnXv. Fs cnXmhv AsXmcp

2009 Pqsse--

49

bmYmYyamnoncnpp.
Fs Ah Pbnen \nv ]pdpsImv h k`nepw Fsbpw
Fs ktlmZcfpsSbpw CSbn
]nimNv Ipgw CfnhnXn\v tijw
acp`qanbn \nv Ah \nsfsbmhscbpw (Fs ASptv) sImph k`nepw Ah F\nv D]Imcw sNbvXncnpp. Xobmbpw Fs cnXmhv Xm Dtinp Imcy kqvaambn \nb{nph\-s{X.
Xobmbpw Ah Fmw Adn-bp-h\pw bpIvXnam\pamIpp'' (12:99,-100)
{]mYnpI
amXm-]n-Xm-p thn {]mYnepw Ah-tcm-Sp _m[yXm\nh-lW- ns `mK- a m- W v . almam- c mb
{]hm-N-I-m-cpsS {]mY-\-I-fn AXv
ImWmw. hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv amXm-]n-Xmp- t hn {]mYn- p- h m- \ mbn
Amlp \ntZ-in-p-Xpw (17:24) {it-b-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS PohnXImepw
ac-W-ti-jhpw Ahpthn sNm km[n-p kp{]-[m-\a
- mb Hcp kIam-Wv \njvI-f--amb {]mY-\.
""Fs cn-Xmth, sNdp-
- n Ch
Ccp-hcpw Fs t]mn hfn-bXp
t]mse Ch-tcmSv \o Icp-W-Im-Wn-tWta'' F Jp-B-\nI {]mY\ CcpX-ea
- q-bp Hcm-bp[w t]mse-bm-Wv.
Ipn-Isf ]cn-]m-en-p hnj-b-n
{i-bn-m--hcpw ape-bq-m aSn-ImWn-p-hcpamb "]cn-jvIrX' amXm-]nXm-v Acw {]mY-\-I Hcp
Xncn--Sn-bm-hp-sa-Xv Nn-\o-b-am-Wv.
ac- W - t msS amXm- ] n- X m- - t fmSp _hpw IS-aI
- fpw Ah-km-\n--pn-. Ahp thn {]mYn-p-Xp
t]mse Xs Ah-cn-eqsS \ne-\n-ncp _- ]pXp-p-hm\pw AXv
\ne-\np-hm {ian-epw AXns
`mK-am-Wv. \_n ]d-bp-p. ""]nXm-hns kvt\ln-X-m-tcmSv At-l-ns
Ime-tijw a _w ]pep-Xv ]pWy-f
- n Ghpw DIr-jSv a- m-W.v ''
(-ap-kvenw)
Ah-cpsS c-_-p-fpw kvt\ln-X-m-cp-sam-s-bmbn \-bn klI-cn-p-Ibpw _w apdnp t]mImsX {in-p-Ibpw thW-sav kmcw.

A-_q-A-ao-

tcmKhpw Btcm-Kyhpw

""\abmbnv \n\v Fsmv hpInnbmepw AXv Amlphn

\npXmWv. \ns _m[np GsXmcp tZmjhpw \ns ]
\npXs DmIpXmWv.'' (Jp-B- 4:79)

tcmK--fn-m a\pw ico-chpw

al- mb A\p- { K- l - a m- W v . ]s,
A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw B A\p-{Klw \jvSs-Sp-tm am{Xta AXns alXzw
Xncn-d
- n-bm-dpq F-XmWv bYmYyw.
hnhn-[--fmb tcmK-fpw ]Ihym[n-Ifpw ]e {]tZ-i--fnepw ]Sp
]nSnp sImn-cn-p-p. \qdp-I-W-n\m-fp-I tcmK-_m-[n-X-cmbn hnj-anp
sImn-cn-p-p. ]e tcmK-pap {][m\ Imc-W--fn-sem-mbn
Btcm-Ky-im-kv{X-Im-c-m Nqn-m-pXv ipNn-Xz-an-m-bva-bm-Wv. \psS
hoSpw ]cn-k-chpw ico-chpw Fmw aen\-am-ImsX \mw Xs {in--Ww.\_n ]d-bpp: ""ipn hnizm-k-ns (Cu-am-\n-s) ]Ip-Xn-bmWv'' (apkvenw)
A{]-Im-cw Xs k "amen\y'fn \npw a\-n-t\bpw hna-eo-Icn-m km[n-p-tm-gmWv kqWamb BtcmKyw kzmb- - a m- m
km[n-p-I.
""Xobmbpw AXns\ ]cnipamnbh hnPbw ssIhcnp. AXns\
IfsSpnbh Xobmbpw
]cmPbaSbpIbpw sNbvXp.''(91 :9,10)
_mlyhpw B-cn-I-hp-amb Cu
cp-Xcw ipnsb Ipdnpw Ckvemw
hy- a mbn t_m[- h - c n- n- p- v .
Ckv e m- a nI Ia- i mkv { X{K-

hni-Za
- m-n-bn-p \n_hpw sFnI-hp-amb Ip-fn-Ifpw AwK-ipn (hp-Zp)
bpsams AXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W--fm-Wv.
\_n ]d-bpp: ""Av Imcy-
ip-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS `mK-am-Wv. tNemIaw, Kply-`m-Ks tcmaw\o,
\Jwapdn-, I-nse tcmaw\o, aoi-sh-.'' (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw)
imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb hnipn \ne-\np kXy-hn-izm-knsb
Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-sav Jp-B DZvt_m-[n-n-pp: Xobmbpw Amlp
]ivNm]nphsc CjvSsSpp.
ipNnXzw ]menphscbpw CjvSsSpp.'' (2:222)
ipNn-Xz-Im-cy--fn th{X {ibn-m-Xp t]mse Xs ]e Xc-nep Zpx-oe-fpw \psS tcmK-v Imc-W-am-Im-dp-v. ]pI-h-en, aZy-]m\w, Pohn-Xs
- si-en, `-W{- Iaw XpS-nb-h-bn-eqsS Hcp ]cn[n hsc \mw XsbmWv \s tcmKn-If
- m-n-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv. Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb Amlp \tmSv ]d- b pp: ""\nfpsS ssIIsf
\n Xs \min Xn-fbcpXv. \n \Xv {]hnpI.
\a sNphsc Amlp CjvSsSpI Xs sNpw.'' (2:195)
h hnt[-\bpw tcmK-ap-m-bn--gnm AXn A-a-cmbn s]mdp-XntISv ImWn-p-Itbm \ncmicmhpItbm

2009 Pqsse--

50

A bYmYhnizm-kn-I sNt--Xv.
{]XypX ssZhnIhn[n-bn kam-[m-\np-hm\pw kl-\-a-h-ew-_n-p-hm-\pw
km[n-p-tm AXv {]Xn-^-eml-amb Hmbn amdp-p. alm-\mb Aq_v
\_n s Ncn{Xw A-c-n-ep
amXr-I-bmWv \Ip-Xv. "X\nv _m[n ZpcnXw \nan--ambn \n-fmcpw
ac-W-n\v sImXn--cp-Xv' Fv \_n
{]tXyIw DWn-bXpw {it-bam-Wv. asm-cn- Ahn-Spv ]dp:
""Am-lp-hns\ Ipdnv \ hnNm-ctmsSbmsX \n-fmcpw acn-m-\nS-h-c-cpXv'' (ap-kvenw)
tcmKn-Isf kin-p-hm\pw Ahp-th Hm-i-I sNbvXpsImSpp-hm\pw X\nv BtcmKyhpw A\p{K-l-fpw \Inb Am-lp-hn-t\mSv
\n {]I-Sn-n-
- p-hm\pw tcmKnv thn
{]mYn-p-hm\psams \_n ]Tnn-n-p-v. tcmKnv ktm-jhpw kam[m-\hpw {]Zm\w sNp hn[-nep hmp-Ifpw {]hn-I-fp-amWv
tcmKn-Isf kin-p thf-bn
\_n bn \npw Dm-bn-p-X
- v.- AXn-\m \psS ki\w tcmKn-I-v Aim-nbpw AkzXbpw km\npwhn[-am-bn-tm-Im-Xn-cn-m \mw
{]tXyIw {in-p-I. ki--\mb
Amlp A\p-{K-ln-s.