Professional Documents
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Credit
Credit
Credit Rating
y A credit rating assesses the credit worthiness of an
individual, corporation, or even a country. y Credit ratings are calculated from financial history and current assets and liabilities. y A credit rating tells a lender or investor the probability of the subject being able to pay back a loan. y A poor credit rating indicates a high risk of defaulting on a loan, and thus leads to high interest rates.
Cr
it
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with poor credit will have difficulty finding financing, and will more likely have to pay more due to risk of default. y The ratings are expressed in code numbers which can be easily comprehended by lay investors. y Credit rating, as exists in India, is done for a specific security and for the company as a whole. y A credit rating does not create fiduciary relationship between the agency & the users.
History of cr
1937 in newyork.
it r ti
i i
y The standards & poor was formed in 1941. y In 1970s a number of credit rating companies started
Types of credit r ti
y Sovereign Ratings-: Assess the country Credit risk and
isused as a point of reference for country borrowings from WB ,IMF , ADB ,IDBetc
y Entity Ratings-:Risk ratings of Corporate entities. y Instrument Ratings-:Ratings of the Bonds issued by
Functions
y Superior information y Low cost information y Basis for proper risk, return y Healthy discipline on corporate borrowers y Formulation of public policy guidelines on Institutional investment
Also its an agency that performs the rating of debt CRA s scope at present is not only limited to the rating of
debts but they are also undertaking financial analysis & assessment of financial products , individuals , Institutions & governments.
limited. ICRE : Investment Information & credit rating agency of India limited. CARE : Credit analysis & research limited. Fitch ratings India private limited.(earlier-Duff & Phelps credit rating ) Fitch is the only international agency with a presence on the ground in INDIA.
Crisil
y The first credit agency setup on January 1, 1988, jointly started by ICICI and UTI y y y
with an equity capital of Rs. 4 crores, as public Ltd company. CRISIL is India's leading rating agency, and is the fourth largest in the world. With over a 60% share of the Indian Ratings market, CRISIL Ratings is the agency of choice for issuers and investors. CRISIL Ratings is a full service rating agency that offers a comprehensive range of rating services. CRISIL Ratings provides the most reliable opinions on risk by combining its understanding of risk and the science of building risk frameworks, with a contextual understanding of business. It offers a comprehensive range of integrated product & service offerings-real time news, analysed data , incisive insights & opinions &expert advice-to enable investors , issuers , policy makers de-risk their business & financial decision making , take informed investment decisions& develop workable solutions.
ICRA
y ICRA was set up by IFCI on 16th January 1991. y It is a public limited company with an authorized share capital of Rs.10
PNB, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, UCO Bank and banks (SBI) .
y OBJECTIVE - to provide information & guidance to investors for
CARE
y It was setup by IDBI in collaboration with some banks & financial service companies in NOV 1993. y It offers services such as credit rating of debentures/ preference shares / F.D / CP / information services & equity research extensive study of the shares listed on major stock exchanges through EIL (economy,industry,company) analysis.
RATING METHODOLOGY
Consists of four areas : -
y Business analysis - covers an analysis of industry risk, market position in the country, operating efficiency of the company & legal position. y Financial analysis analysis of accounting quality, earnings
protection, cash flow adequacy & financial flexibility.
Rating Symbols
High investment grades:
y AAA & AA Highest safety y A Adequate safety y BBB moderate safety
Limitations
y Institutions whose instruments were given highest rating didnt perform y y y y
well. Frequent revision of grading creates confusion questioning credibility of the expertise of rating agencies. No audit, only rely on information provided by the issuer which may be inaccurate & incomplete. Biasing investors lose their investments. Rating agencies often fail to correctly predict a borrowers financial health in the short term.
factors considered
y
THANKYOU..