Bi tp n tp u nm lp 10 phn l thuyt

1. Cho hai dung dch long FeCl2 v FeCl3 (gn nh khng mu). C th dng cht no sau y: dung dch NaOH; nc brom; Cu; hn hp dung dch (KMnO4, H2SO4) nhn bit hai dung dch trn? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

HD: Nhn bit hai dd mui FeCl2, FeCl3 - Cc cht cho u nhn bit c 2 dung dch FeCl2, FeCl3. Kt qu nhn bit theo bng sau: dd NaOH nc Br2 Cu ddKMnO4, H2SO4 FeCl2 FeCl3 trng xanh, chuyn mt mu nu nu trong kk nu khng lm mt mu Cu khng tan mt mu tm

Cu tan ra, dd c mu khng lm mt mu dd xanh

- Cc phng trnh phn ng: FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl (1) 2Fe(OH)2 + O2 + H2O 2Fe(OH)3 (2) FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl (3) 6FeCl2 + 3Br2 4FeCl3 + 2FeBr3 (4) 2FeCl3 + Cu 2FeCl2 + CuCl2 (5) 10FeCl2 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 6FeCl3 + 2Fe2(SO4)3 + 2MnSO4 + 2KCl + 8H2O (6) 2. Ch dng thm mt cht, hy nhn bit 5 cht rn Al, FeO, BaO, ZnO, Al4C3 ng trong cc l ring bit. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. HD: Ly mi cht 1 t nhn bit, cho nc vo cc mu th; mu th no tan c kh v kt ta trng l Al4C3: Al4C3 + 12 H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4 - Cht no tan khng c kt ta l BaO: BaO + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 - Khng tan trong nc l Al, ZnO, FeO. - Ly dd Ba(OH)2 va thu c trn cho vo cc mu th khng tan cn li; - nu tan v c kh l Al: Ba(OH)2 + 2Al + 2H2O Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2 Nu tan khng c kh bay ln l ZnO: Ba(OH)2 + ZnO BaZnO2 + H2O Khng tan l FeO 3. Khi nung hon ton cht A th thu c cht rn B mu trng v kh C khng mu. Cht B phn ng mnh lit vi nc to thnh dung dch D lm phenolphtalein. Kh C lm vn c dung dch D. Khi cho B tc dng vi cacbon nhit cao th thu c cht E v gii phng kh F. Cho E phn ng vi nc th thu c kh khng mu G. Kh G chy cho nc v kh C. Xc nh cc cht A, B, C, D, E, F, G v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. HD: Xc nh cht v vit cc ptp: CaCO3 CaO + CO2
t oC

(1)

(A) (B) (C) CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 (2) (B) (D) Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O (3) (D) (C) tC CaO + 3C CaC2 + CO (4) (B) (E) (F) CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 (5) (E) (G) C2H2 + 2,5O2 2CO2 + H2O (6) (G) (D)
o

4. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit 5 dung dch cha trong cc l mt nhn ring bit: NaOH, H2SO4, BaCl2, NaCl, HCl. Ch dng thm qu tm.

HD: Qu tm ha xanh: NaOH(nhm I); Qu tm ha : H2SO4, HCl (nhm II); Qy tm khng i mu: BaCl2, NaCl (nhm III) Cho cc nguyn t nhm II ln lt tc dng cc nguyn t nhm III Mu th nhm II c kt ta l H2SO4; khng c hin tng g l HCl Mu th nhm IIII c kt ta l BaCl2; khng c hin tng g l NaCl H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 +2 HCl 5. C cc cht lng A, B, C, D, E. Cht no l benzen, ru etylic, axit axetic, dung dch glucoz, nc? Bit kt qu ca nhng th nghim nh sau: Cht T/d vi T/d vi t trong T/d vi natri lng canxi cacbonat dd AgNO3/NH3 khng kh A Kh bay ra Khng Phn ng Bc khng xut hin Chy d dng B Kh bay ra Khng Phn ng Bc kt ta Khng chy C Kh bay ra Khng Phn ng Bc khng xut hin Khng chy D Kh bay ra Kh bay ra Bc khng xut hin C chy E Khng phn ng Khng Phn ng Bc khng xut hin Chy d dng Vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo kt qu ca cc th nghim. HD: A: ru etylic; B: dd glucoz; C: nc; D: axit axetic; E: benzen PTHH: 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2 2H2O + 2Na 2NaOH + H2 2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa + H2 2CH3COOH + CaCO3 (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + Ag2O N H0 C6H12O7 + 2Ag ,t t0 C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O t0 CH3COOH + 2O2 2CO2 + 2H2O t0 C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
3

C6H6 +

1 5 t0 O2 6CO2 + 3H2O 2

6. Cht bt A l Na2CO3, cht bt B l NaHCO3. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi: a. Nung nng A v B b. Cho CO2 ln lt li qua dung dch A, dung dch B. c. Cho A v B ln lt tc dng vi dung dch KOH, dung dch BaCl2, dung dch Ba(OH)2. t0 HD: a. Na2CO3 khng phn ng t0 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O b. Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2NaHCO3 NaHCO3 + CO2 + H2O khng phn ng c. Na2CO3 + KOH khng phn ng 2NaHCO3 + 2KOH Na2CO3 + K2CO3 + 2H2O Na2CO3 + BaCl2 BaCO3 + 2NaCl NaHCO3 + BaCl2 khng phn ng Na2CO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + 2NaOH 2NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 Na2CO3 + BaCO3 + 2H2O 4 trng hp khng xy ra phn ng 7. C 4 cht kh A, B, C, D. Kh A to nn khi nung nng KMnO4, kh B bay ra cc m, kh C bay ra cc dng khi in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn. Kh D l cht hu c c t khi so vi H2 l 8. Cho bit A, B, C, D l nhng kh g ? Nhng kh no phn ng vi nhau tng i mt ? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng . t0 HD: - Kh A l O2: 2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 ,mngng - Kh B l H2, kh C l Cl2: 2NaCl + 2H2O Pdd 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 (-) (+) - Kh D l CH4: M CH 4 = 16 t0 A + B: O2 + 2H2 2H2O A + C khng xy ra phn ng

t0 A + D: 2O2 + CH4 CO2 + 2H2O as B + C: H2 + Cl2 2HCl B + D khng xy ra phn ng as C + D: CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl 8. Nu hin tng v vit phng trnh ha hc xy ra(nu c)khi tin hnh cc th nghim sau: a.cho mu kim loi Na vo dung dch CuCl2. b.cho mu vi vo dung dch KHSO4 c.cho t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch AlCl3 d.cho canxicacbua vo nc e.un nng tinh bt trong dung dch axit H2SO4 long, thu c dung dch X. Cho X vo dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d, un nng nh. g.cho lng trng trng vo ru etylic. HD: a) Na tan mnh, dung dch si bt, mu xanh lam ca dung dch chuyn dn thnh kt ta mu xanh l. 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 2NaOH + CuCl2 Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl b) vi tan ra, si bt kh trong dung dch: CaCO3 + 2KHSO4 CaSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O + CO2 c) Ban u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan trong NaOH d AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O d) Cht rn tan mnh trong nc, si bt kh CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 e) Xut hin lp gng sau khi un nh dung dch X

Ax (-C6H10O5-)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 0

C6H12O6

+ Ag2O

t dd NH3 t0

C6H12O7 + 2Ag

g) Lng trng trng b ng t. t0 Protein (dd) ng t 9. T qung pirit st, natri clorua, oxi, nc, hy vit cc phng trnh ha hc iu ch cc cht: FeSO4,FeCl2, FeCl3, st III hiroxit, Na2SO3, NaHSO4. HD: a) *iu ch FeSO4:
2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
t 4FeS2 + 11O2 8SO2 + 2Fe2O3
0

p co m.n

2 5 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 0 t

V O

SO3 + H2O H2SO4

t Fe2O3 + 3H2 2Fe + 3H2O 0

Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 * iu ch FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(OH)3

t 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 0

2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2 FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl * iu ch Na2SO3 v NaHSO4 SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O NaOH + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + H2O ( Hoc : NaCl (r) + H2SO4(c) NaHSO4 + HCl (k) )

10. Ch dng thm thuc th duy nht l dung dch KOH, nu phng php phn bit cc dung dch sau: Na2CO3, MgSO4, CH3COOH, C2H5OH HD: Dng KOH nhn bit c MgSO4 (cho kt ta trng). 2KOH + MgSO4 Mg(OH)2 + K2SO4 - Dng MgSO4 nhn bit c Na2CO3 (cho kt ta trng). MgSO4 + Na2CO3 MgCO3 + Na2SO4 - Dng Na2CO3 nhn bit c CH3COOH (cho kh thot ra). Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 - Cn li l C2H5OH. 11. Ho tan Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 (long, va , khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch A. Cho Cu (d) vo dung dch A, thu c dung dch B. Thm dung dch NaOH (long, d, khng c khng kh) vo dung dch B, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh ti khi lng khng i. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. HD: Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 (long) FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 2FeSO4 + CuSO4 CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 FeSO4 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 t 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O Cu(OH)2 t CuO + H2O 12. Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca cc cht c k hiu bng cc ch ci trong ngoc n ri vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo cc s phn ng sau: a. (M) + HCl (A1) + H2 d. (A2) + NaOH (E) (r) + (A3) b. (M) + H2SO4 (B1) + (B2) + H2O e. (B1) + NaOH (E) (r) + (B3) t0 c. (A1) + Cl2 (A2) f. (E) (F) + H2O HD: * M: Fe; A1: FeCl2; B1: Fe2(SO4)3; B2: SO2; A2: FeCl3; E: Fe(OH)3; A3: NaCl; B3: Na2SO4; Fe2O3 Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 t0 2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O FeCl2 + 1/2Cl2 FeCl3 FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2Fe(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4 t0 2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O 13. Cho ln lt tng cht: Fe, BaO, Al2O3 v KOH vo ln lt cc dung dch: NaHSO4, CuSO4. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
o o

Fe + 2NaHSO4 FeSO4 + Na2SO4 + H2 BaO + 2NaHSO4 BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O Al2O3 + 6NaHSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Na2SO4 + 3H2O 2KOH + 2NaHSO4 K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O * Vi CuSO4 : Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu BaO + CuSO4 + H2O BaSO4 + Cu(OH)2 Al2O3 + CuSO4 khng phn ng 2KOH + CuSO4 K2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 14. Mt hn hp gm Al, Fe, Cu v Ag. Bng phng php ho hc hy tch ri hon ton cc kim loi ra khi hn hp trn. HD: HD: * Vi NaHSO4 : 15: C 5 l mt nhn ng 5 dung dch: NaOH, KCl, MgCl2, CuCl2, AlCl3. Hy nhn bit tng

dung dch trn m khng dng thm ho cht khc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.