Differences between the ac and dc partial discharge phenomenon: AC PD: 1.

The repetitive rate of the discharges are much more as compared to dc 2. It is more dangerous to the insulation then pd due to dc. 3. The polarity of the charge deposited on the walls of a cavity gets changed with respect to the polarity of the ac waveform 4. Typically 8 pulses (provided the voltage across the cavity is above pd inception voltage) are expected for one cycle of ac at power frequency 5. Typically if the peak voltage across the cavity is just the inception voltage then 4 discharge pulses are expected in a cycle. But we get lesser number of pulses because of the residual voltage across the cavity. Since the conductivity of the cavity walls is not very high, we always get some residual charge on the cavity walls after extinction of the discharge and hence residual voltage.

DC: 1. The repetitive rate of the discharges are much less as compared to ac 2. Though with increase in stress levels, multiple discharges occur still, it is less threatening to insulation as compared to ac. 3. The polarity of the charge deposited on the walls of a cavity remains the same 4. Initial voltage distribution is determined by the capacitance and finally by the resistance. . Similarities in the formulae of electrical circuit elements.

Resistance of a circular wire having area of crossection A m^2, length L m, resistivity -m is R=L/A ohm Inductance of a core with relative permeability 0, length l m, number of turns N, and area of crossection A m^2 is L= 0*N^2*A/l

Capacitance of a capacitor with metal plates having area of crossection A m^2, permittivity of dielectric between the plates and distance between the plates d m is C= A /d

Similarly the thermal resistance R =L/k*A where L is the path parallel to the heat flow, k (W/mK) is thermal conductivity and A is the area of crossection.

Temperature is analogous to voltage Heat flow (Watt) is analogous to current To find out the units of heat flow, use the analogy of the electrical quantities. It is known that resistance is the ratio of voltage to current. So in thermal context, thermal resistance is the ratio of heat flow to temperature. Summary: In electrical and thermal resistance area of crossection (A) is in the denominator and in inductance and capacitance formulae A is in the numerator.