So Phuc Dien Xoay Chieu

... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.
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7oq daoq sc phae e qlol ohooh
eoe dooq lol top leo acoq ehlea
I. C S L THUYT
1. S tng quan gia in xoay chiu v s phc
- Xt on mch R, L, C mc ni tip,

cos( )( )
o
u U t V = + .
Ta c gin vect nh sau:
+ Trc honh biu din R
+ Phn dng ca trc tung biu din
L
+ Phn m ca trc tung biu din C
+Vect u c ln l U
0
v to vi trc honh mt gc l
- Xt mt s phc bt k: x = a + bi.
S phc ny c ghi di dng lng gic l
o
x X = Z

V c biu din nh hnh bn:
+Trc honh biu din phn thc (s a)
+Trc tung biu din phn o (s b)
+Vect x c ln l X
o
v to vi trc
honh mt gc l
- Nh vy ta c th xem R nh l mt s
phc ch c phn thc a (v nm trn trc honh)
L v C l s phc ch c phn o b (v nm trn trc tung).
Nhng chng khc nhau l L nm phn dng nn c
biu din l bi. C nm phn m nn c biu din l bi.
u hoc i c xem nh l mt s phc x v c vit di
dng lng gic
o
X Z .

UR
UC
UL
U
UL Uc
UC
a
b
b
x

X0
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

VD:
Cc i lng trong
in xoay chiu
Biu din
di dng
s phc
R=50 50
Z
L
=100 100i
Z
C
=150 -150i
100cos(100 )( )
6
u t V
t
= t +

100
6
t
Z

2 2 cos(100 )( )
4
i t A
t
= t

2 2 ( )
4
t
Z

2. Cng thc tnh ton c bn:
Khi gii cc bi tp in xoay chiu bng s phc, cc bn
xem on mch ny nh l on mch mt chiu vi cc phn
t R, L, C mc ni tip.
Chng ta ch s dng mt nh lut duy nht gii. l
nh lut Ohm trong mch in mt chiu. nh lut ny
chng ta hc nm lp 9, qu quen thuc ng khng no:
U
I =
R
hay U = I.R hay
U
R =
I

Trong R khng ch ring mi in tr, m ch chung tt c
nhng vt c tr khng (nhng ci c n v l ^^. VD: R, Z
L
,
Z
C
...).
Trong chng trnh hc Ph thng, chng ta ch hc on
mch xoay chiu mc ni tip, cho nn trong on mch mt
chiu gm R
1
, R
2
,..., R
n
ni tip ta c:
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

R = R
1
+ R
2
+ ... +R
n

U = U
1
+ U
2
+ ... + U
n
I = I
1
= I
2
= ... =I
n
3.Thao tc trn my:
a) Nhng thao tc c bn
thc hin tnh ton s phc trn my, chng ta phi vo
mode CMPLX bng cch n
[Mode] [2]. Trn mn hnh hin CMPLX.

Trong mode CMPLX, nhp k hiu i ta nhn phm ENG
nhp k hiu ngn cch Z , ta nhn [SHIFT] [(-)]

Nh ta bit, s phc c hai cch ghi, l i s v lng
gic.
- Khi my tnh hin th dng i s (a+bi), th chng ta s
bit c phn thc v phn o ca s phc.
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Khi R = 50 cng sut mch t gi tr cc i, suy ra
50
L C
Z Z R = =
(Xem thm chuyn Cc dng ton cc tr
trong dng in xoay chiu).
Mt khc Z
C
> Z
L
nn trong s phc ta c: Z
L
+ Z
C
= -50i
Suy ra:
200 2
4
4
50 50 2
L C
u
i
R Z Z i
t
Z
t
= = = Z
+ +

... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Bi 8 : t mt hiu in th xoay chiu u = 60sin100tt (V) vo
hai u on mch gm cun thun cm L = 1/t H v t C =
50/t F mc ni tip. Biu thc ng ca cng dng in
chy trong mch l
A. i = 0,2sin(100tt + t/2) (A).
B. i = 0,2sin(100tt - t/2) (A).
C. i = 0,6sin(100t + /2) (A).
D. i = 0,6sin(100tt - t/2) (A).
Bi 9 : Cho on mch nh hnh v, R=50, L=1/(H), C=2.10
-
4
/(F), bit ) )( 3 100 sin( 2 100 V t u
MB
= . Tm biu thc hiu
in th u
AB?

A. ) )( 6 100 sin( 2 100 V t
B. ) )( 6 100 sin( 2 100 V t +
C. ) )( 4 100 sin( 2 100 V t +
D. ) )( 3 100 sin( 2 100 V t +
Bi 10: Mch in ni tip R, L, C trong cun dy thun cm
(Z
L
< Z
C
). t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu
200 2 cos(100 )
4
u t V
t
= t +
. Khi R = 50 cng sut mch t gi tr
cc i. Biu thc dng in qua mch lc :
A.
i 4cos(100 t ) (A)
2
t
= t +
B.
i 4cos(100 t ) (A)
4
t
= t +

C.

i 4 2 cos(100 t ) (A)
4
t
= t + D. i 4 2 cos(100 t) (A) = t
Gi :
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


- Khi my tnh hin th dng lng gic (
o
X Z ), th chng
ta s bit c di (modul) v gc (argumen) ca s phc.

Mc nh, my tnh s hin th kt qu di dng i s.
chuyn sang dng lng gic, ta nhn: [SHIFT] [2], mn hnh
hin th nh sau:

chn [3], nhn [=]. Kt qu s c chuyn sang dng lng
gic
b) Nhng li thng gp
- Khi ci t my ch n v o gc no th phi nhp
n v o gc y.
Trong mode (mn hnh hin ch D), cc bn phi nhp
n v l . VD: 45
0
, 60
0
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Trong mode rad (mn hnh hin ch R), cc bn phi nhp
n v l radian. VD:
4
t
,
3
t

Cch ci t my: Nhn [SHIFT] [Mode]

Nhn [3] ci t my n v l .
Nhn [4] ci t my n v l radian.
- Trn my Fx 570 ES, bm nhanh, cc bn thng n du
chia thay cho du phn s. Chnh v vy trong qu trnh
bm my thng xut hin nhng li nh sau:
1
2 4
t
Z
Khc
1 2
4
t
Z

1
2 4
t
Z Khc
1
4
2
Zt

3 2i Khc 3 (2 ) i
Cch khc phc: s dng du ngoc
II. CC DNG BI TP:
(nhn [Mode] [2] chuyn sang mode s phc, ci t
my n v gc radian)
1. Tm biu thc hiu in th, cng dng in :
Bi 1: Mt on mch in gm in tr R = 50O mc ni tip
vi cun thun cm L = 0,5/t (H). t vo hai u on mch
mt hiu in th xoay chiu u = 100 2 sin(100tt - t/4) (V).
Biu thc ca cng dng in qua on mch l:
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Bi 6: Cho mt on mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun
R v t in c in dung C mc ni tip. in p t vo hai u
on mch l 100 2 cos100 ( ) u t V = t , b qua in tr dy ni. Bit
cng dng in trong mch c gi tr hiu dng l 3 A v lch
pha
3
t
so vi in p hai u mch. Gi tr ca R v C l:
A.
50
3
R = O
v
4
10
C F
=
t

B.
50
3
R = O
v
3
10
C F
=
5t

C. 50 3 R = O v
4
10
C F
=
t

D. 50 3 R = O v
3
10
C F
=
5t

Bi 7: Cho mt on mch in xoay chiu gm hai trong trong
phn t: in tr thun R, cun dy thun cm L, t C mc ni
tip. Hiu in th gia hai u mch v cng dng in
trong mch c biu thc:
u = 220 2 sin (100tt - t/3 ) (V)
i = 2 2 sin (100tt + t/6) (A)
Hai phn t l hai phn t no?
A. R v L.
B. R v C
C. L v C.
D. R v L hoc L v C.
Nguyen Trong Nhan
http://phuongphaphoctap.tk
http://vn.myblog.yahoo.com/trongnhan_9x
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

hai u mch in v cng dng in qua mch c biu
thc: 100 2 cos(100 )( ) u t V = t ,
2cos(100 )( )
4
i t A
t
= t
. on mch
gm
A. R v C c R = 30, Z
C
= 30
B. R v L c R = 40, Z
L
= 30
C. R v C c R = 50, Z
C
= 50
D. R v L c R = 50, Z
L
= 50
Bi 4: on mch AC c in tr thun, cun dy thun cm v
t in mc ni tip. B l mt im trn AC vi u
AB
= sin100tt
(V) v u
BC
= 3sin(100tt -
t
2
) (V). Tm biu thc hiu in th
u
AC
.
A. AC
u 2 2 sin(100 t) V = t
B. AC
u 2 sin 100 t V
3
t | |
= t +
|
\ .

C. AC
u 2sin 100 t V
3
t | |
= t +
|
\ .
D. AC
u 2sin 100 t V
3
t | |
= t
|
\ .

Bi 5: t mt hiu in th u = 200 2 .sin(100 tt + t/6) (V)
vo hai u ca mt cun dy thun cm c t cm L = 2/t
(H). Biu thc ca cng dng in chy trong cun dy l
A. i = 2 sin (100tt + 2t/3 ) (A).
B. i = 2 sin ( 100tt + t/3 ) (A).
C. i = 2 sin (100t - /3 ) (A).
D. i = 2 sin (100tt - 2t/3 ) (A).
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

A. i = 2sin(100tt - t/2) (A).
B. i = 2 2 sin(100tt - t/4) (A).
C. i = 2 2 sin100tt (A).
D. i = 2sin100tt (A).
Gii:
Gi :
Ta dng nh lut Ohm
U
I
R
=
gii.

Cch lm:
- Ta c: R=50O
Z
L
=50O.
- Suy ra
L
U
I
R Z
=
+
.

- Nhn [SHIFT] [2] [3] chuyn sang dng lng gic:

p n : A
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Bi 2: Khi t hiu in th khng i 30V vo hai u on
mch gm in trthun mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c
t cm
1
4t
(H) th dng in trong mch l dng in 1 chiu c
cng 1A. Nu t vo hai u on mch ny in p
150 2 cos120 u t = t (V) th biu thc cng dng in trong
mch l:
A. i 5 2 cos(120 t ) (A)
4
t
= t B.

i 5cos(120 t ) (A)
4
t
= t +

C.

i 5 2 cos(120 t ) (A)
4
t
= t +
D. i 5cos(120 t ) (A)
4
t
= t
(Trch thi tuyn sinh i hc 2009)
Gii:
Gi :
Tnh R, sau dng cng thc
U
I
R
=
tnh.

Cch lm:
- Khi t hiu in th khng i (hiu in th 1 chiu) th
on mch ch cn c R.
-
30
30
1
U
R
I
= = = O
- Ta c R=30O.
Z
L
=30O.
- Suy ra
L
U
I
R Z
=
+
.
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

p n : D
(Bi ny cng c th gii nhanh bng phng php gin
vect)

III. BI TP T LUYN
Bi 1: Cho on mch nh hnh v: R = 100, L = 0,138H v C
= 15,9 F
220cos(100 )( )
3
MB
u t V
t
= t
. Biu thc cng
dng in trong mch l:
A.
i 2 cos(100 t ) (A)
6
t
= t
B.
i 2cos(100 t ) (A)
6
t
= t +

C.

i 2cos(100 t ) (A)
2
t
= t
D.
i 2 cos(100 t ) (A)
2
t
= t +

Bi 2: Cho mch in xoay chiu gm mt cun dy c in tr
thun
20
3
r = O
, t cm
1
( )
5
L H =
t
v t in c in dung
3
10
( )
4
C F
=
t
mc ni tip. Bit biu thc in p hai u cun dy
l
100 2 cos100
d
u t = t
(V). in p hai u mch l:
A. u 100 2 cos(100 t ) (V)
3
2t
= t
B.
u 100cos(100 t ) (V)
3
2t
= t +

C.

u 100cos(100 t ) (V) = t + t
D. u 100cos(100 t ) (V) = t t
Bi 3: Mt on mch xoay chiu gm R mc ni tip vi mt
trong hai phn t C hoc cun dy thun cm L. in p gia
B
A
L
C
R
M
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gi :
Cng cc hiu in th thnh phn li vi nhau.
Cch lm:
- Chuyn u
AB
, u
BC
sang s phc:
:1
AB
u

: 3
2
BC
u
t
Z

- Tnh U
AC
:
1 3
2
AC AB BC
u u u
t
= + = + Z

- Chuyn sang dng lng gic:

- Suy ra
2sin(100 )( )
3
AC
u t V
t
= t

... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.



p n : D
Bi 3: Hiu in th xoay chiu t vo hai u on mch R, L,
C ni tip c biu thc:
220 2 cos(100 )( )
12
u t V
t
= t
. Bit R =
100, L = 0,318H v C = 15,9 F. Biu thc hiu in th gia
hai bn t l:
A.
u 440cos(100 t ) V
3
t
= t
B.
u 400cos(100 t ) V
4
t
= t

C.

u 440cos(100 t ) V
6
t
= t +
D.
u 440cos(100 t ) V
12
t
= t +

Gii:
Gi :
Tnh I sau dng cng thc U
C
= I . Z
C
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Cch lm:
- Ta c: R=100O
Z
L
=100O.
Z
C
=200O.
-
L C
U
I
R Z Z
=
+ +
.
Nhp vo my:

Nhn [=] :

- C I ri, ta suy ra U
C
bng cng thc: U
C
= I . Z
C

... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

- Ly U
MB
chia I:
200 2
2
4 4
5 5
MB
U
I
i
t
Z
=
+

- Suy ra R
0
= 176,8.
Z
L
= 176,8 => L = 0,56 H

p n : C

3. Cng cc u
Nh ta bit, trong on mch mt chiu, mun bit hiu
in th on mch th ta ch cn cng cc hiu in th thnh
phn c trong mch li vi nhau.
Bi 1: on mch AC c in tr thun, cun dy thun cm v t
in mc ni tip. B l mt im trn AC vi u
AB
= sin100tt (V) v
u
BC
= 3sin(100tt -
t
2
) (V). Tm biu thc hiu in th u
AC
.
A. AC
u 2 2 sin(100 t) V = t
B. AC
u 2 sin 100 t V
3
t | |
= t +
|
\ .

C. AC
u 2sin 100 t V
3
t | |
= t +
|
\ .
D. AC
u 2sin 100 t V
3
t | |
= t
|
\ .

Gii:

... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Cho R = 50 ,
4
2
.10 C F
=
t
,
80cos(100 )( )
AM
u t V = t
;
200 2 cos(100 )( )
2
MB
u t V
t
= t + . Gi tr ca R
0
v L l:
A. 250 v 0,8 H
B. 250 v 0,56 H
C. 176,8 v 0,56 H
D. 176,8 v 0, 8 H
Gii:
Gi :
Tnh I, sau ly U
MB
chia cho I.
Cch lm:
- Ta c: R = 50O
Z
C
= 50O.
- Chuyn u
AM
, u
MB
sang s phc:
: 80
AM
u

: 200 2
2
MB
u
t
Z

- Tnh I :
80
50 50
AM
C
U
I
R Z i
= =
+

... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.



p n : A
2. Tm cc thnh phn (Bi ton hp en)
Ta chia R, L, C thnh 2 nhm:
+ Nhm 1: in tr (R).
+ Nhm 2: Cun cm v t in (L v C).
Ly u chia i, hin th di dng i s th kt qu s ri vo
nhng dng nh sau:
- a + bi : on mch c c nhm 1 v nhm 2 ( Trong
a l gi tr ca in tr, b l tng tr ca nhm 2. Nu
nhm 2 ch c 1 phn t th b l tr khng ca phn t
)
- a : on mch ch c in tr.
- bi : on mch ch c nhm 2.
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Bi 1: t hiu in th xoay chiu
120 2 cos(100 )( )
6
u t V
t
= t +
vo
hai u ca mt cun dy khng thun cm thy dng in trong
mch c biu thc
2cos(100 )( )
12
i t A
t
= t
. in tr thun r c gi tr
bng:
A. 60 B. 85 C. 100 D. 120
Gii:
- Chuyn u, i sang s phc:
:120 2
6
u
t
Z

: 2
12
i
t
Z

- Ly u chia i:

- Suy ra r = 60.
p n : A

Bi 2: in p gia hai u cun dy v cng dng in qua
cun dy l:
80cos(100 )( )
8
u t V
t
= t +
;
2 cos(100 )( )
8
i t A
t
= t
. in tr
thun R v t cm L ca cun dy l:
A. 40 v 0,368 H
B. 40 v 0,127 H
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

C. 40 2 v 0,127 H
D. 40 2 v 0,048 H
Gii:
- Chuyn u, i sang s phc:
: 80
8
u
t
Z

: 2
8
i
t
Z

- Ly u chia i:

- Suy ra R = 40.
Z
L
= 40
- C Z
L
= 40 , suy ra L = 0,127H.

p n : B

Bi 3: Cho on mch xoay chiu nh
hnh v.
C
B
A M
R
R0, L

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