INDEX FOR

COVER INDEX 1. 2. 3. - DRILLING METHOD PAGE 1 PAGE 2 PAGE 2 PAGE 5 PAGE 5 PAGE 5 PAGE 8 PAGE 13 PAGE 15 PAGE 15 PAGE PAGE PAGE PAGE PAGE 18 18 21 24 35

1) The Formation of Oil and Gas 2) Exploration 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. WELL THE CEMENTING JOB EXPLORATION RIGS DRILLING EQUIPMENT 1) Drilling Derrick 2) The Drill String 3) Drilling Mud 4) OPERATIONS 1) Drilling Crew 2) Making Hole 10. WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT 1) The Diverter 2) The Blowout Preventer 3) BOP Operation 11. FLOATING DRILLING VESSEL 1) Equipment of Floating Drilling Vessel 2) Directional Drilling 12. -

9.

PAGE 36 PAGE 36 PAGE 37 PAGE 40 PAGE 40 PAGE 42 PAGE 43 PAGE 45 PAGE 45 PAGE 48 PAGE 50

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drill line

rotary hose rotary table

hydraulic blow-out preventer

mud pit mud circulation pump

drill pipe

<Fig. 1 : An early drilling derrick using the rotary system>

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TO REFINERY

TYPICAL FIELD DEVELOPMENT PLAN USING 5 INSTALLATIONS

FIXED STRUCTURE

SUBSEA WELL

FALT LINE

FALT LINE

CONGLOMERATE (

SHALE (

SANDSTONE & HYDROCARBONS SANDSTONE ( )

LIMESTONE (

<Fig. 2 : Formation of Oil and Gas - Oil/Gss Field Schematic>

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(NOT TO SCALE)

PRODUCTION TUBING PRODUCTION CASING INTERMEDIATE CASING CONDUCTOR CEMENT

SEA BED

SEA LEVEL

TUBULAR JOINT (Screwed Joint)

CASING

CASING

LINER COMPLETION

PACKER

PERFORATED CASING

PRODUCING FORMATION

<Fig. 3 : Typical Well Casing Arrangement>

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DRILLING PROGRAMME 1. Conductor hole drilled. 2. Conductor installed, cemented and starting head fitted. 3. First intermediate hole drilled, annular BOP in situ. 4. First intermediate casing string inserted, cemented and casing hanger set. 5. Drilling of second intermediate casing hole in progress

<Fig.4 : Drilling Programme>

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COMMENCEMENT

COMPLETION

Drilling mud Casing Fluid returns Casing Conductor

Drilling mud

Sea bed

Top floating plug

Cement

Conditioning fluid

Low plug and Diaphragm

Centralizer

Float collar and non-return valve Guide shoe

<Fig. 5 : The Cement Job>

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A. BARGE TYPE

B. JACK-UP TYPE

C. JACKET TYPE
( PRODUCTION PLATFORM )

D. SHIP TYPE

E. SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE TYPE

<Fig. 6 :

>

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<Fig. 7 : Exploration Drilling Rig> Diagram Exploration Drilling Rig Well . Drill-pipe Feet .

rotary table

SEA

telescopic joint guide lines SUBSEA marine riser flexible control cables

SEA FLOOR

blow-out preventor

guide base anchor

FORMATION

drill-pipe

cement

casing

well

mud

bit

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Crown Block

Travelling Block

Wind Wall Finger Board Monkey Board Top Drive Swivel Drill pipe Rotary Hose Stand Pipe Master Bushing Rotary Table Slip

Stabbing Board Wind Wall "V" Door Catline Pipe Rack Drawworks Rotary Table (if fitted)

Rat Hole Mouse Hole

BOP Stack Drill pipe

Mud Returns

<Fig. 8 : Drilling Derrick>

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Swivel

Gooseneck

Tool Joint

Kelly cock

Kelly

Kelly

Kelly

Saver sub Protector Drill Pipe Drill Pipe Drill pipe Tool Joint Pin Tool joint

Box Drill Pipe

Kelly bushing

Aperture for kelly Drill Collars Drill Bit

<Fig. 9 : The Drilling String> i) Drill Bit Drill Bit, Roller Cone Rock Bit Teeth Carbide D 3 Cone . Tooth Material Drill Bit Rock Formation . Drill Bit 10 , 3 . Steel Tooth Rock Bits Tungsten Carbide Insert Bits Diamond Bits iamond -

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Travelling block Derrick Structure Goose neck

Swivel

Stand pipe

Kelly

Rotary hose

Rotary table

Drill floor Shale shaker

Bell nipple

BOP stack

Conductor

Drill pipe Settling tank (mud pits) Hole Mud pumps

Drill bit

<Fig. 10 : Drilling Mud System (rotary table) : Land Rig

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AA4100-2 CLAYBALL TANK (GUMBO TRAP) MUD PUMP MAIN MUD COND. TK MUD TO HOLE CLAYBALLS REMOVAL MUD RETURN LINE MUD RECOND. TANK

DRILL PIPE

KELLY

(P)

MUD RETURN LINE

(S)

DIVERTER OVBD LINE

ANNULUS

<Fig.11 : Mud Reconditioning System (Drilling Fluid Solid Removal)>

: MUD FLOW
DEGASSER DESANDER DESILTER

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SHAKER VIBRATION SCREEN

DRILL COLLAR

CUTTINGS REMOVAL

SAND TRAP UNDERNEATH SHALE SHAKER

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BIT

: PATH OF UNWEIGHTED MUD : PATH OF WEIGHTED MUD

SUPER SCREEN
(74 MICRONS)

DESANDER
(40 MICRONS)

DESILTER
(20 MICRONS)

WELL

MUD CLEANER

414 CENTRIFUGE
(7 MICRONS)

518 HIGH SPEED CENTRIFUGE

(23 MICRONS)

<Fig.12 : Mud

>

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LIQUID DISCHARGE

VORTEX FINDER

INLET 1) PRESSURIZED SLURRY ENTERS TANGENTIALLY 4) LIQUID MOVES INWARD AND UPWARD AS SPIRILING VORTEX APEX ADJUSTABLE VALVE OR VARIABLE OPENING SOLID DISCHARGE

2) SLURRY ROTATION DEVELOPS HIGH CENTRIFUGAL FORCES

3) SUSPENDED SOLIDS ARE DRIVEN TOWARD WALL AND DOWNWARD IN ACCELERATING SPIRAL

<Fig.13 : Operating Priciples of a Cone-shaped Centrifuge (Desander & Desilter)>

BOWL

CONVEYOR

INLET

FEED TUBE SOLID DISCHARGE LIQUID DISCHARGE

<Fig.14 : Mud Centrifuge>

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BULK MUD

AIR OR MUD

<Fig. 15 : Mud Hopper>

GEAR BOX

ELECTRIC MOTOR

GRATING

MUD PIT SHAFT

IMPELLER

<Fig.16 : Mud Agitator>

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<Fig. 17 : Bottom Mounted Mud Gun>

<Fig.18 : Top Mounted Mud Gun>

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THREAD

NOZZLE

<Fig.19 : Mud Shearing Device

DISCHARGE SUCTION

>

SAFETY VALVE

MUD SHEARING DEVICE

MUD GUN

MUD PUMP MUD PIT

<Fig.20 : Piping System for Mud Shearing Device>

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DISCHARGE

PULSATION DAMPENER

RO

SUCTION FROM MUD PIT

<Fig.21 :

MUD PUMP>

3-3) Hole Fill Pump Trip Tank <Fig.22 > Drilling High Pressure Mud Pump Mud Drilling ( , Hole- Drill Pipe , Drill Pipe , Hole- Test ) - High Pressure Mud Pump Hole Fi Mud . Trip Tank Mud Pit Hole Fill Pump Mud Suction Trip Tank- Mud . Mud Circulation Trip Tank Mud- Hole - . Trip Tank Possum Belly Tank Hole Fill Pump- Discharge Mud Div Port Mud . erter Mud , ll Pump

LEVEL INDICATOR POSSUM BELLY TANK

HOLE FILL PUMP

WELL

<Fig.22 : Hole Fill Pump and Trip Tank>

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BULK CEMENT TANK

HOPPER MIXING CHAMBER

TO CEMENT PUMPING UNIT WATER NOZZLE

<Fig.23 : Halliburton Jet Cement Mixer>

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Travelling Block Swivel Kelly

Slips Drill Stg.

Mouse Hole Rat Hole

<Fig. 24 : MAKING A CONNECTION>

Travelling Block Elevator Finger Board Monkey Man Drill Stands

Stand Pipe Swivel Roughneck Kelly Rat Hole Mouse Hole Slips Drill String

<Fig. 25 : TRIPPING OUT>

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Flowline Outlet

ANNULAR BOP IN DIVERTER MODE (shown closed)

Bell Nipple Annular Packing Element Control Port Sliding Piston Hydr. Control System

Vent Port

Actuator Drill Pipe Vent Vent Valve

DIVERTER (One Step Operation)

Driling Spool Conductor or Marine Riser

<Fig.26 : MARINE RISER DIVERTER>

<Fig.27 : ANNULAR BLOWOUT PREVENTER>

Shear / Blind Rams

Hydraulic Actuators

Pipe Rams Kill Ports

<Fig. 28 : RAM TYPE BOP SCHEMATIC>

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) API RP 53, Recommended Practice for Blowout Prevention Equipment System for Drilling Wells (officially discontinued but still available). ) API RP 64, Recommended Practice for Diverter Systems, Equipment and Operations. ) API RP 16E, Recommended Practice for the Design of Control Systems for Drilling Well Well Control Equipment.

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Telescopic Joint
RISER SYSTEM

Guide Wires Hydraulic Control Hoses

Recovery System Annular Flexible Joint

LOWER RISER ASSEMBLY

Choke / Kill Lines

Choke / Kill Lines Control Pod

Riser Collect Connector - EDP Annular Stab in Guides Protection Frame Ram BOP's - 4
BOP STACK

Wellhead Collect Connector Temporary Guide Base

<Fig. 29 : EQUIPMENT FOR FLOATING DRILLING VESSEL>

) MARINE RISER FLEXIBLE JOINT EDP Marine Riser Flexible Ball Joint Drill Ship . Second Ball Joint Riser Top Diverter .
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Wellhead

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Jetting

Drilling

a) Jet Bit

Drill String

Bent Sub

Drilling Motor (mud powered)

Bearing and Connecting Rod

Drill Bit

b) Drilling Motor

<Fig.30 : DIRECTIONAL DRILLING>

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