Bi ging Dao ng iu ha

ng Vit Hng
Bi ging s 01:

I CNG V DAO NG IU HA - PHN 1

DNG 1: PHNG TRNH LI DAO NG
V d 1: Xc nh bin dao ng A, tn s gc v pha ban u ca cc dao ng c phng trnh sau:

a) x = 3cos 10t + cm.

b) x = 2sin t cm.
c) x = cos 4t + cm.
3
4
6

Hng dn gii:
Bng thao tc chuyn i phng trnh lng gic kt hp vi phng trnh dao ng iu ha ta c

a) x = 3cos 10t + cm
A = 3cm; = 10 rad/s; = rad
3
3

3
3

b) x = 2sin t cm = 2sin t + cm = 2sin t + cm

A = 2cm; = rad/s; = rad
4
4
4
4

5
5

ra
c) x = cos 4t cm = cos 4t + cm = cos 4t + cm
A = 1cm; = 4 rad/s; =
6
6
6
6

V d 2: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh x = 10cos(2t + /6) cm.

a) Xc nh li ca vt khi pha dao ng bng /3.
b) Xc nh li ca vt cc thi im t = 1 (s); t = 0,25 (s).
c) Xc nh cc thi im vt qua li x = 5 cm v x = 10 cm.
Hng dn gii:

a) Khi pha dao ng bng /3 tc ta c 2t + =

x = 10cos = 5cm.
6 3
3
b) Xc nh li ca vt cc thi im t = 1 (s); t = 0,25 (s).

 Khi t = 1(s)
x = 10cos 2.1 + = 10cos = 5 3 cm.
6
6

 Khi t = 0, 25(s)
x = 10cos 2.0, 25 + = 10cos
= 5cm.
6
6

c) Xc nh cc thi im vt qua li x = 5 cm v x = 10 cm.

Cc thi im m vt qua li x = xo phi tha mn phng trnh x = x o A cos ( t + ) = x o cos ( t + ) =

xo
A

2t + =
+ k2

1
2

6 3

 x = 5cm x = 10cos 2t + = 5 cos 2t + = = cos

6
6
2
3

2t + = 2 + k2

6
3
1
t = 4 + k ; k = 0;1; 2...

(do t khng th m).

t = 5 + k ; k = 1;2;3..

12

 x = 10cm x = 10cos 2t + = 10 cos 2t + = 1 = cos(k2) 2t + = k2 t = + k ; ( k = 1;2...)

6
6
6
12

DNG 2: PHNG TRNH VN TC, GIA TC

V d 1: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh x = 4cos(4t /3) cm.
a) Vit phng trnh vn tc ca vt.
b) Xc nh vn tc ca vt cc thi im t = 0,5 (s) ; t = 1,25 (s).
c) Tnh tc ca vt khi vt qua li x = 2 cm.
Hng dn gii:

a) T phng trnh dao ng x = 4cos 4t cm

v = x = 16 sin 4t cm/s.
3
3

b) Xc nh vn tc ca vt cc thi im t = 0,5 (s) ; t = 1,25 (s).

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 Khi t = 0,5(s)
v = 16 sin 4.0,5 = 16 sin 2 = 16 sin = 8 3 cm/s.
3
3

 Khi t = 1,125(s)
v = 16 sin 4.1,125 = 16 sin
= 16 cos = 8 cm/s.
3

2 3
3

1
3

c) Khi vt qua li x = 2cm

4cos 4t = 2 cos 4t =
sin 4t = 1 =
3
3 2
3
4
2

Khi , v = 16sin 4t = 16.

= 8 3 cm/s.
3
2

Vy khi vt qua li x = 2 cm th tc ca vt t c l v = 8 3 cm/s.

V d 2: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh x = 2cos(t + /6) cm.Ly 2 = 10.
a) Vit phng trnh vn tc, gia tc ca vt.
b) Xc nh vn tc, gia tc ca vt thi im t = 0,5 (s).
c) Tnh tc cc i, gia tc cc i ca vt.
Hng dn gii:

v = x = 2 sin t + cm/s
6

a) T phng trnh dao ng x = 2cos t + cm

.
6

2
2
2
a = x = .2 cos t + = 20cos t + cm/s
6
6

b) Thay t = 0,5 (s) vo cc phng trnh vn tc, gia tc ta c:

 v = 2 sin t + = 2 sin + = 2 cos = 3 cm/s.

6

2 6
6

 a = 20cos t + = 20cos + = 20sin = 10 cm/s 2 .
6
6

2 6
v max = A = 2 (cm/s).
c) T cc biu thc tnh vmax v amax ta c
2
2
2
a max = A = 2 = 20 (cm/s ).
V d 3: Mt vt dao ng iu ha c phng trnh x = 2cos(10t + /4) cm.
a) Vit phng trnh dao ng, phng trnh gia tc ca vt.

b) Tnh li , vn tc, gia tc ca vt cc thi im t = 0 v t = 0,5 (s).

c) Xc nh cc thi im vt qua li x = 2 cm theo chiu m v x = 1 cm theo chiu dng.

V d 4: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh x = 10cos(4t + /3) cm.

a) Vit biu thc ca vn tc, gia tc ca vt.

b) Tnh vn tc, gia tc ca vt ti thi im t = 0,5 (s) v t = 2 (s).

c) Khi vt c li x = 4 cm th vt c tc l bao nhiu?

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Bi ging Dao ng iu ha

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d) Tm nhng thi im vt qua li x = 5 3 cm.

DNG 3: H THC LIN H TRONG DAO NG IU HA

V d 1: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh x = 5cos(t + /3) cm. Ly 2 = 10.
a) Khi vt qua v tr cn bng c tc 10 (cm/s). Vit biu thc vn tc, gia tc ca vt.
b) Tnh tc ca vt khi vt c li 3 (cm).
5 2
(cm) th vt c tc l bao nhiu ?
c) Khi vt cch v tr cn bng mt on
2
Hng dn gii:
v
10
a) Khi vt qua v tr cn bng th tc ca vt t cc i nn v max = A = 10
= max =
= 2 (rad/s).
A
5

v = x = 10 sin t + cm/s
3

Khi x = 5cos 2t + cm

a = 2 x = 4 2 .5cos t + = 200cos t + cm/s 2

3
3

b) Khi x = 3 cm, p dng h thc lin h ta c

x2
v2
+

v = A 2 x 2 = 2 52 32 = 8 (cm/s).
2
2 2
A
A
2

5 2
5 2
5 2
c) Khi vt cch v tr cn bng mt on
(cm), tc l x =
(cm)
v = 2 52
= 5 2 (cm/s).
2
2
2
V d 2: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi bin A, tn s f. Tm tc ca vt nhng thi im vt c li
A 2
a) x =
.
2

A 3
.
2

b) x =

A
.
2

c) x =

V d 3: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh x = 4cos(2t + /2) cm.

b) Vit biu thc ca vn tc, gia tc ca vt.

c) Tnh vn tc, gia tc ca vt ti thi im t = 0,5 (s) v t = 2 (s).

d) Khi vt c li x = 2 cm th vt c tc l bao nhiu?

e) Tm nhng thi im vt qua li x = 2 2 cm theo chiu m.

DNG 4: CHU K, TN S TRONG DAO NG IU HA

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Bi ging Dao ng iu ha

ng Vit Hng

V d 1: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi bin 10 cm. Trong khong thi gian 90 giy, vt thc hin c 180
dao ng. Ly 2 = 10.
a) Tnh chu k, tn s dao ng ca vt.
b) Tnh tc cc i v gia tc cc i ca vt.
Hng dn gii:
t 90
a) Ta c t = N.T
T =
=
= 0,5 (s).
N 180
T ta c tn s dao ng l f = 1/T = 2 (Hz).
2 2
b) Tn s gc dao ng ca vt l =
=
= 4 (rad/s).
T 0,5
v max = A = 40 (cm/s).
Tc cc i, gia tc cc i ca vt c tnh bi cng thc
2
2
2
2
a max = A = 16 = 160 (cm/s ) = 1,6 (m/s ).
V d 2: Mt vt dao ng iu ha c v max = 16 (cm/s); amax = 6,4 (m/s 2 ). Ly 2 = 10.
a) Tnh chu k, tn s dao ng ca vt.
b) Tnh di qu o chuyn ng ca vt.
A
A 3
c) Tnh tc ca vt khi vt qua cc li x = ; x =
.
2
2
Hng dn gii:
v max = 16 (cm/s)
a
640 40
a) Ta c

= max =
=
= 4 (rad/s).
2
2
v max 16
a max = 6, 4 (m / s ) = 640 (cm/s )
2

T = = 0,5 (s)
T ta c chu k v tn s dao ng l
f = = 2 (Hz)

2
v max 16
b) Bin dao ng A tha mn A =
=
= 4 (cm).

4
di qu o chuyn ng l 2A = 8 (cm).
c) p dng cng thc tnh tc ca vt ta c:

 khi x =

A
A 2 4.A 3

v = A 2 x 2 = 4 A 2
=
= 8 3 (cm/s).
2
4
2

A 3
3A 2 4.A

v = A 2 x 2 = 4 A 2
=
= 8 (cm/s).
2
4
2
V d 3: Mt vt dao ng iu ha c gia tc cc i l amax = 18 m/s2 v khi vt qua v tr cn bng c tc l
3 m/s. Tnh:
a) tn s dao ng ca vt.

 khi x =

b) bin dao ng ca vt.

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