Centre Number

Candidate Number

Name

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education

0610/02

BIOLOGY
Paper 2

May/June 2003
1 hour
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No additional materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

For Examiners Use

1
2
3
4
5
If you have been given a label, look at the
details. If any details are incorrect or
missing, please fill in your correct details
in the space given at the top of this page.
Stick your personal label here, if
provided.

6
7
8
9
Total

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

SP (AT/KN) S42063/3
CIE 2003

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For
Examiners
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2
1

Respiration is a characteristic of living organisms.

(a) State three other characteristics of living organisms.

nutrition
1. ......................................................................................................................................
reproduction
2. ......................................................................................................................................

sensitivity
3. ..................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) A remote control deep-sea probe collected mud from the seabed at a depth of 8000 m.
The mud was thought to contain living microorganisms.
Suggest an investigation you might carry out which would indicate whether respiring
microorganisms are present in a sample of the mud.

The mud is placed in a porous bag (e.g. made of cloth such as muslin)
..........................................................................................................................................

and suspended over lime water in a sealed container. The apparatus is

..........................................................................................................................................
then left for at least I2 hours. After this time, if there are living
..........................................................................................................................................

microorganisms in the mud, carbon dioxide released will have turned

..........................................................................................................................................
the lime water milky. A control is set up with the mud this time strongly
..........................................................................................................................................
heated to kill any microorganisms. The lime water remains clear.
......................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total : 7]

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For
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3
2

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows a sugar cane flower that is wind pollinated.
X

Fig. 2.1
(i)

Name structures X and Y.

is the stigma
X ...............................................................................................................................
is the anther
Y ...........................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Explain how a feature, visible in Fig. 2.1, suggests that this flower is wind
pollinated.

The stigmas are feathery to provide a large surface area for trapping
...................................................................................................................................
the maximum amount of pollen passing in the air.
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)

Suggest two other features in which the sugar cane flower might be different from
an insect-pollinated flower.

no scent (or smell)

1. ...............................................................................................................................
no bright colours
2. ...........................................................................................................................[2]

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4
(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the dispersal of winged fruits around a tree in open grassland. Samples
were taken along straight lines at 5 metre intervals.

N
62

NW

NE
70
80
89
99

15

19

26

31

104
25

92

79

72

61

5m
10 m

19
10

15 m
20 m
25 m

SW

SE
2

Key
position of tree
numbers show
how many fruits
were collected
in 1 m2

Fig. 2.2
(i)

From which direction does the wind usually blow?

Southwest
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)

Explain how you arrived at your answer.

because most and similar number of seeds are found to the North and
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
to the East
(iii)

Suggest a reason, other than the wind, that might affect the distribution of these
fruits.

There may be more branches and/or more fruits on one side of the
...................................................................................................................................
tree than on the other
...............................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 9]
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For
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5
3

Fig. 3.1 shows the carbon cycle.

carbon dioxide
in the air

carbohydrates and proteins

in dead organic matter

death
carbohydrates and
proteins in animals

carbon compounds in fossil

fuels e.g. oil and coal

death

carbohydrates and proteins

in green plants

Fig. 3.1
(a) Label one arrow in each case to show where each of the following processes occur in
the carbon cycle.
(i)

Combustion using the letter C

[1]

(ii)

Decomposition using the letter D

[1]

(iii)

Photosynthesis using the letter P

[1]

(iv)

Respiration using the letter R

[1]

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6
(b) Many environmentalists are concerned by the extent of deforestation that is happening
throughout the world.
Suggest how deforestation might affect
(i)

the carbon cycle;

There might be more carbon dioxide in the air since there would be fewer
...................................................................................................................................
trees to absorb CO2 during photosynthesis but less CO 2 would be released
...................................................................................................................................

by microorganisms since they have fewer trees or leaves to decay

...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)

the water cycle.

There would be fewer roots to absorb water and fewer leaves to release
...................................................................................................................................

water by transpiration. This would lead to less water vapour in the air.
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 8]

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For
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7
4

Fig. 4.1 shows a typical animal cell and a typical plant cell.

Fig. 4.1
(a) (i)

Name the parts of the cells labelled A and B.

nucleus
A ...............................................................................................................................
cytoplasm
B ...........................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)

Label on the diagram, with a letter C, another structure that occurs in both cells. [1]

(b) For each of the following types of cell, state one way in which it is different from the
animal cell in Fig. 4.1. State the function of each type of cell.
(i)

cell lining the trachea (windpipe)

It has cilia
difference ..................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

to sweep mucus up the trachea

function .....................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)

red blood cell

There is no nucleus
difference ..................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

to carry oxygen
function .....................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]

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For
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8
(c) Materials can enter the cells shown in Fig. 4.1 by diffusion and osmosis.
(i)

Define diffusion.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of their higher

...................................................................................................................................
concentration to a region of their lower concentration
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)

Describe how osmosis differs from diffusion.

Osmosis is specifically the movement of water molecules through a

...................................................................................................................................
partially permeable membrane
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 11]

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9
5

(a) Complete the following passage using only words from the list below.
diploid

gametes

haploid

meiosis

mitosis

red blood cells

The transfer of inherited characteristics to new cells and new individuals depends on
two types of cell division.

mitosis
During ...............................................,
the chromosomes are duplicated exactly and

diploid
...............................................
cells are produced.
However, during ...............................................,
the chromosome sets are first
meiosis

haploid
duplicated and then halved producing ...............................................
cells. These cells

gametes
will become ...............................................
.
[5]
(b) Using a labelled, genetic diagram, explain the inheritance of the sex of an individual.

Sex chromosomes of
parents

Sex chromosomes of
gametes

father
X Y

mother
X X

X
X

XX
female
XX
female

XY

male
XY

male

Possible sex of offspring

(female:male ratio = I:I )
[4]
[Total : 9]
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For
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10
6

(a) Using a single line in each case, link each definition to the correct process.
definition

process

getting rid of fibre

(roughage) from an
animal

digestion

egestion
large food molecules
broken down into
simple substances
excretion
taking in food into an
animals alimentary
canal

ingestion

[3]

(b) Fig. 6.1 shows the alimentary canal and associated organs.

(iv)
(ii) and (iii)
(i)
Fig. 6.1
On Fig. 6.1, label the sites of each of the following processes.
(i)

absorption of water

[1]

(ii)

bile production

[1]

(iii)

glycogen storage

[1]

(iv)

lipase production

[1]
[Total : 7]
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For
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11
7

Fig. 7.1 shows the eye in section.

Fig. 7.1
(a) State the function of each of the labelled parts of the eye.

refracts, or bends, light rays as they enter the eye

A .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

focuses the light rays onto the retina

B .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

Controls the amount of light reaching the retina

C .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

Converts the stimulation of light into electrical impulses

D .......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]

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12
(b) Fig. 7.2 shows two external views of the eye.

changes
to

Fig. 7.2
The change shown in Fig. 7.2 happens when certain drugs are present in the blood.
Suggest how this could affect a persons vision.

The wider pupil allows too much light to enter the eyes risking damage
..........................................................................................................................................
to the retina
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 6]

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13
8

(a) Translocation and transpiration are processes that occur in plants.

Describe each of these processes.

is the movement of chemicals in solution through a plant

translocation .....................................................................................................................
e.g. the movement of dissolved sugars in the phloem from the leaves to
..........................................................................................................................................

the roots for storage.

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

is the loss of water vapour down a concentration gradient from

transpiration .....................................................................................................................

the leaves of a plant. It takes place through stomata.

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) Fig. 8.1 shows an investigation that was set up and left for 30 hours.

pale green leaf

leaf stalk

red dye

Fig. 8.1
At the end of this time, the leaf had become red.
Suggest an explanation for this result.

As the leaf loses water due to transpiration, water containing red dye is
..........................................................................................................................................
drawn up the xylem in the leaf stalk. The xylem continues into the leaf
..........................................................................................................................................
whose tissues then become stained red by the dye carried in the water.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total : 8]
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For
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14
9

Fig. 9.1 shows some parts of an ecosystem.

zebra eats
grass

energy

Fig. 9.1
(a) (i)

In what form is energy passed from the Sun to the grass?

light
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)

In what form is energy passed from the grass to the zebra?

chemical
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(b) When the zebra dies, the energy in its body is released by decomposers.
(i)

Name one group of microorganisms involved in this process.

bacteria
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)

Suggest in what form most of the energy is finally passed to the environment.

heat
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Why is the movement of energy in an ecosystem described as a flow and not as a
cycle?

Energy is not returned to the sun or by any of the organisms to those

..........................................................................................................................................
that come before them in a food chain. It is thus not re-used or recycled.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 5]

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0610/2/M/J/03

Summary of Examiners Notes on CIE IGCSE Biology

Paper 2 June 2003
Page: 2
Q1 (a)

growth, movement and excretion are also correct, but remember that
plants do not show locomotion and feeding is not the correct technical
term for nutrition since it might suggest the act of eating which is
incorrect for plants. Note, in particular, that the question asks for three
characteristics of living organisms other than respiration.

Q1 (b)

Always remember to describe a control. Other carbon dioxide

indicators are acceptable as long as colours, correct for the indicator,
are mentioned. Never say that the experiment is left without giving
some idea of time.

Page: 3
Q2 (a) ii

The stigmas and the anthers are exposed outside the flower the
stigmas so they can catch the pollen passing in the wind, the anthers
so they can best release it into the wind both are also acceptable
responses to this question. Note also that the question asks
specifically for features visible in Fig. 2.1.

Q2 (a) iii

Other correct answers would include references to dry, dusty pollen

released in large quantities, or a mention that pollen in the sugar cane
would be much smaller. The absence of nectaries and, although size
is not clear from Fig. 2.1, smaller flowers or petals would all have
gained credit.

Page: 4
Q2 (b)

The distribution includes the numbers of fruits as well as the directions

in which the fruits travel. A poor yield would therefore affect
distribution. Always look to give natural, biological answers rather
than those that might involve human intervention.

Page: 5
Q3 (a) iv

Using the same letter to label one arrow correctly and one incorrectly
could carry a penalty, but in (iv), the letter could be acceptably placed
beside the arrow from green plants to the air.

Page: 6
Q3 (b) ii

References to droughts, the formation of deserts, floods and erosion

are not closely enough tied to the recognised stages in the water
cycle to be worth credit.

Page: 7
Q4 (a) ii

On the right-hand (plant) cell, it would be acceptable to label the wavy

line forming the central circle. All these structures are cell membranes.
Make sure your label line stops exactly on the line you are intending to
indicate.

Q4 (b) i

Never call cilia hairs and never suggest that the cilia trap dust or
bacteria its the mucus that performs that function.

Q4 (b) ii

Other differences such as the presence of haemoglobin or the

biconcave shape are acceptable.

Page: 8
Q4 (c) i

Particles or ions would be acceptable alternatives to molecules as

would down a concentration gradient.

Q4 (c) ii

In all other respects, osmosis is a form of diffusion.

Page: 9
Q5 (a)

Always be sure to spell mitosis and meiosis correctly. Aware of the

confusion present in many students minds between the two
processes, Examiners will look for total accuracy in this respect.

Q5 (b)

Each line of the diagram should be explained and the X and Y used to
identify the sex chromosomes should be written in capital letters.

Page: 10
Q6 (a)

Excretion is included in the list to attract those candidates who

believe that this is the term for the removal of faeces from the
alimentary canal. The main bulk of faeces is fibre which has not
undergone any chemical reaction in the body.

Q6 (b) i

It is commonly thought that the colon is the main site of water

absorption, but most is actually absorbed in the ileum.

Q6(b) ii

A common mistake is to believe that bile is made in the gall bladder. It

is not. It is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder before it is
released into the duodenum.

Page: 11
Q7 (a)

In A, protection is too vague to score; in B a reference to the lens

changing shape does not provide enough detail and the same applies
to changing the size of the pupil in C. Messages is also not
sufficiently scientifically accurate to score in D.

Page: 12
Q7 (b)

Causing double vision would not be acceptable, since this more likely
to be a result of the effect of the drug on the function of the brain
rather than a result of too much light entering the eye.

Page: 13
Q8 (a)

In transpiration, water does not evaporate from the surface of the

leaves. It evaporates inside the leaf, then the vapour diffuses out of
the stomata.

Q8 (b)

A full explanation requires that you start your answer from the moment
the dye enters the leaf stalk as well as an explanation of its reasons
for doing so.

Page: 14
Q9 (a) i

solar energy would not be acceptable, since it also includes heat

which would be an incorrect answer.

Q9 (b) i

Fungi would be equally acceptable, but saprophytes or

decomposers would not be acceptable as a group of microorganisms
since they include more than one group.