Mc ch ca vn c

Vn c c tin hnh gia hai ngi, mt ngi cm qun Trng (hay ), mt ngi cm qun en (hay Xanh l cy). Mc ch ca mi ngi l tm mi cch i qun trn bn c theo ng lut chiu b Tng (hay Soi, hoc Su) ca i phng v ginh thng li.

Bn c v qun c

Tng, S v Cu cung Bn c l mt hnh ch nht do 9 ng dc v 10 ng ngang ct nhau vung gc ti 90 im hp thnh. Mt khong trng gi l sng (hay h) nm ngang gia bn c, chia bn c thnh hai phn i xng bng nhau. Mi bn c mt cung Tng hnh vung (Cu cung) do 4 hp thnh ti cc ng dc 4, 5, 6 k t ng ngang cui ca mi bn, trong 4 ny c v hai ng cho xuyn qua. Theo quy c, khi bn c c quan st chnh din, pha di s l qun Trng (hoc ), pha trn s l qun en. Cc ng dc bn Trng () c nh s t 1 n 9 t phi qua tri. Cc ng dc bn en c nh s t 9 ti 1 t phi qua tri. Ranh gii gia hai bn l sng (h). Con sng ny c tn l S h Hn gii ()- con sng nh ra bin gii gia nc S v nc Hn. Theo lch s Trung Hoa c th khi nghip nh Hn, Lu Bang c cuc chin lin min vi S vng l Hng V. Cuc chin gia hai bn lm trm h lm than. Hng V bn ni vi Hn vng: My nm nay thin h khn kh ch v hai chng ta. By gi quyt mt trn sng mi khi lm kh thin h na. Hn vng tr li: Ta ch u tr ch khng thm u sc. Hai bn gip mt nhau khe Qung V. Hn vng bn k 10 ti ln ca Hng vng, Hng

vng tc gin dng n bn trng Hn vng, Hn vng eo tn chy vo Thnh Cao. Hai bn gi vng t ca mnh. Mi n khi thy khng cn lc lng trit h ln nhau, hai bn mi chu giao c chia i thin h: t Hng Cu v Ty thuc Hn, t Hng Cu v ng thuc S. T in tch ny, ngi ta hnh dung bn c tng nh hai quc gia Hn v S, coi ranh gii l mt dng sng. Cho ti nay, trn cc bn c tng, khong h nm chnh gia, chia i bn c, ngi ta thng ghi S h Hn gii (bng ch Hn) l v nh vy.Mi vn c lc bt u phi c 32 qun, chia u cho mi bn gm 16 qun Trng () v 16 qun en, gm 7 loi qun. Tuy tn qun c ca mi bn c th vit khc nhau (k hiu theo ch Hn) nhng gi tr v cch i qun ca chng li ging nhau hon ton. By loi qun c k hiu v s lng cho mi bn nh sau:

Mt thanh nin Vit chi c tng trn mt bn c khng l ti mt hi ch Tt Qun K hiu Tng S Tng Xe Pho M Tt

S lng 1 2 2 2 2 2 5

Lch s
y loi c c t khong th k 7. C tng c bt ngun t Saturanga, mt loi c c c pht minh n t th k 5 n th k 6 (trc c tng khong 200 nm). Chnh Saturanga c pht minh t n , sau i v pha ty, tr thnh c vua v i v pha ng tr thnh c tng. Ngi Trung Quc cng tha nhn iu ny. C tng c i khng c qun Pho. Cc nh nghin cu u thng nht l qun Pho c b sung t thi nh ng (sau nm 618), l qun c ra i mun nht trong bn c tng, bi cho ti thi , con ngi mi tm ra v kh pho s dng trong chin tranh. Tuy nhin, ngi Trung Hoa ci tin bn c Saturanga nh sau: H khng dng , khng dng hai mu phn bit , m h chuyn sang dng ng t qun v i qun. Ch vi ng tc ny, h tng thm s im i qun t 64 ca Saturanga ln 81. l hai quc gia i khng th phi c bin gii r rng, t , h t ra h, tc l sng. Khi h xut hin trn bn c, 18 im t qun na c tng thm. Nh vy, bn c tng by gi l 90 im so vi 64, l mt s m rng ng k. Tuy nhin, din tch chung ca bn c hu nh khng tng my (ch tng thm 8 ) so vi s im tng ln ti 1 phn 3. l quc gia th phi c cung cm ( ) v khng th i khp bn c nh kiu tr chi Saturanga c. Th l Cu cung c to ra. iu ny th hin t duy phng ng ht sc r rng.

Bn c Saturanga c hnh dng qun c l nhng hnh khi, nhng c Tng th qun no trng cng ging qun no, ch c mi tn l khc nhau, li c vit bng ch Hn. y c th l l do khin c tng khng c ph bin bng c vua, ch cn lic qua l c th nhn ra u l Vua, u l Hong hu, k s, v.v. Tuy nhin, i vi ngi Trung Hoa th vic thuc mt c ny l khng c vn g kh khn. C l vic ci tin ny cng mt phn l do iu kin kinh t by gi cha sn xut c b c c hnh khi phc tp nh c vua. C tng khng phi l mt tr chi sang trng, mun to ra mt bn c tng cc k n gin, ch cn ly que vch xung nn t cng xong, cn c vua th mt cng hn nhiu khi phi to ra cc en/trng xen k nhau. Gn y ngy cng c nhiu kin ngh ci cch hnh dng cc qun c tng v trn thc t ngi ta a nhng phc tho ca nhng b qun mi bng hnh tng thay cho ch vit, nht l khi c tng c chi nhng nc khng s dng ting Trung Quc. Vi s thay i b cc bn c, ngi Trung Hoa phi c nhng iu chnh ly li s cn bng cho bn c. chnh l nhng ngoi l m ngi chi phi t nh. (Xem thm phn M, Tng).

Xut x tn gi
Bn c tng tht s l mt trn a sinh ng, c tng c lp v tht hon ho: cc binh chng trn chin trng, cng c, th c, cc qun c chia thnh ba lp xen k hi ho. Li cn c c sng, cung cm. Hnh tng quc gia hon chnh, c vua ti, c 5 binh chng, c quan nh, qun ra trn v.v, va c ngha, va mang sc thi phng ng r nt, v vy ngi Trung Hoa t tn cho c ny l Tng k () vi ngha tng l hnh tng, tc l c c y ngha c th hin bng hng lot cc hnh tng. Tuy nhin, cng c mt s ti liu l gii rng, v Trung Hoa khng c voi, khi tip nhn Saturanga thy trong cc quan c qun voi l nn ngi Trung Hoa bn gi l tng k k nim mt loi c l c con voi. Nh th c ngi suy ra tng k c ngha l c voi. M c khi ch tng l s kt hp mt cch ngu nhin c hai ngha trn, v ch tng ch c mt cch vit m thi v n c hnh dng con voi tht. Vit Nam th t xa ti nay vn gi l c tng ch khng ai gi l c tng c. Tng cm u th phi gi l c tng. cng l nt hay ca ngn ng Vit, d gn gi, d hiu. Khi c vua du nhp vo Trung Quc, h gi n bng ci tn rt di l Quc t tng k (c voi th gii) v cho n nay h vn gi nh vy, trong khi ngi Vit ch gi mt tn ngn gn li l c vua.

Nguyn tc chi
Qun c c di chuyn theo lut sau: 1. Tng: i tng mt, i ngang hoc dc. Tng lun lun phi trong phm vi cung v khng c ra ngoi. Cung tc l hnh vung 33 c nh du bi lng cho hnh ch X. 2. S: i xo 1 mi nc. S lun lun phi trong cung nh con Tng. 3. Tng: i cho 2 (ngang 2 v dc 2) cho mi nc i. Tng ch c php mt bn ca bn c, khng c di chuyn sang na bn c ca i phng. Nc i ca tng s khng hp l khi c mt qun c nm chn gia ng i. 4. Xe: i ngang hay dc trn bn c min l ng b qun khc cn ng t im i n im n. 5. M: i ngang 2 v dc 1 (hay dc 2 v ngang 1 ) cho mi nc i. Nu c qun nm ngay bn cnh m v cn ng ngang 2 (hay ng dc 2), m b cn khng c i ng . 6. Pho: i ngang v dc ging nh xe. im khc bit l nu pho mun n qun, pho phi nhy qua ng 1 qun no . Khi khng n qun, tt c nhng im t ch i n ch n phi khng c qun cn. 7. Tt: (hay Binh) i mt mi nc. Nu cht cha vt qua sng, n ch c th i thng tin. Khi vt sng ri, cht c th i ngang 1 nc hay i thng tin 1 bc mi nc. 8. n qun: Khi qun di chuyn n 1 v tr gi bi qun i phng, qun i phng b n v b ly ra khi bn c. 9. Chng tng: Hai con tng trn bn khng c nm trn cng 1 ct dc m khng c qun cn no gia. Nc i 2 con tng trong v tr chng tng l khng hp l. 10. An ton ca tng: Sau 1 nc i, tng ca bn i khng c qun i phng n ngay trong nc tip. Nhng nc tng khng an ton l khng hp l.Thng thng b x l li k thut,nu 1 vn c b phm 3 li th s thua.

Kt thc trn u: Vn c kt thc khi 1 trong nhng tnh hung sau: Chiu b: Nu mt bn chiu (bt tng), v i th khng c kh nng , bn chiu tng thng. Ht nc i: Nu bn ti phin i nhng khng c nc hp l i, bn s b thua. Khi mt hoc 2 bn b phm li.

Lut nng cao

cho vn c c cng bng, mt s nc i b hn ch. Trong khi nh c ,hn ch khng cho php bt c bn no ui mt qun c ca i phng lin tc bng mt hoc nhiu qun ca mnh. Ty theo qun b ui l tng hay khng, nhng nc ui gi l chiu dai hay ui dai. T vng: cho lut c chnh xc, nhng t sau c nh ngh mt cch chnh xc: 1. Chiu tng: Bt c nc i no lm cho tng i phng c th b bt trong nc tip. 2. Th qun: Mt qun di chuyn n v tr m n c th bt qun cng loi ca i phng v qun cng c th bt n li nu i phng mun. 3. ui qun: Mt qun di chuyn n v tr m n c th bt mt qun no ca i phng (khng phi tng) trong nc tip. Mt nc cng c gi l nc ui bt nu nc to iu kin cho pho hm da bt qun i phng. Sau y l mt vi ngoi l: Khi nc i ca tng hay chut hm da qun i phng, nc i khng c cho l nc ui qun. Nc i hm da chut cha sang sng khng c cho l nc ui qun. Nc th qun khng c cho l nc ui qun. 4. Qun c bo v: Mt qun b ui c gi l c bo v nu bt c qun ui ca i phng nu n n c th b n li ngay trong nc k tip. Mt ngoi l l xe khng bao gi c cho l c bo v khi n b ui bi pho hay m ca i phng.