Professional Documents
Culture Documents
e)aHBum
elIkTI 2
Mathematical heritage
1-
2-
1-
2-
4-
5-
6-
7-
8-
3-
9-
2-
1-
2-
mui
1-
0 ,1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 , 6 ,7 ,8 ,9
-
(( ))
!!
100%
, 08
2010
(092 200 672)
CMBUk 1
kaernmYycMnYn
1-23.
( Quick Squaring )
-cMnYnEdlenAEk,reKal 10 ...1
A lMhat;Gnuvtn_ .....5
B-cMnYnEdlminenAEk,reKal 10 .5
B lMhat;Gnuvtn_ ..9
C-kareRbIviFIsaRs Duplex 10
C lMhat;Gnuvtn_ 15
D-kaerBiess 15
a- cMnYnEdlmanelxxagcug 5 15
b- cMnYnEdlcab;epImedayelx 5 ..16
c- cMnYnEdlmanelxxagcug 1 20
d- cMnYnEdlmanelxxagcug 9 22
D lMhat;Gnuvtn_ .....23
n
1-
1-
1-
1-
CMBUk 2
bskaernmYycMnYn
.....24-39
A-
bskaerR)akd 26
A -lMhat;Gnuvtn_ ....35
2
B-
CMBUk 3
KUbnmYycMnYn
.....40-48
( Quick Cube )
CMBUk 4
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
....49-63
( Cube Roots )
CMBUk 5
karkMNt;elxcugRkay
.64-76
rebobrkelxcugeRkayncMnYnTRmg; a .64
b
1 a 9
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ ....71
B- rebobrkelxcugeRkayncMnYnTRmg; N ...71
B - lMhat;Gnuvtn_........76
A5-
CMBUk 6
PaBEckdac;nmYycMnYn
. 77-83
viFIEckGWKItkgsMNMu ...78
A -lMhat;Gnuvtn_ .80
B- rebobrksMNl;nviFIEck . 80
B -lMhat;Gnuvtn_ ..83
A-
CMBUk 7
kMsanKNitviTa
.84-101
( Game of Mathematics)
EpkcemIy
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
ksareyag
..102-132
........133-142
Quick Squaring
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
CMBUk 1
kaernmYycMnYn
kaer nmYycMnYn
( Quick Squaring )
beckeTsKNnaelxrhsmansarsMxan;Nas;enAkg
bribTnasmyTMenIbenH BIeRBaHfa ebIeyIgKNnaelOnva
GaccMenjeBlevlarhUtdl; 50% ehIydMeNIrnkar
KNnaelxenHgay RsYlenAkgkarcgcaM nig manPaB
eCOCak; 100% pgEdr.
]TahrN_ 1 KNna 214 = 45796
CabneTotnwgmankarbkRsayGMBIkarKNnakaernmYy
cMnYnedayeRbIviFIsaRsCaeRcInEbk BIKaeTAtamlkNn
elxenaH.
A-cMnYnEdlenAEk,reKal 10 ( number near to a base )
viFIsaRskgkarelIkCakaerncMnYnmYyEdlenACMuvij
100 , 1000 , 10000 , .mandUcxageRkam
]> KNna 97
1- RtUvkMNt;GMBIcMnYnEdlRtUvelIs rW xVH
97 )annyfaxVH 3 esI 100
2
-1-
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
-2-
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
bkRsaybEnm
elIs 8 , 108 + 8 = 116
KNna 108
= 64
bkRsaybEnm
KNna 88
xVH 12 , 88-12 = 76
eKal 100 , 12
= 144
dUecH
882 = 7744
-3-
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
-4-
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ KNnakaerncMnYnxageRkam
A1-
a- 96
f- 9979
k- 99999983
b- 103
g- 899
l- 10000111
c- 121
h- 10015
m- 1009
d- 996
i- 9987
n- 99997
e- 1013
B-
j- 9999
cMnYnEdlminenAEk,reKal 10
o- 999979
n
500 =
1000
2
or 500 = 100 5
-5-
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
]TahrN_1 KNna 49
karbkRsay 49 CacMnYnEdlenAEk,r 50 , Edl 50 = 1002
1 CacMnYnxVH ( - ) eTAelI 49 esI 50
eK)anlTplEckecjCaBIrEpkKW
- EpkxageqVg 49-1 / 2 = 48 / 2 = 24
- EpkxagsaM ykcMnYnEdlelIsrWxVHelIkCakaerKW
100
10
1 = 1 edayvaman Base
=
2
2
eK)an 1 = 01
2
492 =
( 49 1)
2
/ 12 = 24 / 01 = 2401
EpkxageqVg
EpkxagsaM
49 = 2401
dUecH
xageRkamCakarbkRsayCaPasaGg;eKs
102
Base
2
-6-
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
182 = 000324
39999822 = ( 3999982 18 ) 4 / 182 = 15999856 / 000324
= 15999856000324
( Base 4000000
= 106 4
3999982 = 15999856000324
dUecH
]TahrN_ 3 KNna 398
karbkRsay 398 CacMnYnEdlenAEk,r 400 = 4 10
Edl 400CaBhuKuNn 4 .
2 CacMnYnxVH ( - ) eTAelI 398 esI 4 10
eK)anlTpl
- EpkxageqVg (398-2) 4 (CaBhuKuNn 4 ) = 396 4
2
= 1584
-7-
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
= 04
( Base 400
= 102 4
398 = 158404
dUecH
kgkarKNnaviFIsaRsenH eyIgseRmccit eRCIserIs
ykplKuN rW plEckvaGaRsyeTAelIlkNHncMnYnenaH
etIvaenACitBhuKuNncMnYnNamYynwg 100, 1000, 10000 ,.
rW enACitplEckNamYyNan 100 , 1000, 10000 ,... nwg 2.
kareRCIserIsykplKuN rWplEcksMxan;bMputKWkar
kMnt; Base ( eKal ) [)anRtwmRtUv eTIblTplenAxageqVg
minman PaBsKsaj . xageRkamenH Ca]TahrN mYy
cMnYnEdl RtUv)anedaHRsayEtmYybnat;Etbu:eNaH .
2
-8-
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
rW
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ KNnakaerncMnYnxageRkam
B1-
a- 68
e- 699
i- 20032
b- 208
f- 789
j- 8023
c- 315
g- 7987
k- 6012
d- 298
h- 6987
l- 89997
-9-
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
D ( 25345 ) = 32 + 2 ( 2 5 + 5 4 ) = 69
lkNTI 2 cMnYnxg;nelxTaMgenaHCacMnYnKUKWeyIgRKan;
Et yk 2 dgnplKuN elxEdl enAsgxagKabUk Kabn
bnab;rhUtdl;Gs; .
Gwug sMNag nig lwm pln
- 10 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
cMNaM
kaern n xg; lTplvamancMnYnxg;RtUvesI 2n rW 2n-1
kgviFIsaRs D eyIgRtUvKit eTAelIkarbEnm xg;ncMnYn
enaHedIm,I[esI 2n rW 2n-1 edayeRbIelxsUn rW cMnucmUl
kg karsMKal; . kareRbIviFIsaRs enHkgkar KNna kaer
nmYycMnYn eyIgRtUvsresredjBIxagsaMeTAvijgay RsYl
kgkarRtaTuk .
]TahrN_ 1 KNna 223 edayeRbIviFIsaRs D
eRbIviFIsaRs D cMnYnxg;n 223 man 3 xg;enaH lTplrbs;
vaR)akdCaman 6 xg; rW 5 xg;enaHRtUvbEnm elxsUncMnYnBIr
enABImuxcMnYnenaH .
eKsresr 223 = 00223 ( tamviFIsaRs D )
eK)an D ( 3 ) = 3 = 9
2
D ( 23 ) = 2 2 3 = 12
D ( 223 ) = 22 + 2 2 3 = 16
- 11 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
D ( 0223 ) = 2 ( 0 3 + 2 2 ) = 8
D ( 00223 ) = 22 + 2 ( 0 3 + 0 2 ) = 4
eK)ancemIyKW
2232 = 48 16 12 9 =49729 (
dUecH
RtaTukBIsaMeTAeqVg)
2232 = 49729
D ( 3 ) = 32 = 9
D ( 23 ) = 2 2 3 = 12
D ( 723 ) = 22 + 2 7 3 = 46
D ( 0723 ) = 2 ( 0 3 + 7 2 ) = 28
D ( 00723 ) = 72 + 2 ( 0 3 + 0 2 ) = 49
eK)ancemIyKW
7232 = 49 28 46 12 9 = 522729
dUecH
7232 = 522729
- 12 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
D ( 92 ) = 292 = 36
D ( 792 ) = 92 + 27 2 = 81 + 28 = 109
D ( 4792 ) = 2 ( 79 + 24 ) = 142
D ( 84792 ) = 72 + 2 ( 82 + 49 ) = 153
D ( 084792 ) = 2 ( 02 + 89 + 47 ) = 200
D ( 0084792 ) = 42 + 2 ( 02 + 09 + 87 ) = 128
D ( 00084792 ) = 2( 02 + 09 +07 +84) = 64
D ( 000084792 ) = 82+2 (02+09+07+04) = 64
eK)ancemIyKW
847922 = 64 64 128 200 153 142 109 36 4
(
RtaTukBIsaMeTAeqVg )
= 7189683264
dUecH
847922 = 7189683264
- 13 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
- 14 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ KNnakaerncMnYnxageRkam
C1-
a- 73
b- 288
c- 7141
d- 8617
e- 206
f- 653
g- 6507
h- 5538
i- 335
j- 779
k- 21313
l- 81347
cMeBaHelxEdlbBab;edayelx 5 eTaHbICaBIrxg;bIxg;
enAeBlelIkCakaerEtgEtbBab;edayelx 25 Canic .
eKGnuvtn_dUcxageRkam
]TahrN_ 1 KNna 65
- BinitRKb;xg;EdlenABImuxelx 5 KWmanelx 6
- ykelxEdlenABImuxelx 5 bEnm 1 Canic (6+1 =7)
rYcKuNnwgelxEdlenABImuxelx 5 enaH. (67=42)
- lTplRtUv)aneKsresr 65 = 4225
dUecH
65 = 4225
2
- 15 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
- BinitRKb;xg;EdlenABImuxelx 5 KWmanelx 72
-ykelxEdlenABImuxelx 5bEnm 1Canic(72+1=73)
rYcKuNnwgelxEdlenABImuxelx 5 enaH. (7273=5256)
- lTplRtUv)aneKsresr 725 = 525625
dUecH
725 = 525625
2
]TahrN_ 3 KNna
4552
- manelxenABImux 5 xagcugbEnm 1 KW 45 + 1 = 46
- eFVIplKuNrvag 45 x 46 = 2070
4552 = 207025
dUecH
b-
4552 = 207025
cMnYnEdlcab;epImedayelx 5
( For number starting with 5 )
karKNnakaerEdlcab;epImedayelx 5mansarsMxan;
Nas;KW manlkN gayRsYl mincaM)ac;eRbIma:sIunKitelx
rhsTan;citehIyviFIsaRsenHRtUv)anGnuvtn_dUcxageRkam
Gwug sMNag nig lwm pln
- 16 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
]TahrN_ 1 KNna 59
- cMeBaHkaernBIrxg;Edlcab;epImedayelx 5
lTplRtUv)anEbgEckCaBIrEpkKW EpkxagmuxBIrxg;
nig EpkxageRkayBIrxg; .
EpkxagmuxBIrxg;)anmkBI 25 + xg;bnab;BIelx 5
KW 9 ( 25 + 9 = 34 )
EpkxageRkayBIrxg;)anmkBIkaernxg;cugeRkay
9 = 81 (kaernxg;cugeRkay)
lTplRtUv)aneKsresr 59 = 3481
59 =3481
dUecH
2
]TahrN_ 2 KNna 53
EpkxagmuxBIrxg;)anmkBI 25 + xg;bnab;BIelx 5
KW 3 ( 25 + 3 = 28 )
EpkxageRkayBIrxg;)anmkBIkaernxg;cugeRkay
3 = 9 edIm,I[)anEpkxageRkayBIrxg;eKsresr
2
32 = 09
lTplRtUv)aneKsresr 53 = 2809
53 = 2809
dUecH
2
- 17 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
- cMeBaHkaernbIxg;Edlcab;epImedayelx 5
lTplRtUv)anEbgEckCaBIrEpkKW EpkxagmuxbIxg;
nig EpkxageRkaybIxg; .
]TahrN_ 1 KNna 512
EpkxagmuxbIxg;)anmkBI 250 + xg;bnab;BIelx 5
KW 12 ( 250 + 12 = 262 )
EpkxageRkaybIxg;)anmkBIkaernBIrxg;bnab;
BIelx 5 KW 12 = 144
lTplRtUv)aneKsresr 512 = 262144
512 = 262144
dUecH
]TahrN 2 KNna 509
EpkxagmuxbIxg;)anmkBI 250+ xg;bnab;BIelx 5
KW 09 ( 250 + 09 = 259 )
EpkxageRkaybIxg;)anmkBIkaernBIrxg;bnab;BI5
9 = 81 edIm,I[)anEpkxageRkaybIxg;
eKsresr 9 = 081
lTplRtUv)aneKsresr 509 = 259081
509 = 259081
dUecH
2
- 18 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
- cMeBaHkaernbYnxg;Edlcab;epImedayelx 5
lTplRtUv)anEbgEckCaBIrEpkKW EpkxagmuxbYnxg;
nig EpkxageRkaybYnxg; .
]TahrN_ 1 KNna 5111
EpkxagmuxbYnxg;KW 2500 + 111 = 2611
EpkxageRkaybYnxg;KW 111 = 12321
eday 12321 manR)aMxg; edIm,I[vaenAsl;;bYnxg;
eKdkelxBIxagmuxeKmux 1 xg; KW 2321
ykelxEdldk 1 xg;eTAbEnm[Epk[Epk
xagmux eK)an 2611 + 1 = 2612
lTplRtUv)aneKsresr 5111 = 26122321
5111 = 26122321
dUecaH
]TahrN_ 2 KNna 5013
EpkxagmuxbYnxg;KW 2500 + 13 =2513
EpkxageRkaybYnxg;KW 13 = 0169
2
50132 = 25130169
dUecH
50132 = 25130169
- 19 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
cMnYnEdlmanelxxagcug 1
karKNnakaerEdlbBab;edayelx1tamTmab;PaKeRcIn
minRtUv)aneKcab;GarmN_b:unaneT b:uEnsmybcb,nenHRtUv
)an eKykmksikSatamEbblkNgay . xageRkamenH
KWCa ]TahrN_nkaerEdlbBab;edayelx 1 .
- 20 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
]TahrN_ 1 KNna 31
- dMbUgeFVIpldk 1 BI 31 edIm,I[manelxxagcug 0
gayRsYlelIkCakaer eK)an 30 = 900
- yk 30 + 31 = 61 rYcbUkCamYy 900 ( 30 )
31 = 900 + 61 = 961 dUecH
31 = 961
]TahrN_ 2 KNna 71
- yk 71 - 1= 70 70 = 4900
- yk 70 + 71 = 141
2
dUecH
]TahrN_ 3 KNna 121
- yk 121 - 1= 120 120 = 14400
- yk 120 + 121 = 241
2
- 21 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
d-
kaernmYycMnYn
cMnYnEdlmanelxxagcug 9
BinitrUbmn
eK)an
( a - b )2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
( a - b )2 = a2 - ab - ab +b2
( a - b )2 = a2 [ ab + ( ab - b2 )]
eday b = 1
( a - 1 )2 = a2 [ a + ( a -1 )]
]TahrN_ 1 KNna 29
- dMbUgeyIgeFVIplbUk 1 eTA 29 edIm,I[manelxxag
cug 0 gay RsYlelIkCakaer eK)an 30 = 900
- yk 30 + 29 = 59 rYceFVIpldk 30 = 900 nwg 59
2
dUecH
292 = 841
dUecH
1192 = 14161
- 22 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kaernmYycMnYn
lMhat;Gnuvtn_KNnakaerBiessncMnYnxageRkam
D1-
a- 54
e- 139
i- 591
b- 115
f- 121
j- 149
c- 520
g- 50021
k- 309
d- 79
h- 175
l- 1109
- 23 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
CMBUk 2
bskaernmYycMnYn
bskaer nmYycMnYn
( Quick Square Roots )
karKNnabskaernmYycMnYnRtUv)aneKEbgEckCa
BIrEpkKW bskaerminR)akd nig bskaerR)akd .
]TahrN 121 = 11 = 11 (bskaerR)akd)
7 2.645 2.645 (bskaerminR)akd)
bskaerR)akd CabskaerTaMgLayNaEdlman
lTpl vaCacMnYnKt; .
bskaerminR)akdCa bskaerTaMgLayNaEdl
lTplvacMnYnTsPaK .
2
karKNnabskaerKWmank,nCak;lak;EdlRtUv)an
GnuvtdUcxageRkam
-cMnYnxg;nlTpl bskaeresInwgcMnYnxg;n
r:aDIkg;Ecknwg 2mannyfarwskaerman n xg;enaH
lTplman n2 ( nKU ) rW (n+1)2( ness )xg; .
-kaerR)akdminmanelxxagcug 2 ;3 ;7rW 8eLIy .
Gwug sMNag nig lwm pln
- 24 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
- 1 ;5 ;6 ; 0Caelxxg;cugeRkayncMnYn TaMgenaH
elIkCakaer .
( e.g 112 = 121 ; 252 = 625 ; 362 = 1296 ; 102 = 100 )
- kaerncMnYnEdlmanelxxagcug 1 nig 9 ; 2
nig 8 ; 3 nig 7 ; 4 nig 6 lTplvamanelxcug
eRkaydUcKa .
( e.g 11 = 121 nig 29 = 841 ; 12 =144 nig 18 = 324 ; )
cMnYnminEmnCakaerR)akd RbsinebI
2
- vamanelxxagcug 2 ; 3 ; 7 rW 8
( e.g 192 ; 563 ; 738 ; )
- vamanelx 0CacMnYnessenAxagcug
( e.g 5000 ; 25000 ; 150 ; 3600000)
- xg;cugeRkayrbs;vaKWelx 6 ehIybnab;BIxg;
cugeRkayCacMnYnKU
( e.g 2746 ; 8126 ; 25046 ; )
- xg;cugeRkayrbs;vaminEmnCaelx 6 ehIy
bnab; BIxg;eRkayCacMnYness .
( e.g 1032 ; 1037 ; 2459 ; 9038 ; ....)
- vamanelxBIrxg;cugeRkayCacMnYnmin Eckdac;
nwg 4 . ( e.g 174 ; 154 ; 252 ; ....)
Gwug sMNag nig lwm pln
- 25 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
- elxxagcugCaelx 5 nigxg;bnab;
minEmnCaelx 2 . ( e.g 1215 , 2435 , 21545 )
Rbtibti etIcMnYnNamYyxageRkamenHCakaerR)akd
nigminEmnCakaerR)akd ?
1764 ; 4096 ; 13492 ; 5793 ; 1369 ; 15000
104586 ; 9146 ; 9750834 ; 253166 ; 3135
A-
- 26 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
dUecH
872 = 7569
7569 = 87
692 = 4761
dUecH
4761 = 69
- 27 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
a- 2809
b- 2116
cemIy
a- 53
c- 8464
d- 7569
b- 46
c- 92
d- 87
karKNnabskaerEdlcab;BI 4 xg;edayeRbI
viFIsaRs D rW viFIsaRsKuNqg
rMlwk viFIsaRs Duplex ( Cross Multiplication )
- cMnYnxg;KU eFVIplKuNxg;dMbUgnig xg;cugeRkay/
xg;TI 2 nigxg;TI 2 bnab;BIxg;cugeRkay / xg;TI 3 nigxg;TI 3
- 28 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
edIm,IKNnabskaerR)akdenAkgviFIsaRsenHeyIgRtUv
EjkCaBIr xg;ncMnYnEdleK[BIeqVgeTAsaMenAkgbskaer
rhUtdl;Gs; .
]TahrN_ 4 KNna 23409 (manR)aMxg;naM[
lTpl nbskaerman 3xg;bnab;BIEjkRkumnxg;)
23409 KW 2 : 34 : 09 man 3xg;cMeBaHlTplnbskaer
- BinitemIlRkumnxg;dMbUgeKKW 2
etIbu:nankaerEdl xit Cit 2 ?
eKman 1 xitCit 2/ dUecH 1Caxg;dMbUgnlTpl .
2
- 29 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
- yk 34 D( 5 ) = 34 5 = 9 eFVIplEck 9 nig 2
edIm,IrkplEck 3 bnab;BI 5 [sMNl; 3.
(sMNl; 3 CatYEckeTAelIxg;bnab;nbskaer KW 30)
2
- 30 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
edIm,I[kan;Etc,as; sUmBinitemIlkarbkRsayxageRkam
2
2
23409
9 D(3)
CatYTI1 yk 132 = 5 yk
yk
9-9 = 0
34
D(5)
30
D(53)
eRBaH1 2 sMNl; 3 34 -25 = 9 30-30 = 0 rYc 02=0
12 = 2
rYc 92= 3 rYc 02= 0 sMNl; 0
CatYEck
sMNl; 3 sMNl; 0
eFVIplsg
1
2 - 12 = 1
- 31 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
- 32 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
karbkRsaylMGit
2
8
20457529
0
4
: 0
D(5) 47 D(52)
CatYTI1
yk 448=5 45
45 -25 =20 47-20 =27
eRBaH 4 16 sMNl; 4 rYc 208= 2 rYc 278= 3
42 = 8
sMNl; 4 sMNl; 3
CatYEck
4
eFVIplsg
2
20 - 4 = 4
35 D(523)
35-34 = 1
12 D(23)
12-12 = 0
09 D(3)
9-9=0
20457529 = 4523
sMKal; edIm,I[kan;Etc,as;cMeBaHkareRbIviFIsaRs D
KWcab;epImBI DEtmYyKW D(5) ; DBIrxg;KW D(52) ; DbIxg; KW
D(523) nig bnbnab;rhUtdl;Gs;rYccuHtamlMdab;BI
x<s;
eTA TabvijKW D(23) ; D(3).
xageRkamenHCakarbgajnUv]TahrNmYycMnYnBIkar
KNnabskaernmYycMnYnminmankarbkRsaylMGit edIm,I[
Gs;elakGkhVwkhaVt;edayxng rYcykmkeRbobeFob
CamYylTplxageRkam
- 33 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
]TahrN_ 6 KNna
3364 ;
743044 ; 5588496 ;
3
301401 ;
67683529 ;
51065316
11
71824 ;
10
5
38472148
301401 = 549
7
10
4
71824
71824 = 268
3
10
5
3364
3364 = 58
7
10
16
743044
743044 = 862
- 34 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
5
bskaernmYycMnYn
: 0
4
2
5588496
5588496 = 2364
6
12
16
8
67683529
: 0
67683529 = 8227
3 :
14
7
51065316
: 0
51065316 = 7146
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ KNnabskaerncMnYnxageRkam
A2-
a- 4624
e- 43264
i- 99225
b- 88804
f- 488601
j- 622521
c- 63792169
g- 48818169
k- 4129024
d- 64368529
h- 36144144
l- 80946009
- 35 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
B-
bskaernmYycMnYn
bskaerminR)akd rW bskaerRbEhl
( Estimating square roots )
bskaerminR)akdCabskaerTaMgLayNa EdllTpl
rbs;vaCacMnYnTsPaKkgkarKNnabskaerEbbenH eKGac
eRbI Casio eyIgGacKNnaedaydk)anEdrRKan; Etyk bc
nig Rkdas ehIyRtUvGnuvtn_dUcxageRkam
]TahrN 1 KNna 70
- dMbUgRtUvrkcMnYnEdlelIkCakaerxitCit 70
(e.g: 82 = 64
70 )
)annyfacemIyCacMnYnTsPaK 1xg;KW 8. .
- ykcMnYnenAkgrwskaerEcknwg cMnYnRtUvelIkCakaerKW
708 = 8.75
- 36 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
( 8.358
+ 8.375 )
= 8.366
2
70 = 8.366
CalTplcugeRkayehIysuRkit .
dUecH
70 = 8.366 8.37
]TahrN_ 2 KNna 29
- cMnYnEdlelIkCakaerxitCit 29 KW 5 = 25 29
- yk 295 = 5.8 rYc (5.8 2 5) = 0.4
29 = 5 + 0.4 = 5.4 ; eRbI Casio: 29 = 5.385 5.4
dUecH
29 = 5.385 5.4
]TahrN_ 3 KNna 3125
edaycMnYnenAkgbskaerman 4 xg;
lTplnbskaerman 2 xg;
- cMnYnEdlelIkCakaerxitCit 3125 KW 50 = 2500 3125
bBaak; eyIgGacyk 5 = 25 31
( 62.5 50 ) = 6.25
= 62.5
- yk 3125
rY
c
50
2
3125 = 50 + 6 = 56 ; eRbI Casio: 3125 = 55.9 56
dUecH
3125 = 55.9 56
2
- 37 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
500
edIm,I[lTplbskaerkan;EtsuRkiwtenaH eKGacyk
500
= 22.22
22.5
500 =
( 22.5
+ 22.22 ) 2 = 22.36
plbUkmFmncemIyTaMgBIr
dUecH 500 = 22.36 ; eRbI Casio: 500 = 22.36
]TahrN_ 5 KNna 93560
-cMnYnEdlelIkCakaerxitCit 93560 KW 300 = 90000 93560
( 311.86 300 ) = 5.9
= 311.86 rYc
- yk 93560
300
2
2
eRbI Casio:
dUecH
38472148
- 38 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bskaernmYycMnYn
= 6412.02
- yk 38472148
6000
rYc ( 6412.022 6000) =
412.02
= 206.12
2
38472148 6000 + 206.012 6206.012
38472148
= 6199.17
6206.012
38472148 6206.012 + 6199.17 6202.59
edIm,II[suRkwtKW
dUecH
eRbI Casio:
38472148 6202.59
38472148 = 6202.59
lMhat;Gnuvtn_
KNnabskaerRbEhlncMnYnxageRkam
B2-
a- 1723
f- 950
b- 2600
g- 2916
c- 80
h- 1225
d- 42
i- 2568
e- 5132
j- 2310
- 39 -
Quick Cube
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
CMBUk 3
KUbnmYycMnYn
KUbnmYycMnYn
( Quick Cube )
ebIeyIgGegtya:gRbugRbyteTAelIKUbnmYycMnYnEdl
man 2xg; tamvKnImYy eyIg)anCMhandUcteTA
CMhanTI 1
( a+b)3
a3
( a+b)3
a3
tY a b = a ( b/a)
tY ab = a b ( b/a)
tY b = ab ( b/a )
2
TI 3
TI 4
a2b
2a2b
ab2
2ab2
b3
3a2b +
3ab2 +
b3
TI 2
manpleFobFrNImaRt b/a
- 40 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
CMhanTI
KUbnmYycMnYn
ykxg;TImYyelIkCaKUb KW a
2 - yk kaerxg;TImYyKuNnwgxg;cugeRkay KW a b
3 - yk xg;TImYyKuNnwgkaerxg;cugeRkay KW ab
4 - ykxg;cugeRkayelIkCaKUbKW b
3
1-
CMhanTI 1
123
13=1
eRkamCMhanTI1
nigTI 2 KuNnwg 2
carry over 1 :
123 =
dUecH
TI 2
TI 3
TI 4
22 = 4 24 = 8
1
12
1 6 12 8 = 1728
123 =1728
- 41 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
KUbnmYycMnYn
]TahrN_ 2 KNna
CMhanTI 1 TI 2
523
TI 3
TI 4
eRkamCMhanTI1
nigTI 2 KuNnwg 2
523
523
125
150
60
dUecH
523 =140608
]TahrN_ 3 KNna
343
double 2
nd
343
:
343 =
dUecH
CMhanTI 1
TI 2
33=27
324 =36
and 3rd
343
TI 3
TI 4
236=72 482 = 96
27
108
144
64
- 42 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
KUbnmYycMnYn
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ KNnaKUbncMnYnxageRkam
A3-
a- 14
e- 76
i- 67
b- 23
f- 38
j- 47
c- 35
g- 65
k- 43
d- 37
h- 57
l- 81
- 43 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
KUbnmYycMnYn
- 44 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
KUbnmYycMnYn
1033 =
dUecH
109 / 27 / 27 = 1092727
1033 =1092727
1023 =
dUecH
106 / 12 / 08 = 1061208
1023 = 1061208
- 45 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
KUbnmYycMnYn
Double 2 ; i.e : 4
102+4 = 106
Multiply 6 with 2
and put down as
2nd portion
Cube the
Place as 3rd portion
original Surplus 08 since base 100
2
has 2 zeroes
Answers
6 is the new
Surplus
106 / 12
106 / 12 / 08
1061208
(-9)(-3) = 027
9973 =
dUecH
- 46 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
KUbnmYycMnYn
Double -3 ; i.e : -6
997-6 = 991
9 is the new
deficient
Multiply -9 with -3
and put down as 2nd
portion
991 / 027
(Base 103)
Cube the
original
deficient 3
Answers
(-36)(-12) = 0432
- EpkcugeRkay ykcMnYnxVHdMbUgelIkCaKUb
(-12)3= - (12+4 / 12 / 8 ) = -1728
99883 = 9964 / 0432 / -1728
= 9964 / 0431 / 104-1728
= 996404318272
dUecH
99883 = 996404318272
- 47 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
KUbnmYycMnYn
xageRkamenHCa]TahrN_bEnmeTotkgkaredaHRsay
KUbncMnYnEdlenAEk,r 10 [kan;EtmanPaBsat;CMnaj
n
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ KNnaKUbncMnYnxageRkam
B3-
a- 98
e- 1004
i- 10011
b- 105
f- 1012
j- 9972
c- 113
g- 9989
k- 10021
d- 995
h- 10007
l- 998
- 48 -
Cube Roots
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
CMBUk 4
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
bsKUb nmYycMnYn
( Cube Roots )
-bsKUbncMnYnEdlmanelxminelIsBI 6 xg;
kgkarrkbsKUbnmYycMnYnEdlman 6 xg;dMbUg
eyIgRtUvEbgEckcMnYnenaHCaBIrEpkKWEpkxageqVgnig xagsaM
Edl mYyEpk RtUvman 3xg;ehIy lTplrbs;vaRtUvEtman
2xg; .
]TahrN_ 1 KNnabsKUbn 262144
bkRsay 262144 man 6 xg;EbgEckCaBIrEpkxageqVg 262
nigxagsaM 144 . lTplrbs;vamanBIrxg; .
- xg;TI 1 dMbUg BinitEpkxageqVg 262
etIvaenAcenaH nKUbmYyNakgtarag KUb ?
63 = 216 < 262 < 73 = 343
- 49 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
cMnYn
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
27
64
KUb
n3
manelxxagcug 4 RtUvnwg 4 = 64
lTplrbs;va c,as;Camanelxxagcug 4 ( 4
dUecH xg;TI 2KWmanelx 4 .
3
144
3 262144 = 64
262144 = 64
dUecH
cMNaM ( Note )
- KUbncMnYn 1 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6ehIy 9vamanelxxagcugdUcKa
nwgcMnYnenaH 1 = 1 ; 4 = 64 ; 5 = 125 ; 9 = 729 ;6 = 216
- KUbncMnYn 3 ; 7 nig 2 ; 8 manelxxagcugCa cMnYn
bRBaas;va 3 = 27 ; 7 = 343 nig 2 = 8 ; 8 = 512
3
- 50 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
- 51 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
lMhat;Gnuvtn_KNnabsKUbncMnYnxageRkam
A4-
a- 389017
e- 551368
i- 287496
b- 300763
f- 912673
j- 804357
c- 117649
g- 24389
k- 59319
d- 592704
h- 205379
l- 13824
karedaHRsayKUbnmYycMnYnmanlkNkMNt;
-RtUvkat;xg;ncMnYnenaHCaEpk[)anRtwmRtUv mYyEpkman
3 xg; eRBaHkarkat;xg;CaEpkgayRsYlkgkarkMNt; cemIy
n bsKUbenaH etIlTplrbs;vaRtUvmanb:unanxg;?
Gwug sMNag nig lwm pln
- 52 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
-Binitxg;Edl)ankat;rYcenAedImdMbUgeK etIEpkdMbUgenaH
vaenAcenaHNakgtaragKUbenH CakarrkeXIjenAxg;TI1n
lTpl bsKUb .
-BinitelxEdlenAxageRkayeK etIvamanelxxagcug
b:unan ehIyelxxagcugenaH RtUvCab:unanKUb edIm,I[elx
xagcugnKUbkgtaragesInwgelxxagcugenaH. enHCakar
rk eXIjxg;cugeRkaynlTplbsKUb .
ebIlTplman xg;RtUvGnuvtxagelICakareRsc.
ebIlTplman 3xg; ( cba ) caM)ac; RtUvGnuvt
bEnmeTotedIm,IrktYkNal rWxg;enAkNal (b)
xg;dMbUgeK (b) nig xg;xageRkay (a)
RtUvGnuvtdUcxagelI .
xg;enAkNal (b)KW)anmkBIkardkrvag
cMnYnEdleK[nwgKUbnxg;cugeRkayrbs;
bsKUb (a ) . rYcRtUvBinitxg;cugeRkay
etIvamanelxb:unan ehIyeRbI 3ab
edIm,IrktY (b) rWxg;kNal (b).
3
- 53 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
=1
- 54 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
b = 2 (3122=6)
3
74618461 = 421
dUecH
74618461 = 421
74618461
13
74618460
421
- 55 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
178453547
33 = 27
17845320
- 56 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
563
b = 2 (482 = 96)
3 143877824 = 524
dUecH
143877824 = 524
- 57 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
b = 2 ( 482 = 96 )
524
b = 7 ( 1477 = 1029 )
877
- 58 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
b = 7 ( 277 = 189 )
973
mannyfalTplKW 500
xg;TI 1 d manelx 5 .
-xg;TI 4 a BinitelxcugeRkayn 180170657792
man 2CaelxcugeRkayRtUvnwgtaragKUb 8 = 512
xg;TI 4 ( a )manelx 8
-xg;TI 3 b eFVIpldkrvag 180170657792 nig 512 ( 8 )
s
- 59 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
minyk 0
-BinitelxcugeRkayn 18017065728man elx 8Caelx
cugeRkayeRbI 3a b = 38 b=192b edaymanelxcug
eRkay 8 b = 4 (1924 = 768)
-xg;TI 2 c eFVIpldkrvag 18017065728 - 768 ( 8 )
=1801706496 minyk 0 man 6 CaelxcugeRkay
eRbI 3a c + 3ab = 38 c + 384 =192c + 384
180170657792 512 =180170657280
216
8 = 512
xg;TI 4 (a) KW 8 , (8 = 512)
xg;TI 3 (b): 3a b = 38 b = 192b
1801706578
manelxxagcug 8 enAbnab; BIxg;cugeRkay minyk 0
minyk 0 naM[ b = 4 ( 1924 = 768 )
768
eFVIpldk 18017065728 - 768
3
- 60 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
eRbI 3a c + 3ab
2
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
= 382c + 3842
manelxxagcug 6 enAbnab;
BIxg;cugeRkay minyk 0 naM[ c = 6
= 192c + 384
1801704960
- 61 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
=147c + 756
edayvamanelxxagcug 1 c = 5
(1475 + 756 = 1491)
3
4538468526 3 = 3567
- 62 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
bsKUbnmYycMnYn
c=5
lMhat;Gnuvtn_KNnabsKUbncMnYnxageRkam
B4-
a- 941192
d- 40353607
g- 180362125
b- 474552
e- 91733851
h- 480048687
c- 14348907
f- 961504803
i- 1879080904
- 63 -
Finding the last digit
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
CMBUk 5
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
karkMNt;elxcugRkay
( Finding the last digit )
cMnYn 0 ;1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ; 9 manlkNBiesscMeBaH
sVyKuNrbs;BYkeK. edayeRbIlkNTaMgGs;enHeyIgGac
kMNt;ya:gc,as;GMBIelxcugeRkayenAkgRbmaNviFIKuN rW
sVyKuNCaeRcIn .
A- rebobrkelxcugeRkayncMnYnTRmg; a ,
1 a 9
sVyKuNeKal 2
]TahrN_ 1 rkelxcugeRkayn 2
b
2012
Binit 2
22
23
24
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 2
= 4 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 4
= 8 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 8
= 16 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 6
=2
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 2
= 64 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 4
= 128 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 8
= 256 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 6
25 = 32
26
27
28
- 64 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
segteXIjfavamanxYb 4 :
) eKTaj)anlkNdUcteTA
2
manelxxagcugKW 2
2
manelxxagcugKW 4
2
manelxxagcugKW 8
rW 2 manelxxagcugKW 6
2
4n+1
4n+2
4n+3
4n+4
4n
manelxxagcugKW 6
2
manelxxagcugKW 6
22012 = 24503
dUecH
2012
sVyKuNeKal 3
]TahrN_ 2 rkelxcugeRkayn 3
200012
Binit 3
=3
32 = 9
33 = 27
34 = 81
35 = 243
36 = 729
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 3
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 9
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 7
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 1
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 3
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 9
- 65 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 7
3 = 6561 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 1
segteXIjfavamanxYb 4 :
37 = 2187
8
) eKTaj)anlkNdUcteTA
3
manelxxagcugKW 3
manelxxagcugKW 9
3
3
manelxxagcugKW 7
3 rW 3 manelxxagcugKW 1
4n+1
4n+2
4n+3
4n+4
4n
manelxxagcugKW 3
manelxxagcugKW 3
3200013 = 3450003 + 1
dUecH
3200013
sVyKuNeKal 7
]TahrN_ 3 rkelxcugeRkayn 7
Binit 7 = 7 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 7
7 = 49
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 9
7 = 343 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 3
7 = 2401 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 1
19889
2
3
4
- 66 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 7
7 = 117649manelxcugeRkayKW elx 9
7 = 823543manelxcugeRkayKW elx 3
7 = 5764801manelxcugeRkayKW elx 1
segteXIjfavamanxYb 4 :
75 = 16807
6
7
8
) eKTaj)anlkNdUcteTA
7
manelxxagcugKW 7
7
manelxxagcugKW 9
manelxxagcugKW 3
7
manelxxagcugKW 1
7 rW 7
4n+1
4n+2
4n+3
4n+4
719889 = 744972 + 1
dUecH
3200013
4n
manelxxagcugKW 7
manelxxagcugKW 7
sVyKuNeKal 8
]TahrN_ 4 rkelxcugeRkayn 8
88887
Binit 8
=8
82 = 64
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 8
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 4
- 67 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
83 = 512
84 = 4096
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 2
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 6
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 8
= 262144manelxcugeRkayKW elx 4
= 2097152manelxcugeRkayKW elx 2
= 16777216manelxcugeRkayKW elx 6
85 = 32768
86
87
88
segteXIjfavamanxYb 4 :
) eKTaj)anlkNdUcteTA
8
manelxxagcugKW 8
8
manelxxagcugKW 4
manelxxagcugKW 2
8
8 rW 8
manelxxagcugKW 6
4n+1
4n+2
4n+3
4n+4
888887 = 8422221 + 3
dUecH
888887
4n
manelxxagcugKW 2
manelxxagcugKW 2
- 68 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
sVyKuNeKal 4
]TahrN_ 5 rkelxcugeRkayn 4
Binit 4 = 4 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 4
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 6
4 = 16
2112
43 = 64
44 = 256
45 = 1024
46 = 4096
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 4
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 6
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 4
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 6
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 4
= 65536 manelxcugeRkayKW elx 6
47 = 16384
48
) eKTaj)anlkNdUcteTA
4
manelxxagcugKW 4
4 manelxxagcugKW 6
2n + 1
2n
42112 = 421056
dUecH
manelxxagcugKW 6
manelxxagcugKW 6
42112
- 69 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
sVyKuNeKal 9
]TahrN_ 6 rkelxcugeRkayn 9
2497
Binit 9
=9
92 = 81
93 = 729
94 = 6561
95 = 59049
96 = 531441
97 = 4782969
98 = 43046721
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 9
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 1
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 9
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 1
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 9
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 1
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 9
manelxcugeRkayKW elx 1
) eKTaj)anlkNdUcteTA
9 manelxxagcugKW 9
9
manelxxagcugKW 1
2n+1
2n
manelxxagcugKW 9
manelxxagcugKW 9
92497 = 921248 +1
dUecH
92497
- 70 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
cMNaM
sVyKuNeKal 5
5 manelxxagcugKW 5 , n
]> 5 manelxxagcugKW 5
sVyKuNeKal 6
2009
manelxxagcugKW 6 , n
]> 6 manelxxagcugKW 6
6n
7777
A5-
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ rkelxcugeRkaybgs;n
a- 82222
b- 555551
c- 4123456
d- 9200672
e- 6231086
f- 798765
g- 220647
h- 313579
rebobrkelxcugeRkayncMnYnTRmg; N
edIm,IrkelxcugeRkayncMnYn A = a Edlman a > 0
eKGnuvtndUcxageRkam
- RtUvbMElgcMnYn a [manrag a = 10q + r ( r < 0 )
k
B-
A = ( 10q + r )b
segtrUbmneTVFajtun
( a + b )n = C0n an + C1n an-1b + C2n an-2b2 + ..+ Cnn bn
- 71 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
( a + b )n = aqn + bn
A = an = ( 10q + r )b = 10q.qn + rb
n
n
- 72 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
-
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
cMeBaHxg;raymanelx 2 ( N = 2 )
ebI k = 1 manelxxagcugn N KW 2
ebI k = 2 manelxxagcugn N KW 4
ebI k = 3 manelxxagcugn N KW 8
ebI k = 4 manelxxagcugn N KW 6
k
k
k
k
cMeBaHxg;raymanelx 3 ( N = 3 )
ebI k = 1 manelxxagcugn N KW 3
ebI k = 2 manelxxagcugn N KW 9
ebI k = 3 manelxxagcugn N KW 7
ebI k = 4 manelxxagcugn N KW 1
k
k
k
k
cMeBaHxg;raymanelx 7 ( N = 7 )
ebI k = 1 manelxxagcugn N KW 7
ebI k = 2 manelxxagcugn N KW 9
ebI k = 3 manelxxagcugn N KW 3
ebI k = 4 manelxxagcugn N KW 1
k
k
k
k
- 73 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
-
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
cMeBaHxg;raymanelx 8 ( N = 8 )
ebI k = 1 manelxxagcugn N KW 8
ebI k = 2 manelxxagcugn N KW 4
ebI k = 3 manelxxagcugn N KW 2
ebI k = 4 manelxxagcugn N KW 6
k
k
k
k
1986
1986
= 231080.qn + 61986
2310861986
manelxcugeRkaybgs;dUc 6
1986
- 74 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 6
231086
manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 6
dUecH 231086 manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 6
]TahrN_ 2 rkelxcugeRkaybgs;n 200672
tameTVFajtun 200672 = (200670+2)
61986
1986
1986
210
210
210
= 200670.qn + 2 210
200672210
manelxcugeRkaybgs;dUc 2
manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 4
manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 4
manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 4
210
2 210 = 2452+2
200672210
dUecH
200672210
]TahrN_ 3 rkelxcugeRkaybgs;n
A = 1234567890 + 999!
tameTVFajtun 12345
67890
= (12340+5) 67890
= 12340.qn + 5 67890
manelxcugeRkaybgs;dUc 5
5
manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 5
12345
manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 5
Et 999! = 1.2.3.4.5.999 mannyfavamanelxxagcug 0
dUecH A = 12345 + 999!manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 5
1234567890
67890
67890
67890
67890
- 75 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
sMKal;
B5-
karkMNt;elxcugeRkay
manelxxagcugeRkaybgs;esInwg 0
cMeBaHRKb; n 5
]> 2009! manelxxagcugeRkaybgs;KW 0
n!
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ rkelxcugeRkaybgs;n
a- 25760
b- 87! + 365
c- 20102011 + 20112012
d- 153266
e- 20172 + 4! + 72!
f- 92k+1 + 5 , k
- 76 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
CMBUk 6
PaBEckdac;
PaBEckdac;nmYycMnYnKt;
( Divisibility rules of Some intergers )
- 77 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
PaBEckdac;
ebIplbUkelxncMnYnenaHCacMnYn
EdlEckdac;nwg 9 .
- PaBEckdac;nwg 10 mYycMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 10Rbsin
ebIvamanelxxagcugKW elx 0 .
- PaBEckdac;nwg 11 mYYycMnYn b = a .a a a a
CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 11 RbsinebI
k
3 2 1 0
[(a0 + a2 + a4 + )-(a1 + a3 + a5 + )]
CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 11.
A- viFIEckGWKItkgsMNMu
:
ebIcMnYnviCman aEcknwgcMnYnviCman b ( a > b )[plEck q
nigsMNl; r enaH eK)anTMnak;TMng
a = bq + r
Edl 0 r b
a : CatMNag
b : CatYEck
r : CasMNl;
vi)ak ebI r = 0 enaH a = bq eKfacMnYn aEckdac;nwg b
RTwsIbT ebIcMnYnKt; aEckdac;nwgcMnYnKt; b enaH a
KWCaBhuKuNncMnYn b.
]> A = 22178 A CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 22
*
- 78 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
PaBEckdac;
n+1
3n+1
+ 6n+1
3n
+ 6.6n
Eckdac;nwg 9
tameTVFajtun
Eckdac;nwg 9
dUecH
D = 33n+1 + 6n+1
Eckdac;nwg 9
2n+1
= 10 ( 88 + 12 )n + 12n
= 10.88q + 10.12n + 12n
= 11.80q + 11.12n
E = 11 ( 80q + 12n )
dUecH
CacMnYnEckdac;nwg 11
Eckdac;nwg 11
E = 102n+1 +12n
- 79 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
PaBEckdac;
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ bgajfa
1-etI 180829 CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 11rW eT ?
2-etI 435627 CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 11rW eT ?
3-eKmanelx 4xg;KW 12a3 CacMnYn EdlEckdac;
nwg11. rktmelxn a.
Eckdac;nwg 7
4- A = 2 + 3
5- A = 9 + 2
Eckdac;nwg 11
A6-
n+2
2n+1
n+1
6n+1
rebobrksMNl;nviFIEck
eK[cMnYn A = a
a, b
cUrrksMNl; plEckrvag A nig c ( c ) , snt; a > c
rebobrk
- RtUvsresr a = cq + r Edl ( 0 < r < c )
- cMnYn A Gacsresr A = (cq + r)
B-
- RtUvbMElg
= (cq1 + rb)
(0 < < )
b = k +
A = cq1 + r k +
= cq1 + ( r ) .r
k
/ Edl
r = ( c + 1)
= cq1 + ( c + 1) .r
k
- 80 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
PaBEckdac;
= c ( q1 + q2 .r ) + r
q3
= cq3 + r
R = r
23
23
40
41
41
- 81 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
PaBEckdac;
ehIy
tam 7 )
39 4 1 ( tam 7 )
17 . 39 1 ( tam 7 )
39 4
3
dUecH
176393
Ecknwg 7 [sMNl; 1
- 82 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
PaBEckdac;
lMhat;Gnuvtn_
1- ebI a = 22492 nig b = 4446724 . rksMNl;n
ab enAeBlvaEcknwg 9.
2- rksMNl;n 23 Ecknwg 9 .
3- rksMNl;n 17 .39 Ecknwg 4 .
4- rksMNl;n 7 + 9 nig 13 + 7 Ecknwg 5 .
5- rksMNl;n 6. 7 + 3 . 5
+7
nig 17 + 14 Ecknwg 6 .
B6-
140
6
16
23
83
143
46
2n+1
2n+10
126
95
- 83 -
Game of Mathematics
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
CMBUk 7
kMsanKNitviTa
kMsan KNitviTa
( Game of Mathematics)
ehtuGVI ?????
Gwug sMNag nig lwm pln
973
379
594
+ 495
1089
ehtuGVI ?????
- 84 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
edIm,IbkRsayenAGafkM)aMgxagelIenH BinitenAkar
bkRsayxageRkamenH
yk abc Caelx 3xg;Edl ( a > b > c rW a < b < c )
eKsresr 100a + 10b + c ( abc )
bRBaas;xg;rbs;vaKW 100c + 10b + a ( cba )
eFVIpldkrvagcMnYn abc nig cba KW
100a + 10b + c (100c + 10b + a) = 100(a-c) + (c - a)
= 99 ( a-c )
- 85 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
EX : 1089 256 = 27
784
ebIeyIgcg;lak;elxNamYyenaH eyIgRKan;Et[eKdwg
elx eRkABIelxEdleyIglak;KW 2 ; 7 ; 7 ; 8 ; 4 enaHedIm,I
rkelxEdl)at;eKGnuvtndUcxageRkam
2 + 7 + 7 + 8 + 4 = 28
etI 28 xVHb:unaneTIbvaGacCaBhuKuNn 9 ?
dUecH elxEdllak;KWelx 8 = 1089 256 = 27
Gwug sMNag nig lwm pln
8 784
- 86 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
cMnaM krNIplbUkelxEdleyIgdwgCaBhuKuN n
ehIyenaHeyIgmin)ac;bEnmk)an (0)rWeyIgbEnmnwg
mannyfacemIyGacmanBIrKW 0 rW 9 .
EX:edaymin)ac;KNnacUrbMeBjelxkgRbGb;xagRkam
k- 1089 327 = 3 6103
x- 1089 207 = 13586
cemIy
k- 1089 327 = 3 6103
eday 3 + 6 + 1 + 0 + 3 = 13
> BhuKuNn 9 13 = 18 13 = 5
dUecH 1089 327 = 3 5 6103
x- 1089 207 = 13586
eday 1 + 3 + 5 + 8 + 6 = 23
> BhuKuNn 9 23 = 27 23 = 4
dUecH 1089 207 = 4 13586
Rbtibti cUrbMeBjelxEdl)at; kgRbGb;xageRkam
k- 2007 182 = 365 74
x- 1953 1752 = 3 21656
Gwug sMNag nig lwm pln
- 87 -
9
9
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
X-
B7-
- 88 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
]TahrN_ 1 eKmankaermYyedaymanRbGb;TaMgGs; 16
( 4-by 4 grid ) dak;elxkgRbGb;enaHBIelx 1 dl; 16
edIm,I[plbUkelxtamCYredk CYrQr nigGgt;RTUgesInwg 34
enHCakarbgaj]TahrN_KMrU .
Original Magic Squares
8 11 14 1
13 2
7 12
3 16 9
10 5
= 34
4 15
bnab;mkGs;elakGkGackMnt;plbUkelxEdlcg;)aneday
xngEdlmancMnYnelIsBI 34 dUcCa 42 ; 65 ; 73 ; 90 ;. .
]TahrN_ 2 eKmankaermYy edaymanRbGb;
TaMgGs; 16 ( 4-by- 4 grid ) dak;elxkgRbGb;enaH edIm,I[
plbUkelxtamCYredk CYrQr nigGgt;RTUgesInwg 42.
Original Magic Squares
Magic squares of 42
8 11 14 1
10 13 16 3
13 2
15 4
7 12
3 16 9
10 5
4 15
= 34
9 14
5 18 11 8
12 7
= 42
6 17
- 89 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
dMbUgeyIgRtUvykcMnYnEdleyIgkMnt;KW 42 34 = 8
- eFVIplEcknpldkrvagcMnYnTaMgBIrenaHnwg 4KW 84= 2
cMnYn 2 )annyfaCacMnYnEdlRtUvbEnmkgRbGb;nImYy
nkaer ( 4- by -4 grid ) enA]TahrN 1 .
]TahrN_ 3 bMeBjelxkgRbGb;xageRkam edIm,I[
plbUk elxtamCYredk CYrQr nigGgt;RTUgesInwg 90.
= 90
- ykcMnYn ( 90 34 ) 4 = 36 4 = 14 CacMnYnEdlRtUv
EfmenAkg Original Magic Squares .
Original Magic Squares
22 25 28 15
8 11 14 1
13 2
7 12
3 16 9
10 5
Magic squares of 90
= 34
4 15
(1)
27 16 21 26
17 30 23 20
= 90
24 19 18 29
(2)
bEnmplEck 14
- 90 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
- ykcMnYn ( 65 34 ) 4 = 7 ( sMNl; 3 )
cMnYn 7 nwgsMNl; CacMnYnRtUvbEnmenAkgRbGb;
kaerenA]TahrN_ 1 b:uEnkarEck mansMNl; 3 enaH
eyIgRtUvbEnmsMNl; 3 enAkg CYredk / Qr nig Ggt;RTUg
bnab;BIEfm 7rYc .
rebobnkarEfmsMNl;enAkgkaer ( 4-by- 4 grid )
+
+
+
+
- 91 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
Original Magic Squares
8 11 14 1
13 2
7 12
3 16 9
10 5
=34
4 15
(1)
(2)
kMsanKNitviTa
Magic squares of 65
15 18 21 8
20 9 14 19
15 18 24 8
10 23 16 13
10 26 16 13
17 12 11 22
17 12 11 25
23 9 14 19
=65
bEnmplEck 7 ( 3 )bEnmsMNl; 3
]TahrN_ 4 cUrbMeBjelxkgRbGb;xageRkam
edIm,I[plbUkelxtamCYredkCYrQrnigGgt;RTUgesInwg 73.
= 73
- yk ( 75 34 ) 4 = 9 ( sMNl; 3 )
CacMnYnRtUvbEnmeTAelIkaerkg]TahrN_ 1 .
Original Magic Squares
8 11 14 1
13 2
7 12 =34
3 16 9 6
10 5
(1)
4 15
(2)
Magic squares of 73
17 20 23 10
22 11 16 21
17 20 26 10
12 25 18 15
12 28 18 15
19 14 13 24
19 14 13 27
bEnmplEck 9
25 11 16 21
(3)
=73
bEnmsMNl; 3
- 92 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
lMhat;Gnuvtn_ eKmankaermYyedaymanRbGb;
TaMgGs; 16 ( 4-by-4 grid) dak;elxkg RbGb;enaH
edIm,I[plbUk elxtamCYrQr edk nig Ggt;RTUg
esInwg
C7-
a- 35
b- 37
c- 49
d- 52
e- 61
f- 70
g- 75
h- 101
i- 111
- 93 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
edayRKan;EtGs;elakGkcgcaMBIelxkUd fn
s)ah_ elxkUdEx nigelxkUdqaM .
xageRkamenHCataragbgajGMBIelxkUdfns)ah_elx
kUdEx nigelxkUdqaM
elxkUdfns)ah_ Day Code
Calendar
- 94 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
mifuna = June
kkda = July
sIha = August
kBaa = September
tula = October
vicika = November
F = December
karbEnmCaPasaGg;eKs
kMsanKNitviTa
3
5
1
4
6
2
4
- 95 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
tamrUbmn
Month Code of January + Date + Year Code of 2010
- 96 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
BhuKuNn 7 = 18 14 = 4
cugbBab;eyIgBiniteTAelIelxkUdf edayelx kUd 4
RtUvnwg fRBhs,t.
6 + 5 + 07 = 18 -
-BinitelxkUdExkBaa=SeptemberemIltaragelx kUdEx
eK)an Ex kBaa manelxkUd 4
Month Code of September = 4
tamrUbmn
Month Code of September + Date + Year Code of 1999
BhuKuNn 7 = 28 28 = 0
elxkUd 0 RtUvnwg fGaTit ( Sunday ).
dUecH fTI 19- kBaa-1999 RtUvnwgfGaTit ( Sunday
4 + 19 + 5 = 28 -
- 97 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
( Leap Year )
eK)an
Month Code of February + Date + Year Code of 1864
6 + 6 + 1 = 13 7 = 6 ( Day Code )
BhuKuNn 7 = 35 - 35 = 0
- 98 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
tamtarag
eK)an
kMsanKNitviTa
- 99 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
sMKal;
- 100 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
kMsanKNitviTa
- 101 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
dMeNaHRsay
EpkcemIy CMBUk 1 kaernmYycMnYn
A -KNnakaerncMnYnxageRkam enAEk,reKal 10
n
a- 962 = 96 4 / 42 = 9216
b- 1032 = 103+3 / 32 = 10609
c- 1212 = 121+21 / 212 = 142 / 441 = 142+4 / 41
= 14641 ( Base 102 )
d- 9962 = 996-4 / 42 = 992016 ( Base 103 )
e- 10132 = 1013+13 / 132 = 1026169 ( Base 103 )
f- 99792 = 9979-21 / 212 = 99580441 ( Base 104 )
g- 8992=899-101/1012 =798 /10201=808201(Base 103)
h- 100152 = 10015+15 /152 = 10030 / 225
= 10030225 ( Base 104 )
i-
j-
- 102 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
KNnakaerncMnYnxageRkam cMnYnminenAEk,reKal10
n
- 103 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
i-
EpkcemIy
j-
C1-
KNnakaerncMnYnxageRkamedayeRbIviFIsaRs Duplex
a- 732 = 0732 49 42 9 732 = 5329
b- 2882 = 002882 4 32 96 128 64 2882 = 82944
c- 71412 = 00071412 49 14 57 22 18 8 1
71412 = 50993881
d- 86172 = 00086172 64 96 52 124 85 14 49
86172 = 74252689
e- 2062 = 002062 4 0 24 0 36 2062 = 42436
f- 6532 = 006532 36 60 61 30 9 6532 = 426409
g- 65072 = 00065072 36 60 25 84 70 0 49
65072 = 42341049
h- 55382 = 00055382 25 50 55 110 89 48 64
55382 = 30669444
i-
3352 = 003352 9 18 39 30 25
j-
3352 = 112225
126 81
- 104 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
7792 = 606841
k- 213132 = 0000213132 4 4 13 10 23 12 19 6 9
213132 = 454243969
l- 813472 = 0000813472 64 16 49 70 129 38 58 56 49
813472 = 6617334409
D1-
KNnakaerBiessncMnYnxageRkam
a- 542 = 25+4 / 42 = 2916
b- 1152 = 11512 / 52 = 13225
c- 5202 = (250+20) / 202 = 270 / 400 = 270400
d- 792 = 802 (79+80) = 6400-159 = 6241
e- 1392 = 1402 (140+139) = 19321
f- 1212 = 1202 + (120+121) = 14400+241 = 14641
g- 500212 = 25000+21 / 212 = 25021 / 202 +(20+21)
= 25021 / 441 = 2502100441
h- 1752 = 1718 / 52 = 30625
i-
rW
j-
- 105 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
a-
4624
12
4624
102
dUecH
b-
64
4624 = 68
43264
4
43264
dUecH
c6
99225
dUecH
03
32
06
64
09
32
12
25
43264 = 208
99225
9
3
99225 = 315
- 106 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
d-
88804
8
4
88804
dUecH
e-
150
64
128
206
170
81
132
205
152
81
262
201
116
49
488601= 699
622521
6
14
622521
dUecH
622521= 789
63792169
14
63792169
dUecH
128
488601
dUecH
g-
48
88804 = 298
12
488601
f-
EpkcemIy
3 :
7
147
219
7 : 0
63792169 = 7987
- 107 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
h-
48818169
12
48818169
8 :
6
dUecH
128
201
248
201
7 : 0
116
49
48818169 = 6987
4129024
i-
4
4129024
dUecH
j-
01
12
09
10
12
04
: 0
4129024 = 2032
64368529
16
64368529
dUecH
k-
EpkcemIy
: 03
36
48
05
3 : 0
12
09
04
04
64368529 = 8023
36144144
12
36144144
dUecH
: 01
14
24
01
2 : 0
36144144 = 6012
- 108 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
m-
80946009
16
80946009
169
254
dUecH
B2-
EpkcemIy
:
296
220
7 : 0
130
49
80946009 = 8997
KNnabskaerRbEhlncMnYnxageRkam
yk 172341.53 = 41.48
dUecH
1723 = 41.50
/ yk
260051 = 50.98
dUecH
c- 80 = [(808) 8]2 = 1 ( 82 = 64
80 = 8+1= 9
/ yk
2600 )
2600 = 50.99
80 )
809 = 8.88
80 = (9+8.88)2 = 8.94
dUecH
80 = 8.94
80 )
- 109 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
42 = 6+0.5= 6.5
EpkcemIy
/ yk
426.5 = 6.46
dUecH
42 = (6.5+6.46)2 = 6.48
42 = 6.48
/ yk
5132 )
513271.65 = 71.62
dUecH
5132 = (71.65+71.62)2=71.63 ,
5132 = 71.63
/ yk
950 )
95030.83 = 30.81
dUecH
950 = 30.82
/ yk
2916 )
291654.16 = 53.84
dUecH
2916 = (54.16+53.84) 2= 54 ,
2916 = 54
/ yk
1225 )
122535.41 = 34.59
1225 = (35.41+34.59) 2= 35 ,
dUecH
1225 = 35
2568 )
- 110 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
2568 = 50+0.68= 50.68
EpkcemIy
/ yk
256850.68 = 50.67
dUecH
2568 = 50.675
/ yk
2310 )
231048.87 = 47.26
dUecH
2310 = 48.06
a- 143 :
13= 1
124 = 4
24= 8
142 = 16
162 =32
43=64
143 :
12
48
64
143 = 1 12 48 64 = 2744
b- 233 :
23= 8
223 = 12
212= 24
232 = 18
182 =36
33=27
233 :
36
54
27
233 = 8 36 54 27 = 12167
- 111 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
c- 353 :
33=27
353 :
27
EpkcemIy
325 =45 352 =75 53=125
452= 90 752=150
135
225
125
d- 373 :
33=27
373 :
27
327 =63
632=126
189
343
e- 763 :
73=343
763 :
343
756
216
f- 383
33=27
328 =72
722=144
383 :
27
216
512
- 112 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
g- 653 :
EpkcemIy
653 :
216
540
450
125
h- 573 :
573 :
525
735
343
i- 673
673 :
756
882
343
j- 473
473 :
336
588
343
k- 433 :
433 :
144
108
33= 27
27
- 113 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
l- 813
EpkcemIy
83=512
821 = 64
642 =128
812 = 8
82 =16
13= 1
813 :
512
192
24
KNnaKUbncMnYnxageRkam cMnYnEdlenAEk,reKal 10
n
- 114 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
a- 3 389017 = 73
b- 3 300763 = 67
c- 3117649 = 49
d- 3 592704 = 84
e- 3 551368 = 82
f- 3 912673 = 97
g- 3 24389 = 29
h- 3 205379 = 59
i-
3 287496
= 66
j- 3 804357 = 93
- 115 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
k- 3 59319 = 39
l- 313824 = 24
B4-
KNnabsKUbncMnYnTUeTAxageRkam
a- 3 941192 = 98
b- 3 474552 = 78
c- 314348907 = 243
d- 3 40353607 = 343
e- 3 91733851= 451
f- 3 961504803 = 987
g- 3180362125 = 565
h- 3 480048687 = 783
i- 31879080904 = 1234
2222
4555+2
55551
123456
123456
200672
200672
- 116 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
manelxcugeRkaybgs;cugKW 6
f- 7
=7
manelxcugeRkaybgs;cugKW 7
g- 2
=2
manelxcugeRkaybgs;cugKW 8
h- 3
=3
manelxcugeRkaybgs;cugKW 7
B - rkelxcugeRkaybgs;ncMnYnxageRkam :
e- 6231086
98765
424691+1
20647
45161+3
13579
43394+3
a- 25760
25760 = (250 +7)60 = 250q + 760
manelxcugeRkaydUc 7
eKman 7 = 7 manelxcugeRkayKW 1
dUecH 257 manelxcugeRkayKWelx 1 .
25760
60
60
414 + 4
60
b- 87! + 365
manelxcugeRkayKW 0
manelxcugeRkayKW 3
3 =3
dUecH 87! + 3 manelxcugeRkayKWelx 3 .
87! = 1.2.3.4.5.85.86.87
65
416 + 1
65
c- 20102011 + 20112012
manelxcugeRkayKW 0
= (2010+1)
= 2010q+1
manelxcugeRkayKW 1
2011
dUecH 2010 + 2011 manelxcugeRkayKWelx 1 .
2012
2011
2012
2012
- 117 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
d- 153266
manelxxagcugeRkaydUc 3
manelxcugeRkayKW 9
3 =3
dUecH 153 manelxcugeRkayKWelx 9 .
15366 = (150+3)66 = 150q + 366
66
66
416 + 2
266
e- 20172 + 4! + 72!
manelxcugeRkayKW 1
4! = 1.2.3.4 = 24 manelxcugeRkayKW 4
72! = 1.2.3.4.5..70.71.72 manelxcugeRkayKW 0
201 + 4! + 72! manelxcugeRkayKWelx 1+4 +0 = 5 .
dUecH 201 + 4! + 72! manelxcugeRkayKWelx 5 .
20172 = (200+1)72 = 200q +172
72
72
f- 92k+1 + 5 , k `
eday 9 mansVyKuNCacMnYness
naM[vamanelxcugeRkayKW 9
9
+ 5 manelxcugeRkayKWelx 9 + 5 = 14
dUecH 9 + 5 manelxcugeRkayKWelx 4 .
92k +1
2k+1
2k+1
- 118 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
2- 435627
eK)an
3 2 1 0
CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 11rW eT ?
minEmnCaBhuKuNn 11
2n+1
= 4.2n + 3.32n
= 4.2n + 3.9n = 4.2n + 3.(7+2)n
= 4.2n + 3(7q + 2n)
= 4.2n + 3.7q + 3.2n
A = 7.2n + 3.7q = 7(2n + 3q ) A
CacMnYnEckdac;nwg 7
- 119 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
5- A = 9n+1 + 26n+1
EpkcemIy
Eckdac;nwg 11
CacMnYnEckdac;nwg 11
B6-
rksMNl;n ab enAeBlvaEcknwg 9
eKman a = 22492 = 2+2+4+9+2 = 19 = 1 ( tam 9 )
b = 4446724 = 4+4+4+6+7+2+4 = 31= 4 ( tam 9 )
ab = 14 = 4 ( tam 9 )
dUecH sMNl;n ab Ecknwg 9 KW 4
2- rksMNl;n 23 Ecknwg 9
eKman 23 5 ( tam 9 )
23 5 7 ( tam 9 )
23 57 8
( tam 9 )
23 58 4
( tam 9 )
23 54 2 ( tam 9 )
23 = 25 = 1 ( tam 9 )
eday 140 = 623 + 2
eK)an ( 23 ) ( 1 ) ( tam 9 )
1-
140
3
4
5
6
6 23
23
- 120 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
tam 9 )
23
7
( tam 9 )
( tam 9 )
23 7
dUecH 23 Ecknwg 9 [sMNl; 7
3- rksMNl;n 17 .39 Ecknwg 4
eKman 17 1 ( tam 4 )
17 1 ( tam 4 )
ehIy
39 3 ( tam 4 )
39 3 ( tam 4 )
39 27 3 ( tam 4 )
17 1 ( tam 4 )
39 3 ( tam 4 )
17 .39 3 ( tam 4 )
dUecH 17 .39 Ecknwg 4 [sMNl; 3
232 7
138+2
140
140
3
6
3
4-
16
23
46
95
44
23
- 121 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
manelxxagcugKW 2
7 + 9 Ecknwg 5 [sMNl; 2
716 + 923
dUecH
eKman
16
23
manelxxagcugdUc 3
manelxxagcugKW 9
13 = 3
7 =7
manelxxagcugKW 3
13 + 7 manelxxagcugKW 2
dUecH 13 + 7 Ecknwg 5 [sMNl; 2
1346
46
95
46
46
411+2
423+3
95
46
5-
95
rksMNl;n 6. 7 + 3 . 5
nig 17 + 14 Ecknwg 6
eKman 6.7 Eckdac;nwg 6
83
143
2n+1
2n+10
+7
126
83
manelxxagcug 5
)annyfa 3 . 5 Eckdac;nwg 6 [sMNl; 5
Et 7 1 (tam 6 )
6. 7 + 3 . 5
+ 7 Ecknwg 6 [sMNl; 0
32n+1. 52n+10
2n+1
83
dUecH
2n+1
2n+10
2n+10
Ecknwg 6 [sMNl; 0
- 122 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
eKman
EpkcemIy
manelxxagcugdUc 7
7 =7
manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 3
14 = (10+4) manelxxagcugdUc 4
4 manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 4
17 + 14 manelxcugeRkaybgs;KW 3+4 = 7
17 + 14 Ecknwg 6 [sMNl; 1
dUecH 17 + 14 Ecknwg 6 [sMNl; 1
17143 = (10+7)143
143
143
435+3
126
126
126
143
143
126
143
126
143
126
3 612096
457 5 5028
18099 0 81
- 123 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
C7-
a- 35
Original magic square
Magic square of 35
8 11 14 1
8 11 15 1
13 2
14 2
7 12
3 16 9
10 5
= 34
4 15
35 34 = 1 ( 14 = 0
7 12
3 17 9
10 5
= 35
4 16
sMNl; 1 )
b- 37
Magic square of 37
8 11 16 1
15 2
7 12 35 34 = 1 ( 14 = 0
3 18 9 6
10 5
sMNl; 1 )
4 17
c- 49
Magic square of 49
11 14 20 4
19 5 10 15 49 34 = 15 ( 154 = 3
6 22 12 9
13 8
sMNl; 3 )
7 20
- 124 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
d- 52
Magic square of 52
12 15 20 5
19 6 11 16 52 34 = 18 ( 184 = 4
7 22 13 10
14 9
8 21
sMNl; 2 )
e- 61
Magic square of 61
14 17 23 7
22 8 13 18 61 34 = 27 ( 274 = 6
9 25 15 12
sMNl; 3 )
16 11 10 24
f- 70
Magic square of 70
17 20 23 10
22 11 16 21 70 34 = 36 ( 364 = 9
12 25 18 15
sMNl; 0 )
19 14 13 24
g- 75
Magic square of 75
18 21 25 11
24 12 17 22 75 34 = 41 ( 414 = 10
13 27 19 16
sMNl; 1 )
20 15 14 26
- 125 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
h- 101
Magic square of 101
24 27 33 17
32 18 23 28 101 34 = 67 ( 674 =16
19 35 25 22
sMNl; 3 )
26 21 20 34
i- 111
Magic square of 111
27 30 34 20
33 21 36 31 111 34 = 77 ( 774 =19
22 36 28 25
sMNl; 1 )
29 24 23 35
D7-
rkfns)ahcMeBaHfTI
a- 19- mkra -2007 (stvtS TI 21= 2000 + 7 )
elxkUdqaM 2007 = ( 74 + 7) BhuKuNn 7
= 8-7 = 1
elxkUdExmkra = 6
elxkUdf = ( 1 + 6 + 19 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 26 21 = 5
- 126 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
b- 14-
= 15-14 =1
elxkUdEx mifuna = 3
elxkUdf = ( 5+ 3 + 20) BhuKuNn 7
= 28 28 = 0
elxkUdEx kBaa = 4
elxkUdf = ( 6 + 4 + 1 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 11 7 = 4
- 127 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
e- 09-
= 67 - 63 = 4
elxkUdEx vicika = 2
elxkUdf = ( 4 + 2 + 9 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 15 14 = 1
f- 04-
= 100 - 98 = 2
elxkUdEx kkda = 5
elxkUdf = ( 2 + 5 + 04 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 11 7 = 4
- 128 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
g- 22-
= 30 - 28 = 2
elxkUdEx kum = 2
elxkUdf = ( 2 + 2 + 22 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 26-21 = 5
elxkUdEx mifuna = 3
elxkUdf = ( 1 + 3 + 31 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 35-35 = 0
elxkUdf = 0 RtUvnwg f cn
dUecH 31- mifuna- 2468 RtUvnwg f cn
Gwug sMNag nig lwm pln
- 129 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
i- 01-
= 73 - 70 = 3
elxkUdEx mkra = 6
elxkUdf = ( 3 + 6 + 1) BhuKuNn 7
= 10 - 7 = 3
j- 23-
= 108 - 105 = 3
elxkUdEx tula = 6
elxkUdf = ( 3 + 6 + 23 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 32 28 = 4
- 130 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
k- 06-
= 107 - 105 = 2
elxkUdEx vicika = 2
elxkUdf = ( 2 + 2 + 6 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 10 7 = 3
l- 13-
= 15 - 14 = 1
elxkUdEx ]sPa = 0
elxkUdf = ( 1 + 0 + 13 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 14 14 = 0
m- 01-
= 12 - 7 = 5
- 131 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
EpkcemIy
elxkUdEx mkra = 6
elxkUdf = ( 5 + 6 + 1 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 12 7 = 5
n- 19-
= 81 - 77 = 4
elxkUdEx vicika = 2
elxkUdf = ( 4 + 2 + 19 ) BhuKuNn 7
= 25 21 = 4
- 132 -
More Exercises
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
rksMNl;n
a- 3 Ecknwg 5
b- 239 Ecknwg 6
c- 4 Ecknwg 8
+ 20
Ecknwg 7
d- 2
2- rksMNl;n 3
Ecknwg 7 , Edl n CacMnYnKt;viCman
3- rksMNl;n
a- 2
nig 3 + 2 Ecknwg 7
b- 3 + 6 2 + 1 Ecknwg 8
c- 9888 + 12466 nig 1326811865 + 5 Ecknwg 9
d- 18181818 + 1111111111 nig 47 + 16 Ecknwg 11
e- 2 + 50! Ecknwg 16
1-
999
63
140
3k+8
4k+5
6n+5
3n+10
77
12n+3
89
6n+3
1241
11
36
87
7
...
7
7
7
4-
1001
1002
1003
1001
20022001
- 133 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
Edl n! = n(n-1)(n-2).2.1
8- cUrbgajfaRKb;cMnYnKt; n :
a- n n CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 3
b- n n CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 5
c- n n CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 7
d- n n CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 11
e- n n CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 13
9- cUrbgajfa :
a- 3 2 CacMnYnEdlEckdac;nwg 35
RKb;cMnYnKt;viCman n .
b- n 5n + 4n Eckdac;nwg 120 RKb;cMnYnKt; n .
c - RKb;cMnYnKt; m nig n , mn(m n )
Eckdac;nwg 56786730.
10- cUrbgajfa : n + 3n +5 minEckdac;nwg 121
RKb;cMnYnKt;viCman n .
3
5
11
13
8n
6n
60
60
11-
10
- 134 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
7
( ( ) ) / EdlsVyKuNn 7 yk 1000 dg .
5555
13-
2222
99
34
999
1414
7 7
....7
rYcrkelxcugeRkayBIrxg; .
b-
16- *
17- *
999
rkelxBIrxg;cugeRkayn 7
sVyKuNcMnYn 1001.
( )
77
7
.
..
1001
rkelxcugeRkay 5 xg;n N = 9
Edlman 9 sVyKuNcMnYn 1001.
rkelxcugeRkay 1000 xg;n
/ Edlman 7
( )
99
9
.
..
1001
etImanelxsUnb:unanxg;cugbBab;n 100! .
- 135 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
19-
128
128
a-
nig
cUrbgajfa
(a + b + c)
333
(a + b + c)
2324-
Eckdac;nwg
a 3 b3 c 3
dak;CaplKuNktankenSam a
cUrbgajfaBhuFa
10
+ a5 + 1
Eckdac;nwg
x 9 + x8 + x 7 + ..... + x 2 + x + 1
KNnakenSamxageRkam
25-
A=
26-
- 136 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
n
k- ebIsin x =
nig y =
bgajfa y x x y
x- bgajfaRKb;cMnYnKt;viCman n
1+ 1
n
1+ 1
n
n+1
1982
1982
1982
1982
1982
1982
bgajfaRKb;cMnYnKt;viCman n
10 + 18n -1 Eckdac;nwg 27
30-bgajfaRKb;cMnYnKt;viCman n
n - n Eckdac;nwg 30
31-bgajfaRKb;cMnYnKt; n
n + n + n CacMnYnKt;.
3 2 6
29-
- 137 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
bgajfaRKb;cMnYnKt;viCman n
n + n + n CacMnYnKt;.
6 2 3
33-KNna
32-
2001
1 2 22
+ ... + 2
+
+
2003
2003 2003 2003
edaHRsaysmIkarxageRkam
36-
a. x2 x +1 x2 x + 2 = 12
b.
cd-
x2 + x x+1
=1
xx25x+6 =1
x + 3 4 x 1 + x + 8 6 x 1 = 1
KNna
37-
RblgsisSBUEkTUTaMgRbeTsfak;TI 9 : 07-05-2006 )
cMeBaHcMnYnBitxusKa a, b ,c cUrKNna
38-
- 138 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
A=
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
b
( a b )( a c ) ( b a )( b c ) ( c a )( c b )
RblgsisSBUEkTUTaMgRbeTsfak;TI 9 : 08-05-2008 )
39-
A=
2 2
12 + 8 + 3 + 6
RblgsisSBUEkTUTaMgRbeTsfak;TI 9 : 06-05-2008 )
bBaak;tmelxnxg;ray P = 2
41-bgajfa
1979
40-
4 + 5 3 + 5 48 10 7 + 4 3 4
42-
k-sresr
x-KNna
4+2 3
Carag
72007
2008
CacMnYnKt;viCman
a+ b
RblgsisSBUEkTUTaMgRbeTsfak;TI 9 : 07-05-2005 )
- 139 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
kMsan
A
cUrrkpvedIm,I[eTAdl;cMnucexA
- 140 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
B
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
cUrrkpvedIm,I[eTAdl;rUbt,gxagkg
- 141 -
sil,nkarKitKNitviTa
lMhat;RsavRCavbEnm
cUrbMeBjelxeTAkgkaerxageRkameday eRbIelx
KU 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 16 , 18 edIm,I[plbUk
elxnCYrQr edk nigGgt;RTUgesInwg 30.
C
cUrbMeBjelxeTAkgkaerxageRkameday eRbIelx
4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 edIm,I[plbUk
elxnCYrQr edk nigGgt;RTUgesInwg 24.
D
edaymincaM)ac;dkd cUrKUsrUbxageRkamenH
(a)
(b)
- 142 -
Name
million
American-French
English-German
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000,000
billion
(a thousand millions) (a million millions)
trillion
1 with 12 zeros
1 with 18 zeros
quadrillion 1 with 15 zeros
1 with 24 zeros
quintillion 1 with 18 zeros
1 with 30 zeros
sextillion 1 with 21 zeros
1 with 36 zeros
septillion 1 with 24 zeros
1 with 42 zeros
octillion
1 with 27 zeros
1 with 48 zeros
googol
1 with 100 zeros
googolplex
1 with a googol of zeros
SI Prefixes
Number
10 1
10 2
10 3
10 6
10 9
10 12
10 15
10 18
10 21
10 24
Prefix
dekahectokilomegagigaterapetaexazetayotta-
Symbol
da
h
k
M
G
T
P
E
Z
Y
Number
10 -1
10 -2
10 -3
10 -6
10 -9
10 -12
10 -15
10 -18
10 -21
10 -24
Prefix
decicentimillimicronanopicofemtoattozeptoyocto-
Symbol
d
c
m
u(greekmu)
n
p
f
a
z
y
Roman Numerals
(I with a bar is not used)
I=1
V=5
_
V=5,000
X=10
_
X=10,000
L=50
_
L=50,000
C=100
_
C = 100 000
D=500
_
D=500,000
M=1,000
_
M=1,000,000
11 = XI
25 = XXV
2 = II
12 = XII
30 = XXX
3 = III
13 = XIII
40 = XL
4 = IV
14 = XIV
49 = XLIX
5=V
15 = XV
50 = L
6 = VI
16 = XVI
51 = LI
7 = VII
17 = XVII
60 = LX
8 = VIII
18 = XVIII
70 = LXX
9 = IX
19 = XIX
80 = LXXX
10 = X
20 = XX
90 = XC
21 = XXI
99 = XCIX
Number
100
1,000
10,000
Name
one hundred
one thousand
ten thousand
100,000
1,000,000
one million
How Many
ten tens
ten hundreds
ten thousands
one hundred
thousands
one thousand
thousands
( References list )
Johann Carl
Friedrich Gauss
(17771855)
J.-L. Lagrange
( 1736-1813 )
(1642 - 1727)
Pierre de Fermat
(1601-1665)
Pythagoras
( 578-505 BC )
G.W. Leibniz
( 1646-1716 )
!!