CC CNG THC GII NHANH Vic nm cc cng thc ny s gip gii nhanh cc bi ton.

y l cc bi ton thng gp trong cc k thi i hc, m nu gii theo cch thng thng s lm th sinh mt nhiu thi gian. 1) Tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht mt lng CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 Cng thc:
n = O n n H
C 2 O

V d 1: Hp th ht 7,84 lt CO2 (kc) vo 300ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c Gii
nCO = 035mol
2

nBa(OH)

n = 0,6 0,35 = 0,25mol = 0,3mol m = 197.0,35 = 49,25gam

** Lu : y n = 0,25mol < nCO = 0,35mol , nn kt qu trn ph hp. Ta cn phi kim tra li v nu Ba(OH)2 dng d th khi n = nCO m khng ph thuc vo nOH . Tm li, khi s dng cng thc trn, cn nh iu kin rng buc gia n v nCO l n nCO .
2 2 2 2

2) Tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht mt lng CO2 vo dung dch cha hn hp gm NaOH v Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 Cng thc: Tnh no phn ng ht.
nCO 2 =OH n n
3

C 2 O

ri so snh vi

nCa2+

hoc

nBa2+

xem cht

V d 2: Hp th ht 6,72 lt CO2 (kc) vo 300ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,6M. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c Gii
nNaOH = 0,03mol nCO2 = 0,39 0,3 = 0,09mol 3 nBa(OH) = 0,18mol 2 nCO = 0,3mol
2

M Vy

nBa2+ = 0,18mol

nn

= 0,09mol.

m = 0,09.197 = 17,73gam .

** Lu : Tng t nh cng thc trn, trong trng hp ny cng c iu kin rng buc gia nCO v nCO l nCO nCO .
2 3 2 2 3 2

3) Tnh th tch CO2 cn hp th ht vo mt dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 thu c mt lng kt ta theo yu cu Dng ny phi c hai kt qu. Cng thc:
nCO = n 2 nCO2 = nOH n

V d 3: Hp th ht V lt CO (kc) vo 300ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M c 19,7 gam kt ta. Tm V Gii

nCO = n = 0,1mol V = 2,24lt 2 ,2lt nCO2 = nOH n = 0,6 0,1= 0,5mol V = 11

4) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Al3+ xut hin mt lng kt ta theo yu cu Dng ny phi c hai kt qu Cng thc:
nOH =3.n nOH = 4.nAl +3 n

V d 4: Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AlCl3 c 31,2 gam kt ta. Gii
nOH = 3.n = 3.0,4mol V = 1 ,2lt ,6mol V = 1 ,6lt nOH = 4.nAl3+ n = 2 0,4 = 1

V d 5: Cn cho mt th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht l bao nhiu vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,6mol AlCl3 v 0,2mol HCl xut hin 39gam kt ta. Gii Lu rng trng hp ny cn thm mt lng NaOH trung ho HCl. Mt khc, tnh th tch dung dch NaOH ln nht nn ch cn xt gi tr
nOH (max) = 4nAl3+ n nOH (ca) = nHCl + (4.nAl3+ n ) = 0,2 + (2,4 0,5) = 2,1mol n

V = 2,1 lt.

5) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn cho vo dung dch Na[Al(OH)4] (hoc NaAlO2) xut hin mt lng kt ta theo yu cu Dng ny phi c hai kt qu Cng thc:
nH+ =n nH+ =4.n[Al(OH)]4 3.n

V d 6: Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch cha 0,7mol Na[Al(OH)4] thu c 39 gam kt ta? Gii
nH+ = n = 0,5mol V = 0,5lt ,3mol V = 1 ,3lt nH+ = 4.n[Al(OH)4 ] 3.n = 1

V d 7: Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cc i cn cho vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,1mol NaOH v 0,3mol Na[Al(OH)4] l bao nhiu xut hin 15,6gam kt ta? Gii Tng t nh v d 5, ta c:
nH+ (ca) = nNaOH + (4.n[Al(OH) n
4]

3.n ) = 0,7mol

V = 0,7 lt.

6) Tnh khi lng mui nitrat thu c khi cho hn hp cc kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 (khng c s to thnh NH4NO3)

Cng thc:

mMo m im a 6. 3 N n N 8 NO 1. N = lo+ ( . O + . 2 ++ O n n 0 ) n u i K i

(khng to kh no th s mol kh bng khng) V d 8: Ho tan 10 gam rn X gm Al, Mg, Zn bng HNO3 va c dung dch cha m gam mui v 5,6 lt NO (kc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm m. Gii
mMuo = 10 + 62.3. i 5,6 = 56,5gam 22,4

7) Tnh khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi cho hn hp cc kim loi tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng gii phng kh SO2. Cng thc:
mM o m imlo+ 6 S = a 9. O n u i K i
2

V d 9: Ho tan ht 10gam rn X gm Al, Mg, Cu bng H2SO4 c, nng va , c dung dch cha m gam mui v 10,08 lt SO2 (kc). Tm m. Gii
10,08 mMuo = 10 + 96. = 53,2gam i 22,4

8) Tnh lng mui thu c khi cho hn hp st v cc oxit st tc dng vi HNO3 d gii phng kh NO. Cng thc:
mMuo = i 22 4 (m + 2 .nNO 4 ) 8 ho hp 0 n

V d 10: Ho tan ht 12 gam r X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong HNO3 long d c dung dch cha m gam mui v 2,24 lt NO (kc). Tm m. Gii
mMuo = i 242 2,24 (12 + 24. ) = 43,56gam 80 22,4

** Lu : Vi dng ny, cho d hn hp u l bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht (Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4) cng u cho kt qu nh nhau. Tht vy.

V d 11: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi d c 3 gam hn hp rn X. Ho tan ht X trong HNO3 long d c 0,448 lt NO (kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c bao nhiu gam rn khan? Gii D X l bao nhiu cht, ta lun c:
mMuo = i 242 0,448 (3+ 24. ) = 10,527gam 80 22,4

9) Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng HNO3 c, nng d gii phng kh NO2. Tng t nh vn xt trn, hn hp cho khng nht thit phi l 4 cht, m ch l 2 hoc 3 trong 4 cht trn th khi lng mui vn c tnh theo cng thc:
mMuo = i 22 4 (m + 8 NO ) .n 8 ho hp 0 n
2

V d 12: Ho tan ht 6 gam rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong HNO3 c, nng d c 3,36 lt NO2 (kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c bao nhiu gam mui khan? Gii
mMuo = i 242 3,36 (6 + 8. ) = 21 ,78gam 80 22,4

V d 13: Dn mt lung CO qua ng ng Fe2O3 nung nng thu c 9 gam rn X. Ho tan ht X trong HNO3 c, nng d c 3,92 lt NO2 (kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c bao nhiu gam mui khan? Gii D X l bao nhiu cht, ta lun c: ** Lu :
mMuo = i 242 3,92 (9 + 8. ) = 31 ,46gam . 80 22,4

Vi dng ton ny, HNO3 phi d mui thu c ton l mui Fe(III). Khng c ni HNO3 va , v c th pht sinh kh nng

st cn d do HNO3 ht s tip tc tan ht do kh Fe(III) v Fe(II). Khi s khng cn chnh xc na. Nu gii phng hn hp NO v NO2, cng thc tnh mui l
22 4 mMuo = (mho hp 2 .nNO 8 NO) + 4+ .n i 8 0 n
2

10) Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c, nng d gii phng kh SO2 Tng t trn, hn hp xt y khng nht thit phi 4 cht. Cng thc:
mMuo = i 40 0 (m n + 1 .nSO ) 6 1 0 ho hp 6
2

V d 14: Ho tan 30 gam rn X gn FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c, nng d c 11,2 lt SO2 (kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c bao nhiu gam mui khan? Gii
mMuo = i 400 11 ,2 (30 + 16. ) = 95gam 160 22,4

11) Tnh khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ho lng st ny bng oxi c hn hp rn X. Ho tan ht rn X trong HNO3 long d c NO. Thc ra, dng ny da vo cng thc (8)
mMuo = i 242 1 (mho hp + 24.nNO ) nFe(NO ) = (mho hp + 24.nNO ) n n 3 3 80 80 1 (m n + 24.nNO ) 80 ho hp
mFe = 5 6 (m+ 2 .nNO 4 ) 8 ho hp 0 n

nFe = nFe(NO ) =
3 3

V d 15: t m gam st trong oxi c 3 gam hn hp rn X. Ho tan ht X trong HNO3 long d c 0,56 lt NO (kc). Tm m. Gii

mFe =

56 0,56 (3+ 24. ) = 2,52gam 80 22,4

V d 16: Chia 12 gam rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 lm 2 phn bng nhau. - Dn mt lung CO d qua phn nung nng c m gam st. - Ho tan ht phn 2 trong HNO3 long d c 1,12 lt NO (kc). Tm m. Gii
mFe = 56 1 ,12 (6 + 24. ) = 5,04gam 80 22,4

** Trong khun kh c hn, chng ti ch nu mt s cng thc c trng thng gp trong cc bi tp tuyn sinh i hc. Hc sinh c th vn dng thm cc nh lut (bo ton khi lng, bo ton electron) t trang b thm cc cng thc cho ring mnh.