Thiet Ke o To

THUYT MINH BA TP LN T
NHN XT , NH GI N
GIO VIN HNG DN :
Kt qu nh gi :
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GIO VIN BO V :..................................................................................................
Kt qu nh gi :
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PHN I:
XY DNG NG C TNH NGOI
I/ Xc nh trng lng ton b ca t:
Ta ang tnh vi t ti chuyn ch hng ha nn trng lng ton b ca t
c xc nh nh sau:
G = G0 + n.Gn + Ghh
Trong :
Go : T trng ca t.
Gn: : T trng mt ngi.
Ghh :Trng lng hng ha chuyn ch.
n : S ch ngi trong bung li.
i vi xe ti ta ang xt:
n=3 ngi (1 li 2 ph)

G0 = 4300 kg
Gn = 75kg
Ghh = 5000 kg
Vy ta c:
G = 4300 + 5000 + 75.3 = 9525 (kg)
II/ Chn ng c v xy dng ng c tnh ngoi

Theo u bi ta bit c loi t, ti trng v tc Vmax ca xe khi chy
trn ng nm ngang c h s cn ln f . Ta thy rng t ch t c
khi chy trn ng bng tt v khng ko moc hoc truyn
b ph....khi cng sut ng c pht sinh ra l:
Nv =
1
t
N f + N
Vmax
cng sut cho thit
1 G. f .Vmax K .F .V 3max
.
+
t 270
3500
(1)
y : G=9525 kg , trng lng ton ti.

f = 0,024 - H s cn ln ca ng.
Vmax= 95km/h-Tc cc i ca t tay s truyn
thng khi chy trn ng tt , nm ngang.
K - H s cn khng kh
+ i vi t ti : K = 0,05
0,07 KG. gy 2 / m 4
Ta chn K = 0,07KG. gy 2 m4 (thng s chn).

F - Din tch cn chnh din tnh theo m 2 .
+ Vic xc nh din tch cn chnh din gp nhiu kh khn ,
n gin ngi ta dng cng thc tnh gn ng sau :
F = m.B. H 0
( m2 )
m - H s in y din tch cn khng kh.

i vi t ti m = 1.
B - Chiu rng c s ca xe : B = 1,8 m.
H - Chiu cao ton b ca xe :H = 2,35 m.
Do :
F = 2,35.1,8 = 4,23( m 2 ).
t - Hiu sut truyn lc . i vi t ti

t = 0.8 - 0.85 v ta chn t = 0.85
T cc thng s c trn thay vo cng thc (1) ta c :

Nv =
1 9525.0, 024.95 0, 07.4, 23.953

.
+
0.85
270
3500
=179,9165
(m.l)
Cng sut tnh theo cng thc (1) ch tha mn iu kin u thit k cho.
Ta dng gi tr ny tnh ton cc phn sau v trn c s xy dng cc th.
Nhng nu ta cn c vo gi tr cng sut chn ng c l cha . V cng
sut ng c em th trong iu kin th nghim thiu cc b phn: tiu m, qut gi,

bnh lc khng kh v cc b phn khc
Nhng khi lp trn t th cc b phn trn li c mt v mt khc tng khn nng
thng lc cn t xut trong qu trnh chuyn ng th cng sut ca ng c t trn
t phi ln hn cng sut tnh theo cng thc (1) t15%-20%. y ta chn cng
sut t trn t ln hn 20%
Vy cng sut ng c c chn t trn t s la :
N v ' = N v + 0, 2.Nv
=179,9615 +0,2.179,9615
= 215,9538
(m.l)
III/ Xy dng ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c xng c hn ch s vng qoay.

t ta ang xt l t ti t ng c xng c hn ch s vng qoay. i vi t
ti khng yu cu tc ln nh t du lch m ch yu l yu cu
nng sut v tnh kinh t cao, theo ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c th sut tiu hao
nhin liu nh nht ng vi ch cng sut khng phi l cc i m l im di ch
cng sut cc i N max . Nh vy t c nng sut cao gi thnh h th t ti
t ng c xng thng c b phn hn ch s vng qoay.
t c b phn hn ch s vng qoay th tc ln nht Vmax ca t s ng
vi s vng qoay nV ch hn ch .
Theo u thit k ta chn nN =3200 v/f ng vi cng sut cc i N max
Mun tm nv ta c biu thc xc nh nh sau :
nv = (0,8 0,9).nN
Ta chn nv = 0,9.nN v vi N v tnh t cng thc (1) ta xc nh cng sut cc

i N max theo biu thc sau :
N max =
Nv
n n 2 n 3
v + v v
nN nN nN
179,9615
0,9 + 0,92 0,93
= 183,447 (m.l)
Vi nN = 3200 v/p v t s chn nv = 0,9.nN ta xc nh c s vng qoay ch

hn ch (hay Vmax ) l :
nv = 0,9.nN = 0,9.3200 = 2880 (vng/pht)
T cc tr s nv , N v v nN , N N ta xc nh c im hn ch s vng qoay v
im c cng sut cc i. xc nh cc im khc ta s dng cng thc thc
nghim ca S.R.Ly-c-Man sau y :
2
3
n
ne
ne
e
N e = N max a
+ b c
nN
nN
nN
y :
ne - S vng qoay ca ng c ng vi cng sut N e .
nN - S vng qoay ca ng c ng vi cng sut cc i N max
a,b,c - hng s thc nghim. i vi ng c xng :

a=b=c=1.
n n 2 n 3
N e = N max . e + e e
nN nN nN
Lc :
ng c xng t s
. M theo thc nghim i vi
ne
= (0, 2 1,1).
nN
Khi xy dng c th N e = f ( ne ) ta c th xy dng th mmen qoay ca

ng c theo cng thc sau :
M e = 716, 2.
Ne
ne
(KG.m)
cho n gian trong tnh ton ta lp bng quan h N e , M e theo ne ri t v

th ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c .
ne / nn
ne
0.2
640
0.3
960
0.4
1280
0.5
1600
0.6
1920
5
0.7
2240
0.8
2560
0.9
2880
1
1.1
3200 3520
Ne
Me
42.56 66.59
47.63 49.68
90.99
50.91
114.7 136.5 155.4 170.2 180 183.4 201.8

51.32 50.91 49.68 47.63 44.75 41.06 40.06
Bng 1: Mi quan h N e , M e theo ne .

T cc gi tr trong bng (1)ta v th ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c vi t l
xch trn th ly theo bn v giy A4 nh sau:
+ i vi vn tc: ne = 35,2
( v / ph ) - biu din theo trc honh.

mm
( KG.m )
+ i vi Mmen xon: Me= 11,12
- biu din theo trc tung.
mm
+ i vi cng sut : Ne = 1,987634
m.l
-biu din theo trc tung.
mm
198 .7 634
194,89 69
4 8,4 895
n e(v/p)
th1: ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c xng c hn ch s vng qoay
PHN II :
XC NH T S TRUYN CA H THNG TRUYN LC.
I/ Xc nh t s ca truyn lc chnh : i0
T s truyn lc chnh i0 c xc nh o bo tc chuyn ng cc i Vmax
ca t khi xe ch vi ti trng nh mc th ngi li cho xe chy s truyn cao
nht ca hp s trn mt ng bng. Theo l thuyt i0 c xc nh theo cng thc
:
rbx .nemax
ih .Vmax
i0 = 0,377.
y :
(2)
i0 - T s truyn ca truyn lc chnh .

ih - T s truyn cao nht ca hp s.
Do ta ang xt xe c s truyn cao nht l s truyn thng nn ih=1.

Vmax -Vn tc cc i ca t (u cho Vmax = 95 ( km/h).
nemax = nv = 2880 v/p S vng qoay ca ng c ng vi Vmax
rbx -Bn knh ln ca bnh xe : rbx = .r0

d
2
+ r0 : Bn knh thit k ca lp : r0 = ( B + ).25, 4 (mm)

Theo u thit k ta chn loi lp c k hiu B-d = 9-20 (ins) . Da vo k
hiu ta bit c lp l loi lp c p sut thp nn = (0.93 0,935) .
Ta chn = 0,935 , vy bn knh ln ca bnh xe s l
d
20
rbx = . ( B + ).25, 4 = 0,935.(9 +
).25,4= 451,231(mm)
2
2
= 0,451,231 (m).
Thay cc gi tr c vo cng thc (2) ta c :
i0 = 0,377.
0, 451231.2880
= 5,157
1.95
II/ Xc nh t s truyn cc tay s trung gian ca hp s.

1 ,Xc nh t s truyn ca tay s I :
T s tryn ca hp s bt u c xc nh tay s tryn thp nht. T
s truyn ihI c xc nh theo iu kin cn v iu kin khc phc
c lc cn ln nht ca ng v bnh xe ch ng khng b qoay trong
iu kin chuyn ng .
- Theo iu kin khc phc lc cn ln nht :
Pkmax P max
Khai trin hai v ta c :

ihI
max .G.rbx
M emax .i0 .t
-Theo iu kin m bo cho bnh xe ch ng khng b trt qoay:

Pkmax P
Khai trin hai v ta c :

ihI
.Gb .rbx
M emax .i0 .t
M ihI li c xc nh theo iu kin cn chuyn ng v c kim

tra theo iu kin bm :
ihI =
max .G.rbx
M emax .i0 .t
ihI
.Gb .rbx
M emax .i0 .t
iu kin kim tra :
y :
i0 : t s truyn ca truyn lc chnh ( i0 = 5,157).
rbx :Bn knh ln ca bnh xe .

9
G: Trng lng ton ti ca t.

M emax :Mmen xon cc i ca ng c.
So snh gi tr M e bng I ta c M emax = 51,32 (m.l)

Gb :Trng lng bm
Gb = m. G2
+ G2 :Trng lng tnh tc dng cu ch ng ( cu sau).

G2 = 6950 kg (chn theo xe tham kho)
+ m: H s phn b ti trng m = 1,1 1,3

Ta chn m = 1,1.
max :H s cn tng cng ca ng : max = f+tg
f :H s cn ln f = 0,024
: dc ca ng =15
Vy : max = 0,024 + tg15 = 0,2919

:H s cn ca ng c th chn trong khong
= 0,6 0,8 ta chn = 0,6
t =0,85: Hiu sut truyn lc.
T cc thng s trn ta c : ihI =
9525.0, 2919.0, 451231

=
51,32.5,157.0,85
5,577
V iu kin kim tra:

ihI
.Gb .rbx
0, 6.1,1.6950.0, 451231
=
= 9,21 .
M emax .i0 .t
51,32.5,157.0,85
Ta thy ihI = 5,577< 9,21 tha mn iu kin vy ta chn ihI = 5,577

2, Xc nh t s truyn ca cc tay s trung gian:
C hai phng php xc nh t s truyn cc tay s trung gian:
+ Xc nh t s truyn theo cp s nhn .
+ Xc nh t s truyn theo cp s iu ha.
Ta chn phng php xc nh t s truyn theo cp s iu ha .
10
Ta ang tnh vi xe c 5 tay s, tay s cui cng ih 5 l s truyn thng

nn ih5 = 1.
ih 2 = 4 i 3h1 = 4 5,5773 = 3, 63
ih 3 = 4 i 2h1 = 4 5, 5772 = 2,36
ih 4 = 4 ih1 = 4 5,577 = 1,537
11
PHN III :
XY DNG TH CC CH TIU NG LC HC CA T .
I/ Tnh ton ch tiu v cng sut .
Phng trnh cn bng cng sut tng qut ca t nh sau:
N K = N f + N Ni N j + N m
Trong :
N K : Cng sut ko bnh xe ch ng, c xc nh
Theo cng thc : N K = N e N r = Net .

vi : N e :cng sut c ch ca ng c.
N r :cng sut tiu hao cho tn tht c kh
trong h thng truyn lc.

t : Hiu sut lc ( t =0,85).
N f : Cng sut tiu hao cho lc cn ln.
Nf =
G. f .V
.
270
N j : Cng sut tiu hao cho lc cn qun tnh khi tng tc

Nj =
G
V
. ij .J .
.
g
270
N i :Cng sut tiu hao cho lc cn ln dc.

Ni =
K .F .V 3
.
3500
N :Cng sut tiu hao cho lc cn khng kh.
N =
K .F .V 3
.
3500
N m : Cng sut tiu hao cho lc cn ko moc.

12
Ta ang xt vi xe khng ko moc nn N m =0.

Vy cng thc c th vit li nh sau :
N K = N f + N N j Ni .
Tuy nhin trong phng trnh cn bng cng sut trn ta ch cn xc nh cng
sut N K , N f v N theo tc ca tng tay s ca hp s v xy dng c
th cn bng cng sut ta phi tnh tc chuyn ng ca t tng tay s theo
s vng qoay ne ca ng c .
Cng thc tnh :
y:
Vn = 0,377.
rbx .ne
.
i0 .ihn
Ta ang xt vi xe 5 tay s nn n=1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5.

rbx : Bn knh ln ca bnh xe rbx =0,451231 (m).
ne :S vng qoay ca ng c.
i0 :T s truyn lc chnh i0 = 5,157
ihn :T s truyn tay s ang xt.
ihI = 5,577 ; ih 2 = 3,629 ; ih 3 = 2,362 ; ih 4 = 1,537 ; ih 5 = 1 .
cho n gin ta lp bng tnh V cc tay s theo ne nh sau :

ne
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
640
3.784
5.816
8.938
13.74
21.11
960
5.677
8.724
13.41
20.61
31.67
1280
7.569
11.63
17.88
27.47
42.22
1600
9.461
14.54
22.35
34.34
52.38
1920
11.35
17.45
26.81
41.21
63.33
2240
13.25
20.36
31.28
48.08
73.89
2560
15.14
23.26
35.75
54.95
84.44
2880
17.30
26.17
40.22
61.82
95.0
Bng 2: Tc chuyn ng V ca cc tay s theo ne .

Sau khi thnh lp c bng vn tc V tng tay s ta thnh lp bng tnh N K
cho tng tay s theo vn tc ca cc tay s v thnh lp bng
+ N t vn tc Vmin n Vmax .
S dng cng thc tnh sau y lp bng N K :
13
tnh N f , N , N f
N K = N e . t .
Do N K = N K 1 = N K 2 = NK 3 = NK 4 = NK 5 = Ne .t nn ta lp chung cng mt bng

Vi bng N e theo vn tc ca tng tay s:
ne
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
Ne
NK
640
3.784
5.816
8.938
13.74
21.11
42.56
36.18
960
5.677
8.724
13.41
20.61
31.67
66.59
56.6
1280
7.569
11.63
17.88
27.47
42.22
90.99
77.34
1600
9.461
14.54
22.35
34.34
52.38
114.7
97.46
1920
11.35
17.45
26.81
41.21
63.33
136.5
116
2240
13.25
20.36
31.28
48.08
73.89
155.4
132.1
2560
15.14
23.26
35.75
54.95
84.44
170.2
144.7
2880
17.30
26.17
40.22
61.82
95.0
180
153
Bng 3: N K , N e theo vn tc tng tay s.

S dng cc cng thc tnh sau y lp bng tnh N f , N , N f + N theo vn tc
t Vmin n Vmax ( Vmax vn tc ch hn ch s vng qoay ):
Nf =
N =
G. f .V
.
270
K .F .V 3
.
3500
N f + N =
V
Nf
N
N f + N
V
Nf
N
N f + N
V
Nf
N
N f + N
G. f .V K .F .V 3
+
.
270
3500
3.784
5.677
5.816
7.569
8.724
8.938
9.461
11.35
3.204
0.005
4.806
0.015
4.924
0.017
6.408
0.037
7.386
0.056
7.568
0.06
8.01
0.072
9.612
0.124
3.209
11.63
4.822
13.25
4.941
13.41
6.445
13.74
7.442
14.54
7.628
15.14
8.082
17.03
9.736
17.45
9.848
0.133
11.21
0.197
11.35
0.204
11.63
0.219
12.31
0.26
12.82
0.293
14.42
0.418
14.77
0.449
9,982
17.88
11.41
20.36
11.56
20.61
11.85
21.11
12.57
22.35
13.11
23.26
14.84
26.17
15.22
26.81
14.14
0.483
17.23
0.714
17.45
0.74
17.87
0.796
18.92
0.944
19.7
1.065
22.16
1.517
22.7
1.631
15.62
17.95
18.19
18.67
19.92
20.76
23.68
24.33
14
V
Nf
N
N f + N
V
Nf
N
N f + N
27.47
31.42
31.67
34.34
35.75
40.22
41.21
42.22
23.26
1.754
26.49
2.59
26.81
2.686
29.08
3.426
30.27
3.886
34.05
5.505
34.89
5.921
35.75
6.368
25.02
48.08
29.08
52.78
29.5
54.95
32.5
61.82
34.14
63.33
39.56
73.89
40.81
84.44
42.12
95
40.71
9.402
44.69
12.44
46.52
14.03
52.34
19.98
53.62
21.49
62.56
34.13
71.5
50.94
80.43
72.53
50.11
57.12
60.56
72.32
75.11
96.69
122.4
153
Bng 4: Tnh N f , N , N f + N theo V .

T cc thng s tnh ton trn ta v th cn bng cng sut (hnh............).
Nk(KG.m)
Ne(m.l)
Ne
Nk2
Nk1
Nk4
Nk3
Nk5
Nf
Nf
21,223
31,269
67,874
46,069
95
v(km/h)
Hnh 2: th cn bng cng sut.

II/ Tnh ton ch tiu v lc ko ( PK ).
Phng trnh cn bng lc ko ca t khi chuyn ng tng qut trn dc vi y
cc thnh phn lc cc thnh phn lc cn c biu din theo dng sau:
PK = Pf + P Pi Pj + Pmk .
Trong :
15
PK - Lc ko tip tuyn cc bnh xe ch ng (kg).

Pf = f .G .-Lc cn ln (kg).
P =
K .F .V 3
. -Lc cn khng kh (kg).
13
Pi = f .G -Lc cn ln dc (kg).
Pj = ij .
G
.J -Lc cn tng tc (kg).
g
Pmk -Lc cn ko moc.
Tnh lc ko bnh xe ch ng tnh theo cng thc sau:

PK =
PK =
M e .i0 .ih .t
MK
=
.
rbx
rbx
716, 2.N e .ih .i0 .t

.
rbx .ne
y:
M k : Mmen xon bnh xe ch ng (KG.m).
rbx :Bn knh ln ca bnh xe ch ng (m).

M e :Mmen xn ca trc khuu ng c (KG.m).
N e :Cng sut ng c (m.l).
ne :S vng qoay ca ng c ng vi N e (v/f).
i0 :T s truyn ca truyn lc chnh.
ih :T s truyn tay s ang tnh ton ca hp s.
T cc thng s tnh c cc phn trn v cng thc (II) ta lp bng

PK theo vn tc ca tng tay s nh sau:
ne
Me
V1
PK1
V2
Pk2
V3
640
47.63
3.784
2577
5.816
1677
8.938
960
49.68
5.677
2688
8.724
1749
13.41
1280
50.91
7.569
2754
11.63
1792
17.88
1600
51.32
9.461
2777
14.54
1807
22.35
16
1920
50.91
11.35
2754
17.45
1792
26.81
2240
49.68
13.25
2686
20.36
1749
31.28
2560
47.63
15.14
2577
23.26
1677
35.75
2880
44.75
17.30
2412
26.17
1755
40.22
Pk3
V4
Pk4
V5
Pk5
1091
13.74
709.9
21.11
461.9
1138
20.61
740.5
31.67
481.8
1166
27.47
758.8
42.22
493.7
1176
34.34
764.9
52.38
497.7
1166
41.21
758.8
63.33
493.7
1138
48.08
740.5
73.89
481.8
1091
54.95
709.9
84.44
461.9
1025
61.82
667
95.0
434
Bng 5: PKtheo vn tc ca cc tay s .

V s dng cc cng thc sau y tnh Pf ,P v Pf + P nh sau:
Biu thc tnh lc cn ln : Pf = f.G
= 0,024.9525 = 228.6 (kG).
K .F .V 2
Biu thc tnh lc cn khng kh: P =
13
Vi : V- vn tc ca t t Vmin n Vmax .
K-H s cn khng kh K= 0,07.
F- Din tch cn chnh din F= 4,23 m2 . n gin trong
tnh ton P,P+Pf ta lp bng tnh sau:
V1
P
Pf+P
V2
P
Pf+P
V3
P
Pf+P
V4
P
Pf+P
V5
P
Pf+P
3.784
0.3262
228.93
5.816
0.077
228.68
8.938
0.182
228.78
13.74
0.4298
229.03
21.11
1.0151
229.62
5.677
0.734
229.3
8.724
0.1734
228.77
13.41
0.4094
229.01
20.61
0.967
229.57
31.67
2.284
230.88
7.569
1.0348
229.9
11.63
0.3082
228.91
17.88
0.7279
229.33
27.47
1.7192
230.32
42.22
4.0605
232.66
9.461
2.0388
230.64
14.54
0.4815
229.08
22.35
1.1373
229.74
34.34
2.6862
231.29
52.38
6.3445
234.94
11.35
2.9353
231.54
17.45
0.6934
229.29
26.81
1.6377
230.24
41.21
3.8681
232.47
63.33
9.1361
237.74
13.25
3.966
232.6
20.36
0.944
229.5
31.28
2.229
230.8
48.08
5.265
233.9
73.89
12.44
241
Bng 6: Cc gi tri ca Pw,Pw+Pf .
17
15.14
5.2192
233.82
23.26
1.2327
229.83
35.75
2.9115
231.51
54.95
6.8767
235.48
84.44
16.242
244.84
17.30
6.6056
235.21
26.17
1.5602
230.16
40.22
3.6849
232.28
61.82
8.7033
237.3
95.0
20.556
249.16
Pk1
(K G )
Pk1
2108,5 78
Pk2
1431,174
Pk3
971,3 98
Pk4
Pk5
6 59,32 2
4 47,507
Pf
Pf + P w
219,07 5
21,22 31,2 7 46 ,07
67 ,87
100
v ( k m / h)
III/ Tnh ton nhn t ng lc hc khi y ti (D) v thay i ti(Dx).

1.Xc nh nhn t ng lc hcD khi y ti Ge:
Khi so snh tnh cht ng lc hc ca cc loi t khc nhau v vi iu kin
lm vic khc nhau, ngi ta mong mun c c cc thng s m n th hin c
tnh cht ng lc hc ca t. Bi vy cn c cc thng s c trng tnh cht ng
lc hc ca t m cc ch s kt cu khng c mt trong thng s . Thng s l
nhn t ng lc hc ca t.
Nhn t ng lc hc ca t l t s gia lc ko tip tuyn P K tr i lc cn
khng kh P v chia cho trng lng ton b ca t (trng lng ton ti). T s
ny c k hiu bng "D" v c biu thc tnh nh sau:
D=
M e .i0 .t .it
PK P
W.V 2 1
=(
).
rbx
G
G
13
i
.j
g
18
(III.1).
duy tr cho t chuyn ng trong mt thi gian di cn tha mn iu kin

sau:
D
Nu tnh n khn nng trt qoay ca bnh xe ch ng trong qu trnh lm vic
th nhn t ng lc hccng b gii hn bi iu kin bm ca cc bnh xe ch ng
vi mt ng
Ta c lc ko tip tuyn ln nht ca cc bnh xe ch ng PKmax b gii hn theo
iu kin bm nh sau :
P PKmax
hay :
(1.1).
m. .G PKmax
V nhn t ng lc hc tnh theo iu kin bm nh sau:

P P
D = K
G
m. .G W.V 2
G
y:
D : Nhn t ng lc hc theo iu kin bm.
m : H s phn b ti trng.
cho t chuyn ng khng b trt qoay ca bnh xe ch ng trong mt thi
gian di th nhn t ng lc hc ca t phi thomn iu kin:
D D
(1.2).
Kt hp iu kin (1.1) v (1.2) duy tr cho t chuyn ng chng phi tha
mn iu kin sau:
D D
(1.3).
Vy gii hn ca thi D l biu thc (1.3).

xy dng th D cn phi lp bng tnh cc tr s trong phng trnh (III.1),
m trong trng hp ta ang tnh vi xe c 5 tay s th D phi c tnh cho 5 tay s:
Dn =
PKn Pn
G
Trong :
19
n : Tay s dang xt n= 1...5

Dn : Nhn t ng lc hc ng vi tay s ang xt.
PKn:Lc ko tip tuyn ng vi tay s ang xt.
Pwn:Lc cn khng kh ng vi tay s ang xt.
Cc gi tr nhn t ng lc hc "D" cc tay s c th hin trong bng ( 7 ),
trong bng c s dng cc cng thc sau tnh:
PK =
PK =
hay:
M e .i0 .ih .t
MK
=
.
rbx
rbx
716, 2.N e .ih .i0 .t

.
rbx .ne
P =
v D =
V1
PK1
P1
D1
V2
PK2
P 1
D2
V3
Pk3
P 3
D3
V4
Pk4
P 4
D4
V5
Pk5
P 5
D5
3.784
2577
0.3262
0.2705
5.816
1677
0.077
0.176
8.938
1091
0.182
0.1145
13.74
709.9
0.4298
0.0745
21.11
461.9
1.0151
0.0484
K .F .V 2
13
M e .i0 .t .it
PK P
W.V 2 1
=(
).
rbx
G
G
13
5.677
2688
0.734
0.2821
8.724
1749
0.1734
0.1836
13.41
1138
0.4094
0.1194
20.61
740.5
0.967
0.0776
31.67
481.8
2.284
0.0503
7.569
2754
1.0348
0.289
11.63
1792
0.3082
0.1881
17.88
1166
0.7279
0.1224
27.47
758.8
1.7192
0.0795
42.22
493.7
4.0605
0.0514
9.461
2777
2.0388
0.2913
14.54
1807
0.4815
0.1896
22.35
1176
1.1373
0.1233
34.34
764.9
2.6862
0.08
52.38
497.7
6.3445
0.0516
20
11.35
2754
2.9353
0.2889
17.45
1792
0.6934
0.1881
26.81
1166
1.6377
0.1223
41.21
758.8
3.8681
0.0793
63.33
493.7
9.1361
0.0509
13.25
2686
3.966
0.282
20.36
1749
0.944
0.184
31.28
1138
2.229
0.119
48.08
740.5
5.265
0.077
73.89
481.8
12.44
0.049
15.14
2577
5.2192
0.27
23.26
1677
1.2327
0.1759
35.75
1091
2.9115
0.1142
54.95
709.9
6.8767
0.0738
84.44
461.9
16.242
0.0468
17.30
2412
6.6056
0.2535
26.17
1755
1.5602
0.1652
40.22
1025
3.6849
0.1072
61.82
667
8.7033
0.0619
95.0
434
20.556
0.0434
Bng 7: Cc gi tr nhn t ng lc hc D
2. Xc nh nhn t ng lc hc DX khi ty trng ca t thay i:
phn 1 phn ny ta tnh ton nghin cu c tnh ng lc hc ca t tng
ng vi trng hp t ti y. Nhng trong qu trnh s dng thc t, khng phi
lc no t cng ch ti y v trng lng hng ha cng nh hng khch c th
thay i trong mt phm vi kh ln. Khi biu thc xc nh nhn t ng lc hc
ca t c xc nh sau:
PK P
.
Gx
Dx =
T biu thc tnh (III.1) v biu thc trn ta nhn xt rng:

Gi tr nhn t ng lc hc ca ot t l nghch vi t trng lng ton b ca
n. Diu ny cho php chng ta xc nh nhn t ng lc hc ca t tng ng vi
ti trng thay i bt k no theo cng thc:
Dx.Gx =D.G
hay:
Dx = D.
G
.
Gx
y:
Gx: Ti trng mi ca t.
Gx = G0 + Gex
G0: T trng ca ot.
thun li cho vic v tk Dx ta lp bng xc nh cc tia ti ng vi cc
gc theo cng thc:
tg =
GXK
G
Trong : K- ng vi ch s ti trng (%).

cho n gin trong tnh ton cc gi tr ca c th hin trong bng sau:
%G
0%
20%
40%
GX
4525 5525 6525
GX/Ge 0.475 0.58 0.685
25.412 30.118 34.413
50%
7025
0.738
36.41
21
60% 80% 100% 110%

7525 8525 9525 10025
0.79 0.895
1
1.053
38.31 41.829 45
46.524
%G 120% 130% 140% 150% 160% 170% 180% 190%

GX
10525 11025 11525 12025 12525 13025 13525 14025
GX/Ge 1.105 1.158 1.21 1.263 1.315 1.368 1.42 1.473
47.855 49.175 50.427 51.617 52.748 53.823 54.845 55.818

Bng 8: Cc gi tr ca gc tia
100%120%140%160%180%
90%
80%
D1
60%
50%
40%
20%
D2
0%
D3
D4
D5
DX
21,223 31,264 46,069
67,874
V(km /h)
IV/ Tnh ton khn nng tng tc ca t:

1/Xc nh khn nng gia tc ca t:
Nh th nhn t ng lc hc D = f(V) ta c th xc nh c s tng tc ca
t khi h s cn ca mt ng bit v khi chuyn ng mt s truyn bt k
vi mt vn tc bit.
T biu thc( III.1) khi bit c h s cn tng cng ca mt ng , nhn t
ng lc hc D ta xc nh khn nng tng tc nh sau:
D= +
i
.j
g
22
T ta rt ra:
j=
dv
g
= ( D ) .
dt
j
Khi t chuyn ng trn ng bng (gc dc = 0) ngha l = f cng thc

trn c th vit :
jm =
Trong :
( Dm f ) .g
(IV.1)
im
m- Ch s ng vi s truyn ang tnh m =1 5.

D - Nhn t ng lc hc khi t y ti.
im -h s k n nh hng ca khi lng qoay.
c tnh theo cng thc : im =1,04 + a .i2hm .i vi t ti a nm trong khong

thc nghim sau a = 0,05 0,07 v ta chn a = 0,05 nn ta c:
im =1,04 + 0,05. i2hm
g - Gia tc trng trng ( g =9,81 m/gy2)

f -H s cn ln ( f =0,024).
thun li trong tnh ton ta lp bng tnh im v ihm cho cc tay s nh sau :
Tay s
ih
i2h
im
I
5.5785
31.119
2.596
II
3.6298
13.176
1.6988
III
2.3619
5.5785
1.3189
IV
1.5368
2.3619
1.1581
V
1
1
1.09
Bng 9: Gi tr ca im theo cc s.
T cc thng s im bng (9) ta s dng cng thc tnh (IV.1) lp bng gia tc
cc tay s :
V1
D1-f
j1
V2
D2-f
j2
V3
3.784
0.2465
0.9314
5.816
0.152
0.8777
8.938
5.677
0.2581
0.9753
8.724
0.1596
0.9215
13.41
7.569
0.265
1.0015
11.63
0.1641
0.9477
17.88
9.461
0.2673
1.0101
14.54
0.1656
0.9563
22.35
23
11.35
0.2649
1.0009
17.45
0.1641
0.9474
26.81
13.25
0.258
0.974
20.36
0.16
0.921
31.28
15.14
0.246
0.9295
23.26
0.1519
0.877
35.75
17.30
0.2295
0.8672
26.17
0.1412
0.8155
40.22
D3-f
j3
V4
D4-f
j4
V5
D5-f
j5
0.0905
0.6732
13.74
0.0505
0.4276
21.11
0.0244
0.2195
0.0954
0.7097
20.61
0.0536
0.4544
31.67
0.0263
0.2371
0.0984
0.7315
27.47
0.0555
0.47
42.22
0.0274
0.2467
0.0993
0.7385
34.34
0.056
0.4746
52.38
0.0276
0.2483
0.0983 0.095 0.0902

0.7308 0.708 0.6711
41.21 48.08 54.95
0.0553 0.053 0.0498
0.4681 0.451 0.4219
63.33 73.89 84.44
0.0269 0.0250 0.0228
0.2419 0.2270 0.2951
0.0832
0.6191
61.82
0.0451
0.3822
95.0
0.0194
0.1747
Bang 10: gia toc cac tay so

2/ Xc nh thi gian tng tc & qung ng tng tc ca t:
Nh th nhn t ng lc hc ca t chng ta s xc nh c s tng tc
ca t qua th j = f (v) v cng t y ta xc nh c thi gian tng tc v
qung ng tng tc ca chng. y l ch tiu quan trng nh gi cht lng
ng lc hc ca t:
A > Xc nh thi gian tng tc ca t:
T biu thc: j =
dV
dt
1
dt = .dV
j
Ta suy ra:
;
;
Vy thi gian tng tc ca t t tc V1 n tc V2 s l:

t =
V2
V1
1
.dV ;
j
Tch phn ny khng th gii c bng phng php gii tch, do n khng
c quan h ph thuc chnh xc v gii tch gia s tng gia tc j v vn tc chuyn
ng ca chng. Nhng tch phn ny c th gii c bng phng php th da
trn c s c tnh ng lc hc hoc nh vo th gia tc ca t j = f (v) .
tin hnh xc nh thi gian tng tc ca t theo phng php tch phn bng
th th ta cn phi xy dng c th ng cong gia tc ngc mi s truyn
khc nhau, ngha l xy dng c th
1
= f (V) ;
j
24
Trong qu trnh tnh ton v xy dng th, ta cn lu rng:

+> Ti vn tc ln nht ca t Vmaxth gi tr gia tc j = 0 v do
1
=
j
Vi vy trong tnh ton ta ch ly gi tr vn tc ca t trong khong t V min n

0,95.Vmax .
+>Ti vn tc nh nht Vmin th ly tr s t=0 ;
Phng php tch phn bng th cn gi l phng php tch phn gn ng v
c thc hin theo cc bc nh sau:
-Xy dng thi gia tc ngc bng cch s dng cc gi tr gia tc bng (10) Ta
lp bng gi tr tnh biu thc
1
= f (V) theo vn tc ca cc tay s, (i vi tay s
jm
5 gia tr gia tc ch xt n 95%Vmaxnh ni trn).

Vy cc gi tr gia tc ngc c th hin trong bng sau y:
V1
j1
1/j1
V2
j2
1/j2
V3
j3
1/j3
V4
j4
1/j4
V5
j5
1/j5
3.784
0.9314
1.0736
5.816
0.9314
1.1393
8.938
0.6732
1.4854
13.74
0.4276
2.3384
21.11
0.2195
4.5563
5.677
0.9753
1.0253
8.724
0.9753
1.0852
13.41
0.7097
1.409
20.61
0.4544
2.2008
31.67
0.2371
4.2178
7.569
1.0015
0.9985
11.63
1.0015
1.0552
17.88
0.7315
1.367
27.47
0.47
2.1275
42.22
0.2467
4.0535
9.461
1.0101
0.99
14.54
1.0101
1.0457
22.35
0.7385
1.354
34.34
0.4746
2.1069
52.38
0.2483
4.0274
11.35 13.25
1.0009 0.974
0.9991 1.027
17.45 20.36
1.0009 0.974
1.0555 1.086
26.81 31.28
0.7308 0.708
1.3683 1.412
41.21 48.08
0.4681 0.451
2.1362 2.219
63.33 73.89
0.2419 0.2270
4.1339 4.396
15.14
0.9295
1.0759
23.26
0.9295
1.1402
35.75
0.6711
1.4902
54.95
0.4219
2.3702
84.44
0.2951
4.8759
17.30
0.8672
1.1531
26.17
0.8672
1.2263
40.22
0.6191
1.6153
61.82
0.3822
2.6165
95.0
0.1747
5.7249
Bang 11: gia tri gia toc nguoc

Sau khi xy dng bng gi tr gia tc ngc v v c thi gia tc ngc. Ta
chia trn th gia tc ngc thnh n khong u nhau c vn tc bin thin t V min
n 95%Vmax , sau ta tnh din tch trn th gia tc ca cc khong bin thin
25
kt hp cng thc biu din mi lin h gia thi gian tng tc vi din tch ca
khong vn tc ta tm ra c thi gian tng tc ca khong bin thin vn tc ta
ang xt.
i vi xe chng ta ang xt c V max=100km/h nhng ta ch xt n
0,95Vmax=95km/h, Vmin ng vi gi tr vn tc nh nht tay s mt nn
Vmin=4,7163km/h .
- tnh din tch khong th i no trn th (i=1 k) ta s dng cng thc tnh
F i = Vi .
sau:
1
jtbi
Vn dng cng thc trn ta c mi lin h gia thi thi gian tng tc v din tch
s l:
k
t =
Fi =
i =1
t . j
i =1
.v . 1 .
tbi
1
(sec) ;
3, 6
trong :
Vi - L khong vn tc th i i+1 ;
Vi = Vi+1- Vi
(km/h).
jtbi -L gia tc trung bnh t khong i n i+1;

jtbi =
ji +1 + ji
2
(m/s2).
V - T l xch ca vn tc V trn trc th :

V =
sokm / h
.
mm
t -T l xch ca thi gian tng tc trn trc th

t = (s giy)/mm
cho n gin trong tnh ton ta lp bng tnh gi tr din tch v thi gian tng
tc nh sau:
26
B/ Xc nh qung ng tng tc:

Sau khi lp c th quan h ph thuc gia thi gian tng tc t v vn tc
chuyn ng ca t V, ta c th xc nh c qung ng tng tc ca t V i
c ng vi thi gian tng tc :
T biu thc :
V = dS/dt
ta rt ra c : dS = V.dt ;
Vy qong ng tng tc S ca t i t vn tc Vi n vn tc Vi+1 s l:
27
S =
Vi +1
Vi
(m)
V .dt
Tch phn ny cng khng th gii c bng phng php gii tch, do n cng
khng c mi quan h ph thuc chnh xc v gii tch gia thi gian tng tc vi
vn tc chuyn ca t. V vy chng ta cng p dng phng php gii bng th
trn c s thi gian tng tc v cng thc tnh tch phn gn ng tnh S .
Cng lp lun nh phn A, da vo th t-V ta chia Vmin n Vmax thnh 18
khong mi khong tng ng vi 5 km.
Vy qung ng trong mt khong n bt k s c xc nh nh sau:
Si =
Vi +1
Vi
(m) ;
Vdt
V tng qung ng m t tng tc i c l:

K
S=
Si =
i =1
( F .T .V .
i=1
1
)=
3, 6
t .V
i =1
TBi
.t .V .
1
(m) ;
3, 6
Trong :
i- Khong thi gian th i (i c ly t Vmin 0,95Vmax ).
t- Khong th gian t Vi n Vi+1 :
t = ti+1 - ti
VTB =
Vi + Vi +1
2
(km/h);
t = (s giy)/mm :T l xch ca thi gian tng tc trn th.

V - T l xch ca vn tc V trn trc th :
V =
sokm / h
.
mm
Lp bng tnh cc Si vi Fi = ti.Vtbi (mm2)

S = F. V .S .
1
3, 6
(m) ;
T cc lp lun trn ta i n lp bng gi tr qung ng tng tc sau:
28
Vi cc gi tr c bng( ) ta v th qung ng tng tc vi t l xch ly

theo bn v giy .............nh sau:
S = s
m
: Biu din theo trc tung .
mm
V = s
km / h
:biu din theo trc honh.
mm
29

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THUYT MINH BA TP LN T

GIO VIN BO V :..................................................................................................

n=3 ngi (1 li 2 ph)

G = 4300 + 5000 + 75.3 = 9525 (kg)

II/ Chn ng c v xy dng ng c tnh ngoi

cng sut cho thit

y : G=9525 kg , trng lng ton ti.

Ta chn K = 0,07KG. gy 2 m4 (thng s chn).

m - H s in y din tch cn khng kh.

t - Hiu sut truyn lc . i vi t ti

T cc thng s c trn thay vo cng thc (1) ta c :

1 9525.0, 024.95 0, 07.4, 23.953

sut ng c em th trong iu kin th nghim thiu cc b phn: tiu m, qut gi,

III/ Xy dng ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c xng c hn ch s vng qoay.

Ta chn nv = 0,9.nN v vi N v tnh t cng thc (1) ta xc nh cng sut cc

Vi nN = 3200 v/p v t s chn nv = 0,9.nN ta xc nh c s vng qoay ch

a,b,c - hng s thc nghim. i vi ng c xng :

. M theo thc nghim i vi

Khi xy dng c th N e = f ( ne ) ta c th xy dng th mmen qoay ca

cho n gian trong tnh ton ta lp bng quan h N e , M e theo ne ri t v

114.7 136.5 155.4 170.2 180 183.4 201.8

Bng 1: Mi quan h N e , M e theo ne .

( v / ph ) - biu din theo trc honh.

+ i vi cng sut : Ne = 1,987634

i0 - T s truyn ca truyn lc chnh .

Do ta ang xt xe c s truyn cao nht l s truyn thng nn ih=1.

rbx -Bn knh ln ca bnh xe : rbx = .r0

+ r0 : Bn knh thit k ca lp : r0 = ( B + ).25, 4 (mm)

II/ Xc nh t s truyn cc tay s trung gian ca hp s.

Khai trin hai v ta c :

-Theo iu kin m bo cho bnh xe ch ng khng b trt qoay:

Khai trin hai v ta c :

M ihI li c xc nh theo iu kin cn chuyn ng v c kim

iu kin kim tra :

rbx :Bn knh ln ca bnh xe .

G: Trng lng ton ti ca t.

So snh gi tr M e bng I ta c M emax = 51,32 (m.l)

+ G2 :Trng lng tnh tc dng cu ch ng ( cu sau).

+ m: H s phn b ti trng m = 1,1 1,3

Vy : max = 0,024 + tg15 = 0,2919

T cc thng s trn ta c : ihI =

9525.0, 2919.0, 451231

V iu kin kim tra:

Ta thy ihI = 5,577< 9,21 tha mn iu kin vy ta chn ihI = 5,577

Ta ang tnh vi xe c 5 tay s, tay s cui cng ih 5 l s truyn thng

Theo cng thc : N K = N e N r = Net .

trong h thng truyn lc.

N j : Cng sut tiu hao cho lc cn qun tnh khi tng tc

N i :Cng sut tiu hao cho lc cn ln dc.

N :Cng sut tiu hao cho lc cn khng kh.

N m : Cng sut tiu hao cho lc cn ko moc.

Ta ang xt vi xe khng ko moc nn N m =0.

Ta ang xt vi xe 5 tay s nn n=1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5.

ihI = 5,577 ; ih 2 = 3,629 ; ih 3 = 2,362 ; ih 4 = 1,537 ; ih 5 = 1 .

cho n gin ta lp bng tnh V cc tay s theo ne nh sau :

Bng 2: Tc chuyn ng V ca cc tay s theo ne .

Do N K = N K 1 = N K 2 = NK 3 = NK 4 = NK 5 = Ne .t nn ta lp chung cng mt bng

Bng 3: N K , N e theo vn tc tng tay s.

Bng 4: Tnh N f , N , N f + N theo V .

Hnh 2: th cn bng cng sut.

PK - Lc ko tip tuyn cc bnh xe ch ng (kg).

Pmk -Lc cn ko moc.

Tnh lc ko bnh xe ch ng tnh theo cng thc sau: