(associative learning)

) I.Pavlov

( NCS1) CS1) (

-1.
(E.L.Thorndike )

2.

(B.F.Skinner)

3.
  

( ( (

) ) )

 

(schedule of reinforcement) VS.

 

4.

5.

&

6.
(modification)

    

(learned helplessness)

1.
 E.C.Tolman

Tolman (


(Latent learning)

S-R


2.
W. Kohler

3
(Albert Bandura 1986 2002)

(


vicarious learning)

 

 

1. 3. 4.
( ( ) )

2.