( )

... ..
. ..

).

, , ,
.

(),

[13].
-, - ,

.
2
,


[4, 5].

,

(),
. 1.
, ,

(),

,
.


.

.


[67]. ,
,

)
.

,


.


1971
NG-18 [8]. ,
:

flow
A0

D
1 A M 1

A0

(1)

A0=d; d ; , D
; P
; flow ; A

-
().

()

()

. 1. () ()

:
3

M 1 2, 5 lsp2 0,54 lsp4

s ; lsp

(2)

s2
.
D

(2),
, .
(1)(2) 1974
lsp>2
[9]:

M 1 3, 2 lsp2

(3)

NG-18
. ,
RSTRENG (1989) [10]
:

1 2,51 l 2 0, 054 l 4 , l 2 12,5

sp
sp
sp
M
2
2
0,128 lsp 3,3, lsp 12,5

(4)

x2

A x dx

(5)

x1

x1, x2 .
RSTRENG

, 20 .
4

,
[11, 12]


ANSI/ASME B31G (1991) [13].

, (1):

1,1 SMYS 2
F
D

1,1 SMYS 2
F
D

2 d

3
, l 2 5;

ps
2
d
1
1 M
3

d
1 , l ps2 5;

(6)

SMYS
; F ,
0,72.
(3).
(6) ,
( , A=2/3ds),

flow 1,1 SMYS .

(7)

,
,
,
.
ANSI/ASME B31G
American Gas Association (AGA)
5

 [13].
,
, :

1 0,85

1,1 SMYS 2

PF

,
D
1 0,85 d M 1

(8)

2
4
9,1;
1 0, 03797 0, 01936 , 1, 285
M
D
0,01936 2 3,3, 9,1;

(9)

(8), ANSI/ASME B31G

A=0,85ds,
(A=ds).

,
NG-18 (1).
,
, flow. ,
,
,
(5). , (7)
[9]:

 flow

1,15 SMYS ;

0,5 SMYS SMTS ;

SMYS 69 ;

x SMTS , x 0, 9;1, 0;1,1 ;

(10)

SMTS
.
NG-18

RAM PIPE REQUAL (1999) [14],

(IMP). :

2, 4 SMTS
D SCF

(11)

2d
D

SCF 1 2

(11) , .

RAM PIPE REQUAL
AGA. ,
, , ,
,
.
DNV-RP-F101 (1999)
,

[15].
, DNV-RP-F101
AGA,
7

 ,
.

:

2 B 1 d
P 1, 05

D 1 d

(12)

2
Q 1 1, 24 lsp , B .

(12) NG-18 (1),

(

).

( (3)
),
Q.
PCORRC
(2000),
,
[11, 16].
:

2 B d
P
1 1 exp

0,157 s
.
D d

2

(13)

DNV-RP-F101 PCORRC
,
.
8

(.. -).
API 579 (2000) [17],
, (1),
p ,
.
d
Rs ,
p

(14)

1, 285 s

0, 2, A D 0,3475
p

Rs

0,9
0,9

0,9

1,
0

1, 0 0, 48 A2
1, 0 0, 48 A2

(15)

, A 0,3475

[1719]:

PD

p 2 SMYS F E T
d
j

ASME B31.8: Fd 0, 4...0,8;

E 0, 6...1, 0;
j
T 0,867...1, 000;

(16)

Fd ; Ej
; T
.

PD

p 2 SMYS 103 F E L T
d
j
f

Fd 0,8;

CSA Z662-99: E j 0, 6...1, 0;

L f 0,5...1, 0;
T 0,87...1,00;

(17)

Lj , .

PD

G
p
2 T Fd
AS 2885.1:
F 0, 72;
d

(18)

G , , ,
.

PD

c1 c2 ;
p
2 zul N
DIN 2413:
SMYS S ;
zul

(19)

N
; S ; zul
; 1
, ; 2
,
.
(16) (19), p API 579

, ,
, ,
10

.
(14) (15).
API 579
,

),
[12]:

s 3,891 D d

min 0,8 D; D 2,5

(20)

.
: d=20 , D=1420 , s=200 ,
=7 , SMYS(=T)=320 , SMTS(=B)=680 ( 171), Fd=0,72
(
), Ej=0,6 ( ), T=1,0 (
140 0). ,

. ,
,
ASME B31.8
(16).
. 2
.
,
11

RAM PIPE REQUAL, , ,

(11) .
ANSI/ASME B31G API 579. ,
API 579
s, .., ,
,

.

. 2.

,
. 3. . 3
d0.

.
, . 3, (d0)

API 579,
12

, RAM PIPE REQUAL).

.
,
,

.

. 3.

. 4
(

T B 380 620 const ).

.

, ,
[21, 22].

13

 - ,
.
,
.

. 4.

, ,
-
, 39-1.10-004-99
(1999) [23].

:

0 i

1
0f if
0 zz rr 3

zz

(21)

zz rr rr ; 0 f
14

jj j z , , r

if

(. . 1).

(21)

.


- .

:

0 max , zz , rr 0

1
0u
iu

0u

(22)

iu

.
(21) (22) ,
, .
. 5,

.
, (21)(22)

.
, 39-1.10-004-99, ,
,
,
,
. ,
15

 (21)-(22) ,
,
(,
), .

. 5. (
180-360 ) 39-1.10-004-99 (
)

,
, 0 f , if , 0u , iu ,

. ,
. .. [24].

,

.
,
[25]:

16

 1 A dV
1 exp
, 1 A

V B V0

(23)

p ; A, B,
, V0 ;
V , ; 1
.
-
28
171,
. 6 [26]. A=0,5(+
)=500 ; B=1200 ; =4,0; V0=0,05 3.

. 6.
() ()
: 1 9 ; 2 10 ; 3
11 ; 4 12

,

. ,
, , ,
.
17

.
1.

.
.
2.

. , ,

RAM
PIPE REQUAL, ANSI/ASME B31G API 579
.
3.

,
.
4.

,
-

. ,
,

.

:
1.

. ,

. : , 1965. 676 .

18

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//.. , .. ,

.. . .: , 1988. 368 .
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- .

. .. . : -, 1998. 271 .
4.

Anderson T.L. Fracture Mechanics. Fundamentals and applications.

Washington: CRC Press, 1995. 680 p.

5.

Sabapathy P.N., Wahab M.A., Painter M.J. The prediction of burn-through

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6.

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Janelle J.L. An overview and validation of the fitness-for-service

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Escoe A. K. Piping and pipelines. Assessment Guide. Texas: Gulf

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13.

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. //.. , .. ,
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21