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-1-

UnderWarriorProject

 f ( x, y, z )ds f ( x, y, z)dl :

:
b

f ( x, y, z )ds = f (r (t ))i r (t ) dt

:
C
F
F 1
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) f ( x, y 2- ""
XY .
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)) r (t ) = ( x(t ), y(t ), z (t r (t ) = x(t )2 + y(t ) 2 + z (t )2

f (r (t )) = f ( x(t ), y (t ), z (t )) :
/ a t b :t
) t (

:
(1 y=f(x) ::
b

2
F ( x, y)ds = F ( x, f ( x)) 1 + f ( x) dx

(2 )) ( , ( ) F(x,y:

( ) 2 + ( )2 d

)) F ( x, y)ds = F ( ( ) cos( ), ( )sin(

1

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-2-

UnderWarriorProject

) II(

F idr Pdx + Qdy + Rdz

C

:
b

F idr = F (r (t )) r(t )dt

Pdx + Qdy + Rdz = ( Px(t ) + Qy(t ) + Rz(t ) ) dt

:
C!
F
F :C ,
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F i dr = F i dr
BA

AB

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( - )) r (t ) = ( x(t ), y (t ), z (t
( )) r (t ) = ( x(t ), y(t ), z (t
( ) (
) F (r (t )) r (t
( ,
.
( .
:
(1 y=f(x) ::
b

Pdx + Qdy = ( P( x(t ), y(t )) x(t ) + Q( x(t ), y (t )) y(t ) ) dt

(2 ) y(x a x b:
b

Pdx + Qdy = ( P ( x, y ( x)) + Q( x, y ( x )) y( x) ) dx

C

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UnderWarriorProject

F ( x, y, z)ds
S

dudv

F ( x, y, z )ds = F ( x(u, v), y (u, v), z (u, v)) r r

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F
F 1 A( S ) = ds
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( - ))r (u , v) = ( x (u , v), y (u , v), z (u , v
( rv , ru

( ru rv ru rv
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( F (r (u, v)) ru rv dudv

( ) (

:
(1 z = f ( x, y ) : :

)) r ( x, y ) = ( x, y, z ( x, yrx ry = z x2 + z 2y + 1 , rx ry = ( z x , z y ,1) :
z x2 + z 2y + 1dxdy :

)) F ( x, y, z)ds = F ( x, y, z( x, y
S

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UnderWarriorProject

) II(

F inds
F ids
S

:
= F (r (u, v))i(ru rv )dudv = F ( x (u, v), y (u, v), z (u, v)) ru rv dudv
F inds
D

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S : : ,
: Z
F
: .
:
( - ))r (u, v) = ( x (u, v), y (u, v), z (u, v
( rv , ru
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ru rv
, ru rv , .
? ,Z
F (r (u, v)) ru rv dudv
u v
F iru rv dudv

:
(1 z = f ( x, y ) : r ( x, y ) = ( x, y, z ( x, y )) :

rx ry = ( z x , z y ,1) : . F irx ry dxdy = ( Pzx Qz y + R)dxdy :

(2 ,
) ) n = (0, 0,1 (Z=0 F in ,

F inds

.X,Y,Z

:
) !!!( .
) (F .II

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UnderWarriorProject

 Py )dxdy

F idr = (Q

:
Q( x, y ) , P ( x, y ) C (1 ) " (
- D (2 , C
(3 , C
1

) ( Py )dxdy

F idr = (Q

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F idr = ( F )inds

:
F ( x, y, z ) C (1 ) (S
- S (2 , C
(3 C n S
1

) (II

F idr = ( F )inds
S

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F ids = i Fdxdydz

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F ( x, y, z ) C (1
V (2 , - S
(3 S V
1

) (

= (i F )dxdydz
F inds
V

) (II

= (i F )dxdy
F inds

-:

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F ( x, y ) C (1 XY
D (2 , C
(3 n C D
1

) (

= (i F ) dxdy
F inds
D

) II ?(

: C XY , x 0 S C
,Z S " 2 xi L L - x ,C X
.C
f
: f ( x, y, z ) C 2 " 2 )( fdxdydz
= S ndS
V
: f ( x, y, z ) C 2 ) f = f xx + f yy + f zz = 0(
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UnderWarriorProject

 : F ( P, Q, R ) C 2 i( F ) = 0
) (4 :
3
F ( x, y , z ) = ( P, Q, R) : ) V( -

(1 C V F idr = 0

]- [ Pdx + Qdy = 0
C

F = ( P, Q, R) (2 V -
(3 U ( x, y, z ) C1 V ) U = F = ( P, Q, R

)F idr = U ( B) U ( A

]- )Pdx + Qdy = U ( B ) U ( A

A B

A B

(4 F C 1 ) V (
" F = 0 ] V 3- [ Qx Py 0
: P ( x, y ), Q( x, y ) C1 } D \{0,0 ) Px = Qy(

D Pdx + Qdy = 0

F = Pi + Qj .

: F ) i F = 0
(
: F . F = 0

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UnderWarriorProject