Digital Main Lecture

Basic Digital Technology
1
B mn in t vin thng khoa in in t
GV: Nguyn Lng Thanh Tng
K THUT S
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
Thi gian: 45 tit
GV: Nguyn Lng Thanh Tng.
2
GOALS:
Chng 1: Khi nim logic hc v h
thng s.(9 T)
Chng 2: i s boole v cc cng
Logic c bn(3T).
Chng 3: H t hp-combination logic
circuit (12T)
Chng 4: Flip-Flop v h tun t(9)
Chng 5: Cc b nh bn dn(3)
3
CHNG 1: LOGIC HC V H
THNG S
GOALS
1.1 Khi nim v logic hc
1.2 Cc mnh logic hc
1.3 H thng s
H thp phn
H nh phn
H bt phn
H thp lc phn
Cc phng php biu din qua li gia cc h
s.
begin
4
CHNG 1: LOGIC HC V H
THNG S
GOALS
1.4 Cc php ton trn h nh phn
1.5 Cc m nh phn thng dng
5
1.1 Khi nim logic hc
Thut ng Logic xut pht t trit hc c
ngha l ng hay sai (True or False).
Ni n Logic hc l ni n m hnh
nhn qu.
H THNG(SYSTEM)
Nguyn nhn
(CAUSION)
Kt qu
(Result)
Rng buc tc ng
(Constrains relative)
6
Nguyn nhn: l nhng tc ng chnh
vo h thng sinh ra kt qu.
Tc ng rng buc: l nhng yu t tc
ng vo h thng lm nh hng n
kt qu ng ra.
Kt qu l ci chnh chng ta mong
mun khi chng ta thit k h thng s
(digital system).
7
Nhn cng tt th qu cng tt v t chu
s tc ng t nhng rng buc vo h
thng.
Khi tp Nhn b m i th ta phi xy
dng li tp nhn bng cch ly kt qu
c lm nhn mi trong h thng
cascade.
Khi tp rng buc b m ta cng xy
dng li m hnh rng buc trong sng
hn
8
Rng buc tc ng
H thng qu kh
Nguyn nhn
(CAUSION)
Kt qu
(Result)
Rng buc tc ng
H thng qu kh
Nhn Mi
(CAUSION)
Kt qu
(Result)
9
1.2 Cc mnh logic hc
1.2.1 Mnh ph nh
1.2.2 Mnh v
Mnh X c gi l v ca hai
mnh A v B khi v ch khi: A,B cng
ng th X ng.
1.2.3 Mnh hoc.
Mt trong hai A,B ng th X ng.
A
X= A B .
X= A B v
10
1.2 mnh logic hc
1.2.4 nh l morgan.
Ph nh mnh v tng ng vi
mnh hoc ca cc ph nh thnh phn
Ph nh mnh hoc tng ng vi
mnh v cc ph nh thnh phn
A B A B
A B A B
. = v
v = .
11
1.3 H thng s
1.3.1 H thng s thp phn.
Tt c mi s thp phn c biu din
bng cc s: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 .
Cu trc nh dng s thp phn:
1 2 1 0 1 2
1 0
1 0
1
1
...... , ...
*10 *10 ... *10
*10 ... *10
n n n m
n n
n n
m
m
d d d d d d d d
d d d
d d

=
= + + +
+ + +
3 2 1 0
exp: 2 3 4 1234= 1*10 *10 *10 *10 + + +
12
1.3.2 H thng s nh phn
c biu din bi hai s : 0 v 1.
Cu trc nh dng s nh phn
1 1 0 1 2
1 0
1 0
1
1
...... , ...
*2 *2 ... *2
*2 ... *2

n n m
n n
n n
m
m
b b bb b b b
b b b
b b

=
= + + +
+ + +
4 3 2 1 0
exp : 1* 0* 1* 1* 11011= 1*2 2 2 2 2 + + + +
13
1.3.3 H thng bt phn
c to t 8 s: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7.
Cu trc s bt phn:
1 1 0 1 2
1 0 1
1 0 1
3 2 1 0
...... , ...
*8 *8 ... *8 *8 ... *8
exp: 2 3 4 1234= 1*8 *8 *8 *8
n n m
n n m
n n m
o o oo o o o
o o o o o

=
= + + + + + +
+ + +
14
1.3.4 H thp lc phn (Hexa)
c biu din bi 16 s:
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
Cu trc s hexa:
1 1 0 1 2
0 1
0 1
3 2 1 0
...... , ...
*16 ... *16 *16 ... *16
exp : 2 4 12B4 = 1*16 *16 *16 *16
n n m
n m
n m
h
h h h h h h h
h h h h
B

=
= + + + + +
+ + +
15
1.3.5 Biu din qua li gia cc h s
A. DecBin(binary)
B. BinHexa
C. Hexa Bin
D. Octo BinHexaDec.
16
B. DecBin(binary)
9 4 3 2 1 0
543 2
543 1000011111
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
512 16 8 4 2 1
31 15 7 3 1
= +
=
17
BinHecxa
11100000111011010
1| 1100 | 0001| 1101| 1010
1 C 1 D A
so: 11100000111011010 1 1 C DA
=
=
=
18
Hecxa Bin
23 1 2 | 3 | | | 1
0010 0011 1010 1111 0001
so: 23 1 00100011101011110001
AF A F
AF
=
=
19
OctoBinHecDec.
2376 2 | 3 | 7 | 6
010 011 111 110
==> bin: 010011111110
= 0100 | 1111 | 1110
= 4 F E
==> hec
Oct
=
2 1
: 4FE
==> dec: 4*16 +15*16 +14=1278
20
Trng s l g?
Ch v tr ca con s trong h thng s.
Bit v tr cao nht l MSB(trng s ln
nht)
bit v tr thp nht l LSB (trng s thp
nht).
| |
==> bin: 010011111110
MSB LSB
21
Biu din s c du trong h thng
nh phn.
Nh phn khng du n bit: 0 (2^n)-1)
V d: s nh phn 8 bit khng du c gi tr t
0255
Nh phn c du c n bit : -2^(n-1)2^(n-1)-1
V d: s c du 8 bit c gi tr trong tm: -
128127
Bit MSB l bit du. MSB=0: s nh phn dng.
MSB =1: s nh phn m.
22
V d
Xt khng du:
8
|
8 1
sign:
11010100 = 212
01100110 = 102
sign:
11010100 (2 212) (256 212) 44
(sign bit =1 -> negative)
01100110 = 102 (102<127=2 -1)
(sign bit = 0 ->positive)
no
has
= = =
23
Nhn xt s c du v khng du
Cch tnh s c du
Lu i vi s c du
MSB = 1 l s m
MSB = 0 l s dng
5
==> signed number has value = [-(2 -(no sign value)]
exp: 10101 => no signed value = 21
so: signed value of A=-(2 21) 11
n
A =
=
24
Php b 1
L php o tt c cc bt ca s nh
phn. (0->1, 1->0)
V d:
1001001
0110110
+
25
Php b 2
= (php b 1) + 1
Khng tnh bit trn
1001000 (A)
0110111 (bu 1 of A)
+ 1
0111000 (b 2 of A)
+
1000 (B)
0111 (bu 1 of B)
+ 1
1000 (bu 2 of B)
+
26
Php cng nh phn khng du
Cng tng bit v dn bit nh.
Kt qu ly lun c bit nh b trn
Kt qu tng 2 s nh phn n bit ti a l
n+1 bit.
exp :
1010101
+ 1111101
11010010
27
Php cng nh phn c du
Chn thm bit MSB trc bit MSB ca
cc hng t nh phn
Thc hin php cng bnh thng c
dn bit nh.Kt qu khng ly bit nh
trn.
exp :
10101 => 110101 (-11)
+ 01010 + 001010 (+10)
111111 (-1)
28
Php tr s nh phn
A-B = A + b 2 (B).
Php cng d thc hin hn php tr
nn c gng ly b 2 ri thc hin php
cng.
00101 (5) => 00101
- 01111 (15) + 10001 (bu 2 of 15)
(add MSB)
000101
+ 110001

110110 (-10)

29
Php nhn s nh phn.
0x0=0, 0x1=0,1x0=0,1x1=1
1010 (10)
x 101 (5)
1010
+ 0000
1010
110010 =50
30
Php chia s nh phn
Thc hin ging php chia hai s dec
Ch khi chia thng xut hin s d
31
Cc m nh phn thng dng
M BCD 8421
M BCD 2421
M qu 3 (Excess 3)
M Gray
M ASCII
32
M BCD 8421
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
3 0011
4 0100
5 0101
6 0110
7 0111
8 1000
9 1001
Dng biu din
thp phn.
M ny ch c 9 gi tr
t 0 n 9.
c dng rt nhiu
trong cc qu trnh
hin th LED 7 on.
33
Php cng hai s BCD 8421
.
34 0011 0100
+ 45 ==> + 0100 0101
79 0111 1001
36 0011 0110
+ 47 ==> + 0100 0111
83 0111 1101 (the result before adjust)
(11>9)==> result +6
(before adjust) 0111 1101

=
+ 0110
1000 0011 =83 (the right value)
34
Php cng 2 s BCD
378 0011 0111 1000
+135 ==> + 0001 0011 0101
513 0100 1010 1101
+ 0110

(adjust bc 1101 = 13>9)
0100 1011 0011
+ 0110 (adjust bc 1011 = 11>9)
0101 0001 0011 (good result)

35
M BCD 2421
c dng biu
din s thp phn
L t hp nh phn
c trng s 2421
C tnh t b
0 b 9
1 b 8
2 b 7 ..
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
3 0011
4 0100
5 1011
6 1100
7 1101
8 1110
9 1111
36
M QU 3
L m BCD 8421
cng vi 3
L loi m khng c
trng s
C th dng din
t mt k t s thp
phn
C tnh t b (0 b
9, 1 b 8.).
0 0011
1 0100
2 0101
3 0110
4 0111
5 1000
6 1001
7 1010
8 1011
9 1100
37
M GRAY
Khng l m BCD, khng c trng s
c to ra t m nh phn theo nguyn tc:
MSB ca gray ging vi MSB ca s nh phn
Bit th k(khng l MSB) ca Gray l tng khng ly s nh ca
bit k+1 v bit k ca s nh phn.
1 1 0 1 M
Gray
0 1 1 +
1 0 1 1 M
nh
phn
1110 11 0010 3
1111 10 0011 2
1101 9 0001 1
1100 8 0000 0
1000 15 0100 7
1001 14 0101 6
1011 13 0111 5
1010 12 0110 4
38
M ASCII
L m dng m ha tt c cc k t
ch, s v mt s k t c bit
Dng 7 bit m ha.
V d: A = 65 = 1000001
a = 97 = 1100001
39
CHNG 2: I S BOOLE V
CC CNG LOGIC.
GOALS:
2.1 Cu trc i s boole
2.2 Cc nh l.
2.3 Cc phng php biu din hm boole.
2.4 Cch chuyn i dng i s v bng chn tr
2.5 Trng hp ty nh.
2.6 Ba Karnaugh
2.7 Cc cng logic
2.8 Rt gn hm Boole bng ba Karnaugh.
2.9 Thc hin hm boole bng s logic.
begin
40
Cu trc i s Boole
nh ngha mt tp X hu hn. Trong X
ngi ta trang b hai ton t nh phn l
cng(+) v nhn(.).
Cc php ton cng v nhn trong X:
, :
, :
A+B X
A.B X
A B X
A B X
e e
e e
41
Cu trc i s Boole
2.1.1 Php giao hon
A+B=B+A
A.B=B.A
2.1.2 Tnh cht phi hp
A+(B+C)=(A+B)+C
A.(B.C) = (A.B).C
2.1.3 Tnh phn b
A.(B+C)=A.B+A.C
A+(B.C)=(A+B).(A+C)
2.1.4 Tnh trung ha
A+0 = A
A.1 = A
42
Cu trc i s Boole
2.1.5 Tnh b
2.1.6 i s boole vi hai bin
1
. 0
A A
A A
+ =
=
1 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
A+B B A
1 1 1
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 0 0
A.B B A
43
2.2 CC NH L
nh l i ngu
Khi mt mnh l ng th mnh i
ngu n cng ng.
c mnh i ngu ta thay th
0=>1,1=>0,+=>.,.=>+.
V d: hai mnh sau l i ngu
1
. 0
A A
A A
+ =
=
44
2.2 CC NH L
nh l Demorgan
B ca mt tch bng tng ca cc b
B ca mt tng bng tch ca cc b
nh l ph nh ca ph nh:
nh l m v ng:
nh l chng lp:
nh l hp thu:
A A =
1 1 .0 0 ; A A + = =
. ; A A A A A A + = =
( . )
.( )
A AB A
A A B A
+ =
+ =
45
Cc phng php biu din hm
Phng php i s.
Dng ton t (+: OR) v (. AND) biu
din : F(A,B,C)= A.B+B+AC
Dng phng php bng chn tr
F(A,B)=A+B
A B F
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
46
M
i
n
t
e
r
m

:

m
i
m
7
1 1 1
m
6
0 1 1
m
5
1 0 1
m
4
0 0 1
m
3
1 1 0
m
2
0 1 0
m
1
1 0 0
m
0
0 0 0
KH BT
Minterm
C B A
ABC
ABC
ABC
ABC
ABC
ABC
ABC
ABC
47
Tng cc tch Minterm
F(A,B,C)=ABC + ABC + ABC
A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
3 5 6
=>F(A,B,C)= (3,5,6) m m m = + +
=>F=
i
m

48
M
a
x
t
e
r
m

-
M
j
M
7
1 1 1
M
6
0 1 1
M
5
1 0 1
M
4
0 0 1
M
3
1 1 0
M
2
0 1 0
M
1
1 0 0
M
0
0 0 0
KH BT
Maxterm
C B A
A B C + +
A B C + +
A B C + +
A B C + +
A B C + +
A B C + +
A B C + +
A B C + +
49
T
c
h

c
c

t
n
g
A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
(0,1, 2, 4, 7)
( ) )( )( )
=>F(A,B,C)=
= (A B A C B C (A B C) A B C C B A + + + + + + + + + +
[
i
F M => =
[
50
Quan h gia minterm v maxterm
Quan h 1:
k l s bin ca hm ( i, j <= k)
Quan h 2:

i i
i i
m M
M m
=
=
m m = 0 (i j)
M + M = 1 (i j)
i j
i j
=
=
51
Quan h gia minterm v maxterm
Gi s mt hm 3 bin f(a,b,c) c
biu din di dng minterm
7
7
7 7 7
( , , ) ( , , )
i j
i j i
j
j j j
j i j i j i
j j j
f a b c m f a b c m
f f m m M
s =
s
= = =
s s s
= =
= = = =

[ [
52
Bng chn tr v pp i s
hm F(a,b,c) =ac +ab
a b c F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
(2, 3, 5, 7) F =

53
Bng chn tr v pp i s
chuyn t bng
chn tr sang i
s
a b c F
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
( , , ) (0, 2, 7)
=abc+ abc + abc
F a b c = :

54
Trng hp ty nh
C nhiu khi ti mt vi t hp cc ng
vo s khng c gi tr ng ra (hm
khng hot ng ti cc gi tr ny chng
hn, hoc khng quan tm gi tr ca
hm ti cc gi tr ng vo ny)
Trng hp ny gi l dont care- ty
nh.vit tt l d

55
Trng hp ty nh
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
c
0 1 1
X 1 1
1 0 1
1 0 1
0 1 0
1 1 0
1 0 0
X 0 0
F b a
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
c
X 1 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 0 1
X 1 0
0 1 0
X 0 0
0 0 0
F b a
( , , ) (1, 2, 4, 5) d(0,6) F a b c = +
( , , ) (0, 2, 6) + d(1,3,7) F a b c =
[
56
PP ba Kanaugh
L mt bng dng rt gn ti u hm
boole.
Mt gi tr trong mt ca ba karnaugh
l gi tr tng ng ca hm f trong bng
chn tr.
Ba karnaugh vn c gi tr ty nh nh
bng chn tr.
57
PP ba Kanaugh
Hng ngang v hng dc ngoi cng ca
ba karnaugh l cc i s ca hm. Cc
gi tr ca i s hm phi c xp
theo quy tc: hai gi tr lin tip ch c
khc nhau mt bit nh phn v ba phi
c tnh cht i xng.
58
PP ba Kanaugh
F A
B
0 1
0 0 2
1 1 3
00 01 11 10
0 0 1 3 2
1 4 5 7 6
00 01 11 10
00 0 1 3 2
01 4 5 7 6
11 12 13 15 14
10 8 9 11 10
59
PP ba Kanaugh
Biu din hm
( , , , ) (1, 2, 3, 4, 7,10,15) F a b c d =
cd
ab
00 01 11 10
00 0 1 1 1
01 1 0 1 0
11 0 0 1 0
10 0 0 0 1
60
PP ba Kanaugh
Biu din hm
( , , , ) F a b c d ab cd bd = + +
cd
ab
00 01 11 10
00 0 0 1 0
01 0 1 1 0
11 1 1 1 1
10 0 0 1 0
61
PP ba Kanaugh
Biu din hm:
( , , ) (1, 2, 3) F a b c abc abc d = + +
bc
a
00 01 11 10
0 1 x x X
1 0 0 1 0
62
PP ba Kanaugh
Biu din hm:
( , , ) ( )( ). (3, 7) F a b c a b b c d = + +
bc
a
00 01 11 10
0 0 0 x 0
1 1 1 x 0
63
Cc cng logic
Cng NOT
A F
U1
NOT
A F
0 1
1 0
F A =
64
Cc cng logic
Cng khng o (buffer).
A F
U3
BUFFER
A F
0 0
1 1
F A =
65
Cng AND
a
b
f
U2
AND
a b f
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
. f a b =
cng and m cng(1) khi tt c
ng vo u bng mt.
Cng And s ng cng (=0)
khi c it nht mt ng vo = 0.
66
Cng Nand
a
b
f
U2
NAND
a b f
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
. f a b =
Cng nand ng cng khi tt
c cc ng vo u =1 (tch
cc mc cao).
Cng nand s m cng khi it
nht c mt ng vo tch cc
mc thp (=0).
67
Cng OR
a b f
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
f a b = +
Cng OR m cng khi tt c
cc ng vo tch cc thp (=0)
Khi c t nht mt ng vo tch
cc mc cao th cng OR ng
cng vi ng ra tch cc mc
cao(=1).
ORGATE
OR
68
Cng Nor
Cng NOR ng
cng khi tt c
ng vo tch cc
mc thp(=0).
Cng NOR m
cng khi c it nht
mt ng vo tch
cc mc cao (=1)
A b F
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
f a b = +
69
Cng Exor
Tn ti mt s l
ng vo tch cc
mc cao th ng ra
cng EXOR m
cng (tch cc
mc cao)
Tt c trng hp
khc th ng ra
ng cng
a
b
f
1
2
3
EXOR
7486
f ab ab a b = + =
a b f
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
70
Cng ENOR
a
b
f
1
2
3
EXOR
7486
a b f
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
f ab ab a b = + =
71
2.7 CC CNG LOGIC
2.7.9 Gii thiu mt s vi mch cng Logic c bn
74LS00: 4 cng nand 3 ng vo
74LS02: 4 cng nor 2 ng vo
74LS04: 6 cng not
74LS08: 4 cng and 2 ng vo
74LS27: 3 cng nor 3 ng vo
74LS32: 4 cng or 2 ng vo
74LS86: 4 cng exor.
72
2.8 RT GN HM BOOLE BNG
BA KARNAUGH.
Mt s nh ngha
Hai k cn: l hai nm lin k nhau
hoc i xng nhau qua trc. Chng l
nhng minterm hoc maxterm m ch khc
nhau mt bin.
Bn k cn: l 2 nhm 2 k cn, v mi
ca nhm ny l k cn vi mi ca
nhm kia.
Tng t ta cng c 8 k cn hay 2^n
k cn.
73
Cch gom cc k cn
Khi gom cc k cn c cng gi tr 1 (nh
dng hm theo tng cc minterm) th:
0 tng ng vi gi tr b ca bin
1 tng ng vi gi tr ca bin
Cc gi tr khc nhau ca cng mt bin th loi b i.
Khi gom cc k cn c cng gi tr 0 (nh
dng hm theo tch cc maxterm) th:
0 tng ng vi gi tr ca bin
1 tng ng vi gi tr b ca bin
Cc gi tr khc nhau ca cng mt bin th loi b i.
74
Cch gom cc k cn
Khi gom hai k cn th loi b c 1
bin
Khi gom 4 k cn th loi b c 2
bin, 8 loi c 3
Khi gom 2^n k cn th loi b c n
bin.
75
V d 1
cd
ab
00 01 11 10
00 0 0 1 0
01 0 1 1 0
11 1 1 1 1
10 0 0 1 0
( , , , ) F a b c d ab cd bd = + +
76
CHNG 3: H T HP
GOALS
3.1 Gii thiu
3.2 Cch thit k h t hp
3.3 Cc mch t hp thng
dng
begin
77
3.1 GiI THIU H T HP
Mch s chia lm hai loi:
H t hp
H tun t
H t hp
Combinational circuit
Ng ra ch ph thuc vo ng vo hin thi.
Combinational
logic
Circuit
Input Output
Return C3
78
3.2 CCH THIT K H T
HP
Pht biu bi ton
Xc nh cc ng vo v cc ng ra
Lp bng chn tr v nu ln mi quan
h gia ng ra v cc ng vo ca bi
ton thit k
Xc nh hm boole n gin ha cho
hm ng ra
V s logic
Xem thit k gii m led 7 on
79
Mch gii m led 7 on
Gi s ta thit k cho led 7 on anod chung
(tc c cc dng chung)
Ch i vi led anod chung th cc thanh led
n ni n ngun VCC nn khi cc thanh
led n ny c cung cp mc logic 0 cho
cathod th n s sng.
Vy ta c 7 ng ra a,b,c,d,e,f,g
4 ng vo fa,fb,fc,fd
Bng chn tr
Rt gn bng chn tr
Biu din qua cc cng logic
f
a
f
b
f
c
f
d
80
a b c d e f g fa fb fc fd N0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 3
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 5
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 6
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 9
Click to
forward
81
a b c d e f g fa fb fc fd N0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 A
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 B
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 F
Click to forward
82
a 00 01 11 10
00 0 0 0 0
01 0 0 0 0
11 0 0 0 0
10 1 1 0 0
a b c
a f f f =
b 00 01 11 10
00 0 0 0 0
01 0 1 0 1
11 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0
a b c d a b d
c
b f f f f f f f f = +
Next -table
83
c 00 01 11 10
00 0 0 0 1
01 0 0 0 0
11 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0
a b c d
c f f f f =
d 00 01 11 10
00 0 1 0 0
01 1 0 1 0
11 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0
a b d a b d b c d c c a
d f f f f f f f f f f f f = + +
Next-table
84
e 00 01 11 10
00 0 1 1 0
01 1 1 1 0
11 0 0 0 0
10 0 1 0 0
a d a b c b c d
e f f f f f f f f = + +
f 00 01 11 10
00 0 1 1 1
01 0 0 1 0
11 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0
a b d a c d a b c
d f f f f f f f f f = + +
Next-table
85
e 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 0 0
01 0 0 1 0
11 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0
a b c a b c d
g f f f f f f f = +
Tip theo l dng cc cng logic c bn to ra cc hm a,b,c,d,e,f,g
Next-table
86
7SEGMENT_DECODER
fa
fb
fc
fd
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Return the page of the goals of
C3
87
3.3 Cc mch t hp thng dng
GOALS
3.3.1 Mch gii m (Decoder)
3.3.2 Mch m ha (Encoder)
3.3.3 Mch dn knh (Multiplexer)
3.3.4 Mch phn knh (Demultiplexer-
Demux)
3.3.5 Mch cng (Adder)
3.3.6 Mch so snh (Comparator)
3.3.7 Mch to v kim tra chn l
Return C3
88
Mch gii m - decoder
GOALS
3.3.1.1 Khi nim
3.3.1.2 V d mch gii m 24
3.3.1.3 Mt s vi mch gii m thng dng
3.3.1.4 Kt ni nhiu mch gii m
3.3.1.5 Dng mch gii m thc hin
hm boole
Return C3.3
89
Khi nim mch gii m
Mch gii m thng dng nht l mch gii m t
n2^n.
Mch c n ng vo v 2^n ng ra v cn c mt s
ng vo cho php.
Gi tr nh phn ca ng vo l v tr ca bit ng ra
c tch cc
C hai dng tch cc ng ra l:
Tch cc mc cao (=1)
Tch cc mc thp(=0)
Return 3.3.1
90
V d decoder 2 sang 4
x1 x0 y3 y2 y1 Y0
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0
Decoder
x1
x2
y0
Y1
y2
y3
0 1 0 1 1 0
2 1 0 3 1 0
,
,

y X X y X X
y X X y X X
= =
= =
Return 3.3.1
91
Vi mch gii m thng dng
74LS139: gm hai mch gii m 24
Hnh dng
Bng chn tr
74LS138: mch gii m 38
Hnh dng
Bng chn tr
74LS154: mch gii m 416
Hnh dng
Bng chn tr
Return 3.3.1
92
74LS139
A
2
Y0
4
B
3
Y1
5
Y2
6
E
1
Y3
7
U1:A
74ALS139
A
14
Y0
12
B
13
Y1
11
Y2
10
E
15
Y3
9
U1:B
74ALS139
E A B y3 y2 y1 Y0
1 x x 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 1 1
93
74LS138
E1 E2 E3 A B C Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0
0 X X X X X 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
X 1 X X X X 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
X X 1 X X X 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
94
74LS154
A
23
B
22
C
21
D
20
E 1
18
E 2
19
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
13
12
14
13
15
14
16
15
17
U 1
7 4 H C 154
95
To mch gii m ln
Hai mch gii m n2^n c th kt ni
c vi nhau to thnh mch gii
m (n+1)2^(n+1).
Thc hin mch gii m 416 bng
cch dng ghp ni 2 mch gii m 38
(74LS138)
3.3.1
96
Ghp 2 mch gii m
A
B
C
E1
G1
D
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
Y8
Y9
Y10
Y11
Y12
Y13
Y14
Y15
A
1
B
2
C
3
E1
6
E2
4
E3
5
Y0
15
Y1
14
Y2
13
Y3
12
Y4
11
Y5
10
Y6
9
Y7
7
U1
74LS138
A
1
B
2
C
3
E1
6
E2
4
E3
5
Y0
15
Y1
14
Y2
13
Y3
12
Y4
11
Y5
10
Y6
9
Y7
7
U2
74LS138
3.3.1
97
Dng mch gii m thc hin hm
Ng ra ca mch gii m tch cc mc cao l
mt minterm n bin.
Ng ra ca mch gii m tch cc mc thp l
mt maxterm n bin.
c th dng mch gii m n2^n v kt hp
mt s cng logic thc hin hm boole.
Xem biu din hm:
F1(x,y,z)=
F2(x,y,z)=
F3(x,y,z)=
(0,1, 3)
(1, 4, 5)
[
(0, 2, 4, 5, 6)
3.3.1
98
Dng mch gii m thc hin hm
Vit li cc hm:
0 1 3
0 1 3 0 1 3 0 1 3
1 4 5
1 3 7
1 (0,1, 3)
2 (1, 4, 5)
3 (0, 2, 4, 5, 6) (1, 3, 7)
=
F m m m
m m m m m m M M M
F M M M
F
M M M
= = + +
= + + = =
= =
= =
[
[
3.3.1
99
3.3.2 Mch m ha - encoder
CONTENTS
3.3.2.1 gii thiu mch m ha
3.3.2.2 v d mch m ha 42
3.3.2.3 mch m ha u tin
3.3.2.4 mt s vi mch m ha
3.3
100
Gii thiu
Mch m ha hot ng ngc li vi
mch gii m.
M ha 2^n hoc t hn ng vo v cho
n ng ra.
Trong 2^n ng vo ti mt thi im ch
c mt ng tch cc. V m nh phn ca
n l gi tr ca ng ra.
3.3.2
101
Encoder 4 sang 2
Bng chn tr
y1=x2+x3;y2=x1
+x3
3.3.2
x3 x2 x1 x0 y1 Y0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1
x3
y1
2^nn
42
x2
x1
x0
Y0
x1
x2
x3
y0
y1
1
2
3
1
2
3
102
Mch m ha u tin
C chc nng u tin,trong c hai hay nhiu hn
hai ng vo tch cc, khi ng vo no c xc
nh u tin cao hn th s tc ng n ng ra.
Xt bng chn tr ca mch m ha u tin gim dn
t x3 n x0.
x3 x2 x1 x0 y1 Y0
x X X 1 0 0
X X 1 0 0 1
X 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1
3.3.2
103
Mt s vi mch m ha
Encoder t 8 sang 3: 74LS148
3.3.2
0
10
1
11
2
12
3
13
4
1
5
2
6
3
7
4
EI
5
EO
15
A0
9
A1
7
A2
6
GS
14
ENCONDER8-->3
74LS148
104
Encoder t 8 sang 3: 74LS148
Ng vo/ra tch cc mc thp.
EI (enable input): tch cc mc thp.
GS: tch cc khi c s m ha.(mc thp)
GS = 1 khi EI = 1 hoc tt c input = 1
EO: enable output: tn hiu ny l c bo c
gi tr c m ha.
Ch c 3 trng hp gi tr ng ra l nh
nhau 111 tuy nhin phi da vo 2 c GS v
EO xc nh u l d liu c c do m
ha
105
Mch dn knh multiplexer
CONTENTS:
Gii thiu mch multiplexer
V d mch dn knh 41
Gii thiu vi mch dn knh
Dng multiplexer(mux) thc hin hm
boole
Mux 2^n 1 thc hin hm boole n bin
Mux 2^n 1 thc hin hm boole (n+1) bin
3.3
106
Gii thiu mch dn knh
C 2^n ng vo, 1 ng ra, n ng vo iu
khin.
Ti mi thi im ng ra c kt ni
vi mt ng vo, l ng vo c ch s
ng bng vi gi tr nh phn ca n ng
vo iu khin.
ti thi im t bt k:
output = input(index=value of signal
control)
107
Multiplexer 4 1
Bng chn tr
S khi
B A Y
0 0 D0
0 1 D1
1 0 D2
1 1 D3
Mux 41
D0
D1
D2
D3
Y
B
A
Y=ABD0+BAD1+BAD2+BAD3
108
Multiplexer thng dng
74LS157: gm 4 mch dn knh 21
74LS153: gm 2 mch dn knh 41
74LS151: mch dn knh 81
109
Multiplexer thc hin hm
A. Dng mux 2^n1 thc hin hm boole n
bin.
Xut pht t phng trnh ging nhau ca hm
boole v mux:
Boole: y=t hp (m
i
f
i
)
Mux: y= t hp (m
i
D
i
)
Khi thc hin hm boole bng mux ch cn a
bin ca hm vo ng k ca mux, cn cc ng
vo ca mux th ko ln VCC hoc ko xung
GND.
V d thc hin hm boole: F(x,y,z)=t
hp(0,1,4,7) dng 74LS151
3.3.3
110
Mch phn knh demultiplexer -
demux
CONTENTS
3.3.4.1 gii thiu mch demux
3.3.4.2 v d mch phn knh 14
3.3.4.3 gii thiu vi mch demux
3.3
111
Gii thiu mch demux
1 Ng vo, 2^n ng ra, n ng iu khin
Ti mt thi im mt ng vo s c
kt ni vi mt ng ra. Ch s ng vo
ny c gi tr bng vi gi tr nh phn
ca n ng iu khin.
Hot ng ngc vi mch dn knh.
3.3.4
112
Demux 1 4
Bng chn tr
S khi
Cc hm ng ra
S mch
3.3.4
113
Demux thng dng
74LS155:gm 2 mch phn knh 14
3.3.4
1Y0
7
1Y1
6
1Y2
5
1Y3
4
1C
1
1E
2
2Y0
9
2Y1
10
2Y2
11
2Y3
12
2C
15
2E
14
A
13
B
3
DEMUX
74LS155
114
Mch cng - Adder
Contents
3.3.5.1 mch cng bn phn
3.3.5.2 mch cng ton phn
3.3.5.3 mch cng song song
3.3.5.4 gii thiu vi mch cng
3.3
115
Cng bn phn Half Adder
L mch cng 2 s nh phn mt bit
Ng ra l bit tng S (sum) v bit nh C
(carry)
3.3.5
HA
A
B
S
C
Bng chn tr
A B C S
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
Cc hm ng ra:
S=A XOR B
C= A.B
S
C
A
B
1
2
3
116
Cng ton phn full adder
Ging nh HA, nhng FA c thm mt
ng vo s nh (C
-1
).
3.3.5
Bng chn tr
Cn-1 An Bn Sn Cn
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
An Sn
FA Bn Cn
Cn-1
1
1
( ) .
n n n n
n n n n n n
S C A B
C C A B A B
=
= + +
117
Cng song song parallel adder -
PA
PA l mch cng song song 2 s nh
phn n bit,c mt bit nh ng vo,kt
qu l n bit ng ra v mt bit nh.
PA n bit c to ra t n mch FA ghp
ni tip dy vi nhau trong bit nh ra
ca FA th n-1 c kt ni vi bit nh
vo ca FA th n.
3.3.5
118
PA
A1
10
S1
9
A2
8
S2
6
A3
3
S3
2
A4
1
S4
15
B1
11
B2
7
B3
4
B4
16
C0
13
C4
14
PA
74LS83
An Sn
FA Bn Cn
Cn-1
An Sn
FA Bn Cn
Cn-1
119
Vi mch cng thng dng
74LS83: Mch cng song song 4 bit
3.3.5
A1
10
S1
9
A2
8
S2
6
A3
3
S3
2
A4
1
S4
15
B1
11
B2
7
B3
4
B4
16
C0
13
C4
14
PA
74LS83
120
Mch so sanh - comparator
Contents
3.3.6.1 mch so snh 2 s 1 bit
3.3.6.2 mch so snh 2 s 1 bit c
ng vo iu khin
3.3.6.3 mch so snh 2 s n bit
3.3
121
Mch so snh 2 s mt bit
Bng chn tr
S khi
S mch
3.3.6
S KHI
CP2BIT
A
B
A>B
A<B
A=B
122
Mch so snh 2 s n bit
c to thnh t vic ghp n mch so
snh 1 bit.
Ch vic ghp ni tip cc tn hiu iu
khin
Thc t mch so snh l mch tr, do
vy tn hiu iu khin l bit nh trong
php tr ca cp bit c trng s thp
a ln .
3.3.6
123
Vi mch so snh n bit thng
dng
74LS85: mch so snh 4 bit
74LS682: mch so snh 8 bit
3.3.6
A 0
1 0
A 1
1 2
A 2
1 3
A 3
1 5
B 0
9
B 1
1 1
B 2
1 4
B 3
1
A < B
2
Q A < B
7
A = B
3
Q A = B
6
A > B
4
Q A > B
5
C P 4 B I T
7 4 S 8 5
124
PRC mch kim tra chn l
(parity generator and checker)
Contents
3.3.7.1 gii thiu PRC
3.3.7.2 mch to PRC 3 bit
3.3.7.3 gii thiu vi mch PRC
3.3
125
PRC
L phng php n gin nht v ph
bin nht kim tra v pht hin li
truyn thng tin t mt ni pht n ni
thu.
Khi pht, bit parity c chn vo data
v pht i cng vi data.
Gi tr bit parity, ty thuc vo cu trc
v gi tr ca data.
3.3.7
126
PRC
C 2 phng php kim tra chn l:
Parity chn: tng s bit 1 trong data l mt s l
chn thm P=1
Parity l: tng s bit 1 trong data l mt s chn
chn thm P=1
Ti ni thu, s dng mch kim tra data v bit
P nhn c, nu tng s bit 1 l chn trong
phng php parity chn,hoc l l nu kim
tra parity l th truyn thng xem nh chnh
xc khng li.
nu c sai mt s chn bit trong d liu
nhn c th mch CP khng kim tra c
127
PRC 3 bit
Bng chn tr
S khi
Hm ng ra: P = (A XOR B XOR C)
S mch
3.3.7
S KHI
PRC-EVEN
A
B
C
P
A
C
B
P
PRC EVEN
128
PRC thc t
74LS280: mch to parity chn l 9 bit.
D0
8
D1
9
D2
10
D3
11
D4
12
D5
13
D6
1
D7
2
D8
4
EVEN
5
ODD
6
PRC_9BIT
74S280
129
CHNG 4: H tun t
GOALS
4.1 Khi nim h tun t
4.2 Flip- Flop c rng buc xung clock.
4.3 Mch m ni tip (aschynronus serial
counter circuit)
4.4 Mch m song song (parallel counter circuit)
4.5 Thanh ghi dch (shift register)
4.6 Mch m dng thanh ghi dch (shift register
counter)
4.7 Flip Flop khng rng buc xung clock
4.8 ng dng ca mch m
begin
130
Khi nim h tun t
Ng ra va ph thuc ng vo v va ph
thuc trng thi hin ti ca cc phn t nh.
Cc phn t nh s dng Flip-Flop
ng ra l hm ca ng vo v cc trng thi
trc ca n
C hai loi mch tun t:
Synchronus Sequential circuit: mch tun t ng
b. Loi mch ny s dng xung nhp.
Asynchronus Sequential circuit: mch tun t bt
ng b. Loi mch ny khng s dng xung
nhp.
131
Khi nim h tun t
Combination logic
(h t hp)
Input Out put
Memory element
(phn t nh-FF)
132
Flip Flop c xung clock rng buc
4.2.1 DFF
4.2.2 JKFF
4.2.3 TFF
4.2.4 SRFF
4.2.5 Cc loi xung nhp CK
4.2.6 Cc ng vo iu khin
133
4.2.1 DFF
Ng vo d liu D
Xung ng b CLK
Ng ra Q, b Q
u k hiu CLK
khng c nt trn th
hot ng theo mc
cnh ln, cn c nt
trn th hot ng theo
mc cnh xung
DFF
D
CLK
Q
/Q
DFF
D
CLK
Q
/Q
134
4.2.1 DFF (theo clk)
Khi c xung nhp tch cc th:
Gi tr ng ra c update t gi tr ng vo
D
Khi xung nhp khng tch cc th:
Gi tr ng ra gi nguyn (holding) gi tr
trc .
Phng trnh c tnh : Q
+
= D
135
4.2.1 DFF (theo clk)
Gin xung:
136
Dng DFF to b chia 2
Dng DFF to mch chia i tn s.
137
4.2.2 TFF (c xung clock)
Phng trnh:
Q+ = T xor Q.
D
ENA
Q
PRE
CLR
t
clk
q
q~reg0
Nhn xt: khi T=1 (T ni ln
VCC) th TFF l mch chia hai
tn s
TFF
T
CLK
Q
/Q
138
4.2.2 TFF (c xung clock)
Gin xung.
139
D
ENA
Q
PRE
CLR
q~0
q~1
q~2
j
k
clk
q
q~reg0
4
.
2
.
3
.
J
K
F
F

(
c

x
u
n
g

c
l
k
)
PT c tnh
Q+ = J.(/Q) + (/K).Q
JK_FF
J
CLK
Q
/Q
K
140
4.2.3 JKFF (c xung clk)
Gin xung:
Nhn xt (v m hnh v chng minh ):
Ni JK chung vi nhau ta c TFF
Ni J qua cng NOT ri ti K ta c DFF
141
4.2.4 SRFF (C xung clock).
Phng trnh:
Q+ =S+ (!R).Q
D
ENA
Q
PRE
CLR
q~0
q
s
clk
r
q~reg0
q~1
Khi ni S qua cng NOT ri
ti R ta c DFF
SR_FF
R
CLK
Q
/Q
S
142
4.2.4 SRFF (C xung clock).
Gin xung
143
Cc loi xung nhp
Xung nhp c hai
loi:
Tc ng cnh
xung k hiu
bng mi tn.
Tc ng cnh ln
c k hiu l mi
tn v nt trn.
Cn tc xung
nhp cao
DFF
D
CLK
Q
/Q
DFF
D
CLK
Q
/Q
144
Cc ng vo iu khin
Cc loi DFF, TFF, JKFF, SRFF thng
thng c cc ng vo iu khin l
clear(CLR) v preset (PR)
Ty trng hp cc cell do ai thit k m
c CLR hay PR tch cc cao hn
PR tch cc: ng ra FF c set = 1
CLR tch cc: ng ra FF c clear = 0.
145
Mch m ni tip bt ng b
- asynchronous serial counter -
ASC
4.3.1 gii thiu
4.3.2 mch m ni tip mod 2^n
4.3.3 mch m ni tip mod <2^n
146
Gii thiu ASC
Asynchronus serial counter (ASC): l
mch m bt ng b hay mch m
gn (ripple).
Mode ca mch m l s trng thi
trong mt chu k m.
Mch m mode 2^n l mch m c
2^n trng thi m. V n cng l mch
chia tn s cho 2^n. V cng cn gi l
mch m n bit v c n bit ng ra.
147
ASC mode 2
n
148
ASC mode 2
n
Gin xung.
149
Thit k ASC mode 2
n
Trng thi m:
000001 010 011 100 101 110 111
Phng php thit k m mode 2^n dng
TFF:
Dng n phn t TFF.
Xung clk (dng cnh xung) c ni cho TFF
u tin.
Ng ra Q ca TFF th k ni ti clk ca TFF th
k+1.
N ng ra Qn-1Qn-2Q0 l gi tr ca b m
ASC.
150
Thit k ASC mode 2
n
ASC mode 16: dng 4 TFF.
Nu khng dng TFF m dng DFF hay
JKFF, SRFF th chuyn cc loi FF ny
v TFF ri thit k nh trn.
151
Thit k ASC mode 2
n
Phng php chuyn DFF v TFF
i vi TFF: Q+ = T xor Q
i vi DFF: Q+ = D
chuyn DFF v TFF: D= T xor Q (xem
hnh v)
D
ENA
Q
PRE
CLR
inst1
Q
CLK
T
inst
152
Thit k ASC mode 2
n
Phng php chuyn JKFF v TFF.
Ni chung J v K vi nhau th ta c TFF.
153
Thit k ASC mode 2
n
Chuyn SRFF TFF
154
Thit k ASC mode nh hn 2
n
Thit k ging nh ASC
Tuy nhin v mode nh hn 2^n nn c
mt s rng buc.
Cc rng buc ny l s hi tip mt s
ng ra ASC n mt mch Combination
logic circuit. M ng ra ca CLC c
a vo cc tn hiu iu khin Preset
v Clear ca ASC.
155
n
Thit k ASC c mode 6
M8: 012345670
M6: 0123450
Trong M6: khi m ln 6(110) th phi set
ng ra v 0
tn hiu CLR=Q2&Q1
156
157
n
Gin wave form.
158
Mch m song song - PCC-
parallel counter circuit
4.4.1 gii thiu
4.4.2 nguyn tc thit k mch m song
song
4.4.3 thit k mch m song song dng
hm c tnh
4.4.4 thit k mch m tun t tng
qut
159
Gii thiu PCC
Cn gi l mch m ng b.
Tt c cc phn t FF thit k PCC u
c ni chung mt xung clk.
Xung clk : ng b qu trnh m
S mode: 2^n (vi n l s ng ra ca
PCC).
C th mode < 2^n.
PCC c M=2^n th dng n FF.
160
Nguyn tc thit k PCC
Xc nh s FF cn s dng (n=[log
2
M]+).
Xc nh dy m: t yu cu hoc t gin
trng thi.
Lp bng trng thi:
Gm trng thi hin ti (present state-PST)
Trng thi k tip (next state NST)
Ng vo: tn hiu d liu (DS) v tn hiu iu
khin.
Da vo NST, PST gi tr ca DS.
Vit phng trnh hm DS theo t hp n ng ra.
V s mch.
PCC khong phn bit loi kch ca xung clk.
161
Nguyn tc thit k PCC
V d: thit k PCC c M=8, m ln.
M=8 v m lndy m:
000001010011100101110111.
Lp bng trng thi:
Rt gn phng trnh tc ng:
2 1 0 2 1 0
1 0 1 0
0 0
;
1; 1
; J QQ J QQ
J Q J Q
J J
= =
= =
= =
162
Thit k PCC dng D-FF
Thnh lp quan h:
ng nht (*) vi biu thc sau y
tm hm ng vo D:
Kt ni mch
0 1 n
Q f (Q , Q ,...Q ) (*)
+
=
Q D
+
=
163
Thit k PCC dng JK-FF
Thnh lp quan h:
tm hm ng vo J v K:
Kt ni mch
0 1 n
Q f (Q , Q ,...Q ) (*)
+
=
Q JQ KQ
+
= +
164
Thit k PCC dng T-FF
Thnh lp quan h:
tm hm ng vo T:
Kt ni mch
0 1 n
Q f (Q , Q ,...Q ) (*)
+
=
Q TQ TQ
+
= +
165
Nguyn tc thit k PCC
STATE TABLE
PST NST INPUTS OF 3 JKFF
Q2 Q1 Q0 Q2+ Q1+ Q0+ J2 K2 J1 K1 J0 K0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 X 0 X 1 X
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 X 1 X X 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 X X 0 1 X
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 X X 0 X 1
1 0 0 1 0 1 X 0 0 X 1 X
1 0 1 1 1 0 X 0 1 X X 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 X 0 X 0 1 X
1 1 1 0 0 0 X 1 X 1 X 1
166
Nguyn tc thit k PCC
167
Nguyn tc thit k PCC
Wave form:
168
Nguyn tc thit k PCC
Bi tp:
Thit k PCC M=8, m xung, dng
JKFF,TFF.
Thit k PCC M=5 c gin sau:
000010011100110000.
Dung JKFF
Thit k PCC M=5 dng JKFF c gin
sau:
(001,101,111)00001001110011000
0..
169
Thit k PCC dng hm c tnh
Xc nh s FF s dng.
Xc nh dy m.
Lp bng trng
Xc nh cc hm cho cc bng trng
thi k ca FF. Chng hn nu design
theo JKFF th hm c tnh c dng:
Qn+=A.Qn+B(/Qn).
170
Xc nh cc hm cho cc ng vo
ca FF. Cc hm ny c suy ra t
vic ng nht hm c tnh ca
bng trng thi vi hm ca FF.
V d: i vi JKFF th: Qn+ = (/Kn)Qn +
Jn(/Qn)
Kn=/A, Jn=B
Dng mch t hp thc hin cc hm ny.
V s mch
171
Thit k PCC
M=8, dng
JKFF v hm
c tnh.
M=8 n=3:
dng 3 JKFF.
PST NST
Q2 Q1 Q0 Q2+ Q1+ Q0+
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 0
172
Phng trnh hm c tnh:

2 1 0 2 1 0 2
1 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0
( )
0. 1.
Q Q Q Q QQ Q
Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q
+
+
+
= + +
= +
= = +
2 2 1 0
1 1 0
0 0
1
J K QQ
J K Q
J K
= =
= =
= =
173
174
Thit k mch ng b tng qut.
Mch tun t ng b:Synchronus Sequential
circuit: SSC).
SSC: gm cc ng vo, cc ng ra trng thi,
cc ng ra
SSC
input state
output
175
Thit k SSC tng qut
Xc nh s FF s dng = s bit trng thi
Xc nh gin trng thi: c th cho trc
hoc t to ra theo yu cu.
Lp bng trng thi.
Bao gm trng thi hin ti (PST),cc ng vo (Input),trng thi
k (NST), cc ng vo FF, cc ng ra ca mch.
Ct PST: ghi tt c cc t hp nh phn c th c
Ct NST: ph thuc vo PST v ng vo theo gin trng thi.
T NST v PST ta suy ra gi tr ca cc ng vo FF tng ng
da vo bng kch thch ca loi FF m ta dng thit k.
Xc nh hm cho cc ng vo FF, v cc ng ra.
V s mch
176
Thit k SSC tng qut
Gin trng thi
C hai dng Mearly v Moore
Mearly: ng ra va ph thuc ng vo v
trng thi hin ti.
Moore: ng ra ch ph thuc vo trng thi
hin ti ca mch
177
Thit k SSC tng qut - Moore
178
Thit k SSC tng qut - Mealy
179
Thit k SSC tng qut
Kho st v d sau: Thit k SSC dng
DFF c gin trng thi sau:
01
11
10
0/0
1/1
0/0
1/1
1/0
0/0
0/0
1/0
180
Thit k SSC tng qut
STATE TABLE
PST INPUT NST OUTPUT INPUT OF FF
Y1 Y0 X Y1+ Y0+ Z D1 D0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
181
Thit k SSC tng qut
Xc nh cc hm:
1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0
.
( )
D Y X Y Y
D X Y Y YY X
Z Y X
= +
= + +
=
182
183
Thit k SSC tng qut
Wave form:
184
Thit k SSC tng qut
185
Thanh ghi dch shift register
4.5.1 gii thiu
4.5.2 thanh ghi nhp ni tip-xut ni tip
(SISO)
4.5.3 thanh ghi nhp ni tip xut song song
(SIPO)
4.5.4 thanh ghi nhp song song xut ni tip
(PISO)
4.5.5 thanh ghi nhp song song xut song
song (PIPO)
4.5.6 mt s vi mch thanh ghi dch
186
Gii thiu shift register
Mt FF c kh nng lu tr mt bit d
liu.
Mt register (thanh ghi) c to thnh
t n FF c th lu tr n bit.
SR: c kh nng dch d liu sang tri,
sang phi khi c xung nhp CK.
187
Thanh ghi SISO
Serial input serial ouput
Tn hiu d liu vo c dch vo sau
mi xung clk.
Mt SISO n bit th sau n xung nhp clk th
d liu i ra khi SISO.
C kh nng dng tr hon tn hiu n
xung nhp clk.
188
Thanh ghi SISO
189
Thanh ghi SISO
190
SIPO
Serial input and parallel output
Tt c cc ng ra FF u l ng ra ca
SIPO.
Chuyn i d liu ni tip thnh song
song.
Thanh ghi n bit th sau n xung block n bit
d liu ng vo s hin din ti ng ra.
191
SIPO
192
SIPO
193
PISO parallel input serial output
194
PISO
195
PIPO parallel input parallel output
M hnh:
196
PIPO
Wave form:
197
Couters Using Shift Register
4.6.1 Mch m vng (Ring counter)
4.6.2 Mch m vng xon (Twisted ring
counter)
198
Mch m vng - ring counter -
RCC
199
RCC
Wave form:
200
Mch m vng - twisted counter
circuit- TCC
201
TCC
Wave form:
202
FF khng c xung clock rng buc
4.7.1 DFF
4.7.2 SRFF
4.7.3 TFF
4.7.4 JKFF
Cng ging nh c xung clock v mt
phng trnh. Tuy nhin khi khng c
xung clock , cc loi FF ny hot ng
khng ng b.
203
ng dng ca mch m
Mch m nh phn: cung cp cc t
hp nh phn,tng dn hay gim dn
Mch chia tn s: mt mch m mod n
c th dng chia tn s cho n
Mch m tn s: o v hin th tn s
tn hiu
Mch ng h s: hin th gi pht giy.
204
Giao tip h Vi Mch S
5.1 H VI MCH TTL
5.2 H VI MCH CMOS
5.3 CC THNG S H TTL V
CMOS
5.4 TTL LI CMOS (TTL DRIVE CMOS)
5.5 CMOS LI TTL (CMOS DRIVE TTL)
205
H TTL - transitor transitor logic
c tnh
L vi mch s ph bin nht.
Cp in +5VDC
D s dng, gi thnh thp.
Tc hot ng t trung bnh n cao.
Phn loi TTL theo ng ra.
Ng ra totem pole
Ng ra cc thu h (open collector)
Ng ra ba trng thi (three state)
206
TTL
Cc loi vi mch s h TTL
74: Thng
74S: Schottky
74LS: Low power schottky
74AS: Advanced Low power schottky
74F: Fast (tc cao).
207
H vi mch CMOS
Complemantary Metal Oxide
Semiconductior
c tnh:
Cp in 3 18 V (ring h 74HC v
74HCT ch cp ngun +5VDC.)
Cng sut tiu th nh
Tc chuyn i trng thi cao
Kh nng chng nhiu tt.
Kh nng ti (Fan Out ln).
208
H vi mch CMOS
Phn loi CMOS theo ng ra:
Ng ra thng
Ng ra cc mng h
Ng ra 3 trng thi (Three State)
Cc loi vi mch s CMOS
40: cp in 318 V
45: cp in 318 V
74HC: CMOS tng thch TTL cp in +5VDC
74HCT: CMOS tng thch TTL cp in 5VDC
Hai h 74HC v 74HCT s chn v s hiu
hon ton ging TTL mc d c ch to
theo cng ngh CMOS.
209
H vi mch CMOS
Thng s CMOS cp ngun +5V TTL
4000B 74HC 74HCT 74 74LS 74AS 74ALS
V
IH(min)
3.5 v 3.5 v 2.0 v 2.0 v 2.0 v 2.0 v 2.0 v
V
IL(max)
1.5 v 1.0 v 0.8 v 0.8 v 0.8 v 0.8 v 0.8 v
V
OH(min)
4.95 v 4.9 v 4.9 v 2.4 v 2.7 v 2.7 v 2.7 v
V
OL(max)
0.05 v 0.1 v 0.1 v 0.4 v 0.5 v 0.5 v 0.4 v
I
IH(max)
1 ua 1 ua 1 ua 40 ua 20 ua 200 ua 20 ua
I
IL(max)
1 ua 1 ua 1 ua 1.6 ma 0.4 ma 2 ma 0.1 ma
I
OH(max)
0.4 ma 4 ma 4 ma 0,4 ma 0,4 ma 2 ma 0,4 ma
I
OL(max)
0.4 ma 4 ma 4 ma 16 ma 8 ma 20 ma 8 ma
210
TTL Drive CMOS
TTL li CMOS cp in 5 V.
Ng ra vi mch TTL ni n ng vo ca vi mch
CMOS.
Cn ch n dng v p:
Dng ng ra ca TTL phi ln hn hoc bng tng
cc dng in ng vo ca CMOS a s trng
hp l tha mn v dng ra ca TTL kh cao, cn
dng vo ca CMOS kh nh
p ng ra mc thp ca TTL thng tha mn khi p
ra mc thp v CMOS hiu l mc thp.
p ng ra mc cao ca TTL th khng th cho
CMOS hiu l mc cao nn phi dng in tr ko
ln (Rpull-up)
211
TTL Drive CMOS
M hnh in tr pull-up dng trong vic
ghp ni.
212
TTL Drive CMOS
TTL li CMOS cp in ln hn 5V:
Phng php c bn l dng cng m
khng o (ex: 7407) v mt in tr ko
ln.
213
CMOS drive TTL
CMOS cp in 5V li TTL
5
V
U1
NAND
U2
NAND
3 2
4050B
4050
CMOS TTL
214
CMOS drive TTL
CMOS cp in ln hn 5V li TTL
1
2
V
5
V
U1
NAND
U2
NAND
3 2
4050B
4050
CMOS TTL
215
Chng 6: B nh bn dn
Goals
6.1 khi nim b nh bn dn
6.2 phn loi b nh bn dn
6.3 cch lm tng dng lng b nh
6.4 thi gian xm nhp b nh
6.5 b nh ch c (ROM)
6.6 b nh ROM lp trnh mt
n(Mask programmed ROM)
216
Chng 6: B nh bn dn
Goals
6.7 ROM cho php lp trnh
(programmable ROM)
6.8 EPROM (chip ROM cho php xa v
ti lp trnh)
6.9 RAM (B nh ghi c)
6.10 Khi nim v BUS.
217
Khi nim b nh bn dn
Thit b, linh kin c kh nng lu tr
thng tin (dng nh phn).
C th ghi d liu ln n , v c d liu
t n ra khi cn dng n.
Phng php c v ghi d liu ca b
nh da vo a ch ca tng nh ca
b nh bn dn.
218
Phn loi b nh bn dn
RAM:
Random Acess Memory.
B nh truy cp ngu nhin
ROM:
Read Only Memory
Ch cho php c

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Basic Digital Technology

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