1


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2.  Food Formulation (Product optimization ) 
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a22X22 + e
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2
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1.4142

1.6818

2.3784

' : Kasem, 2001

 ( " Regression *' Model

Model Summary
Std. Error
Mode
R
Adjusted
of the
l
R
Square R Square Estimate
1
.991(a)
.983
.970
.2663
a Predictors: (Constant), x1x2, x2x2, x2, x1, x1x1
ANOVA(b)

Model
1

Mea
n
Squa
df
re
5.64
5
9
7 .071

Sum of
Squares
Regression

28.247

Residual
Total
Lack of Fit
(Model error)

.496
28.743
3

Sig.

79.669

.000(a)

1.79

0.289

12
0.28

0.09

Pure Error
(Replicate
4
0.21 0.05
Error)
a Predictors: (Constant), x1x2, x2x2, x2, x1, x1x1
b Dependent Variable: Yield
Coefficients(a)

Unstandardized
Coefficients
Std.
B
Error
1
(Constant)
.119
79.940
x1
.094
.995
x2
.094
.515
x1x1
.101
-1.376
x2x2
.101
-1.001
x1x2
.133
.250
a Dependent Variable: Yield
Model

Standard
ized
Coeffici
ents

Sig.

Beta
.525
.272
-.683
-.497
.093

671.264
10.568
5.472
-13.630
-9.916
1.878

.000
.000
.001
.000
.000
.103

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Y (yield) = 79.9399 + 0.995055 (A) + 0.515207 (B)
+ 0.249994 (A*B) - 1.37645 (A2) 1.00134 (B2)

100
80

()
0-20

20-40

40-60

13

11

40
20
0

60

Yield

60-80

S1

80-100

Contour plot
S3
S2
Yield
1

S1
10 11 12 13

80-100
60-80
40-60
20-40
0-20

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710
750
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15

 
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()

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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-2
+2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
+1
+1
+1
0
0
-2
+2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
0
0
0
0
-2
+2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
0
0
0
0
0
0
-2
+2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Y
(/%

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 (7!)
23.8
22.9
29.2
11.5
20.7
23.2
30.3
13.9
22.9
24.9
23.1
16.9
19.5
23.3
28.4
29.3
26.6
26.5
15.9
22.8
24.3
29.2
28.9
13.3
28.4
26.0
29.1
28.1
28.4
29.1
29.4
29.1

7
: $$%(!" Kasem,2001

5
$ ." ' $,' 0(
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(Process Optimization + )
Variables Entered/Removed(b)
Mode
l
1

Variables Variables Metho

Entered Removed
d
x4x4,
x1x2x3x4
, x2x3x4,
x1x2x4,
x1x2x3,
x3x4,
x2x4,
.
Enter
x2x3,
x1x4,
x1x3,
x1x2, x4,
x3, x2,
x1, x3x3,
x2x2,
x1x1(a)
a All requested variables entered.
b Dependent Variable: liking score

Model Summary(b)

Mode
l
1

Std. Error
of the
Estimate

R
Adjusted
R
Square R Square
.951(
.905
.773
2.52253
a)
a Predictors: (Constant), x4x4, x1x2x3x4, x2x3x4, x1x2x4, x1x2x3, x3x4, x2x4,
x2x3, x1x4, x1x3, x1x2, x4, x3, x2, x1, x3x3, x2x2, x1x1
b Dependent Variable: liking score

ANOVA(b)
Sum of
Mean
df
F
Sig.
Squares
Square
Regression
785.176
18 43.621 6.855 .001(a)
Residual
82.721
13
6.363
Total
867.897
31
a Predictors: (Constant), x4x4, x1x2x3x4, x2x3x4, x1x2x4, x1x2x3, x3x4, x2x4,
x2x3, x1x4, x1x3, x1x2, x4, x3, x2, x1, x3x3, x2x2, x1x1
b Dependent Variable: liking score
Model
1

Coefficients(a)

Unstandardized
Model
Coefficients
Std.
B
Error
1
.892
(Constant) 28.450
x1
.525
.515
.515
x2
1.133
x3
.467
.515
.515
x4
-2.633
x1x2
.750
.631
x1x3
.800
.631
.631
x1x4
2.063
.631
x2x3
1.813
x2x4
.850
.631
.631
x3x4
-2.925
x1x2x3
1.025
.631
x1x2x4
.263
.631
x2x3x4
.200
.631
x1x2x3x4
.463
.631
x1x1
-.592
.464
.464
x2x2
-2.392
x3x3
-.542
.464
.464
x4x4
-1.954
a Dependent Variable: liking score

Standard
ized
Coeffici
ents

Sig.

31.900
1.020
2.201
.906
-5.114
1.189
1.269
3.271
2.874
1.348
-4.638
1.625
.416
.317
.733
-1.275
-5.153
-1.167
-4.210

.000
.327
.046
.381
.000
.256
.227
.006
.013
.201
.000
.128
.684
.756
.476
.225
.000
.264
.001

Beta
.087
.188
.078
-.438
.102
.109
.280
.246
.115
-.397
.139
.036
.027
.063
-.110
-.445
-.101
-.363