2007

Microsoft Excel
Cung cp nhng kin thc cn thit
gip lm vic hiu qu trn bng tnh

Trn Thanh Phong - Trn Thanh Thi

Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright
16/07/2007

M c l c
Bi 3 TH & HNH V.................................................................................................................................. 3
3.1. Gii thiu th ........................................................................................................................................ 3
3.2. V th ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
3.3. Cc thao tc trn th ............................................................................................................................ 7
3.3.1. Nhn bit cac thanh phn trn thi ................................................................................................... 7
Cac thanh phn thng dung ...................................................................................................................... 7
Mt s thanh phn chi co trong thi 3-D ............................................................................................... 8
3.3.2. Cac thao tac vi thi ........................................................................................................................ 8
Chn thanh phn trn thi ..................................................................................................................... 8
Di chuyn thi ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Thay i ki ch thc thi ....................................................................................................................... 9
Xa thi ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Thm cac thanh phn ca thi ............................................................................................................. 10
Sp xp va xa cac thanh phn ca thi .............................................................................................. 10
In thi .................................................................................................................................................. 10
3.3.3. Hiu chnh va inh dng thi ......................................................................................................... 10
Hiu chnh Chart Area ........................................................................................................................... 10
Hiu chnh Flot Area .............................................................................................................................. 12
Hiu chnh tiu thi, ch thch, tiu truc hoanh va truc tung, ................................................ 13
Hiu chnh ng li ngang va dc ..................................................................................................... 13
Hiu chnh cac truc ................................................................................................................................. 14
3.3.4. Cac thao tac vi chui s liu trong thi ........................................................................................ 16
Xa bt mt chui s liu khi thi .................................................................................................... 16
Thm chui mi vao thi .................................................................................................................... 17
Thay i chui s liu ............................................................................................................................ 17
Thm ng xu hng vao thi .......................................................................................................... 19
3.4. Cc kiu th ........................................................................................................................................ 19
3.5. th nng cao........................................................................................................................................ 19
3.6. V hnh trong Excel ................................................................................................................................ 19

Trn Thanh Phong

Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Bi 3
TH & HNH V
3.1. Gii thiu th

thi gip trnh by cc s liu kh khan bng vic ve thnh cc hnh nh trc quan, d
hiu. thi c lin kt vi d liu ca n trong bng tnh, do khi thay i d liu
ca n trong bng tnh thi lp tc thi se thay i tng ng theo. Trong Excel 2007 vic ve
thi cha bao gi d dng v p nh by gi. Excel c rt nhiu kiu thi khc nhau
phuc vu cho nhiu muc ch khc nhau ca rt nhiu loi i tng s dung bng tnh, chng
ta se cng nhau khm ph th gii thi ca Excel trong bi hc ny.
thi l mt i tng (object) ca Excel, i tng ny cha cc d liu v biu din thnh
hnh nh vi mu sc v kiu dng rt phong ph. Nhn chung, Excel c 2 loi thi l
thi nm trong WorkSheet (cn gi l Embedded chart) v ChartSheet. chuyn i qua li
gia 2 loi thi ny ta lm nh sau: Chn thi Chart Tools Design Location
Move Chart chn Object in + Tn Sheet ( thi nm trong Worksheet) hay chn New
sheet + Nhp tn ChartSheet vo.

Hnh 3.1. Chn ChartSheet hay Embedded chart

3.2. V th
hn nay trinh bay cac bc ve thi t mt bng s liu cho trc va mt s ty chn
ca thi. Kt qu nghin cu v s tha mn ca cac nhm khach hang phn theo
tui c cho nh hinh bn di, nu chng ta dng kt qu nay bao cao cng khng c
vn gi, tuy nhin bao cao se sinh ng va thuyt phuc hn nu chng ta bin cac con s
nay thanh thi c nhin thy mt cach trc quan hn.

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Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Hnh 3.2. Bng s liu nghin cu

Hy lam theo cac bc sau ve thi:
B1. Chn vng d liu A3:D9, chn lun cac nhn ca cac ct.
B2. Chn kiu thi t Ribbon Insert Charts. Mi nhom thi bao gm nhiu kiu
khac nhau, v du chng ta chn nhm Column Clustered Column.

Hnh 3.3. Chn kiu thi

B3. Xong bc 2 la chng ta c ngay mt thi dng ct nh
hinh trn, tuy nhin chung ta co th i cac b tri cua cac thanh
phn trn thi . Chon thi Chart Tools Design
Chart Layout Chn cach b tr thch hp. V du ta chn kiu
Layout 3 trong Chart Layout.

Trn Thanh Phong

tham chiu ta
thi n , ta chon
ta g du =
nhp chut chon
tham chiu.

Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Hnh 3.4. La chn layout

B4. ao cac chui s liu t dong thanh ct va ngc li: Chart Tools Design Data
Switch Row/Column. Chng ta thc hin lnh nay khi cac thi bc trn cha hin thi
ung nh mong mun . V du chng ta mun nhm cac nhm tui li d so sanh gia cac
thang vi nhau.

Hnh 3.5. ao dong/ ct

B5. Nu thy kiu thi trn khng ep, chng ta c th i sang kiu khac bng cach : Chart
Tools Design Type Change Chart Type, hp thoai Insert Chart hin thi lit k toan
b cac kiu thi hin co cua Excel tha h cho ban la chon.

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Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Hnh 3.6. Hp thoai Insert Chart va chon kiu thi khac

B6. Ngoai ra, nu ban thy tng mau cua thi cha ep thi vao chon Chart Tools Design
Chart Styles chn More (

).

Hnh 3.7. Chn Chart Style

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Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

3.3. Cc thao tc trn th

3.3.1. Nhn bit cac thanh phn trn thi
Cac thanh phn thng dung

1. Chart Title
2. Chart Area
3. Plot Area
4. Data Label
5. Legend
6. Horizontal Gridlines

7. Horizontal Axis
8. Data Table
9. Horizontal Axis Title
10. Vertical Gridlines
11. Vertical Axis
12. Vertical Axis Title

Hnh 3.8. Cac thanh phn trn thi

Chart area: La toan b thi cha cac thanh phn khac trong thi .
Plot area: Vng cha thi va cac bng s liu ca thi
Chart title: Tiu chi nh cua thi .
Horizontal axis title: Tiu truc hoanh cua thi , xac inh kiu d liu trinh din trn
truc hoanh.
Vertical axis title: Tiu truc tung cua thi , xac inh kiu d liu trinh din trn truc
tung.
Legend: Cac ch thch, gip ta bit c thanh phn nao trong thi biu din cho chui
s liu nao.
Data label: Biu din cac s liu cu th kem theo trn thi
Data table: Thay vi dung Data label ta co th dung Data table ngay bn di hi nh ve ,
la bng s liu ve thi.
Horizontal axis: Truc nm ngang (truc hoanh) ca thi.
Vertical axis: Truc dc (truc tung) ca thi.
Horizontal gridlines: Cac dng li ngang.
Vertical gridlines: Cac ng li dc.

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Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Mt s thanh phn chi co trong thi 3-D

Back Wall

Column Depth

Floor
Floor

Hnh 3.9. thi 3-D, cac thanh phn b sung

Back wall: Mau/ hinh hn pha sau thi

Side wall: Mau/ hinh nn cac cnh bn ca thi

Floor: Mau/ hinh nn bn di thi

Column depth: su ca cac thanh phn biu din chui s liu di dng 3-D.

3.3.2. Cc thao tc vi th
Chon thanh phn trn thi

Cach d nht la dng chut nhp ln thanh phn cn chn, thanh phn c chn se c 4
hoc 8 nt xut hin bao quanh.

Khi thi c chn, chng ta c th dng cac phm mi tn di chuyn

n cac thanh phn trong thi.

Ngoai ra, bn c th chn cac thanh phn ti Chart Tools Format Current
Selection

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Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Hnh 3.10. Chn thanh phn trn thi

Di chuyn thi

thi la Embedded Chart , nhp trai chut ln thi vung

Chart Area chon thi
di chuyn , khi o u con tro
chut c thm ky hiu mi tn 4 chiu (xem hi nh di).
Gi trai chut va di chuyn thi n ni khac.

Thay i ki ch thc thi

C th dng t hp
<Ctrl+X> chep
thi vao b nh , sao
o n vi tri mi va
nhn <Ctrl+V>
dan thi vao li.

thi la Embedded Chart , hhp trai chut ln thi vung Chart Area chon thi cn
thay i ki ch thc, khi o xung quanh thi xut hin 8 nt nm.
Di chuyn chut vao cac nt nay, gi trai chut va keo hng v tm thi thu nho va
hng ra ngoai phong to.

Sao chp thi

Chn thi, dng t hp phm <Ctrl+C> chep thi vao b nh , ri di chuyn n
mt nao o trong bang ti nh va nhn <Ctrl+V> dan thi vao.

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Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Hnh 3.11. Ky hiu tr chut khi di chuyn hay phng to / thu nho, sao chep thi
Xa thi
Chn thi sau nhn phm Delete xa thi. xa Chart Sheet, trc tin hy
chn Chart Sheet, sau nhp phi chut va chn Delete t thc n ng cnh hin ra.
Thm cac thanh phn ca thi

Chn thi chn Chart Tools Design Chart Layouts S dung cac nhm lnh
to cac thanh phn tng ng trn thi c thit k sn nh ta , ch thch, cc
nhn, ng li,

Sp xp va xa cac thanh phn ca thi

Mt s thanh phn trong thi c th di chuyn c nh ta , ch thch, nhn. Mun
di chuyn thanh phn nao trc tin hy dng chut chn n, sau nhp va gi trai ti
cnh ca thanh phn va keo n vi tr mi trong thi.
Ngoai ra c th vao Chart Tools Layout chn t cc danh sach thit k sn.
xa thanh phn nao, bn ch cn dng chut chn thanh phn va nhn phm Delete.

Hnh 3.12. Cac thanh phn trn thi

In thi

In thi cng ging nh in cac i tng khac ca Excel lu y Print Preview trc khi in
m bo trang in c trn vn ni dung.
Nu bn mun in thi thanh mt trang ring thi hy chn thi va nhp nt Print in,
khi Excel ch ra lnh in thi ma bn ang chn.

3.3.3. Hiu chnh v nh dng th

ic hiu chnh va inh dng cac thanh phn trn thi ta c
th dng Ribbon hay dng cac hp thoi. Cach d thc hin
nht la nhp phi chut ln thanh phn cn inh dng va chn
Format hay nhn <Ctrl+1>. Sau y la minh ha hiu chnh va
inh dng mt s thanh phn ca thi.

Chn Chart Area,

inh dng Font ch
se c tac dung cho
tt c cac thanh phn
ca thi.

Hiu chnh Chart Area

Chng ta c th hiu chnh mau sc, hiu ng, ng ke, khung, bng cho Chart
Area bnh cach: chn Chart Area nhp phi chut chn Format Chart Area

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10

Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Hnh 3.13. inh dng Chart Area

Ngoai ra bn c th vao Ribbon Chart Tools Format nhm Shape Styles c cung
cp rt nhiu mu inh dng dng sn rt p.

Ghi ch:

Ta c th phuc hi
tinh trng ban u
cho cac thanh phn
ca thi c
inh dng bng cach
chn thanh phn
Nhp phi chut
Reset to Match Style

o Fill: Nhm lnh lin quan n t nn cho thanh phn

ang chn
o Border Color: Nhm lnh lin quan n k khung va
mau sc ca thanh phn ang chn
o Border Styles: Cac kiu ng ket k khung ca
thanh phn ang chn.
o Shadow: Lin quan n vic bng cho thanh phn
ang chn
o 3-D Format: To hiu ng 3-D cho thanh phn ang chn.
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11

Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Hnh 3.14. inh dng bng Ribbon

Hiu chnh Flot Area

Chn Plot Area Chart Tools Format Shape Styles chn kiu inh dng

Phng to/ thu

nh Plot Area
Hnh 3.15. inh dng Plot Area

Mun phng to/ thu nh Plot Area Nhp chut trai vao cac nt bao quan Plot Area va
keo hng v Plot Area thu nh va hng ra ngoai Plot Area phng to.

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12

Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Hiu chnh tiu thi, ch thch, tiu truc hoanh va truc tung,
Ty theo kiu thi ang x ly ma E xcel cho phep bn hiu chnh cac loi tiu ca kiu
thi .

thm tiu chnh cho thi vao: Chart Tools Layout Labels Chart Title
la chn kiu t danh sach
thm tiu cho truc hoanh (hay truc tung) vao Chart Tools Layout Labels
Axis Titles la chn kiu t danh sach
thm ch thch vao Chart Tools Layout Labels Legend la chn kiu t
danh sch
thm nhn d liu vao Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Labels la chn
kiu t danh sach
thm bng d liu vao Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Table la chn
kiu t danh sach.
Ngoai ra chng ta c th chen cac Text Box vao thi Chart Tools Layout Insert
Text Box.

Nhp phi chut

ln thi va chn
Select Data
Chui s liu
v ch thch

Ch thch
truc hoanh

Hnh 3.16. Hiu chnh ch thch cho thi t hp thoi Data Source
Hiu chnh ng li ngang va doc

Mun thm hay b ng li trc tin bn chn Plot Area, ri vo Chart Tools
Layout Axes Gridlines chn kiu ph hp t danh sach.
hiu chnh mau sc, kiu ca ng li nao thi chn n va vao Chart Tools
Format Shape Style chn kiu va mau sc theo nhu cu.

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13

Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Hiu chnh cac truc

Mun hiu chnh thng s cho truc trn thi thi bn hy chn truc nhp phi chut
chn Format Axis Sau y la gii thch cac thng s trong hp thoi Format Axis.

Value Axis

Category Axis

Time Scale Axis

Hnh 3.17. Hp thoi Format Axis ty theo gia tri ca truc ma bn chn
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14

Microsoft Excel 2007

Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Value Axis
Hu ht cac thi trinh bay gia tri trn truc tung va phn nhm trn truc hoanh. Cac bn nn
chn th bit r hn cng dung ca cac ty chn.

Minimum Xc inh gia tri nh nht trn truc (gia tri khi u)
o Auto Excel t xac inh
o Fixed Qui inh gia tri nh nht cho truc
Maximum Xac inh gia tri ln nht trn truc (gia tri kt thc)
o Auto Excel t xac inh
o Fixed Qui inh gia tri nh nht cho truc
Major unit Xac inh gia tri cac khong chia chnh trn truc.
o Auto Excel t xac inh
o Fixed Qui inh gia tri nh nht cho truc
Minor unit Xac inh gia tri cac khong chia phu trn truc.
o Auto Excel t xac inh
o Fixed Qui inh gia tri nh nht cho truc
Values in reverse order o th t sp xp cac gia tri trn truc
Logarithmic scale Chuyn cac gia tri trn truc sang h logarith vi c s do ta qui inh
ti Base (khng th dng cho gia tri m hay bng 0)
Display units Chn n vi hin thi trn truc.
Show display units label on chart Cho hin thi cac nhn n vi trn thi
Major tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch chnh trn thi.
o None Khng s dung
o Inside Hin thi pha bn trong truc
o Outside Hin thi pha bn ngoai truc
o Cross Hin thi ct ngang truc
Minor tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch phu trn thi.
Axis labels Xac inh cach hin thi cac nhn trn truc
o None Khng s dung
o High Hin thi pha bn phi truc
o Low Hin thi pha bn trai truc
o Next to Axis Hin thi k bn truc (theo mc inh)
Horizontal axis crosses Cac la chn qui inh cach ma truc tung ct truc hoanh (i
vi thi 3-D chnh la ty chn Floor crosses at)
o Automatic Do Excel t xac inh.
o Axis value Xac inh gia tri ma cac truc se giao nhau
o Maximum axis value Hai truc se giao nhau ti gia tri ln nht trn truc (tung)

Category Axis

Interval between tick marks Xac inh s th hin cac nhm theo khong chia (c bao
nhiu nhm trong mt khong chia, thng la mt nhm).
Interval between labels Xac inh s xut hin ca nhn theo khong chia
o Automatic Excel t xac inh (thng la 1)
o Specify interval unit Xac inh nhn se xut hin sau bao nhiu khong
chia trn truc.
Categories in reverse order Cac nhm th hin theo th t ngc li
Label distance from axis Xac inh khong cach ca nhn so vi truc
Axis Type Xac inh loi truc s dung nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis
Major tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch chnh trn thi.

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Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Minor tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch phu trn thi.
Axis labels Xac inh cach hin thi cac nhn trn truc
Vertical axis crosses Cac la chn qui inh cach ma truc tung ct truc tung
o Automatic Do Excel t xac inh.
o At category number Xac inh s nhm m ti cac truc se giao nhau
o At maximum category Hai truc se giao nhau ti gia tri ln nht trn truc
Position Axis Qui inh cach hin thi ca cac nhm va nhn trn truc (Dng cho thi
2-D area, column, v line).
o On tick marks Hin ngay ky hiu phn cch
o Between tick marks Hin gia cac ky hiu phn cch

Time Scale Axis

Minimum Xac inh gia tri (ngay) nh nht trn truc (ngay bt u)
Maximum Xac inh gia tri (ngay) ln nht trn truc (ngay kt thc)
Major unit Xac inh khong chia chnh trn truc (n vi la ngay, thang hay nm)
Minor unit Xac inh khong chia phu trn truc (n vi la ngay, thang hay nm)
Base Unit Xac inh n vi tnh cho truc
Dates in reverse order Hin thi theo th t ngc li trn truc
Axis Type Xac inh loi truc s dung nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis
Major tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cach chnh trn thi.
Minor tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch phu trn thi.
Axis labels Xac inh cach hin thi cac nhn trn truc
Vertical Axis crosses Cac la chn qui inh cach truc tung giao vi truc hoanh
o Between dates Do Excel t xac inh
o At date Giao nhau ti ngay do bn nhp vao
o At maximum date Giao nhau ti ngay ln nht (gn y nht) trn truc
Position Axis Qui inh cach hin thi ca cac nhm va nhn trn truc (Dng cho thi
2-D area, column, v line).
o On tick marks Hin ngay ky hiu phn cach
o Between tick marks Hin gia cac ky hiu phn cach

3.3.4. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th

Xa bt mt chui s liu khi thi

Chn chui s liu trn thi (V du: chn ng cung)

Nhn phm Delete trn ban phm xt chui khi thi

Hnh 3.18.Minh ha xa chui ng cung khi thi

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Microsoft Excel 2007

Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Thm chui mi vao thi

Chn thi cn thm chui mi vao.

Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin.
Nhp nt Add, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin
t tn cho chui mi ti Series Name (bng tham chiu hoc nhp trc tip tn vao t
bn phm) va chn vng cha d liu ti Series Values

Ngoai ra ta c th thm nhanh chui mi vao thi bng cach chep (Ctrl+C) d liu ca
n vao b nh, sau chn thi va dan (Ctrl+V) vao thi.

Hnh 3.19.Minh ha thm chui d liu ca thang 3/2008 vao thi

Thay i chui s liu
Cng vi v du trn nhng ta mun ch ve cho 2 sn phm Giy v Dp
Chn thi cn chnh sa
Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin.
Chn chui cn chnh sa, nhp nt Edit, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin
Chn li vng d liu mi ti Series Values. Lam tng t cho cac chui s liu khac.

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17

Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Hnh 3.20. Minh ha thay i chui s liu

Ngoai ra chng ta c th s dung ham Series cho thi. C phap nh sau:
= Series(series_name, category_labels, values, order, sizes)
Trong :
Series_name: (ty chn) tham chiu n cha tn chui, bn c th nhp vn bn
trc tip vao nh t trong cp nhay kep.
Category_labels: (ty chn) tham chiu n vng cha cac nhn cho cac nhm s liu
trn truc, nu b trng Excel t anh s cac nhm bt u la s 1. C th nhp trc
tip cac nhn vao ngn cach nhau bng du phy va t trong cp ngoc mc {}.
Values: (bt buc) tham chiu n vng cha s liu ca cac chui cn ve.
Order: (bt buc) La s nguyn qui inh th t ve ca cac chui (nu thi c nhiu
hn 1 chui)
Sizes: (ch dng cho thi bong bng Bubble chart) Tham chiu n vng cha d
liu v kch thc ca bong bng trong thi kiu Bubble (s dung trong phn tch
ti chnh). Cac gia tri c th nhp trc tip ngn cach nhau bng du phy va t trong
cp ngoc mc {}.

Hnh 3.21. Minh ha hm Series ca chui s liu thang 3/2008

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18

Bai 3. thi va ve hinh

Microsoft Excel 2007

Thm ng xu hng vao thi

Khi ve cac thi vi d liu theo thi gian chng ta thng ve thm ng xu hng bit
c xu hng trong tng lai ca tp d liu. Mt tp s liu c th c nhiu ng xu
hng ty theo cach phn tch ca chng ta. thm ng xu hng bn vao:

Chart Tools Layout Analysis Trendline chn kiu ng xu hng t danh

sch hay vo More Trendline Options

Hnh 3.22. Minh ha thm ng xu hng vo thi

3.4. Cc kiu th
Minh ha cach ve cac kiu thi c trong Excel, mi kiu minh ha bng mt v du (ang
bin son)

3.5. th nng cao

Trinh bay cac k thut nng cao v thi, nh cach ve phi hp cac loi thi, ve thi
bng hinh nh, thi ng gng (Gantt chart), dng inh dng c iu kin ve thi va
cach to thi mu (Chart template) (ang bin son)

3.6. V hnh trong Excel

S dung cng cu ve hinh trong Ribbon Insert Illustrations nh la Shape, Word Art,
Smart Art, chen hinh nh (ang bin son)

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