INDIAS STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM

How India became free on August 15, 1947

A Lipilekha Presentation by Subrata Das

MAP OF THE WORLD

Where on earth is India?

A Lipilekha Presentation by Subrata Das

WHY DO WE CARE
Free India, as the worlds largest democracy, plays an important role in the world Free India provided opportunities for you/your parents/grandparents to come abroad Otherwise, you would probably be living in India under British colonial rule, not here in the USA You owe a lot to people who sacrificed their lives in the past so you could live free today

A Lipilekha Presentation by Subrata Das

Prominent Names
Gandhi

Subhas Bose

Nehru
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HOMAGE TO PEOPLE BEHIND INDIAS FREEDOM

Early Freedom Fighters, such as:
Mangal Pandey in 1857 Sepoy Mutiny Lakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi in 1858

Prominent Leaders, such as:

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Jawarhalal Nehru Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

Many ordinary Indians, who sacrificed their lives and careers so we could live free today
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HOMAGE TO PEOPLE BEHIND INDIAS FREEDOM

Early Freedom Fighters, such as:
Mangal Pandey in 1857 Sepoy Mutiny Lakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi in 1858

Prominent Leaders, such as:

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Jawarhalal Nehru Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

Many extraordinary Indians, who sacrificed their lives and careers so we could live free today
A Lipilekha Presentation by Subrata Das 6

STRUGGLE UNDER TWO PERIODS OF BRITISH RULE

British East India Company: 1757-1858
Battle of Plassey: 6/23/1757, Palashi, West Bengal, 90 miles north of Kolkata. British, under Robert Clive, vs. Siraj-Ud-Daulah, Nawab of Bengal. Vastly outnumbered, British bribed deposed army chief Mir Jafar who betrayed the Nawab by not allowing his troops to fight Isolated resistance to British rule: 1757-1857 Sepoy Mutiny, 1857: started by Mangal Pandey Last big battle, 1858: Lakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi

British Government: 1858-1947

Queen Victoria, Empress of India, 1876-1901 A succession of Viceroys or Governor-Generals
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STRUGGLE UNDER BRITISH RULE 1858-1947

Inspiration for Freedom: Swami Vivekananda, Sri Aurobindo, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindra Nath Tagore, Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Chitta Ranjan Das, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, Bhagat Singh, Bagha Jatin, Khudiram Bose, Surya Sen, Benoy-Badal-Dinesh Formation of Formation of Indian National Congress, 1885 Outrage at Viceroy Curzons order to partition Bengal, 1905 Formation of Muslim League, 1906: Jinnah left INC & joined ML after disagreements with Gandhi; called for division of India, 1940. Emperor George Vs visit to India, 1911, announcing reversal of the Bengal partition and transferring the capital from Kolkata to New Delhi World War I, 1914-1918: India helped Englands war efforts

A Lipilekha Presentation by Subrata Das

STRUGGLE UNDER BRITISH RULE 1858-1947 (continued)

Rowlatt Act: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 4/13/1919, soldiers fired on thousands of unarmed men, women and children, killing and wounding many Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: work in S. Africa, work in India 1915-1948, Satyagraha (devotion to truth)(non-violent civil disobedience for freedom), 241-mile Salt March in 24 days to protest salt tax 1930, Quit India call in 1932, numerous prison terms and protest fasts, assassinated on 1/30/1948. Jawarhalal Nehru: president of INCs Lahore session 1929, resolution for complete independence from Britain World War II: 1939-1945, Indias entry by Britain despite protests Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: INC president 1937, 1939, Azad Hind Movement, house arrest, escape 1/7/1941, help from abroad, Indian National Army, death under controversial circumstances
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GANDHIJIS SALT MARCH

A Lipilekha Presentation by Subrata Das

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INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY 1943

A Lipilekha Presentation by Subrata Das

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(EXTRA)ORDINARY FREEDOM FIGHTERS

Freedom fighters suffered and sacrificed Examples I know: My parents both suffered jail terms One of many incidents:
Defying police ban, my father started to deliver a speech in a meeting in Midnapore on 3/4/1932, supporting Gandhis call for non-cooperation Police beat him severely on the meeting ground and jailed him My mother visited him in jail and wept to see the welt marks on his back She was found guilty for this visit and was jailed as well

I.I.T., Kharagpur stands at the location of the Hijli jail where both Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and my father were jailed once at the same time
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INDEPENDENCE, 8/15/1947
Mountbatten, Indias Governor-General, announced partition, 6/3/1947 Independent Pakistan, 8/14/1947 Independent India, 8/15/1947
Jawarhalal Nehru, Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Deputy Prime Minister (Mountbatten 1947-1948), Rajagopalachari, Governor-General

Violent clashes between Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs Millions of refugees Republic of India, 1/26/1950
Rajendra Prasad, President of India
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PARTITION OF INDIA

A Lipilekha Presentation by Subrata Das

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TRANSFER OF POWER 8/15/1947

A Lipilekha Presentation by Subrata Das

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REFUGEE TRAIN

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MOUNTBATTEN SALUTING INDIAN FLAG

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Jai Hind

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A Lipilekha Presentation by Subrata Das

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