Seminar on 4G wireless technology

ByMukesh Kumar S-7 , EEE

What is 4G? Abbreviation of fourth generation wireless technology It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice , data and multimedia can be given to user on an anytime , anywhere basis. It includes several types of broadband wireless communication system access including cellular telephone system. It will provide seamless mobility and internet access at a rate of 100 Mbps.

History of 4G technology

Why 4G is required?

Due to substantial growth in overall number of subscribers.

Due to massive demand of new services like data , audio , image or video .

Features of 4G TECHNOLOGY

Support for multimedia services like teleconferencing and

wireless internet. Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates. Entirely packet-switched network. Global mobility and service portability. Support for previous wireless technologies. High internet speed. tight network security.

Transmission system

 an e.g. of 4G network

An imagined view of 4G mobile phone

Architecture in prospect End to end architecture Middleware architecture Infrastructure based relay network architecture Overlay network

Technology used in 4G
OFDM

UWB
Smart antennas IPv6

OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)

IT transmits large amounts of digital data over a radio wave. OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver . By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter signal interference is virtually eliminated if the max. channel delay spread is less than the time interval of cyclic prefix. In OFDM the subcarrier pulse used for transmission is rectangular. Here modulation can performed by an IDFT ,which can be generated very efficiently as an IFFT . so, receiver only needs a FFT to reverse this process.

UWB(ultra wide band)

.An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.
It is typically detected as noise. It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices . It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 Hz. It uses less power , since it transmits pulse instead of continuous signal. Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

Smart antennas
smart antenna can be employed to find tune ,and turn up signal information. smart antenna can send signal back in the same direction that they come from. There are two types of smart antennas switched beam antenna:- It has fixed beams of transmission, and switch from predefined beam to another when the user with the phone moves throughout the sector. Adaptive array antenna:- It represents the most advanced smart antenna approach to data using a variety of new signal It represent the most advanced smart antenna approach to date using a variety of new signal processing algorithms to locate and track the user, minimize interference, and maximize intended signal reception.

Advantages of Smart antenna

Optimize available power.

Increase base station range and coverage.
Reuse available spectrum.

Increase bandwidth.
Lengthen battery life of wireless devices.

smart antenna may play a large role in 4G

system . Advanced software will be needed to process

Data on sending and receiving side , and this should be

IPv6
IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 . The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4. Understanding of IPv6 in 4G- 32 bits IP address looks like this 216.37.129.9 - 216.37.129.9 may be written like 11011000.00100101.10000001.00001001 - the IP address in IPv6 version will be 4 times of IPv4; it looks like 216.37.129.9, 79.23.178.229,65.198.2.10,192.168.5.120 - i.e. IPv6 contains 4 sets of IPv4 address. - all 4 sets are defined in different functions and usages. - the first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to be the home address purpose. It just likes the normal IP address that we use for addressing in the Internet and network.

IPv6 continue
The second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be declared as the care-of address After these addresses from cell and PC established a link, care-of address will work instead of home address; it means that communication channel will switch from the first set to to the second set of the IPv6 address. The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed as mobile IP address. It is the communication channel to wire-line network and wireless network. An agent between the cell phones and PC will use this mobile IP address to establish a channel to cell phones. The last set of IP address (192.168.5.120) can be local network address for virtual private network (VPN) sharing purpose.

- In this rich data IP address, software can use them to distinguish different services and to communicate and combine with other network areas, such as computer (PC) and cell phones

QOS(quality of service)
In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability. 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%). In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction and the packet loss rate.

Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing calls .

User-level QoS depends on user mobility and application type .

Software defined ratio(SDR)

A software defined radio is one that can be
configured to any radio or frequency standard through the use of software. The phone should automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever it is required. Roaming can be an issue with different standards, but with a software defined radio, users can just download the interface upon entering new territory, or the software could just download automatically.

Application In traffic control.

location application.
Telemedicine. In crisis management application.

Wireless technology in news

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh launched the 3G services of MTNL Delhi under the banner of Jaadu or Magic. Mumbai will get the services in 2 months from now. - Dec 2008 Union minister for communication and IT A Raja launched BSNL's 3G service in Chennai by making the first video call to TN chief minister M Karunanidhi. - Feb 2009 Micromax , MTNL launch Indias cheapest 3G handset- H360. With the aim of extending Third Generation mobile services to the masses, Micromax and MTNL launched 3G-enabled Micromax H360, with a competitive price tag of Rs. 5499. - Aug 2009

Wireless technology in news continue..

3G services have already become popular in Japan, UK,Hong Kong, Australia, Sweden and Denmark. NTT Do Como has a subscriber base of more than 3.5m in Japan. Swedish mobile service provider 3 has a subscriber base of 350,000 in Sweden and Denmark, adding around 150,000 customers since mid-August. In UK,,Hutchison is the 3G service provider. While India is preparing itself to get immersed in 3G mobile telephones, the US Mobile Manufacturer, Motorola, wants to take a step further by testing the next gen telephony, 4G, in India. If this testing comes into effect, then it will the governments plan to raise Rs 35,000 crore from selling radio frequency for 3G. The company is planning to request the Department of Telecom (DoT) for a trial spectrum, Mr Subhendu Mohanty, a senior executive with Networks Mobility Business, Motorola India, told. -24 Aug 2009

source- INDIA TIMES NEWS

Limitations
Although the concept of 4G communications shows much promise, there are still limitations that must be addressed. A major concern is interoperability between the signaling techniques that are planned for use in 4G. Cost is another factor that could hamper the progress of 4G technology. The equipment required to implement the nextgeneration network are still very expensive. A Key challenge facing deployment of 4G technologies is how to make the network architectures compatible with each other. This was one of the unmet goals of 3G. As regards the operating area, rural areas and many buildings in metropolitan areas are not being served well by existing wireless networks.

Conclusion
As the history of mobile communications shows, attempts have been made to reduce a number of technologies to a single global standard. Projected 4G systems offer this promise of a standard that can be embraced worldwide through its key concept of integration. Future wireless networks will need to support diverse IP multimedia applications to allow sharing of resources among multiple users. There must be a low complexity of implementation and an efficient means of negotiation between the end users and the wireless infrastructure. The fourth generation promises to fulfill the goal of PCC (personal computing and communication)a vision that affordably provides high data rates everywhere over a wireless network.

THANK YOU