BLOOD BANKING

* Deals with the study of immunologic principles applied in blood group antigens and antibodies. Also deals with mechanisms of blood typing and crossmatching, Coombs test, detection and measurement of antibody titers, screening of donors, bleeding techniques, proper labelling, storage and disposal of blood with emphasis on quality assurance

Different tests done in Blood Banking; ABO and Rh typing Compatibility/ Crossmatching Coombs test/ Antihuman globulin test Detection and Identification of Unexpected antibodies Screening of Donors Blood Components Preparation

ABO Typing Reagents : Groups Anti- A Anti- B Reagent : Anti- D

Major Blood
1. 2. 3. 4. type type type type O A B AB

COMPATIBILITY/ CROSSMATCHING a series of procedures designed to ensure the safety of blood for transfusion Purpose : 1. to ensure maximum benefit to the recipient 2. to prevent any possible transfusion reactions due to antibodies

Specimens : Fresh, not inactivated serum, less than 48 hrs. old Serum or plasma maybe used for pretransfusion testing Blood samples should not be taken from intravenous tubing lines Both donor and recipient samples must stored for a min. of 7 days ff. transfusion

2 Kinds of Crossmatching: Major Crossmatch- PSDR Minor Crossmatch- DSPR Broad Spectrum Compatibility test : method of choice

COOMBS TEST one of the most useful and most universally applied tests employed in blood banks and immunohematology. 2 methods of Antihuman globulin test 1. Direct antiglobulin 2. Indirect antiglobulin test

BLOOD DONOR SCREENING This procedure is done to decrease the risk of blood transmissible diseases by careful examination of the potential donors.

POTENTIAL BLOOD DONOR: Criteria Age 18-60 years old Weight -110 lbs. Pulse Rate- 50- 100 beats / min. Blood Pressure- 90- 160 mm Hg ( systolic) 60-100 mm Hg ( diastolic Hemoglobin- 125 g/ L ( 12.5 g/dl) Hematocrit - 38 %