Hng dn s dng ng h vn nng

SATURDAY, 27. OCTOBER 2007, 08:53:19 HNG DN S DNG NG H VN NN

Hng dn o bng ng h (VOM) Ch tm hiu: Gii thiu v ng h vn nng, hng dn o in p xoay chiu, cc trng hp o nhm gy hng ng h. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Gii thiu v ng h vn nng ( VOM)

ng h vn nng ( VOM ) l thit b o khng th thiu c vi bt k mt k thut vin in t no, ng h vn nng c 4 chc nng chnh l o in tr, o in p DC, o in p AC v o dng in. u im ca ng h l o nhanh, kim tra c nhiu loi linh kin, thy c s phng np ca t in , tuy nhin ng h ny c hn ch v chnh xc v c tr khng thp khong 20K/Vol do vy khi o vo cc mch cho dng thp chng b st p.

S dng ng h vn nng o p AC Khi o in p xoay chiu ta chuyn thang o v cc thang AC, thang AC cao hn in p cn o mt nc, V d nu o in p AC220V ta thang AC 250V, nu ta thang thp hn in p cn o th ng h bo kch kim, nu thanh qu cao th kim bo thiu chnh xc. * Ch - ch : Tuyt i khng thang o in tr hay thang o dng in khi o vo in p xoay chiu => Nu nhm ng h s b hng ngay lp tc !

 nhm thang o dng in, o vo ngun AC => s hng ng h

 nhm thang o in tr, o vo ngun AC => s hng cc in tr trong ng h * Nu thang o p DC m o vo ngun AC th kim ng h khng bo , nhng ng h khng nh hng .

 thang DC o p AC ng h khng ln kim tuy nhin ng h khng hng

Hng dn s dng thang o in tr Cc ni dung cp : Cc tc dng ca thang o in tr, o kim tra in tr than, dng thang o in tr kim tra phng np v cc h hng ca t in. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Hng dn o in tr v tr khng. Vi thang o in tr ca ng h vn nng ta c th o c rt nhiu th. o kim tra gi tr ca in tr o kim tra s thng mch ca mt on dy dn o kim tra s thng mch ca mt on mch in o kim tra cc cun dy bin p c thng mch khng o kim tra s phng np ca t in o kim tra xem t c b d, b chp khng. o kim tra tr khng ca mt mch in o kim tra i t v bng bn dn. * s dng c cc thang o ny ng h phi c lp 2 Pn tiu 1,5V bn trong, x dng cc thang o 1Kohm hoc 10Kohm ta phi lp Pin 9V. o in tr :

o kim tra in tr bng ng h vn nng o tri s in tr ta thc hin theo cc bc sau : Bc 1 : thang ng h v cc thang o tr, nu in tr nh th thang x1 ohm hoc x10 ohm, nu in tr ln th thang x1Kohm hoc 10Kohm. => sau chp hai que o v chnh trit o kim ng h bo v tr 0 ohm. Bc 2 : Chun b o . Bc 3 : t que o vo hai u in tr, c tr s trn thang o , Gi tr o c = ch s thang o X thang o V d : nu thang x 100 ohm v ch s bo l 27 th gi tr l = 100 x 27 = 2700 ohm = 2,7 K ohm Bc 4 : Nu ta thang o qu cao th kim ch ln mt cht , nh vy c tr s s khng chnh xc. Bc 5 : Nu ta thang o qu thp , kim ln qu nhiu, v c tr s cng khng chnh xc.

Khi o in tr ta chn thang o sao cho kim bo gn v tr gia vch ch s s cho chnh xc cao nht. Dng thang in tr o kim tra t in Ta c th dng thang in tr kim tra phng np v h hng ca t in , khi o t in , nu l t gm ta dng thang o x1K ohm hoc 10K ohm, nu l t ho ta dng thang x 1 ohm hoc x 10 ohm.

Dng thang x 1K ohm kim tra t gm Php o t gm trn cho ta bit : T C1 cn tt => kim phng np khi ta o T C2 b d => ln kim nhng khng tr v v tr c T C3 b chp => kim ng h ln = 0 ohm v khng tr v.

Dng thang x 10 ohm kim tra t ho trn l php o kim tra cc t ho, t ho rt t khi b d hoc chp m ch yu l b kh ( gim in dung) khi o t ho bit chnh xc mc hng ca t ta cn o so snh vi mt t mi c cng in dung. trn l php o so snh hai t ho cng in dung, trong t C1 l t mi cn C2 l t c, ta thy t C2 c phng np yu hn t C1 => chng t t C2 b kh ( gim in dung ) Ch khi o t phng np, ta phi o chiu que o vi ln xem phng np.

Hng dn o in p mt chiu DC

Ch : Hng dn o in p mt chiu DC bng ng h vn nng, cc trng hp sai thang o, cc trng hp nhm thang o. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Hng dn o in p mt chiu DC bng ng h vn nng. Khi o in p mt chiu DC, ta nh chuyn thang o v thang DC, khi o ta t que vo cc dng (+) ngun, que en vo cc m (-) ngun, thang o cao hn in p cn o mt nc. V d nu o p DC 110V ta thang DC 250V, trng hp thang o thp hn in p cn o => kim bo kch kim,

trng hp thang qu cao => kim bo thiu chnh xc.

Dng ng h vn nng o in p mt chiu DC * Trng hp sai thang o : Nu ta sai thang o, o p mt chiu nhng ta ng h thang xoay chiu th ng h s bo sai, thng thng gi tr bo sai cao gp 2 ln gi tr thc ca in p DC, tuy nhin ng h cng khng b hng .

 sai thang o khi o in p mt chiu => bo sai gi tr. * Trng hp nhm thang o Ch - ch : Tuyt i khng nhm ng h vo thang o dng in hoc thang o in tr khi ta o in p mt chiu (DC) , nu nhm ng h s b hng ngay !!

Trng hp nhm thang o dng in khi o in p DC => ng h s b hng !

Trng hp nhm thang o in tr khi o in

p DC => ng h s b hng cc in tr bn trong!

HNG DN SD NG H S DIGITAL Ch : Gii thiu ng h s Digital, u im v nhc im, hng dn o in p DC, p AC, o in tr, o dng in, o tn s, o trang thi mch Logic bng ng h Digital. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Gii thiu v ng h s DIGITAL ng h s Digital c mt s u im so vi ng h c kh, l chnh xc cao hn, tr khng ca ng h cao hn do khng gy st p khi o vo dng in yu, o c tn s in xoay chiu, tuy nhin ng h ny c mt s nhc im l chy bng mch in t ln hay hng, kh nhn kt qu trong trng hp cn o nhanh, khng o c phng np ca t.

ng h vn nng s Digital Hng dn s dng : * o in p mt chiu ( hoc xoay chiu )

t ng h vo thang o in p DC hoc AC que ng h vo l cm " V mA" que en vo l cm "COM" Bm nt DC/AC chn thang o l DC nu o p mt chiu hoc AC nu o p xoay chiu. Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "V" hy thang o cao nht nu cha bit r in p, nu gi tr bo dng thp phn th ta gim thang o sau. t thang o vo in p cn o v c gi tr trn mn hnh LCD ca ng h. Nu t ngc que o(vi in mt chiu) ng h s bo gi tr m (-) * o dng in DC (AC) Chuyn que ng h v thang mA nu o dng nh, hoc 20A nu o dng ln. Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "A" Bm nt DC/AC chn o dng mt chiu DC hay xoay chiu AC t que o ni tip vi mch cn o c gi tr hin th trn mn hnh. * o in tr

Tr li v tr dy cm nh khi o in p . Xoay chuyn mch v v tr o " ", nu cha bit gi tr in tr th chn thang o cao nht , nu kt qu l s thp phn th ta gim xung. t que o vo hai u in tr. c gi tr trn mn hnh. Chc nng o in tr cn c th o s thng mch, gi s o mt on dy dn bng thang o tr, nu thng mch th ng h pht ra tin ku * o tn s Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "FREQ" hoc " Hz" thang o nh khi o in p . t que o vo cc im cn o c tr s trn mn hnh. * o Logic o Logic l o vo cc mch s ( Digital) hoc o cc chn ln ca vi x l, o Logic thc cht l o trng thi c in - K hiu "1" hay khng c in "0", cch o nh sau: Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "LOGIC" t que vo v tr cn o que en vo mass Mn hnh ch "" l bo mc logic mc cao, ch "" l bo logic mc thp * o cc chc nng khc ng h vn nng s Digital cn mt s chc nng o khc nh o i t, o t in, o Transistor nhng nu ta o cc linh kin trn, ta ln dng ng h c kh s cho kt qu tt hn v o nhanh hn