1

GMO

()

1 GE,

Genetically Engineered

(GMO)

GMO 2547
506

19%
28%

56%*

*%

14%


1.
2.
(Biosafety)

GMO -
1.
2. /
/

GMO -
1.

Starlink
corn

GMO -
1.
Pro-GMO

 (GE
) Aventis CropScience
1. (Split registration)
US-EPA
2. GE Taco Shell
3. PANIC (
0.4%)

Starlink
corn

GMO -
1.
Pro-GMO

No-GMO
Monarch
butterfly

PANIC GMO
1.

2.

1.
2.

GMO -
2.
1.
2.

 GMO

GMO


( UK, EU)
..

GMO

 Pharming GMO -

GMO

(Consumer Union 2005)

 GMO
Plant-made Pharmaceuticals (PMP), Pharming

GE

GMO
barley,
hops or
yeast in
this
beer?

 Anheuser-Busch
GMO
Human
Lactoferin (
)

GMO -
3.
1.

(wild relatives)
2.

 GMO


GMO

 GMO

(Gene
flow)

NON
/GMO

Wild radish
- Europe, N. America, Australia

 UK Liberty
GMO

(Charlock, Sinapsis arvensis)
(Brassica rapa)
..
.. Gene flow
GMO
Environment Secretary, UK (2005)

 Gene flow

-
- Bean Squash etc
-
-

 Gene flow

-
- Bean Squash etc
-
-

Rice is highly selfpollinated, and is not

generally pollinated
by insects
(USDA 2004)

GMO
Rice is a self pollinating plant, the pollen of which
is short lived (5 minutes) and there are no
known insect pollinators. (CSIRO 2004)
CMUPNlab

Rice is highly selfpollinated, and is not

generally pollinated
by insects
(USDA 2004)

Rice is a self pollinating plant, the pollen of which

is short lived (5 minutes) and there are no
known insect pollinators. (CSIRO 2004)
CMUPNlab

 0.1-0.5%
2 1

2-10
X X
0.25

X X
X X
X X

CMUPNlab

CMUPNlab

RM1: natural mixing of wild rice and crop rice DNAs

[PTT]

[Farmer1] [Farmer2] [Farmer3] [Farmer4] [Farmer5] [Farmer6] [Farmer7] [Farmer8] [Farmer9] [Farmer10] [Farmer11][Farmer12]

Crop
rice

Weedy rice/Farmers seed

[WR:cm ][WR:PC][WR:SN]

Wild
rice

PTT1, SPR1, CNT1 = semi-dwarf, non-photosensitive

CMUPNlab

.. 500,000

100 - 5,000 /

CMUPNlab

Maneechote el al 2005

Spread of weedy rice in farmers fields in a Kanchanaburi village

150
100
50
0
2003-D

2002-W

2002-D

2000-W

2000-D

2000-W

2000-D

1999-W

1999-D

1998-W

1998-D

NumberNumber
of fields
with weedy rice
of infested
fields infested

CMUPNlab

Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry SEASON
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003 CROP

5
5,000 /
3-4

.. 500,000

100 - 5,000 /

CMUPNlab

Maneechote el al 2005





NON-GMO GMO
e.g.
(Herbicide resistance, Hr)

Bt
Hr





NON-GMO GMO
e.g.

Clearfield
rice byBASF,
with natural
herbicide
(Herbicide
resistance)
resistant gene

Bt
Hr

GMO
(Herbicide
resistance)

Bt etc

(Horizontal gene transfer)
Pharming

Trial Sites

()
()

Beet
Maize
Spring Oil Seed Rape
Winter Oil Seed Rape

(FSE, Farm Scale

Evaluation)
GMO
(GMHR) 4

1. wildlife
+ -

Trial Sites

()
()

Beet
Maize
Spring Oil Seed Rape
Winter Oil Seed Rape

GMO

NON-GMO
+ GMO
NON-GMO

2. wildlife

GMO

Horizontal gene transfer

antibiotic resistance marker genes, ARMGS

European Food Safety Authority, 2004

 GMO
1 kanamycin, hygromycin

2 chloramphenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin,
spectinomycin

3 amikacin and tetracyclines

European Food Safety Authority, 2004

GMO -
GMO

(BIOSAFETY)


(Technical capacity)
3Molecular biology & biotechnolgy
2 Biosafety ( )
2 Agroecology
2
(microbiology, physiology,
molecular-to-population genetics)


.. 2547-2552
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.
6.
(2547)

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB)

International Law (
CBD) on biotechnology
130

BIOTECHNOLOGY + BIOSAFETY

Human health &

Plant & Animal Science &
other concerns
Technology
Husbandry
Economics
Biology (inc.
Ecology
molecular to population
genetics)
Biotechnology
Department of
European Food Safety
Authority: Assessing risks
from food and feed

Environment, Food
& Rural Affairs
UK

()
()

Trial Sites
Beet
Maize
Spring Oil Seed Rape
Winter Oil Seed Rape


(BIOTECH & BIOSAFETY)


GMO
//


(BIOTECH & BIOSAFETY)

GMO
//

 BIOSAFETY

GMO/NonGMO
Bt
GMO
GMO

(GMO-NonGMO)

Capacity