BAI TAP ANDEHIT-XETON

Cu 1 : Chia m gam andehit thnh 2 phn bng nhau -Phn 1 b t chy hon ton thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O -Phn 2 cho tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 d thu c Ag kt ta theo t l mol nandehit : nAg = 1 : 4 . Vy andeht l A : Andehit no, n chc B : Andehit no, hai chc C : Andehit fomic D : Khng xc nh c Cu 2 : t chy mt hn hp cc andehit ng ng thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O th l dy ng ng A : Andeht no , n chc B : Andehit no, mch vng C : Andehit no , hai chc D : C A , B , C u ng Cu 3 : Chn pht biu sai trong cc pht biu sau y ? A : Phn t HCHO c cu to phng , cc gc HCH v HCO u xp x 1200 . Tng t lin kt C = C , lin kt C = O gm 1 lin kt (xich ma) o v 1 lin kt (pi) , lin kt xich ma bn cn lin kt pi km bn ; tuy nhin khc vi lin kt C = C , lin kt C = O phn cc mnh B : Khc vi ru metylic v tng t nh metylclorua , andehit fomic l cht kh v khng c lin kt hidro lin phn t C : Tng t nh ru metylic v khc vi metylclorua , andehhit fomic tan tt trong nc v trong nc HCHO tn ti ch yu dng HCH(OH)2 (do phn ng cng nc) d tan , nu cn phn t HCHO th phn t ny cng to c lin kt hidro vi nc. D : fomon hay fomalin l dung dch cha 37 40% HCHO trong ru Cu 4 : Phn ng ngng t 2 phn t etanal to thnh hp cht andol ( va c nhm andehit va c nhm ru ) c thc hin vi cht xc tc l A : AlCl3 B : Ni C : Axit D : Baz Cu 5 : Trong nhiu tinh du tho mc c nhng andehit khng no to nn mi thm cho cc tinh du ny . V d tinh du qu c andehit xinamic C6H5CH=CH-CHO , trong tinh du x v chanh c xitronelal C9H17CHO . C th dng ho cht no tinh ch cc andeht trn ? A : AgNO3/ NH3 B : Cu(OH)2 / NaOH C : NaHSO3 bo ho v HCl D : H2(Ni ,t0) Cu 6 : Cng thc phn t ca andehit c dng tng qut CnH2n+2-2a -2kOk . Hy cho bit pht biu sai ? A : Cc ch s n , a , k c iu kin n > 1 ; a > 0 ; k > 1 B : Nu a = 0 ; k = 1 th thu c andehit no , n chc C : Nu andehit hai chc v mt vng no th cng thc phn t c dng CnH2n-4O2 n > 5 D : Tng s li kt pi ( ) v vng trong cng thc cu to l a Cu 7 : T khi hi ca 2 andehit no , n chc i vi oxi < 2 . t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm hai andehit trn thu c 7,04 gam CO2 . Khi cho m gam hn hp trn phn ng hon ton vi AgNO3 d trong dung dch NH3 thu c 12,96 gam Ag . Cng thc phn t ca hai andehit v thnh phn % khi lng ca chng l A : CH3CHO : 27,5% ; CH3CH2CHO : 72,5% B : HCHO : 20,5% ; CH3CHO : 79,5% C : HCHO : 3,82% ; CH3CH2CHO : 96,18% D : C A v C Cu 8 : Cho s : Vy X l : A : CH3-CH=CH2 B : CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 C : CH3-CH=CH-CH3 D : Xiclo propan Cu 9 : Cho cht A v H2 i qua Ni nung nng thu c cht B . Cht B c t khi hi i vi NO bng 2 . Ho lng cht B v cho 3 gam cht lng B tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,7 lt H2 00C v 0,8 atm . Cho 2,8 gam cht A tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 d to ra 10,8 gam Ag . Cng thc phn t ca A l A : C2H3CHO B : C2H5CHO C : CH3CHO D : HCHO Cu 10: Hp cht c cng thc phn t C3H6O tc dng c vi Na , H2 , trng hp . Vy C3H6O c th l : A : Propanal B : Axeton C : Ru Anlylic D : Etylvinylete 11-12-13 : t chy hon ton 19,2 gam hn hp X gm 2 andehit ng ng lin tip thu c 17,92 lt CO2(ktc) v 14,4 gam H2O . Nu cho 9,6 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 d th thu c m gam Ag kt ta . Nu ly 9,6 gam hn hp trn cho phn ng cng vi H2 hon ton thu c hn hp X1 gm 2 cht mi . t chy hon ton X1 thu c V lt CO2(ktc) v m, gam H2O Cu 14 : Cng thc ca 2 andeht l A : CH3CHO v CH3CH2CHO B : HCHO v CH3CHO C : O=CH-CH=O v O=C-CH2-CH=O D : CH3CH2CHO v C3H7CHO Cu 15 : Khi lng tnh bng gam ca Ag thu c l A : 75,6g B : 54,0g C : 5,4g D : 21,6g Cu 16 : Gi tr V(CO2) v m, (H2O) A : 17,92 lit v 14,4 g B : 8,96 lt v 11,7g C : 4,48 lit v 7,2 g D : 8,96 lit v 7,2g Cu 17 : Cho hn hp metanal v hidro i qua ng ng Ni nung nng . Dn ton b hn hp sau phn ng vo bnh nc lnh lm ngng t hon ton hi ca cht lng v ho tan cht kh c th tan c , khi khi lng ca bnh tng 8,65g . Ly dung dch trong bnh ny em un vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 32,4 gam Ag ( cc phn ng xy ra hon ton) . Khi lng metanal ban u l : A : 7,60g B : 7,25g C : 8,25g D : 8,40g Cu 18 : Mt ru no c cng thc thc nghim (C2H5O)n . Vy cng thc phn t ca ru l A : C6H15 O3 B : C4H10O2 C : C4H10O D : C6H14O3 Cu 19 : Cho hn hp gm khng kh (d) v hi ca 24 gam metanol i qua cht xc tc l Cu nung nng , ngi ta thu c 40 ml fomalin 36% c khi lng ring d = 1,1g/ml . Hiu sut ca qu trnh trn l A : 80,4% B : 70,4% C : 65,5% D : 76,6% Cu 20 : Cho 0,94g hn hp 2 andehit no, n chc k tip trong cng mt dy ng ng (khng cha andehit fomic) tc dng vi dung dch vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d thu c 3,24 gam Ag . Cng thc phn t 2 andehit l A : HCHO v CH3CHO B : CH3CHO v C2H5CHO C : C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO D : C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO Cu 21 : Hn hp A gm metanal v etanal . Khi oxi ho m gam A (hiu sut 100%) thu c hn hp B gm 2 axit hu c tng ng c dB/A = a . Gi tr ca a trong khong

A : 1,45 < a < 1,50 B : 1,26 < a < 1,47 C : 1,62 < a < 1,75 D : 1,36 < a < 1,53 Cu 22 : Phng php no sau y c dng trong cng nghip sn xut HCHO ? A : Oxi ho metanol nh xc tc Cu hoc Pt B : Oxi ho metanol nh xc tc nit oxit C : Thu phn CH2Cl2 trong mi trng kim hoc nhit phn (HCOO)2Ca D : Phng php A v B 23-24-25 : Hn hp Y gm 2 andehit ng ng lin tip . t chy hon ton 2,62 gam hn hp Y thu c 2,912 lit CO2(ktc) v 2,344 gam H2O . Nu cho 1,31 gam hn hp Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 th thu c m gam Ag Cu 23 : Hai andehit thuc dy ng ng A : Cha no 2 chc c lin kt pi mch cacbon B : No n chc C : No 2 chc D : Cha no n chc c 1 lin kt pi mch cacbon Cu 24 : Cng thc phn t ca 2 andehit l A : CH2O , C2H4O B : C3H4O , C4H6O C : C2H4O , C3H6O D : C3H6O , C4H8O Cu 25 : Khi lng Ag thu c l A : 5,4g B : 10,8g C : 1,08g D : 2,16g Cu 26 : Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t CxHyO2 c MA < 90 dvC , A tham gia phn ng trng gng v c th tc dng vi H2/Ni,t0 sinh ra mt ancol c cacbon bc bn trong phn t . Cng thc cu to ca A l A : (CH3)3CCHO B : (CH3)2CHCHO C : (CH3)3C-CH2-CHO D : (CH3)2CH-CH2-CHO Cu 27 : Hn hp X gm 2 andehit A v B . Oxi ho 7,2 gam hn hp X bng dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 sau axit ho thu c 2 axit tng ng . Trung ho ht lng axit bng dung dch NaOH , sau nung nng hn hp vi vi ti xt thu c 3,36 lt hn hp kh , cho hn hp kh vo 300 ml dung dch KMnO4 1M trong H2SO4thy th tch hn hp gim i 1/3 ng thi mu tm ca dung dch b nht mu. Bit s nguyn t cacbon trong A ln hn trong B mt nguyn t (cc kh u o ktc) . Cho bit cng thc cu to ca A v B A : HCHO v CH3CHO B : CH3CHO v C2H5CHO C : CH2=CH-CHO v CH3-CHO D : kt qu khc Cu 28: Cho 3,6 gam ankanal X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 , lng Ag sinh ra cho tc dng ho ton vi dung dch HNO3 c thu oc 2,8 lt kh NO2 ( sn phm kh duy nht 136,50C , p sut 1,2 atm) . Cng thc phn t ca ankanal l A : HCHO B : CH3CHO C : C2H5CHO D : Kt qu khc Cu 29 : Cho 4,2 gam mt andehit A mch h tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 thu c hn hp mui B . Nu cho lng Ag sinh ra tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c to ra 3,792 lt kh NO2 ( sn phm kh duy nht 270C , p sut 740mmHg) t khi hi ca A so vi nit nh hn 4 . Mt khc khi cho 4,2 gam A tc dng vi 0,5 mol H2(Ni t0) thu c cht C vi hiu sut 100% . Cho C tan vo nc c dung dch D . cho 1/10 dung dch D tc dng vi Na cho 12,04 lt H2(ktc) . Cng thc phn t ca A l A : C2H5CHO B : CH3CHO C : C2H3CHO D : Kt qu khc Cu 30 : Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H6O2 v ch cha mt loi nhm chc . T X v cc cht v c khc , bng 3 phn ng lin tip c th iu ch c cao su Buna . Cng thc cu to c th c ca X l : A : O=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=O B : HO-CH2-C=C-CH2-OH C : CH3-CO-CO-CH3 D : C A , B , C u ng Cu 31 : Ly 0,94 gam hn hp hai andehit no , n chc , k tip trong cng mt dy ng ng tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 3,24 gam Ag . Cng thc phn t hai andehit l : A : HCHO v CH3CHO B : CH3CHO v C2H5CHO C : C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO D : C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO Cu 32 : Hp cht hu c X khi un nng nh vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) thu c sn phm Y . Y tc dng c vi dung dch HCl hoc dung dch NaOH . u cho 2 kh v c . Hp cht X l A : HCHO B : HCOOH C : HCOONH4 D : C A , B , C u ng Cu 33 : Ba cht hu c X , Y , Z c cng thc phn t dng (CH2O)n vi n < 3 . Cho bit X ch tham gia phn ng trng gng Y Va tham gia phn ng trng gng , va phn ng vi Na Z tc dng vi NaHCO3 va , lm bay hi nc ca dung dch sau phn ng , sn phm khan cn li c th tip tc tc dng vi Na . Oxi ho Z iu kin thch hp to thnh hp cht ch cha mt loi nhm chc . t chy hon ton X , Y , Z vi s mol bng nhau th s mol nc thu c t X nh hn t Y v s mol nc thu c t Y nh hn t Z . Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca X , Y , Z A : CH3-CHO ; HO-CH2CH2-CHO ; CH3COOH B : C2H5-CHO ; HO-CH2-CH2-OH ; HO-CH2-COOH C : HCHO . HO-CH2-CHO , HO-CH2-CH2COOH D : Kt qu khc Cu 34 : Cc hp cht hu c mch h cha cc nguyn t cacbon , hidro v oxi l M , N , P , Q u c khi lng phn t bng 60 dvC . Cc cht N , P , Q tc dng c vi Na gii phng H2 . Khi oxi ho N ( c xc tc) to thnh sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng . Cht P tc dung c vi dung dch NaOH . Cht Q c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng Cht M khng tc dng vi Na , khng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH v khng tham gia phn ng trng gng . Cc cht M , N , P ,Q c th l : M N P Q A CH3OC2H5 C3H7OH CH3COOH HOCH2CHO B C3H7OH CH3OC2H5 HOCH2CHO CH3COOH C HOCH2CHO CH3COOH CH3OC2H5 C3H7OH D Kt qu Khc Cu 35 : Hai hp cht hu c X v Y ng chc cha cc nguyn t C , H , O khi tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th 1 mol X hoc Y to ra 4 mol Ag . Khi t chy X v Y th t l s mol O2 tham gia phn ng t chy , CO2 v H2O to thnh nh sau i vi X : n(O2) : n (CO2) : n (H2O) = 1 : 1 : 1 i vi Y : n (O2) : n (CO2) : n (H2O) = 1,5 : 2 : 1

Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l A : CH3CHO v HCHO B : HCHO v C2H5CHO C : HCOOH v HCHO D : HCHO v O=CH-CH=O Cu 36 : Cho hp cht hu c X (phn t ch cha C , H , O v mt loi nhm chc) . Bit khi cho 5,8 gam X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 to ra 43,2 gam Ag . Mt khc 0,1mol X sau khi c hidro ha hon ton phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na . Cng thc cu to ca X l A : HCOOH B : CH3CHO C : O=CH-CH=O D : CH2=CH-CHO Cu 37 : Cho 13,6 gam mt hp cht hu c X cha C , H , O tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch AgNO3 2M trong NH3 thu c 43,2 gam Ag . Bit t khi hi ca X so vi oxi bng 2,125 . Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X A : CH3CH2CHO B : CH2=CH-CH2-CHO C : CH=C-CH2CHO D : CH=C-CHO Cu 38 : Mt hp cht hu c Y cha cc nguyn t C , H , O ch cha mt loi nhm chc . khi cho 0,01 mol Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d thu c 4,32 gam Ag . Y c cu to mch thng v cha 37,21% oxi v khi lng . Cng thc cu to ng ca Y l A : HCHO B : CH3CHO C : O=CH-CH=O D : O=CH-(CH2)2CH=O Cu 39 : Cho 0,1 mol andehit X tc dng hon ton vi H2 th cn 6,72 lt H2(ktc) v thu c sn phm Y . Cho ton b lng Y tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2(ktc) . Mt khc ly 8,4 gam X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 43,2 gam Ag . Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X v Y A : CH3CHO v C2H5OH B : C2H2(CHO)2 v HOCH2CH(CH3)CH2OH C : C2H2(CHO)2 v HO-CH2(CH2)2CH2OH D : C B v C Cu 40 : Cht hu c X cha C , H , O trong hidro chim 2,439% v khi lng . Khi t chy X thu c s mol ca H2O bng s mol ca X b t chy . Bit 0,1 mol X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 thu c 43,2 gam Ag . Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X A : HCOOH B : CH3CHO C : CH=C-CHO D : O=CH-C=C-CH=O Cu 41 : Cho 2,4 gam mt hp cht hu c X (cha C , H , O) tc dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 thu c 7,2 gam Ag . Xc nh cng thc cu to thu gn ca X A : CH3CHO B : C2H5CHO C : HCHO D : C3H7CHO Cu 42 : Cho 3 hp cht hu c X , Y , Z . Bit X cha 3 nguyn t C, H ,Cl trong clo chim 71,72% theo khi lng . Y cha 3 nguyn t C , H , O trong oxi chim 55,71% theo khi lng . Khi thu phn X trong mi trng kim hoc hidro ho Y u thu c hp cht Z . Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X , Y , Z A : CH3Cl , HCHO , CH3OH B : C2H5Cl , CH3CHO , C2H5OH C : C2H4Cl2 , (CHO)2 , C2H4(OH)2 D : Kt qu khc Cu 43 : X l hp cht hu c mch h n chc cha C , H , O . t chy hon ton 1 mol X cn 4 mol oxi v thu c CO2 v hi H2O c th tch bng nhau (o cng iu kin nhit v p sut) . Xc nh cng thc cu to c th c ca X A : CH3-CH2-CHO hoc (CH3)2CO B : CH2=CH-CH2-OH C : CH2=CH-O-CH3 D : c A , B , C Cu 44 : t chy hon ton 0,059 gam hp cht hu c X ch thu c 0,140 gam CO2 v 0,072 gam H2O . T khi hi ca X i vi oxi bng 2,31 1-Lp cng thc phn t ca X A : C3H6O B : C2H6O2 C : C4H10O D : C5H12O 2- Ly 7,4 gam hp cht X em oxi ho hon ton thnh hai cht Y v Z . Cht Y c phn ng trng gng . Cht Z b trung ho bi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M . Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y v Z A : CH3CHO v CH3COOH B : HCHO v HCOOH C : C3H7CHO v C3H7COOH D : Kt qu khc Cu 45 : Cho 47,84 gam ru etylic tc dng vi hn hp K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 . Sn phm ca phn ng c tch ngay ra khi mi trng phn ng bng phng php chng ct v dn vo dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d . Sau khi kt thc phn ng , thu c 124,2 gam Ag . Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho ru etylic A : 55% B : 70% C : 75% D : Kt qu khc Cu 46 : X l hp cht hu c cha C , H , O . Bit X c phn ng trng gng v phn ng vi dung dch NaOH . t chy hon ton a mol X thu c 3a mol CO2 v H2O . X l A : HCOOH B : HCOOCH3 C : CHO-COOH D : CHO-CH2-COOH Cu 47 : C th dng nc Brom phn bit A : Andehit no v xeton no B : Andehit no v ru khng no C : Phenol v anilin D : A hoc C