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--GVHD: Thy L Thnh Cng--

--LP 08CTT 01--

--Nhm 2-1

Cu lnh iu kin if
ngha
Mt cu lnh if cho php chng trnh c th thc hin khi lnh ny hay khi lnh khc ph thuc

vo mt iu kin c vit trong cu lnh l ng

hay sai.

Cu trc:
Lnh if khng c else: if (iu kin) { cc_cu_lnh; } V d:
iu kin false

true Cc cu lnh

if ((i > 0) && (i < 10)) { System.out.println(i + la so nguyen nam giua 0 va 10); }
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Lnh if c else:
if (Biu_thc_logic) { Cc_cu_lnh_ng_BT_ng; } Else { Cc_cu_lnh_ng_BT_sai; } true

Biu thc logic

false

Cc cu lnh khi g t BT l true /

Cc cu lnh khi g t BT l false /

Lnh if c else:
V d: if (bankinh >= 0) { dientich = bankinh*bankinh*PI; System.out.println("Dien tich hinh tron co ban kinh " + bankinh + " la " + dientich); } else { System.out.println("Du lieu khong hop le!"); }

Lnh if lng nhau

V D: if (score >= 90) grade = A; else if (score >= 80) grade = B; else if (score >= 70) grade = C; else if (score >= 60) grade = D; else grade = F;
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Mt s ch khi lm vic vi cu lnh if v if-else:

1. Ghp sai if v else trong trng hp cu lnh if-else lng nhau. Mnh else gn vi mnh if gn nht trong cng mt khi
V d, on lnh sau: int i = 1; int j = 2; int k = 3; if (i > j) if (i > k) System.out.println("A"); else System.out.println("B"); l tng ng vi: int i = 1; int j = 2; int k = 3; if (i > j) if (i > k) System.out.println("A"); else System.out.println("B");
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Mt s ch khi lm vic vi cu lnh if v if-else:

2. Thm mt du chm phy cui mnh if. V d: if (bankinh >= 0); WRONG { dientich = bankinh*bankinh*PI; System.out.println("Dien tich hinh tron co ban kinh " + bankinh + " la " + dientich); } else { System.out.println("Du lieu khong hop le!"); }

Mt s ch khi lm vic vi cu lnh if v if-else:

3. Mt du ngoc kt thc khi:

V d:
If (a>b) { C = a+b; D = e+f; Else c=d+f;

Mt s ch khi lm vic vi cu lnh if v if-else:

4. bt mnh else gn vi mnh if u tin, bn phi thm mt cp ngoc nhn: int i = 1; int j = 2; int k = 3; if (i > j) { if (i > k) System.out.println("A"); } else System.out.println("B"); on lnh trn s in ra k t B.

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Ch

if (n % 2 == 0) iseven = true; else iseven = false;

Tng ng

boolean iseven = (n % 2 == 0)

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Lnh switch
Cu trc

V d: switch (sonam) { case 7: laisuatnam = 7.25; break; case 15: laisuatnam = 8.50; break; case 30: laisuatnam = 9.0; break; default: System.out.println ("Sai so nam, nhap 7, 15, hoac 30"); }

switch (biu thc) { case giatri1: dy lnh 1 ; break; case giatri2: dy lnh 2 ; break; case giatriN: dy lnh n ; break; default: dy lnh N+1; break; }

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Lu lnh switch
sonam

=7 7 =

laisuatnam = 7 .25 ;

break ;

#7

7 sonam

= 15

laisuatnam = 8. 5 ;

break ;

15 # #15
sonam = =30 laisuatnam = 9. 0 ; break ;

# 30 ( (default)
system .out .println (Sai so nam ! );

Lnh k tip

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V d: In s ngy ca mt thng bt k no c nhp t bn phm. int th; switch (th) { case 1: case 3: case 5: case 7: case 8: case 10: case 12: System.out.println("thng ny c 31 ngy") ; break ; case 2: System.out.println( "thng ny c 28 ngy") ; break; case 4: case 6: case 9: case 11: System.out.println(" thng ny c 30 ngy" ); break; default: System.out.println("Bn nhp sai thng, khng c thng ny") ; }

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TON T TAM NGUYN L G ZY C ????????

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1.c im:
Ton t ny s xc nh gi tr ca mt biu thc iu kin

Biu thc iu kin ny phi tr v mt gi tr kiu boolean. Khi iu kin ng th s c thc, cn ngc li iu kin sai th s vn c thc hin. Ton t ny c ngha : Nu iu kin ng th lm cng vic th nht, cn ngc li iu kin sai th lm cng vic th hai.

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2.Cu trc :
(biu thc iu kin) ? (gi tr tr li nu true) : (gi tr tr li nu false)

V d1:
a= 4 > 3 ? 5 : 7

V d 2:
giveTicket = speed > speedLimit ? true : false

V d 3:
Dng trong iu khin dng chng trnh (control flow): if (speed > speedLimit ? true : false;)

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u im
Chng trnh sng sa,d hiu T duy gii thut r rng Ton t ny s xc nh gi tr ca mt biu thc iu kin, biu thc iu kin ny phi tr v mt gi tr kiu boolean. Khi iu kin ng th c thc hin, cn iu kin sai th s vn c thc hin.

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LU :
iu kin
true false

Value 1

Value 2

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KT LUN:
Nh vy so vi pascal th trong java c ton t tam nguyn. y l 1 thun li ca java. V trong pascal nu ta nhp sai iu kin th chng trnh s khng c thc hin. Cn trong java th khc, chng trnh vn c thc hin theo hng khc.

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Mt vng lp bao gm mt cu lnh hoc mt khi lnh m c thc hin lp i lp li cho n khi iu kin c th c nhn gi tr ng hoc sai Vng lp cho php ngi lp trnh pht trin cc chng trnh mt cch ngn gn, m nu khng s yu cu hng ngn cu lnh cho chng trnh

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Cu lnh While Cu lnh do-while Cu lnh For

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Cu lnh While trong java tng t nh cu lnh Whiledo trong Pascal, cu lnh While c s dng thc hin mt cu lnh hoc mt khi lnh trong khi iu kin c lin quan n l ng. iu kin c kim tra trc khi cu lnh c thc hin. iu kin cho cu lnh While c th l bt k biu thc no tr v kiu Boolean.

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CU LNH WHILE
Cu trc: While (iu kin lp) { // Cc cu lnh; iu kin tip tc lp
False

true

}
Thn vng lp

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 V d: int i = 1; While (i<=5) { System.out.println (\n%d * 10 = %di,i*10); i ++; } Xut ra mn hnh

1*10 = 10 2*10 = 20 3*10 = 30 4*10 = 40 5*10 = 50

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a. Cu lnh while

Ch :

Gi tr cc bin c s dng trong biu thc ca vng lp While phi c t ti mt s im trc khi vng lp While c truy xut n. Tin trnh ny c goi l s khi to cc bin v phi c thc hin ch mt ln trc khi c s thc thi ca vng lp. Thn ca vng lp phi c mt biu thc dng thay i gi tr ca bin m l mt phn t ca biu thc vng lp.

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Ch
Nu mt cu lnh While c vit nh sau: While (true) { ... } iu kin n gin l kiu Boolean tr v gi tr true. Vi iu kin ny y l vng lp While v hn.

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Cu lnh do-while tng t nh cu lnh Repeatuntil trong pascal. Cu lnh ny c dng kim tra iu kin ti im kt thc ca vng lp. iu kin ca cu lnh do while thng bao gm mt biu thc m xc nhn gi tr l kiu Boolean. Khi vng lp do-while c gi th khi lnh trong do s c thc thi ngay, sau iu kin c kim tra, nu iu kin ng th on code trong khi lnh do c thc thi, nu iu kin cn ng th on code trong khi lnh do c thc thi nhiu ln tng ng vi s ln iu kin kim tra cho kt qu ng

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CU LNH DO-WHILE
Cu trc:
do { // thn vng lp; Cc cu lnh; } While (iu kin tip tc lp) ; true iu kin tip tc lp False

Thn vng lp

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CU LNH DO-WHILE
V d:
int i = 1; s = 0; do { s = s + i; i ++; } while (i <= 10); system.out.println (tong la+ s );

Xut ra mn hnh:
tong la 55

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Cu trc lp c bn nht trong ngn ng Java l cu lnh for, cu lnh ny cho php bn lp tng bc trn mt phm vi gi tr cho php xc nh s ln thc thi vng lp. cu lnh For th iu kin c kim tra trc khi cu lnh c thc thi tng t nh vng lp For trong Pascal..

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CU LNH FOR
Cu trc: For (khi to; k tip tc lp; cng vic sau mi ln lp) { // thn vng lp; Cc cu lnh; } Khi to: khi to bin c s dng trong vng lp iu kin tip tc lp: bao gm cc iu kin c kim tra trc khi cc cu lnh trong vng lp c thc thi. Cng vic sau mi ln lp: bao gm cc cu lnh m s thay i gi tr ca bin (cc bin) in hnh nh cc php ton tng v gim nh: ++, -- v cc php ton rt gn nh += hoc -=

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LU CU LNH FOR
Khi to

iu kin tip tc lp

False

True Thn vng lp

CV sau mi ln lp
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1, Vng lp khng chy

1.1, Nu khng gn gi tr cho i

for(int i;i<=10;i++){ System.out.println("so "+i); } for(int i ; ;i++){ System.out.println("Hello world"); }
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Hoc

Vng lp For khng chy

1.2, Nu khng khai bo i
for( ;i<=10;i++) { System.out.println("so "+i); }
Hoc

for(;i<=10;) { System.out.println("Hello world"); } Vng lp khng chy v chng trnh khng hiu bin i

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2. Vng lp chy v hn
1, Nu thiu biu thc iu kin for(int i=0; ;i++) { System.out.println("so "+i); } Xut ra mn hnh: So 2 So 3 .. .. .. 2, Nu thiu cng vic sau mi ln lp: for(int i=0;i<=10; ) { System.out.println("so"+i); }

Xut ra mn hnh:
So 0 So 0 So 0 So 0
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2. Vng lp chy v hn
3, Thiu c 2 thnh phn : iu kin v cng vic sau mi ln lp for(int i=1; ; ) { System.out.println("Hello world lan` : "+ i); } Xut ra mn hnh Hello world lan` : 1 Hello world lan` : 1 Hello world lan` : 1 Hello world lan` : 1 .. .. 4, Thiu c 3 thnh phn for( ; ; ){ System.out.println("Hello world"); }

Xut ra mn hnh Hello World Hello World Hello World

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CU LNH FOR
Ch :
Gia cc thnh phn trong For l du ; khng phi du , Nhng khng c du chm phy ti im kt thc ca biu thc v cng vic sau mi ln lp.

Khc vi vng lp For trong pascal iu kin thot vng lp v gi tr khi to bin c th nm trong hoc ngoi vng lp. Biu thc iu kin v cng vic sau mi ln lp c th khuyt, nhng phi c b sung trong phn thn ca vng lp m bo vng lp chy bnh thng.

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CU LNH FOR
int i; For ( i=1; i<10; i++) For ( int i=1; ; i ++) { // do something If ( i >= 10) break; } For (int i=1; i <10;) { // do something i++; }
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For (int i=1; i<10; i++) {

// do something }

CU LNH FOR Ch
S c ln bn mun bao gm nhiu cu lnh hn trong phn khi to bin v phn cng vic sau mi ln lp ca vng lp For. Hy s dng du phy.

V d: Vi chng trinh sau ta c th vit li bng vic dng

du phy kt hp 2 bin a v b trong cng 1 vng lp for:

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CU LNH FOR
int a, b; b = 4; For(a = 1; a <b; a + +) { System.out.println ("a =" + a); System.out.println ("b =" + b); b--; } int a, b; For (a = 1, b = 4; a <b; a + +, b--) { System.out.println ("a =" + a); System.out.println ("b =" + b); }

Xut ra mn hnh: a=1 b=4 a=2 b=3

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VNG LP LNG NHAU

Khi t vo mt vng lp no trong phn thn ca vng lp

khc c gi l vng lp lng nhau. C nhiu loi vng lp lng nhau c to ra t s kt hp gia 3 loi vng lp trn. Nhng hu ht cc vng lp lng nhau l thuc vo dng vng lp ca cu lnh FOR.

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V d:
for(int i=1;i<=3;i++){ for(int j=1;j<=2;j++){ System.out.printf(\n %d %d,i,j); } }

Xut ra mn hnh
11 12 21 22 31 32

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S khc nhau gia cc vng lp

WHILE/FOR iu kin c kim tra TRC khi cc cu lnh trong phm vi vng lp c thc hin. Vng lp khng c thc hin nu iu kin khng c tha mn ti im bt u. DO-WHILE iu kin c kim tra SAU khi cc cu lnh trong phm vi vng lp c thc hin. Nu iu kin khng c tha mn th vng lp vn c thc hin t nht mt ln ti im bt u.

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45

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Java h tr ba lnh nhy: break continue Label Cc lnh ny truyn iu khin sang phn khc ca chng trnh

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Lnh break:
Lnh break cho php nhy qua mt s cu lnh n cu lnh tip theo sau ca vng lp. S dng break chng ta c th thot khi vng lp ngay c khi iu kin n kt thc cha c tho mn. Lnh ny c th c dng kt thc mt vng lp khng xc nh hay buc n phi kt thc gia chng thay v kt thc mt cch bnh thng .

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While< biu thc boolean 1>{ Lnh 1; Lnh 2; If(biu thc boolean 2) Beak; {Lnh 3; Lnh 4;} } Lnh 5;

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Lnh continue: Cu lnh nhy (jump) Ngc li vi break lnh continue cho nhy ln u vng lp While< biu thc boolean 1>{ Lnh 1; Lnh 2; If (biu thc boolean 2) Continue; {Lnh 3; Lnh 4;} } Lnh 5;

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Khng ging nh pascal, Java khng h tr lnh goto nhy n 1 v tr no ca chng trnh. Java dng kt hp nhn (label) vi t kha break v continue thay th cho lnh goto.

Lnh label:
-xc nh v tr ca nhn v xem nh tn ca vng lp ngoi. Nu <biu thc iu kin> ng th lnh break label s thc hin vic nhy ra khi vng lp c nhn l label, Ngc li s tip tc vng lp c nhn label (khc vi break v continue thng thng ch thot khi hay tip tc vng lp trong cng cha n.).

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V d: label: for () { for () { if (<biu thc iu kin>) break label; else } } continue label;

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Mt s v d
*break vi for: break s thot ngay ra khi vng for Code: for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { System.out.println(i);break; System.out.println("Tiep tuc"); }

Kt qu in ra khng c cu "Tiep tuc" v break nhy ngay ra khi vng for sau khi in 1 *continue vi for: continue s khin vng for bt u 1 chu trnh mi v b qua tt c cc lnh bn di n VD: in tt c cc s t 0 n 10, b qua 3,4,5 Code:
for(int i=0;i<10;i++) { if((i= =3)(i= =4)(i= =5)) continue; System.out.println(i); }

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Mt s v d
*break vi while: break s thot ngay ra khi vng while Code: int i=0; while(i<10) { System.out.println(i);break; i++; }

S ch in ra 0 * continue vi while: n s xc nh gi tr biu thc vit ngay sau while Code: int i=0; while(i<10) { System.out.println(i);continue; i++; }
Ta s c mt lot in 0 v tn
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Mt s v d
*break vi do..while: break s thot ngay ra khi vng while Code: int i=0; do { System.out.println(i);break; i++; }while(i<10); S ch in ra 0 * continue vi do..while: n s xc nh gi tr biu thc vit ngay sau while Code: int i=0; do { System.out.println(i);continue; i++; } while(i<10);

Ta s c mt lot in 0 v tn

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Block code 1

Block code 2 Block code 3

Test 1

Test 2

Test 3 Tested OK
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continue Block code 1 Block code 2 Block code 3 Test 1

Failed

Test 2

Test 3 Tested OK
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NHNG IM MNH V YU CA JAVA SO VI NGN NG LP TRNH KHC

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Nhanh , gn , d iu khin , d dng.

C nhiu cch ly v x l d liu , tng tc vi database d dng hn . Java x l d liu thng tin qua cc phng thc ca cc gi c sn , mang tnh bo mt , ng gi d liu tt hn .

Trong Java khng c khi nim con tr , nhng Java c h tr cc kiu d liu tham chiu nh Stack , List , String c ch bt li tt.Thu dn b nh thng qua my o mt cch t ng , trnh vic b trn b nh .

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 Java c cc cng c thng mi h tr hu ht cho cc h iu hnh hin nay. Tuy Microsoft g b h tr Java khi ci t mc nh ca cc phin bn Windows mi , nhng vic b sung rt d dng. Pascal c thit k ch yu dng dy lp trnh , Pascal yu cu tnh cu trc kh nghim ngt . Pascal c cc cng c thng mi v min ph cho DOS, Windows , Macv cc h iu hnh h Unix.

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Nhm 02 Lp 08CTT1
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