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Thc tp c s

BI 1
V S NGUYN L DNG ORCAD CAPTURE 9.2
I. MC CH
-

Gip sinh vin tip cn vi phn mm h tr trong lnh vc thit k mch in t l

Orcad 9.2. Phn mm gm 3 phn chnh: V s nguyn l (Schematic), m phng
(Simulation) v v mch in (Layout). Do , cc bi 1, 2, 3, 4 c quan h mc xch vi
nhau, sinh vin cn lu trong qu trnh thc hnh.
V Schematic ca 1 s mch in.
To th vin linh kin mi trong trng hp linh kin khng c trong danh sch th
vin ca Orcad.
To cc file Netlist
Ch : Nhng vn chi tit v cch v sinh vin c th hc trong phn Learning
Capture trong phn Help v s c dy trc tip trn my tnh.

II. V S MCH BNG ORCAD CAPTURE CIS

1. Khi ng Orcad Capture CIS:
-

Khi ng chng trnh Capture CIS to 1 s mi bng cch vo Start/

Programs/ Orcad Farmily Release 9.2/ Capture CIS.
Chon Menu File/ New/ Project, khi xut hin hp thai New Project
nh tn Project cn t vo Name.
nh du chn vo: Analog or Mixed Signal Circuit Wizard ( nu mun dng
Schematic m phng v v mch in), hoc Schematic (nu ch mun v mch n)
Khi , s xut hin tip hp thai Creative Pspice Protect, chn 1 trong 2 ty chn v
ni cn lu file project, ri nhn vo nt OK

2. Cc bc c bn khi v Schematic:
t linh kin:
o Dng chut nhp vo nt Place Part trn thanh Toolbar hoc g phm P t bn
phm.
o Trong ca s Place Part g tn linh kin vo Part, nu khng tm thy linh
kin, nhn nt Add Library b sung vo th vin.
o Ch , nn chn ngun v mass phi ng nht chy m phng ng.
o Mt s linh kin thng dng:
Tn
Part name
Library
in tr
R
analog.olb
Khoa K Thut in T 2
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Thc tp c s

Bin tr
T in
Cun dy
Transistor NPN
Transistor PNP
Diode
Opamp
Ngun p SIN
Ngun p DC
IC555
Switch

R_var
analog.olb
C
analog.olb
L
analog.olb
Q2N2222
bipolar.olb
Q2N2907A
bipolar.olb
D1N4148
diode.olb
LM741
opamp.olb
VSIN
source.olb
VSRC
source.olb
555B
anl_misc.olb
Sw_tclose
anl_misc.olb
Sw_topen
anl_misc.olb
o Trong qu trnh t linh kin, mun xoay linh kin th nhn R hay click phi
chut ri chn chc nng xoay.
Ni dy:
o Dng chut nhp vo nt Place Wire trn thanh Toolbar, lc ny biu tng
chut c hnh dng du cng, cho php ta ni cc chn linh kin li vi nhau.
o Di chuyn chut ko di dy ni.
o Click phm tri chut to 1 gc vung, v tip tc v.
o Click phm phi chut, chn End Wire kt thc dy ni.
o Nu ni b dy, nhn Place Bus trn thanh Toolbar v thc hin tng t,
nhng ch l phi t Next Name trong cc dy trong b dy bng cch nhn
nt Place Net Alias
nh dng Text trong Schematic:
o Nhn nt Place Text, th hp thai xut hin, nh vo dng Text cn thit ri
chn OK
Chn linh kin:
o Nhn nt Select, sau dng chut chn linh kin.
Chnh sa thng s ca linh kin:
o Double Click ln gi tr ca linh kin. Khi , xut hin hp thai Display
Properties, nhp gi tr mi vo Value, ri chn OK.
o Cc k hiu n v (cho in tr, t in, in p, dng in, tn s,)

Khoa K Thut in T 2
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Thc tp c s

f ( femto) 10 15
p ( pico) 10 12
n(nano) 10 9
u (micro) 10 6
m(mili ) 10 3
k (kilo) 103
MEG (mega ) 106
G ( giga ) 109
T (tera ) 1012

Cch k hiu trn u nh nhau i vi ch hoa v ch thng

Thay i thng s k thut ca Transistor, diode:
o Trn Schematic nh du chn Transistor, diode ri Click phi chut chn
Edit Pspice Model, khi xut hin hp thai Spice Mode. Ti y, ta thay i
nhng thng s cn thit, sau ng ca s li.
3. Lu file sau khi v xong:
-

Sau khi v xong, nu mun lu file vi tn c th chn nt Save.

Trong trng hp mun lu file vi tn mi th vo File Save as v t tn file.
File schematic l file c dng *.dsn

III. TO FILE NETLIST:

-

Sau khi v xong Schematic, trnh Layout v Pspice hiu c file.dsn th cn phi
bin dch sang dng file Netlist tng ng.
Chuyn sang ca s chnh (project manager), chn file hay page cn bin dch, chn
Tool Create Netlist, lc ny ca s Create Netlist s hin ra v ta mun chn bin
dch sang Layout hay Pspice th chn Tab tng ng v nhn OK.
o Nu l Layout th cho ta file.mnl
o Nu l Pspice th cho ta file.net
Cc file ny s cha thng tin kt ni chn linh kin cng nh cc thng s k thut
(nu l file.net).

IV. TO LINH KIN V TH VIN MI

-

Trc tin to th vin cha linh kin bng cch mn hnh chnh ca Orcad Capture,
chn File New Library, mn hnh Library xut hin. Mun i tn th vin th
chn th vin hin hnh, click phi chut, chn Save as i tn.
Khoa K Thut in T 2
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-

Thc tp c s

To linh kin mi trong th vin bng cch t v tr th vin hin hnh, click phi
chut chn New Part, hp New Part Properties xut hin, nh vo tn linh kin
OK, mn hnh v linh kin xut hin. Trong mn hnh ny ta dng cc cng c:
Place pin, place pin array, place text, place rectangle, to hnh dng theo yu
cu Save trc khi thot.

V. NI DUNG THC HNH

-

Bi 1:
V s Schematic v chuyn sang Netlist cc mch sau :
o Mch khuch i:
Vcc

Vin
Vcc
Vcc

12Vdc

V1 VOFF = 0
VAMPL = 20mV
FREQ = 50
Rc

4.7k
R1
Ci

Vout

150k Q1

Vin
Q2SC1815
4.7u

R2
15k

Ce
Re

1u

470

o Mch ghp/tch knh ng b:

Khoa K Thut in T 2
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Thc tp c s

Bi 2:

To linh kin c tn Led7 nh sau, ri lu vo th vin mylib-schematic.

U1
LED 7 DOAN
3

DP

7
6
4
2
1
9
10

A
B
C
D
E
F
G

led7

Np cc file thit k s nguyn l : *.sch; *.obj; *.dsn

Np file thit k th vin

Khoa K Thut in T 2
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Thc tp c s

BI 2
V S MCH IN DNG ORCAD LAYOUT PLUS
MC CH

I.

Gip sinh vin bit cch s dng chng trnh Orcad Layout Plus v s
mch in trc tip hoc t s mch in c v bi Orcad Capture.
Hng dn cho sinh vin cc bc c bn sau :
Sp xp linh kin trn mch in sao cho hp l.
V ng mch bng ch t ng hay bng th cng.
Ti u ho cc ng mch in v kch thc mch in.
Thay i cc thng s k thut cn thit trn board mch.
To th vin mi v cc module linh kin mi.

HNG DN S DNG TRNH LAYOUT PLUS

II.
1.

Np tp tin * .mnl :
-

T ca s Orcad Layout chn New, xut hin ca s Load Template File,

chn m tp tin Default.tch (cha thng tin v k thut v mch in).
Sau khi m tp tin Default.tch, ca s Load Netlist Source xut hin cho
php load tp tin cn v mch in ( *.mnl ).
Bc tip theo chng trnh yu cu lu tn file cn v mch in (*.max).
Nu th vin chn linh kin ca Layout c y theo s khi v
schematic th sau khi lu thnh file *.max xong s xut hin ca s cha y
chn linh kin ca schematic cn v, ngc li layout yu cu lin kt chn linh
kin trong schematic cn v vi chn linh kin c trong th vin ca layout,
hoc phi to chn linh kin mi.

- 2. Sp xp linh kin :
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Thc tp c s

Sau khi tp tin *.max c y chn linh kin, bc tip theo ta cn b tr li

v tr chn linh kin cho ph hp.
t ng kim tra vic t linh kin c ng khng, chn menu Auto/Design
Rule Check/Placement Spacing Violations .
ng khung gii hn din tch mch in bng cch: vo menu Tools, chn
Obstacle, chn tip Select Tool, s dng chut ko ng ng khung gii hn,
ri chn End Command.
Ch y : DRC cng cho php kim tra t ng cc yu t khc nh : vi phm
khong v gia ng mch in vi nhau...

a) Sp xp linh kin t ng trn board :

- Nhp chut vo menu Auto, chn Place, chn tip Board.
b) t tng linh kin trn board :
- Nhp chut tri vo bt k chn linh kin no s gn chn linh kin lin vi
pointer ca chut cho php di chuyn t linh kin .
- Layout cng cho php di chuyn mt nhm chn linh kin bng cch ko r
chut tri ng khung nhm linh kin .
- Sau khi chn linh kin gn vi pointer ca chut ta c th thc hin cc thao
tc sau :
Quay R ( n phm )
Kho linh kin L
c) t nhm linh kin theo th t ch s : ( R1, R2...)
Pop up menu bng cch nhp chut phi, chn Queue For Placement.
Khi ca s Component Selection Criteria xut hin, nh R* vo RefDes (
Nu nhm linh kin l R1,R2...). Nhp OK.
Pop up menu/Select Next, ln lt t linh kin cho n khi c thng bo, chn
Cancel.
3. t kch thc board mch in
- Chn Obstacle Tool v khung board mch in.
4. V ng mch
-

xem cc thng s li ni gia cc chn linh kin s dng nt View

Spreadsheet trn thanh Toolbar, sau chn Nets. Trong bng thng s ny ch
cn ct Routing Enabled, nu t yes cho php v li, no th ngc li.
chuyn i gia hai thng s ny, nh du cn chn, sau Pop up
menu\Enable Disable.

Khoa K Thut in T 2
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Thc tp c s

v c thun li, thc hin v li ngun v mass trc ( Gnd &VCC net)
sau mi v li tn hiu ( signal net ).
Sau khi chn li v cn phi reset li vic chn c hiu lc, chn
Window/Reset All.

a.
-

V t ng ( Auto route ) :
Chn ch v ton board mch : Auto/Autoroute/Board.
Chn ch v tng phn.
View/Zoom DRC/Route Box.
nh du khi cn v bng cch r chut ng khung.
Auto/Autoroute/DRC/Route Box.

b.
-

V tay ( Manual route ) :

Chn li cn v nh trn.
n nt Add/Edit Route trn toolbar bt u v.
Khi mun t corner (gc ngoc) th n nt chut tri.
Khi mun t via ( xuyn lp ) th n V.
Ch : y l cch v gia hai pad, mun v ghp hnh T, chn nt Show
Track Mode trn thanh Toolbar.

c.
-

Chn lp ( Layers ) :
Nhp nt View spread Sheet trn thanh Toolbar.
Nu mun v 2 lp, ct Layer Type ca cc hng c gi tr l Routing ta i
thnh Unused Routing ngoi tr 2 layer Top v Bottom ta gi nguyn, bng
cch vo Pop up menu\Properties\Unused routing .
Chn Window/Reset All.

d. Sa ng mch :
- Xa ng mch trn board dng ch Auto : Auto/Unroute/Board cho php
xo ton b ng mch trn board hay Auto/Unroute/ DRC/Unroute Box cho
php xo trong mt vng chn trc ( dng View/Zoom DRC/Route Box
nh du vng cn xa).
- Xa tng on :
Nhp Edit Segment Mode trn Toolbar
Nhp vo route cn xo , Pop up menu :
Unroute segment cho php xa tng on.
Unroute cho php xa ng mch gia 2 pad.
- Unroute net : cho php xa ton b route c trong li ca route va
chn.
- Thay i kch thc ng mch:
Nhp Edit segment mode trn thanh Toolbar.
Khoa K Thut in T 2
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Thc tp c s

Nhp vo ng mch cn thay i, Pop up menu/ Change width v

nh vo kch thc mong mun, nhp OK.
5. Ly linh kin mi
- Chn nt Component Tool.
- Click phi chut chn New mn hnh Add Component xut hin chn
linh kin mi bng cch vo Footprint OK.
6. To th vin mi :
- Chn Library Manager trn thanh toolbar.
- Chn Create New Footprint , t tn v nhp OK.
- Trn ca s Library Edit c sn mt pin chun, to pin mi :
Chn nt Pin Tool trn thanh toolbar.
Pop up menu/ New, (hoc nhp chut phi, n phm Insert), t pin ti v
tr thch hp.
Pop up menu/End Command.
thay i cc thng s ca pin, Pop up menu/Properties.
- t khung bao outline cho linh kin :
Chn nt Obstacle trn thanh toolbar.
Dng chut v outline.
Pop up menu/Properties, chn Place Outline Obstacle Type.
t outline ti v tr thch hp, Pop up menu/End Command.
Save vo th vin.
7. Ph ng mch in :
Chn Obstacle Tool New Properties Obstacle Type
V d : Copper Poor l ph ton board mch
Copper Area l ph theo vng
Tip chn lp ph Obstacle Layer Net Attachment (mun NET no kt ni
vi lp ph ng)
-

III. THC HNH TO TH VIN CHO LAYOUT

Gii thiu th vin ca Layout

1.
-

TM - AXIAL : in tr.
TM - CAP - P : in tr v t in.
TM DIODE : Diode v Led cc loi.
TO : Transitor.
SIP : IC mt hng chn.

Khoa K Thut in T 2
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Thc tp c s

- DIP100B
: Cc IC dn.
- DIP100T
: IC khoan l.
- DSUBJ
: Cc cng giao tip my tnh DB9, DB25.
- JUMPER
: Jump 100,1000,1100,1200....
- RELAY
: module relay.
- LAYOUT : cc pad n.
Trong qu trnh np tp tin netlist (c to sau khi v s mch) vo layout, kiu
chn linh kin c chn khi v s mch khng c sn trong th vin ca Layout
th ta phi to linh kin mi.
iu quan trng nht trong qu trnh v mch in l phi bit hnh dng thc t ca
linh kin v kiu v ca chng. Chng hn : transistor C1815 c kiu v l T092.

2. Thc hnh to th vin cho layout

To footprint cho led.

To chn IC DIP8 (loi khoan l ).
Sau khi to xong, lu vo th vin Mylib.llb
IV. THC HNH V MCH IN
1. V mch in mt lp t mch khuch i sau
- VC
C

I
N

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

C
1
4.
7u

R
1
15
0k

R
12
5
k

Q
1

R
3
4.
7k
Q2SC18
15

R
44
7
0

C
12
u

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Thc tp c s

V mch in hai lp t s mch ghp tch knh ng b trong bi 1

-

BI 3
- THIT K MCH IN CHO MCH KHUCH I CNG SUT
I.

MC CH

Gip sinh vin thc hin c nhng mc tiu sau :

- Thc hin cc cng on cn thit chuyn mt mch in t s nguyn l
n mch in thc t.
- Cch to cc th vin hoc nhng module cha c sn trong Orcad.
- Hon chnh file mch in theo yu cu thc t t cc cng ty gia cng PCB.
- Hon thin k nng s dng Orcad Layout Plus.
II.
NI DUNG THC HIN
-

V li s nguyn l (nh lu li thc hin m phng mch bi sau) v

chuyn sang mch in t s mch khuch i cng sut nh hnh v

Khoa K Thut in T 2
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-

Mch in c cc thng s yu cu sau :

-

Mch in hai lp : lp 1 (Top) l mt ghim linh kin v lp 2 (Bottom) l mt hn.

Kch thc board mch : 2.5x2.5 (inch).
Ph ng mt bottom.
GND ni mch ph ng.
Mt trn c ch thch hnh dng v gi tr linh kin.
rng net ca 5V l 1mm, mc u tin l 100%.
rng net ca GND l 0.5mm.
rng cc net cn li cho bng 0.4mm.
ng knh l khoan cc chn linh kin l 0.9mm.
Cc thng s k thut khc theo tiu chun.
mt ghim linh kin phi ghi (t lp SST):
Tn : Nguyn Vn A
Lp : 01VTA1
Nhm : 1
Bn : 01

Np file s nguyn l v PCB.

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

Thc tp c s

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Thc tp c s

BI 4
- M PHNG MCH KHUCH I DNG ORCAD PSPICE
II. MC CH
Xc nh v nh gi cc thng s ca mch khuch i:
- im lm vic tnh, h s khuch i.
- mo hi, p ng tn s.
- Tr khng vo/ra
II. M PHNG
in:
-

Cho mch in nh hnh v, s dng phn mm Orcad phn tch mch

VCC
VCC
12Vdc

V1
R1

R3

150k

4.7k
Q1

C1

Q2SC1815
4.7u
V2
1Vac
0Vdc

R2
15k

1. Xc nh im lm vic tnh (Bias Point).

2. Phn tch qu (Transient/ Noise):
- V dng sng ng vo, ng ra ca mch.
- Xc nh h s khuch i in p.
- Xc nh mo hi ca mch khuch i.
- Kho st nh hng ca ti.
- Xc nh tr khng vo ra.
Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

R4
470

C2
1u

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Thc tp c s

3. Thc hin phn tch AC (AC Sweep):

- V p ng tn s ca mch.
- Xc nh tn s ct di 3dB; tn s ct trn 3dB v bng thng.
- Xc nh c tuyn pha tn ti ng ra ca mch.
HNG DN :

Bc 1: Khi ng chng trnh Capture CIS - v s mch. Thc hin

nh sau:
Vo Menu File/New/Project, khi xut hin hp thoi New Project, nh du
chn vo Analog or Mixed Signal Circuit Wizard, nh tn Machkhuechdai. Nhp
OK.
Khi , s xut hin tip hp thoi Analog or Mixed Signal Circuit Wizard, nhp vo
nt Finish.
Ti y ta tin hnh v s mch theo yu cu bi.
-

Bc 3: chn ch phn tch:

Bc 2: Khai bo cc thng s theo yu cu bi.

Phn 1 :

Phn tch im phn cc tnh (DC Bias Point)

Trong Capture chuyn tr v file *.dsn, chn menu Pspice New Simulation
Profile hin th hp thoi New Simulation. Trong hp thoi Name g vo ch
Bias, hp thoi Inherit Form chn None sau click vo Create
- Xut hin hp thoi Simulation Setting - Bias trn Analysis Type chn Bias Point
OK .
- T menu Pspice chn Run.
Sau khi thc hin xong vic phn tch im phn cc th cc thng tin sau y s c
thng bo trong file output
- Danh sch cc nt in p
- Dng ca cc ngun p v cng sut tng
- Danh sch cc tham s tn hiu nh ca tt c cc linh kin
-

Ti y ta thc hin xc nh im phn cc tnh ca mch in trn:

ICQ =
VCQ =
IBQ =
Xc nh li dng DC ca BJT:
= ICQ/IBQ =
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Thc tp c s

Thay i gi tr in p ngun Vcc = 9V. Xc nh li im lm vic tnh:

ICQ =
VCQ =
IBQ =
Xc nh li dng DC ca BJT:
= ICQ/IBQ =

Nhn xt v nhy ca im lm vic tnh i vi in p ngun, h s c ng

theo l thuyt?
- .............................................................................................................
- .............................................................................................................
- .............................................................................................................
- .............................................................................................................
- .............................................................................................................
- .............................................................................................................
Phn 2 :
Phn tch qu (Transient/ Noise)
VCC
VCC
12Vdc

V1
R1

R3

150k

4.7k
Q1

C1

Q2SC1815
4.7u
V3

R2
15k

Sin

R4
470

C2
1u

- Thc hin phn tch qu i vi mch trn phi sa thnh dng nh hnh
trang sau:
- Tin hnh thit lp cc thng s cho ngun p mi: Chn ngun p V3 trong th vin
SOURCSTM.olb, chn menu Edit-Pspice Stimulus xut hin hp thoi New Stimulus.
Click vo gi tr sine v OK sau xut hin hp thoi sin attribute tin hnh thit lp

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Thc tp c s

cc thng s nh hnh sau:

- Sau d click vo mc Apply xem dng sng. Click OK sau save li s trong
ca s Stimulus Editor.
- Cc bc thit lp v thc hin phn tch qu : T menu Pspice ca Capture chn New
Simulation Profile. G vo Transient trong hp thoi Name v chn Schematic1-Bias
t hp thoi Inherit From. Click vo Create. Xut hin ca s thit lp cc thng s tin
hnh click vo Analysis v chn Time Domain trong hp thoi Analysis Type v thit
lp cc thng s nh hnh.

- Sau click OK ng ca s thit lp cc thng s.

- Chn lnh nh du v tr cn o dng sng bng cch vo menu Pspice ca Schematics/
chn Markers, chn tip Voltage Level, ri thc hin nh du nh hnh v.
- Nhp chut chn Run t menu Pspice trong Capture thc hin qu trnh phn tch, ti
VCC
VCC
12Vdc

V1
R1

R3

150k

4.7k
Q1

C1

Q2SC1815
V
4.7u
V

V3

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

R2
15k

Sin

R4
470

C2
1u

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Thc tp c s

y ta xc nh c bin ca tn hiu ti ng vo v ng ra.

Hoc c th thc hin chn v tr cn quan st sau khi Run bng cch :
Chn menu Trace Add Trace. Sau click vo cc v tr cn quan st v phn tch:
-+
V dng sng ng ra:
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
-+
o bin tn hiu ng ra:
vout =
- + Xc nh h s khuch i ca mch:
G = vout / vin =
-+
Xc nh mo hi:
Phn tch Fourier tn hiu ng ra, xc nh bin hi c bn v cc hi
bc cao:
Vo menu Trace - Fourier phn tch Fourier tn hiu ti ng ra.
Sau , vo Toggle Cursor c cc gi tr bin ti cc thnh phn
tn s.
- T

- f1 =
- f2 =
- f3 =
- f4 =
- f5 =
n
1K
2K
3K
4K
5
s
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
KHz

- V
fi

(
V
)

Xc nh mo hi theo cng thc sau:

D%

V22 V32 V42 ... V92

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Khoa K Thut in T 2

V1

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Thc tp c s

Thay i bin ngun tn hiu ng vo, xc nh mo hi tng ng vi

mi bin :
V

D
%

1
0
0
m
V
5
0
0
m
V

Nguyn nhn gy ra mo hi:

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
nh hng ca ti:
Ln lt ni cc ti RL vi cc tr s khc nhau vo mch. o in p ng

ra.
-

RL
Vout

50K
-

10K
-

5K
-

1K
-

100

Nhn xt v gii thch.

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
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-

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-

Thc tp c s

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
-

Tr khng vo ra:
o bin dng in tn hiu ng vo:
Iin =
Xc nh tr khng ng vo:
Rin = Vin / Iin =
Da vo bng gi tr o c trong phn trn, xc nh tr khng ra ca

mch.

Rout =
- Phn 3 :
Thc hin phn tch AC (AC Sweep)
Thc hin mch nh hnh sau:
VCC
VCC
12Vdc

V1
R1

R3

150k

C1

V4

4.7u

1Vac
0Vdc

4.7k
Q1
Q2SC1815
V

R2
V3

15k

R4
470

C2
1u

Sin

- T menu Pspice ca Capture chn New Simulation Profile. G vo Ac Sweep trong hp

thoi Name v chn Schematic1-Transient t hp thoi Inherit From. Click vo
Create. Xut hin ca s thit lp cc thng s tin hnh click vo Analysis v chn Ac
Sweep/Noise trong hp thoi Analysis Type v thit lp cc thng s nh hnh.

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

19

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

- Sau click OK ng ca s thit lp cc thng s.

- S dng Markers trong Pspice chn Advance v chn dB Magnitude of Voltage
nh du cc im cn phn tch.
- Chn Run t menu Pspice trong Capture thc hin qu trnh phn tch.
- +
V p ng tn s ca mch:
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
+
Xc nh tn s ct di, tn s ct trn, bng thng 3dB ca mch:
fCH =
Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

20

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

fCL =
BW =
Tnh gi tr t C1 c tn s ct thp fCL = 5Hz.
C1 =
Chy m phng kim chng:
fCL
=
- +
Xc nh c tuyn pha tn ti ng ra ca mch.
- quan st gin Bode ca in p v pha ng ra s dng Advance trong Markers
v chn Phase Of Voltage.
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
- ..................................................................................................................................
-

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

21

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

- PHN 2: M PHNG MCH S V VI IU KHIN BNG

TRNH PROTEUS

- BI 1: M PHNG MCH S
MC CH
-

Gip sinh vin kho st cc vn sau:

S dng phn mm Proteus m phng mch in.

Thc hin m phng hot ng ca 74LS138 v 74LS373.

THIT B S DNG
- My vi tnh.
- Phn mm Proteus
-

1. Gii thiu.
Phn mm Proteus l phn mm cho php m phng hot ng ca mch
in t bao gm phn thit k mch v vit chng trnh iu khin cho cc h vi iu
khin nh MCS-51, PIC, AVR,
Phn mm bao gm 2 chng trnh: ISIS cho php m phng mch v
ARES dng v mch in.
Khi ng chng trnh
-

Start > All Program > Proteus 6 Professional > ISIS 6 Professional

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

22

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

Ca s chng trnh sau khi khi ng:

Thanh
cng c
chn linh
kin

Thanh
cng c
chun

Vng khng gian

dng v mch
in

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

Cc nt chn cho php bt u, tm

dng hay kt thc qu trnh m
phng

23

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

Cc thao tc c bn
S dng thanh cng c chun:
-

New:
to
mch
in mi
- Open:
m
mch
in
cCc thao tc
sn v menu Edit.
menu File

Save:
- Zoom
- Zoom to
lu tr
Out: thu
Area:
mch
nh
phng to
in
mch
mt
Zoom
- Zoom
All:
in
vng
In:
hin ton
mch
phng to
b mch
in
mch
in
trn thanh cng c chun cng c th thc hin thng qua
in

S dng thanh linh kin:

-

Nhm
cc linh
kin va
s dng
t tn
cho dy
dn

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

Ni dy
dng bus

Ngun
v GND

Cc thit
b to tn

Linh
kin
c
chn

Cc linh

24

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

a linh kin vo vng thit k, ta thc hin chn linh kin ri nhn
chut tri trn vng lm vic.
thc hin chn linh kin, ta thc hin nhn chut phi trn linh kin,
n s chuyn sang mu cho bit trng thi ang chn.
Sau khi chn linh kin, ta c th di chuyn linh kin bng cch thc
hin thao tc drag-and-drop (nhn chut tri v gi ri di chuyn chut n v tr k).
-

xo linh kin, ta chn linh kin ri nhn chut phi ln na xo.

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

25

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

Thm linh kin mi:

Nu linh kin khng tn ti
trong thanh linh kin, ta phi thc hin
thm mi t cc th vin c sn bng cch
chn menu Library > Pick hay nhn P.
-

Ca s ly linh kin:

Tn
linh
ki
n
T
m
ki
m
Cc
linh th
vin
ki
cha
n
linh kin
Cc th
vin con

Hn
h
nh
linh
ki
n

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

26

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

V d nh tm linh kin in tr:

G Resistor trong vng Keywords.

Chn Category l Resistors.

Chn Sub-category l Generic.

Ni dy:
-

Chuyn con tr chut n v tr cn ni dy, trn con tr chut s xut hin du X

Di chuyn chut v nhn chut tri khi cn thit xc nh v tr dy dn

Khi ko dy n v tr cn thit th nhn chut tri ni dy.

2. Tin trnh thc hin

Hot ng ca 74LS138
-

V mch in nh hnh v trang bn:

-

Trong v tr cc linh kin cho nh sau:

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

27

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

Keywords

Category

Led
Resistor

Optoelectronics
Resistors

Switch
138

Switches & Relays

TTL 74LS series

Subcategory
LEDs
Resistor
packs
Switches
All

Results

LED-RED
RESPACK-8

Switch
74LS138

Ngun v GND ly t thanh linh kin.

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

28

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

Thc thi mch bng cch nhn vo nt Start y mn hnh.

Thay i trng thi ca cc cng tc nhn kim tra hot ng ca 74LS138 nh

bng sau (lu l Led sng ng vi mc logic 0 v Led tt ng vi mc logic 1):

G -

G2A-

G2B-

C -

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

B -

A -

Y0 -

Y1 -

Y2 -

Y3 -

Y4 -

Y5 -

Y6 -

29

Y7

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

1
-

1 -

0 -

0 -

0 -

1 -

0 -

0 -

1 -

1 -

0 -

1 -

0 -

1 -

0 -

1 -

1 -

1 -

1 -

0 -

0 -

1 -

1 -

0 -

1 -

1 -

1 -

1 -

0 -

1 -

1 -

1 -

1 -

- Thay i trng thi ca cc chn G1, G2A , G2B v nhn xt kt qu.

Hot ng ca 74LS373
-

V mch in nh hnh v trang bn:

-

Trong v tr cc linh kin cho nh sau:

Keywords

Category

Led
Resistor

Optoelectronics
Resistors

Switch
373
374

Switches & Relays

TTL 74LS series
TTL 74LS series

Subcategory
LEDs
Resistor
packs
Switches
All
All

Results

LED-RED
RESPACK-8

SW-SPDT
74LS373
74LS374

Chuyn trng thi SW9 sang mc logic 1, thay i trng thi cc cng tc t SW1
SW8, nhn xt v trng thi cc Led.

Chuyn trng thi SW9 sang mc logic 0, thay i trng thi cc cng tc t SW1
SW8, nhn xt v trng thi cc Led.

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

30

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

Thay i mc logic ti chn OE , thc hin li qu trnh nh trn, nhn xt kt qu.

Rt ra kt lun v tc dng ca chn OE v LE.

Thay IC 37LS373 bng IC 74LS374, nhn xt v s khc nhau ca chn LE

74LS373 v CLK 74LS374.

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

31

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

32

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

- BI 2: IU KHIN LED 7 ON
MC CH
Gip sinh vin kho st cc vn sau:

- S dng phn mm Proteus m phng mch in.

- Tm hiu cc phng php hin th d liu trn Led 7 on dng 89C51.
THIT B S DNG
- My vi tnh.
- Phn mm Proteus

3. C s l thuyt
Cu trc v m hin th d liu trn Led 7 on
-

Dng Led

e
-

Led Anode chung

d
p

COM

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

D8
dp

dp

i vi dng Led anode chung, chn COM phi c mc logic 1 v mun

sng Led th tng ng cc chn a f, dp s mc logic 0.
-

Bng m cho Led Anode chung (a l MSB, dp l LSB):

d
p

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

h
e
x
- 0
3
h
- 33

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

9
F
h
2
5
h
0
D
h
9
9
h
4
9
h
4
1
h
1
F
h
0
1
h
0
9
h

Bng m cho Led Anode chung (a l LSB, dp l MSB):

d
p

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

he
x
- 0
C
- 34

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

0h
- 0F
9h
- 0
A
4h
- 0
B
0h
- 99
h
- 92
h
- 82
h
- 0F
8h
- 80
h
- 90
h

Led Cathode chung

a

dp

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

D8
dp

COM

i vi dng Led Cathode chung, chn COM phi c mc logic 0 v

mun sng Led th tng ng cc chn a f, dp s mc logic 1.
-

Bng m cho Led Cathode chung (a l MSB, dp l LSB):

a

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

d
p

he
x
- 35

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

0F
Ch
60
h
0D
Ah
0F
2h
66
h
0B
6h
0B
Eh
0E
0h
0F
Eh
0F
6h

Bng m cho Led Anode chung (a l LSB, dp l MSB):

d
p

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

h
e
x
3
F
h
0
6
h
5
B
h
4
36

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

F
h
6
6
h
6
D
h
7
D
h
0
7
h
7
F
h
6
F
h

Dng phng php qut

Khi kt ni chung cc ng d liu ca Led 7 on (hnh v), ta khng
th cho cc Led ny sng ng thi (do nh hng ln nhau gia cc Led) m phi thc
hin phng php qut, ngha l ti mi thi im ch sng mt Led v tt cc Led cn
li. Do hin tng lu nh ca mt, ta s thy cc Led sng ng thi.
-

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

37

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

Dng phng php cht

Khi thc hin tch ring cc ng d liu ca Led, ta c th cho php
cc Led sng ng thi m s khng c hin tng nh hng gia cc Led. IC cht
cho php lu tr d liu cho cc Led c th s dng l 74LS373, 74LS374.
-

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

38

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

4. Tin trnh thc hin

Dng phng php qut
S dng mch nh hnh v phn trn vi cc linh kin:

Ke
yw
ord
s

Category

Sub-category

Results

7se
g
895
1
Pnp
Res
isto
r

Optoelectroni
cs
Microprocess
or ICs
Transistors
Resistors

7SEG-COMANODE
AT89C51

7-Segment
Displays
8051 Family

Generic
Resistor Packs

PNP
RX8

2
2
0

Thc hin on chng trnh sau hin th s 26 ra 2 Led 7 on:

-

main:

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

V
a
l
u
e

39

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

MOV

P2,#82h

; M ca s 6

CLR

P1.0

; Hin s

CALL

Delay

SETB

P1.0

MOV

P2,#0A4H

CLR

P1.1

CALL

Delay

SETB

P1.1

SJMP

main

Delay:

PUSH

07H

MOV

R7,#100

DJNZ

R7,$

POP

07H

RET

END

; M ca s 2

Sa on chng trnh trn hin th s 15, 37 ra 2 Led 7 on.

B cc lnh SETB v nhn xt tc dng ca cc lnh ny.

Dng phng php cht

-

S dng mch nh hnh v phn trn vi cc linh kin:

Keywords

Category

7seg

Optoelectronic
s

8951

374

Microprocesso
r ICs
74 TTL Series

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

Subcategor
y
7Segmen
t
Display
s
8051
Family
All

Results

7SEGCOMANODE

AT89C51

74LS374

Value

40

Bin son : L Quc n

-

Resistor

Thc tp c s

Resistors

Resistor
Packs

RX8

220

Thc hin on chng trnh sau hin th s 08 ra 2 Led 7 on:

-

MOV

P2,#80h

CLR

P1.0

SETB

P1.0

MOV

P2,#0C0H

CLR

P1.1

SETB

P1.1

END

; M ca s 8

; M ca s 0

Thc hin on chng trnh trn hin th s tng dn t 00 n 99 ra 2 Led 7

on.
-

main:

MOV

lap:

MOV

A,30H

MOV

B,#10

; A cha s hng chc, B, cha s

DIV

AB

; hng n v

MOV

DPTR,#Maled7

MOVC

A,@A+DPTR

MOV

P2,A

CLR

P1.1

SETB

P1.1

MOV

A,B

MOVC

A,@A+DPTR

30H,#0

; nh 30h cha gi tr xut ra Led

; Chuyn sang m Led 7 on

; Xut s hng chc

MOV
P2,A
Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

41

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

; Xut s hng n v

CLR

P1.0

SETB

P1.0

CALL

Delay

INC

30H

MOV

A,30H

CJNE

A,#100,lap

; Nu gi tr nh tng n 100

SJMP

main

; th gim v 0

;-----------------

Maled7: DB

0C0h,0F9h,0A4h,0B0h,99h,92h,82h,0F8h,80h,90h

;-----------------

Delay:

PUSH

07

PUSH

06

MOV

R6,#255

Delay1:

MOV

R7,#255

DJNZ

R7,$

DJNZ

R6,Delay1

POP

06

POP

07

RET

END

Sa on chng trnh trn gi tr xut ra 2 Led 7 on tng dn t 00 - 59.

Sa on chng trnh trn gi tr xut ra 2 Led 7 on tng dn t 00 - 23.

Sa on chng trnh trn gi tr xut ra 2 Led 7 on gim dn t 99 - 00.

Sa on chng trnh trn gi tr xut ra 2 Led 7 on gim dn t 59 - 00.

Sa on chng trnh trn gi tr xut ra 2 Led 7 on gim dn t 23 - 00.

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

; Tng nh 30h

42

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

43

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

- BI 3: CNG TC NHN
MC CH
Gip sinh vin kho st cc vn sau:

S dng phn mm Proteus m phng mch in.

Tm hiu cch thc kim tra cng tc c nhn hay khng v cc ng dng ca chng
dng trong 89C51.

THIT B S DNG
- My vi tnh.
- Phn mm Proteus

5. C s l thuyt
Cng tc n
Cc phm n dng iu khin khi h thng khng i hi nhiu gi tr
nhp (chng nh ch cn cc iu khin ng m thit b). Khi thc hin kim tra phm
nhn, vn cn thit l phi thc hin chng di. Qu trnh chng di c th thc hin
bng phn mm: Do thi gian di ca phm vo khong 20ms nn qu trnh chng di
bng phn mm n gin l to mt thi gian tr ln chng trnh b qua nh
hng khi di.
Khi thc hin giao tip gia cng tc n v vi iu khin MCS-51 th
cn lu phi set bit tng ng ca vi iu khin ln mc logic 1 mi c th c d
liu vo. Phn cng giao tip c th m t nh hnh v, tuy nhin i vi h MCS-51,
cc port c in tr ko ln ngun (tr port 0) nn i vi s hnh a v c c th
khng cn in tr R.
VCC

VCC

VCC

SW

SW

To uP

To uP

To uP

SW

Bn phm Hex
Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

44

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

khi khng nhn phm th hng ca bn phm Hex ni vi Vcc thng qua
in tr R nn c mc logic 1. phn bit c trng thi ca phm nhn th mc
logic khi nhn phm phi l mc logic 0. M khi nhn mt phm no th tng ng
hng v ct ca bn phm Hex s kt ni vi nhau. Do , thc hin kim tra mt
phm th ta phi cho trc ct cha phm tng ng mc logic 0, sau kim tra
hng ca phm, nu hng = 0 th c nhn phm cn hng = 1 th khng nhn phm.
V d nh mun kim tra phm 4 th ta cho ct cha phm 4 mc logic 0
(chn 5 ca J1, cc ct khc = 1, ngha l d liu ti J1 l 1000xxxxb), sau thc hin
kim tra chn 2 ca J1 (hng ca phm 4), nu chn ny = 0 th phm 4 c nhn.
-

VCC

CON8

-1
2

-34
5
6
7
8

J1

6. Tin trnh thc hin

Cng tc n
-

S dng mch nh hnh v trang bn vi cc linh kin:

Keywords

Category

7seg

All

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

Subcategory
All

Results

7SEGCOM-

Value

45

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

8951
374

Button

Resistor

All
74
TTL
Series
Switches
& Relays
Resistors

All
All

All

Button

Resistor
Packs

RX8

220

Thc hin chng trnh sau:

-

MOV

30H,#0

SJMP

Hienthi

JNB

P3.0,Sw1

; Nu P3.0 = 0 th nhn SW1

JNB

P3.1,Sw2

; Nu P3.1 = 0 th nhn SW2

SJMP

Main

INC

30H

MOV

A,30H

CJNE

A,#100,Hienthi

; Nu gi tr nh 30h = 100

MOV

30H,#0

; th gn 30h = 0

SJMP

Hienthi

; Hin th ra Led 7 on

;-------------

DEC

30H

; Gim nh 30h

MOV

A,30H

CJNE

A,#255,Hienthi

; Nu gi tr gim = -1 (255)

MOV

30H,#99

; th gn 30h = 99

SJMP

Hienthi

;-------------

Main:

SW1:
; Tng nh 30h

Sw2:

Hienthi:
Khoa K Thut in T 2

ANODE
AT89C51
74LS374

46

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

MOV

A,30H

MOV

B,#10

DIV

AB

MOV

DPTR,#Maled7

MOVC

A,@A+DPTR

MOV

P2,A

CLR

P1.1

SETB

P1.1

MOV

A,B

MOV

DPTR,#Maled7

MOVC

A,@A+DPTR

MOV

P2,A

CLR

P1.0

SETB

P1.0

CALL

Delay

SJMP

Main

Maled7: DB 0C0H,0F9H,0A4H,0B0H,99H,92H,82H,0F8H,80H,90H
-

;--------------

PUSH

07

PUSH

06

MOV

R6,#100

MOV

R7,#255

DJNZ

R7,$

DJNZ

R6,Delay1

POP

06

POP

07

Delay:

Delay1:

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

47

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

RET

END

Nhn vo cc cng tc v quan st trng thi cc Led.

B lnh CALL Delay trong chng trnh trn v quan st trng thi cc Led, c
nhn xt g so vi khi c thi gian Delay.
-

Bn phm Hex
-

S dng mch nh hnh v trang bn vi cc linh kin:

Keywords

Category

Results

Subcategory
All

7seg

All

All
All

All
74
TTL
Series
Resistors

7SEGCOMANODE
AT89C51
74LS374

8951
374

Resistor

RX8

Switches

Resistor
Packs
All

Keypad

KEYPAD-

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

Value

220

48

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

& Relays
-

Thc hin chng trnh sau:

Main:
-

MOV

P3,#0FEH

JNB

P3.4,Sw7

JNB

P3.5,Sw8

JNB

P3.6,Sw9

JNB

P3.7,Swchia

MOV

P3,#0FDH

JNB

P3.4,Sw4

JNB

P3.5,Sw5

JNB

P3.6,Sw6

JNB

P3.7,Swnhan

MOV

P3,#0FBH

JNB

P3.4,Sw1

JNB

P3.5,Sw2

JNB

P3.6,Sw3

JNB

P3.7,Swtru

MOV

P3,#0F7H

JNB

P3.4,Swon

JNB

P3.5,Sw0

JNB

P3.6,Swbang

JNB

P3.7,Swcong

SJMP Main

;-------------

MOV 30H,#0

; Chn ct cha cc phm 7,8,9,

; Chn ct cha cc phm 4,5,6,X

; Chn ct cha cc phm 1,2,3,-

; Chn ct cha cc phm ON/C,0,=,+

SW0:

Khoa K Thut in T 2
-

SMALLCA
LC

49

Bin son : L Quc n

Thc tp c s

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#1

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#2

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#3

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#4

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#5

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#6

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#7

SW1:

SW2:

SW3:

SW4:

SW5:

SW6:

SW7:
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SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#8

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#9

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#10

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

SW8:

SW9:

Swon:

Swbang:
-

MOV 30H,#11

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

Swcong:
-

MOV 30H,#12

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

MOV 30H,#13

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

Swtru:

Swnhan:
-

MOV 30H,#14

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SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

Swchia:
-

MOV 30H,#15

SJMP Hienthi

;-------------

Hienthi:
-

MOV

A,30H

MOV

B,#10

DIV

AB

MOV

DPTR,#MALED7

MOVC

A,@A+DPTR

MOV

P2,A

CLR

P1.1

SETB

P1.1

MOV

A,B

MOV

DPTR,#MALED7

MOVC

A,@A+DPTR

MOV

P2,A

CLR

P1.0

SETB

P1.0

CALL

Delay

LJMP

Main

Maled7: DB 0C0H,0F9H,0A4H,0B0H,99H,92H,82H,0F8H,80H,90H
-

;--------------

PUSH

07

PUSH

06

Delay:

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MOV

R6,#100

MOV

R7,#255

DJNZ

R7,$

DJNZ

R6,Delay1

POP

06

POP

07

RET

Delay1:

END

Sa chng trnh :

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Nhn phm +: thc hin cng ni dung nh 30h vi 20 v xut ra 2 Led 7

on.
Nhn phm -: thc hin tr ni dung nh 30h vi 1 v xut ra 2 Led 7 on.
Nhn phm x: thc hin nhn ni dung nh 30h vi 3 v xut ra 2 Led 7
on.
Nhn phm : thc hin chia ni dung nh 30h vi 2 v xut kt qu ra 2
Led 7 on.
Nhn phm ON/C: thc hin xo ni dung nh 30h (gn bng 0) v xut ra
2 Led 7 on.

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PHN 3: THC TP HN V RP MCH

BI 1: GII THIU TNG QUT V GIA CNG MCH IN
MC CH
Mc ch chnh ca t thc tp ny l gip cho sinh vin c thc tp tay ngh xng
vi hng phn tch tay ngh trc v thc hin ngh sau. Sinh vin s c trang b
kin thc theo hng dy chuyn t vic v s nguyn l mch m phng kt qu
v mch in gia cng mch in hn lp, lp trnh v o th. Trong qu trnh
sinh vin s c lm quen vi nhng cng c dng test mch nh: pro-ject board
hay dng board mch in a nng hn ni linh kin.
Ngai ra, trong t thc tp ny sinh vin s lm quen vi tc phong cng nghip, lng vo
mi bui hc cc thy c s hng dn va tay ngh va tc phong lm vic (gi gic
lao ng, trt t ngn np, v sinh, an tan lao ng,) to cho sinh vin c thi quen
phn x ngh nghip nhanh v chnh xc, c s ng b gia suy ngh v hnh ng.

GII THIU MT S DNG C NGH

M hn in:
M hn in thng c 2 lai: lai dng in tr t nng v loi dng nguyn l ngn
mch th cp bin p. V cng sut th m hn c nhiu lai cng sut khc nhau:
20W, 40W, 60W, 80W, 100W,
Trong t thc tp ny ta dng m hn lai in tr t nng c cng sut 40W, v nhng
l do sau:
Trnh nh hng ca t trng ln linh kin hn, nht l i vi IC CMOS
Khng nhit lng qu ln pht ra t m hn khi tip xc vi linh kin c th
gy h hng cho linh kin, nhng nhit cng phi lm chy dy ch
trong thi gian hp l.
Nu dng m hn c cng sut qa ln, d gy tnh trng oxit ha b mt cc dy
dn bng ng gy kh khn ngay lc hn, trong trng hp dng nha thng
th nhit qu nng s lm chy nha thng v bm thnh lp en ti mi hn,
lm gim bng ca mi hn.
Mt m hn c xem l t khi u m hn lun tn ti mt lp ch bng trn b mt.
Gi gc m hn:
Dng gi u m hn trong lc ngh hn, trnh m hn khi cn nng tip xc vi cc
thit b khc v lm hng nh bn gh, dy in, dao,

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Ch hn, nha thng:

Ch hn c nhiu lai, nhng lp rp cc mch in t th ta thng dng lai ch hn d
nng chy: khang 600C n 800C, dng si rut c, ng knh khang 1mm, si ch
c bc lp nha thng (bn ngai hay bn trong si ch). i vi lai ch hn ny khi
nhn vo ta s cm nhn c bng (khng ging cc lai ch dng trong cc lnh
vc khc)
Nha thng l 1 lai dip lc t ly t cy thng, thng c dng rn hay dng m, mu
vng nht (i khi c mu trng c). Trong qu trnh hn nn cha nha thng vo
hp hoc cha ca gi (nu gi c ch trng cha nha thng). Trong
qu trnh hn thnh thang ta nn dng thm nha thng tng cng thm cht ty
ra khi lp nha thng trong ch hn khng , tuy nhin khng nn lm dng nha
thng qu nhiu trong lc hn.
Cc lai km:
Km ct: dng ct chn linh kin v cc an dy dn, mi lai km ct s tng ng
vi mi lai dy dn. Khng c dng km ct lai nh ct an dy dn c kch
thc qu ln hay qu cng, iu ny s lm m ming km hay gy km.
Km m nhn: dng gi v b gp cc an dy cng hn cc chn linh kin, hay gi
linh kin trong khi hn. Tuyt i khng dng km m nhn bm hay b cc dy dn
qu ln hay qu cng.
Km tut: dng tut lp v bc nha bn ngai ca cc an dy dn trong lc hn ni,
ng knh ca mi lai dy dn tng ng vi gi tr ghi trn km tut.
Ch : Tuyt i khng dng km thay cho ba
Dao, giy nhm:
Dng lm sch lp oxit ha trn b mt dy dn hay chn linh kin trc khi hn ni
hay xi ch, khi dng dao nn nghing 1 gc 450 trnh trng hp xc dy trong
lc co. Ngai ra, dao cng cn dng gt lp nha bc ngai dy dn trong trng
hp khng c km tut.
Khoan:
Dng khoan cc l chn linh kin hay lm rng cc l khoan sn trn mch in, ng
vi mi lai chn linh kin ta s dng l khoan c ng knh tng ng.
Trong lc khoan khng nn mi khoan qu mnh, iu ny s lm cho mi khoan d b
gy. Gia 2 ln khoan nn c thi gian ngh, khng nn khoan lin tc.
Nhp:
Dng gp cc linh kin ra khi mch in hay dng un cc chn linh kin cho thng
v ng khang cch, c bit l IC.
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CC BC THC HIN KHI LM MCH IN BNG TH CNG

Cc thit b cn thit ti thiu trc khi thc hin:
Mch in c mt c trng ng
Bt v mch in (bt lng du)
Nc ra mch in (dung dch n mn clorua st: FeCl3 hay amoniumpersunphat:
(NH4)2S2O8).
B ng thuc ra (bng thy tinh chu la hoc snh s, nha)
B ng nc sch.
My khoan.
Qu trnh thc hin:
Ct kch thc trn tm mch in c mt trng ng ng bng kch thc board mch in
m mnh cn thc hin.
Lm sch b mt trng ng, sau lau tht kh.
Dng bt v cc ng mch in trn mt trng ng (Ch : ng v phi u v sc
cnh, nhng ni no c ph mc th nhng ni sau ny s l ng mch ng).
Nhng board vo b ng nc ra t 5 n 10 pht (phi cho thuc ra tip xc u vi
tit din ca board mch).
Ra sch bng nc sch v kh.
Dng giy nhm nh nh lp mc hin ra lp ng.
Khoan, bm l.
Ch : Dung dch ra mch in rt nguy him, s b nguy hi nu dung dch dnh vo
mt, da hay qun o. Trong trng hp b dung dch dnh vo th phi ra ngay bng
nc sch nhiu ln.
Nn mang bao tay bng cao su, knh bo v trong qu trnh ra mch in.

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BI 2: THC TP HN V RP MCH TRN PROJECT-BOARD

VI. I. MC CH
-

Gip cho sinh vin lm quen vi cch lp rp mch in t trn cc cng c h tr

thng s dng khi c nhu cu kim tra mt mch n gin hay tm hiu nguyn l
ng ca 1 linh kin no m khng cn phi lm mch in. Ngai ra, cung cp cho
sinh vin kh nng xi ch trn cc dy dn mch v hn cc linh kin in t trn mch
in.

VII. II. PHNG PHP XI CH V HN NI

-

1. Tin trnh thc hin khi xi ch trn dy ng:

- Bc 1: Dng dao lm sch b mt dy ng ni cn xi.
- Bc 2: Lm nng nng dy ng bng cch t u m hn bn di dy ng cn
xi truyn nhit, khi mu hng ca dy ng chuyn sang sm th ta a ch hn tip
xc ln dy dn (khc pha vi u m hn). Khi nhit nng th ch s chy ra v
bc quanh dy ng ti im cn xi.
- Thc hin bc 2 lin tc n v tr khc theo nguyn tc tin 2 bc li 1 bc (1
bc khang 2mm) cho n khi tan b dy ng c xi.
2. Hn ni dy dn:
- Hn u 2 u dy dn:

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- Hn ghp vung gc 2 u dy dn:

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VIII. III. GII THIU PROJECT BOARD V MCH IN A NNG

-

1. Project board:
- Project board l dng cm nhiu l, dng cm cc linh kin nh IC, transistor,
in tr, t in, dy ni, th cc mch in t n gin, hay kim tra c tnh ca
linh kin no .
- Cu to Project board:
+ Project board l dng tm phng, c bng nha. cc l cm l cc l ng m bc
c cu trc dng nhp, dng kp chn linh kin khi cm vo l.
+ Cu to gm 3 phn: 2 thanh nh hai u (thng cp ngun hay to thnh mt
nt giao ca nhiu nhnh trong mch) v 2 thanh ln gia (htng cm linh kin
v dy)
+ Khang cch gia 2 l lin tip bng 0.1 inch (=2.54mm) tng ng vi khang
cch 2 chn lin tip ca IC. Khang cch gia 2 tm gia bng 0.3 inch tng ng
vi khang cch 2 hng chn IC lai DIP300.
( Ch : khng nn cm nhng linh kin hay dy dn c kch thc ln hn kch thc
ca l)

2. Mch in a nng (Test Board)

- Mch in a nng c cu to tng t nh Project board nhng tm board l mch in
khng trng ng c 2 mt, lp trn khng trng ng l lp linh kin, lp di l lp
mch in. Trn tan b tm board cc l c khoan cch u nhau vi ng knh ca
l cng nh lp ng bao ph quanh l lp di ng chun ca chn IC.
- Mch in a nng thng c dng lp t, sp xp cc linh kin c nh v sau
hn cng linh kin trn board, nn n thay th tng ng chc nng ca mch in
han chnh.
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IX. IV. RP V KHO ST MCH DAO NG A HI

-

Cc bc thc hnh ti xng:

- Rp mch trn project-board t s nguyn l di y.
- Kim tra k li mch rp trc khi cp ngun.
- Cp ngun dc v kim tra trng thi hot ng ca mch.
5V
R1

R3

R2

R4

330

8K2

8K2

330

D1
LED

D2
LED
C1

10uF

C2

10uF

Q1
Q2
C828

C828

Tnh ton li cc gi tr ca cc in tr, t mch tho mn iu kin trong mch dao ng a hi

t kch. Tnh tn s dao ng.
Phn tch nguyn l hot ng; tnh ton cc gi tr v tn s dao ng; cc gi tr o (VBE; VCE).

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BI 3: THC HNH RP MCH NGUN N P DC

X. I. MC CH
-

Gip cho sinh vin cng c v thc hnh kin thc cc mn hc nh linh kin kin
t, ngun in. Ngoi ra, hng dn sinh vin nghin cu v vn dng datasheet ca
cc linh kin chuyn dng t cc nh sn xut linh kin. Qua bi thc hnh ny, sinh
vin c th rp nhng mch ngun n p dc c bn v thng dng nht.

XI. II. RP V KHO ST MCH NGUN N P DC 5V/1A

-

Cc linh kin v d liu h tr :

- IC LM317 v LM337.
- Bin th ra i xng.
- 4 diode chnh lu v t lc.
- Datasheet ca LM317 v LM337.

Yu cu : Rp ngun n p dc i xng 5V/1A theo s ch dn ca datasheet trn projectboard.

Lu :
-

Khng ct chn linh kin.

Kim tra k li mch rp trc khi cp ngun.

Cp ngun v kim tra trng thi hot ng ca mch.

V li mch nguyn l.
o cc thng s in p vo-ra, gii thch.

Phn bo co :

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