Do An Cuoi Cungdung

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

NGHA VIET NAM
CONG HOA XA HOI CHU
TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA
oc lap T do Hanh
phuc
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh

Khoa: Cong nghe Hoa & Thc pham
Bo mon: Qua trnh va Thiet b
O AN
MON HOC: O AN MON HOC QT&TB. MA

SO: 605040
Ho va ten sinh vien: V Tin Dng
Lp: HC06MB
Nganh (neu co): My & Thit B
1. au e o an: Thiet ke thap mm chp chng cat hon
hp Benzen Toluen co nang suat 200 l/h tnh theo san
pham nh
2. Nhiem vu (noi dung yeu cau va so lieu ban au):
-
Nong o nhap lieu:
= 40%phan khoi lng
Nong o san pham nh:

lng
Nong o san pham ay:
lng
= 98% phan khoi
= 1% phan khoi
Nguon nang lng va cac thong so khac t

chon
3. Noi dung cac phan thuyet minh va tnh toan:
Xem phan muc luc
4. Cac ban ve va o th (loai va kch thc ban ve):
Gom 2 ban ve A1: ban ve quy trnh cong nghe va
ban ve chi tiet thiet b
5. Ngay giao o an: 6/10/2009
6. Ngay hoan thanh o an: 18/01/2010
7. Ngay bao ve hay cham: 25/01/2010
CHU NHIEM BO MON

DAN
Ngay 6 thang 10 nam

2009
NGI HNG
Trang 1

(Ky va ghi ro ho ten)
ho ten)
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

(Ky va ghi ro
Trang 2
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

NHAN XET O AN
Can bo hng dan. Nhan xet:__________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
iem:_______________
Ch ky:______________
Can bo cham hay Hoi ong bao ve. Nhan xet:______________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
iem:_______________
Ch ky:______________
iem tong ket:
LI M U
Trang 3
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Khoa hc k thut ngy cng pht trin ng gp to ln cho nn cng

nghip nc ta ni ring v th gii ni chung. Mt trong nhng ngnh c ng
gp v cng to ln l ngnh cng nghip ho hc, c bit l ngnh sn xut
cc ho cht c bn.
Hin nay, cc ngnh cng nghip cn s dng rt nhiu ho cht c
tinh khit cao. Nhu cu ny t ra cho cc nh sn xut ho cht s dng nhiu
phng php nng cao tinh khit ca sn phm nh : trch ly, chng ct,
c c, hp thu Tu theo c tnh yu cu ca sn phm m ta c s la chn
phng php cho ph hp. i vi h benzen toluen l h 2 cu t tan ln vo
nhau, ta chn phng php chng ct nng cao tinh khit cho benzen.
n mn hc Qu trnh & Thit b l mt mn hc mang tnh tng hp
trong qu trnh hc tp ca cc k s Cng ngh Ho hc tng lai. Mn hc
ny gip sinh vin c th tnh ton c th : quy trnh cng ngh, kt cu, gi
thnh ca mt thit b trong sn xut ho cht - thc phm. y l ln u tin
sinh vin c vn dng cc kin thc hc gii quyt cc vn k thut
thc t mt cch tng hp.
Nhim v ca n l thit k thp mm chp chng ct hn hp
Benzen Toluen p sut thng vi nng sut theo sn phm nh(Benzene)
l 200 lt/h c nng 98% phn khi lng benzen, nng sn phm y l
99% khi lng Toluene,Nng nhp liu l 40% khi lng Benzene, nhp
liu trng thi lng si.
MUC LUC
Trang 4
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Li m u.....................................................................................3
CHNG 1 : TNG QUAN ....................................................................................4
I.L thuyt v chng ct..........................................................................................................5
II.Gii thiu s b v nguyn liu............................................................................................7
CHNG 2 : QUY TRNH CNG NGH.............................................................9
CHNG 3 : CAN BANG VAT CHAT...............................10
Cac thong so ban au ............................................10
Xac nh suat lng san pham nh va san pham
ay thu c..............................................................10
III.
Xac nh t so hoan lu lam viec..........................11
IV.
Xac nh phng trnh ng lam viec So mam ly
thuyet........................................................................13
V.
Xac nh so mam thc te.......................................14
I.
II.
CHNG 4 : TNH TOAN THAP CHNG CAT....................16

I.
ng knh on ct...............................................................................................16
II.
ng knh on chng.........................................................................................18
III.
Tr lc ca thp.......................................................................................................20
CHNG 5 : CN BNG NHIT LNG........................................................22
I.
Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b ngng t sn phm nh.................................22
II.
Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b gia nhit nhp liu.........................................22
III.
Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b lm ngui sn phm y...............................22
IV.
Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b lm ngui sn phm nh...............................22
V.
Nhit lng cung cp cho y thp........................................................................23
CHNG 6: TNH TON C KH..........................................................................24
I.
Tnh ton thn thp.................................................................................................24
II.
Tnh ton chp.........................................................................................................24
III.
Tnh ton y np thit b........................................................................................25
IV.
Bch ghp thn.........................................................................................................26
V.
ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp ng dn......................................................28
VI.
Chn - tai treo.....................................................................................................31
CHNG 7 : TNH TOAN THIET B PHU...........................33
Thit b ngng t sn phm nh ..........................................................33
Thiet b un soi ay thap.......................................36
Thiet b lam nguoi san pham nh......................39
Thiet b lam nguoi san pham ay........................43
Thit b un si nhp liu......................................................................................47
Bn cao v...............................................................................................................50
Bm..........................................................................................................................52
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
Ket luan........................................................................54
Tai lieu tham khao.......................................................54
Trang 5
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Chng 1 :
TNG QUAN
I. L THUYT V CHNG CT :
1. Khi nim :
Trang 6
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
- Chng ct l qu trnh dng tch cc cu t ca hn hp lng cng nh hn hp

kh lng thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t trong hn
hp (ngha l khi cng nhit , p sut hi bo ho ca cc cu t khc nhau).
- Thay v a vo trong hn hp mt pha mi to nn s tip xc gia hai pha
nh trong qu trnh hp thu hoc nh kh, trong qu trnh chng ct pha mi c to nn
bng s bc hi hoc ngng t.
- Chng ct v c c kh ging nhau, tuy nhin s khc nhau cn bn nht ca 2
qu trnh ny l trong qu trnh chng ct dung mi v cht tan u bay hi (ngha l cc cu
t u hin din trong c hai pha nhng vi t l khc nhau), cn trong qu trnh c c th
ch c dung mi bay hi cn cht tan khng bay hi.
- Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu cu t v thng th bao nhiu cu t s thu c
by nhiu sn phm. Nu xt h n gin ch c 2 cu t th ta s thu c 2 sn phm :
Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi ln (nhit si nh)
Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi nh (nhit si ln)

- i vi h Benzen Toluen
Sn phm nh ch yu gm benzen v mt t toluen.
Sn phm y ch yu l toluen v mt t benzen.

2. Phng php chng ct :
Cc phng php chng ct c phn loi theo :
- p sut lm vic :
p sut thp
p sut thng
p sut cao
Nguyn tc lm vic : da vo nhit si ca cc cu t, nu nhit si ca
cc cu t qu cao th ta gim p sut lm vic gim nhit si ca cc cu t.
- Nguyn l lm vic :
Chng mt bc
Chng li cun theo hi nc
Chng ct
- Cp nhit y thp :
Cp nhit trc tip
Cp nhit gin tip
Vy : i vi h Benzen Toluen, ta chn phng php chng ct lin tc p sut
thng.
3. Thit b chng ct :
Trong sn xut, ngi ta thng dng nhiu loi thit b khc nhau tin hnh
chng ct. Tuy nhin, yu cu c bn chung ca cc thit b vn ging nhau ngha l din tch
tip xc pha phi ln. iu ny ph thuc vo mc phn tn ca mt lu cht ny vo lu
cht kia. Nu pha kh phn tn vo pha lng ta c cc loi thp mm, nu pha lng phn tn
vo pha kh ta c thp chm, thp phun, y ta kho st 2 loi thng dng l thp mm
v thp chm.
Thp mm : thn thp hnh tr, thng ng pha trong c gn cc mm c cu to
khc nhau, trn pha lng v pha hi cho tip xc vi nhau. Tu theo cu to ca a, ta
c :
- Thp mm chp : trn mm b tr c chp dng trn, xupap, .
- Thp mm xuyn l : trn mm c nhiu l hay rnh.
Thp chm (thp m) : thp hnh tr, gm nhiu bc ni vi nhau bng mt bch
hay hn. Vt chm c cho vo thp theo mt trong hai phng php sau : xp
ngu nhin hay xp th t.
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GVHD : Phan nh Tun
So snh u nhc im ca cc loi thp :
u
im
Nhc
im
Thp chm
Thp mm xuyn l
Thp chp
- Cu to kh n gin.
- Tr lc thp.
- Lm vic c vi cht lng bn
nu dng m cu c ca
cht lng.
- Do c hiu ng thnh hiu sut
truyn khi thp.
- n nh khng cao, kh vn
hnh.
- Do c hiu ng thnh khi tng
nng sut th hiu ng thnh tng
kh tng nng sut.
- Thit b kh nng n.
- Tr lc tng i thp.
- Hiu sut kh cao.
- Kh n nh.
- Hiu sut cao.
- Khng lm vic c - C tr lc ln.

vi cht lng bn.
- Tiu tn nhiu
- Kt cu kh phc tp.
vt t, kt cu
phc tp.
Vy :qua phn tch trn ta s dng thp mm chp chng ct h Benzen Toluen.
II. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU :

1. Benzen & Toluen :
Benzen: l mt hp cht mch vng, dng lng khng mu v c mi thm nh.Cng thc
phn t l C6H6. Benzen khng phn cc,v vy tan tt trong cc dung mi hu c khng phn
cc v tan rt t trong nc. Trc y ngi ta thng s dng benzen lm dung mi. Tuy
nhin sau ngi ta pht hin ra rng nng benzen trong khng kh ch cn thp khong
1ppm cng c kh nng gy ra bnh bch cu, nn ngy nay benzen c s dng hn ch
hn
Cc tnh cht vt l ca benzen:
o Khi lng phn t: 78,11
o T trng(200C): 0,879
o Nhit si: 80oC
o Nhit nng chy: 5,50C
Toluen: l mt hp cht mch vng, dng lng v c tnh thm ,cng thc phn t tng t
nh benzen c gn thm nhm CH3. Khng phn cc,do toluen tan tt trong
benzen.Toluen c tnh cht dung mi tng t benzen nhng c tnh thp hn nhiu, nn
ngy nay thng c s dng thay benzen lm dung mi trong phng th nghim v trong
cng nghip.
Cc tnh cht vt l ca toluen:
o Khi lng phn t : 92,13
o T trng (20oC) : 0,866
o Nhit si : 111oC
o Nhit nng chy : -95 oC
Cc phng thc iu ch :
o i t ngun thin nhin
Thng thng cc hidrocacbon t c iu ch trong phng th nghim, v c th thu
c lng ln n bng phng php chng ct than , du m.
o ng vng v dehiro ha ankane
o Cc ankane c th tham gia ng vng v dehidro ha to thnh hidro cacbon thm
nhit cao v c mt xc tc nh Cr2O3, hay cc lim loi chuyn tip nh Pd, Pt
Trang 8
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
C6H6
CH3(CH2)4CH3
o Dehidro ha cc cycloankane
Cc cycloankane c th b dehidro ha nhit cao vi s c mt ca cc xc tc
kim loi chuyn tip to thnh benzen hay cc dn xut cu benzen
P t/ P d
C6H12 C6H6
o i t acetylen
un acetane trong s c mt cu ca xc tc l than hot tnh hay phc ca niken nh
Ni(CO)[(C6H5)P] s thu c benzen
3C2H2 x t C6H6
o T benzen ta c th iu ch c cc dn xut ca benzen nh toluen bng phn ng
Friedel-Crafts (phn ng ankyl ha benzen bng cc dn xut ankyl halide vi s c
mt cu xc tc AlCl3 khan
C6H6 + CH3- Cl Al C l C6H5-CH3
2. Hn hp benzen toluen :
Ta c bng thnh phn lng (x) hi (y) v nhit si ca hn hp Benzen
Toluen 760 mmHg.(Tham kho STT1)
Cr2O3 / Al2O3
x (% phn mol)
y (% phn mol)
t (oC)
0
0
110,6
5
11,8
108,3
10
21,4
106,1
20
38
102,2
30
51,1
98,6
40
61,9
95,2
50
71,2
92,1
60
79
89,4
70
85,4
86,8
80
91
84,4
90
95,9
82,3
100
100
80,2
Chng 2 :
QUY TRNH CNG NGH

Hn hp Benzen Toluen c nng Benzen l 40% (phn khi lng), nhit
nguyn liu lc u l 300C ti bnh cha nguyn liu (1), c bm (2) bm ln bn cao v
Trang 9
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
(3). Dng nhp liu c gia nhit ti nhit si trong thit b truyn nhit ng chm. Sau
hn hp c a vo thp chng ct (6) a nhp liu v bt u qu trnh chng ct.
Lu lng dng nhp liu c kim sot qua lu lng k (14).
Trn a nhp liu, cht lng c trn vi phn lng t on luyn ca thp chy
xung. Trong thp, hi i di ln gp lng i t trn xung. y c s tip xc v trao i
gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha lng chuyn ng trong phn chng cng xung pha di cng
gim nng cc cu t d bay hi v b pha hi to nn t ni un (10) li cun cu t d
bay hi. Nhit cng ln trn cng thp, nn khi hi i qua cc a t di ln th cu t c
nhit si cao l toluen s ngng t li, cui cng trn nh thp ta thu c hn hp c cu
t benzen chim nhiu nht (nng 98% phn khi lng). Hi ny i vo thit b ngng t
(7) c ngng t hon ton. Mt phn cht lng ngng t i qua thit b lm ngui sn phm
nh (8), c lm ngui bng thit b trao i nhit ng lng ng(8) ri c a qua bn
cha sn phm nh (9). Phn cn li ca cht lng ngng t c hon lu v thp a trn
cng vi t s hon lu thch hp v c kim sot bng lu lng k(5). Cui cng y
thp ta thu c hn hp lng hu ht l cu t kh bay hi (Toluen). Hn hp lng y c
nng Toluene l 99% phn khi lng, cn li l Benzene. Dung dch lng y i ra khi
thp vo ni un (10). Trong ni un dung dch lng mt phn s bc hi cung cp li cho
thp tip tc lm vic, phn cn li ra khi ni un c cho qua thit b lm ngui sn
phm y (13) ri i vo thit b lm ngui sn phm y(13) sau vo bn cha sn phm
y(12).
H thng lm vic lin tc cho ra sn phm nh l Benzen, sn phm y l Toluen
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GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Chng 3 :
CN BNG VT CHT
I.
CC THNG S BAN U :
Chon loai thap la thap mam chp.

Khi chng luyen hon hp Benzen - Toluen th cau t de bay hi
la Benzen.
Benzen : C6 H 6 M B = 78 g / mol
Hon hp:
Toluen : C6 H 5 CH 3 M T = 92 g / mol
Nang suat sn phm nh : D = 200l/h

Nong o nhap lieu : xF = 40% phn khi lng
Nong o san pham nh : xD = 98% phn khi lng
Nng sn phm y: xW = 99% phn khi lng
Nhiet o nhap lieu: nhp liu trng thi lng si
Chon:
Nhiet o nhap lieu: tFV = 94oC
Nhiet o san pham ay sau khi lam nguoi: tWR = 35oC
Nhiet o dong nc lanh i vao: tV = 30oC
Nhiet o dong nc lanh i ra: tR = 40oC
Cac ky hieu:
F , F: suat lng nhap lieu tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
D , D: suat lng san pham nh tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
W , W: suat lng san pham ay tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
xi, xi : nong o phan mol, phan khoi lng cua cau
t i.
II. XAC NH SUAT LNG DNG NHP LIU V DNG

SN PHM Y:
MF =xF.MB + (1-xF).MT = 0,4.78 + (1-0.4).92 = 86.4 kg/kmol
MD =xD.MB + (1- xD).MT = 0,98.78 + (1-0,98).92 = 78.28 kg/kmol
MW =xW.MB + (1- xW).MT = 0,01. 78 + (1-0,01).92 =91,86 kg/kmol
xF
0,4
MB
78
xF =
=
= 0,44
0
,
4
1 0,4
xF 1 xF
+
+
78
92
MB
MT
xW
0,01
MB
78
xW =
=
= 0,012
0,01 1 0,01
xW
1 xW
+
+
78
92
MB
MT
Dng sn phm nh c nhit 800C nn ta c khi lng ring ca dng ny:
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GVHD : Phan nh Tun
= 815 kg/m3,
= 805 kg/m
=
xD
1 xD
D = 809 kg / m 3
D = VD .D = 0,2.809 = 161 ,8kg / h

D
D=M
= 2,07 kmol / h
F = D +W
F .xF = D.xD +W .xW
Phng trnh cn bng vt cht:
W =240 ,6kg / h
W =2,8kmol / h
F =402 .4kg / h
F =4,87 kmol / h
F = 402,4 kg/h
F = 4,87 kmol/h
D = 161,8 kg/h
D = 2,07 kmol/h
x F = 0.4
x D = 0,98
x F = 0.44
x D = 0,983
= 240,6 kg/h
W = 2,8 kmol/h
xW
xW
=0,01
= 0,012
III. XAC NH CH SO HOI LU THCH HP :

* Ch so hoi lu toi thieu :
T so hoan lu toi thieu la che o lam viec ma tai

o ng vi so mam ly thuyet la vo cc. Do o, chi ph
co nh la vo cc nhng chi ph ieu hanh (nhien lieu,
nc va bm) la toi thieu.
Trang 12
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Hnh 1: o th can bang pha cua he Benzen Toluen ti P = 1atm

Da vao hnh 1 ta c xF = 0,44 yF* = 0,643
x y F* 0,983 0,64.3
=
T so hoan lu toi thieu : Rmin = D*
= 1,68
0,643 0,44
y F xF
T so hoan lu lam viec tnh theo cng thc kinh nghim: R = 1,5Rmin =
1,5.1,68 = 2,52
Theo Phng php th tch thp nh nht ta c: V = S.H
Vi S din tch tit din ngang ca thp; H chiu cao thp. Mt khc din tch tit
din thp t l vi lng hi, lng hi ny li t l vi lng hon lu hay S t l vi R.
Chiu cao thp t l vi s a l thuyt N lt. Vy th tch thp t l vi gi tr N lt.(R+1). Ln
lt cho cc gi tr R v tm th tch thp, ng vi gi tr no nh nht ca th tch thp th R
l t s hon lu ti u.
R
4.5
3.5
2.5
Nlt
(R+1).
Nlt
12
13
14
16
15
15
18
72
71.5
70
72
60
52.5
54
Biu din trn th:
Trang 13
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
(R+1).Nlt
Theo th trn ta chn gi tr t s hi lu thch hp R = 2,48
IV . PHNG TRNH NG LAM VIEC - SO MAM

LY THUYET:
1 . Phng trnh ng lam viec cua oan cat:
y=
2,48
0,983
R
x
x+
x+ D =
2,48 +1
2,48 +1
R +1
R +1
= 0,771.x + 0,284
2 . Phng trnh ng lm vic phn chng:

-Phng trnh ng lam viec cua phan chng
y=
R+ f
f 1
x xW =1,37x -0.0044
R +1
R +1
x D xW
0,983 0,012
vi f=
x F xW
= 0,44 0,012 =2,27
Trang 14
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Hnh 2: th xc nh s mm l thuyt chng h Benzen Toluen ti P = 1atm
3 . So a ly thuyet :
th xc nh s a l thuyt :
Dng ng lam viec cua thap bao gom ng lam

viec phan cat va phan chng. Tren o th y-x ta lan lt
ve cac ng bac thang t o xac nh c so a ly
thuyet la14.56 a, ta ly trn 15
T o th, ta co : 15 a bao gom :
6 mam cat
1 mam nhap lieu
6 mam chng (5 mam chng +
1 noi un)
Tom lai, so a ly thuyet la Nlt = 15 mam.
V . XAC NH SO MAM THC TE:

c nhiu phng php xc nh s mm thc ca thp, ngoi tr cc nh hng ca thit
k c kh thp th ta c th xc nh s mm thc da vo hiu sut trung bnh:
Nt = Nlt/ tb
Trong : Nt s a thc t, Nlt - s a l thuyt, tb hiu sut trung bnh ca thit b
x
n1 + n2 + n3 + .... + nn
tb =
n
Trong ni - hiu sut ca cc bc thay i nng , n - s v tr tnh hiu sut
Trong trng hp ny ta tnh
Trang 15
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
n D + nF + nW
3
Vi n D n F nW - ln lt l hiu sut a trn cng, hiu sut a nhp liu v hiu
sut a di cng
- Xc nh nD
ta c: T(nhit nh thp) = 800C, xD = 0,983 suy ra yD = 0,994 s dng bng I.101
trang 91 STT1 tra v ni suy cc gi tr nht B = 0,316.10-3 N.s/m2, T = 0,319.10-3
N.s/m2.
nht ca hn hp lg hh = xD.lg B (1- xD).lg T (theo cng thc I.12 trang 84
[5] ) hh = 0,316. 10-3 N.s/m2 (= 0.316cP)
tb
0.994
1 0.983
.
= 2,87
1 0.994
0.983
. hh = 2,87.0,316 = 0,905, theo hnh IX.11 trang 171 th nD = 0,53
- Xc nh nF , tng t nh trn ta c:
V bay hi tng i =
y 1 x
.
=
1y
x
TF(nhit a nhp liu) = 940C, xf = 0,44 suy ra yD = 0,643 s dng bng I.101 trang
91 [5] tra v ni suy cc gi tr nht B = 0,277.10-3 N.s/m2, T = 0,291.10-3 N.s/m2.
STT1) hh = 0,293. 10-3 N.s/m2 (= 0,293 cP)
0.643
1 0.44
.
= 2,29
1 0.643
0.44
. hh = 2,29.0,293 = 0,672, theo hnh IX.11 trang 171 th nD = 0,58
- Xc nh n w , tng t nh trn ta c:
V bay hi tng i =
y 1 x
.
=
1y
x
Tw(nhit a di cng) = 1100C, xw = 0,012 suy ra yD = 0,065 s dng bng I.101

trang 91 [5] tra v ni suy cc gi tr nht B = 0,239.10-3 N.s/m2, T = 0,250.10-3
N.s/m2.
[5] ) hh = 0,249. 10-3 N.s/m2 (= 0,249 cP)
0.0365
1 0.012
.
= 3,12
1 0.0365
0.012
. hh = 3,12.0,249 = 0,777, theo hnh IX.11 trang 171 th nD = 0.62
n D + n F + nW
0,53 + 0,58 + 0,62
tb =
=
= 0.58
3
3
V bay hi tng i =
y 1 x
.
=
1 y
x
Suy ra s mm thc :
Nt = Nlt/ tb = 15/0,58 = 25,8 ly trn 26 mm
Chng 4 :
TNH TOAN THAP CHNG CAT

Trang 16
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
* ng knh thap chng cat (Dt) :

Dt =
I.
4V tb
= 0,0188
.3600. tb
g tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)
Vtb :lng hi trung bnh i trong thap m3/h.

tb :toc o hi trung bnh i trong thap m/s.
gtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thap Kg/h.
Lng hi trung bnh i trong oan chng va oan cat khac
nhau.Do o, ng knh oan chng va oan cat cung
khac nhau.
ng knh oan cat :
1 . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thap on ct:
g + g1
g tb = d
kg/h
2
gd : lng hi ra khoi a tren cung cua thap kg/h
g1 : lng hi i vao a di cung cua oan cat kg/h
Xac nh gd:
gd = D.(R+1) =2,07.(2,48+1) = 7,204 kmol/h
= 563,93 kg/h
(V MhD =78.yD+(1-yD).92 = 78,28 kg/kmol)
Xac nh g1 : T he phng trnh :
g1 = G1 + D
g1. y1 = G1.x1 + D.x D

g .r = g .r
11 d d
(IV.1)
Vi:
G1 : lng long a th nhat cua oan cat .
r1 : an nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp hi i vao a th nhat
cua oan cat
rd : an nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp hi i ra nh thap .
* Tnh r1 : t1 = tFs = 94oC , tra bang I.212, trang 254, [5] ta co :
An nhiet hoa hi cua Benzen : rB1 = 383,1 kJ/kg.
An nhiet hoa hi cua Toluen : rT1 = 371,3 kJ/kg.
Suy ra : r1 = rB1.y1 + (1-y1).rT1 = 373,1y1 - 11,8y1
r1 = 373,1y1 - 11,8y1 kJ/kg
* Tnh rd : tD = 80 oC , tra bang I.212, trang 254, [5] ta co :
An nhiet hoa hi cua Benzen : rBd = 393,3 kJ/kg.
An nhiet hoa hi cua Toluen : rTd = 378,3 kJ/kg .
Suy ra : rD = rBd.yD + (1-yD).rTd = 393,3.0,99 + 378,3.0,01
rD = 393,15 kJ/kg
(vi xD = 0,983 suy ra yD theo phn khi lng l 0,99)
* x1 = xF = 0,4(ta coi n)
Giai he (IV.1) , ta c : G1 = 593,3 kg/h
y1 = 0,524 (phan khi lng benzen)
g1 = 755,1 kg/h
Trang 17
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
563 ,93 + 755 ,1

= 659 ,5 kg/h
2
Vay : gtb =
2 . Toc o hi trung bnh i trong thap on ct:

Vn tc hi i trong thp on ct:
( .w )
y
tb
= 0,065 .[] h.xtb ytb
Vi : xtb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long kg/m3 .
ytb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi kg/m3 .
h: khong cch mm (chn h = 0,3 ng vi D = 0,6-1,2m)
[] : h s tnh n sc cng b mt
Xac nh ytb :
ytb =
[ ytb .78 + (1 ytb ).92].273

22,4.( ttb + 273)
Vi: + Nong o phan mol trung bnh : y tb =

0,468 + 0,99
= 0,725
2
+ Nhiet o trung bnh oan cat : ttb =
= 89,5 oC
Suy ra :
Xac nh
=2,752 kg/m3.
xtb :
y1 + y D
=
2
t1 + t D 98 ,5 +80 ,5
=
2
2
ytb
Nong o phan mol trung bnh : xtb =

0,692
xF + xD
2
0,44 + 0,983
=
2
78 .xtb
= 65,5 %.
78 .xtb + (1 xtb ). 92
ttb = 89,5oC , tra bang I.2, trang 9, [5], ta co :
benzen = 804 kg / m3
toluen = 798 kg / m3
Suy ra : xtb =
xtb
1 xtb
xtb
benzen toluen
xtb = 802 kg/m3
Xc nh [] : h s tnh n sc cng b mt
Ta c:
1
hh
1
1
+
hh = 10 ,7.10 3 N / m = 10 ,7 dyn / cm
3
3
21,3.10
21,5.10
Vi: B =21,3.10 N/m, T = 21,5.10-3 N/m (s liu tra t bng I.242 trang 300 STT1)
Ta thy hh < 20 theo STT2 tr184 chn [] = 0,8
-3
( .w )
y
y tb
= 0,065 .[] h.xtb ytb = 0,065 .0,8. 0,3.802 .2,752 =1,33 kg / m 2 .s
D t = 0,0188
g tb
659 ,5
= 0,0188 .
= 0,419 m
( y . y ) tb
1,33
Tc hi trung bnh i trong on ct: w' y =

II.
.w y ) tb
1,33
= 0,483 m / s
2,752
ng knh oan chng :
Trang 18
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
1 . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thap on chng :

g , n + g ,1
,
; kg/h
g tb =
2
gn : lng hi ra khoi oan chng ; kg/h.
g1 : lng hi i vao oan chng ; kg/h.
Xac nh gn : gn = g1 = 755,1 kg/h
Xac nh g1 : T he phng trnh :
'
'
1
1
G = g + W
'
'
G 1 .x'1 = g 1 . yW + W .xW
g ' .r ' = g ' .r ' = g .r
1 1 n n 11
(IV.2)
Vi : G1 : lng long a th nhat cua oan chng .

r1 : an nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp hi i vao a th
nhat cua oan chng.
* Tnh r1 : xW =0,012(phn mol) tra o th can bang cua he ta
co : y*W
=0,016(phn mol), tng ng vi nng khi lng l y*W =
0,014(phn khi lng)
t1 = tW = 110oC, tra bang I.212, trang 254, [5], ta co :
r1 = rB1.yW + (1-yW).rT1 =362,3 kJ/kg
* Tnh r1 : t1 = tFs = 94oC , tra bang I.212, trang 254, [5] ta co :
r1 = rB1.y1 + (1-y1).rT1 = 378,9 kJ/kg
* W = 240,6 kg/h
Giai he (IV.2) , ta c :
x1 = 0,0135 (phan mol)
G 1 = 1030,3 kg/h
g1 = 789,7kg/h
Vay : gtb =
789 ,7 + 755 ,1
= 772 ,4 kg/h
2
2 . Toc o hi trung bnh i trong thap on chng:

Vn tc hi i trong thp on chng:
( .w )
y
tb
= 0,065 .[] h.xtb ytb
Vi : xtb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long kg/m3 .
ytb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi kg/m3 .
h: khong cch mm (chn h = 0,3 ng vi D = 0,6-1,2m)
[] : h s tnh n sc cng b mt
Xac nh ytb :
ytb =
[ ytb .78 + (1 ytb ).92].273

22,4.( t tb + 273)
Trang 19
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Vi: + Nong o phan mol trung bnh : y tb =

0,468 + 0,014
= 0,241
2
+ Nhiet o trung bnh on chng : ttb =

104,2oC
Suy ra :
Xac nh
=2,96 kg/m3.
xtb :
y1 + y D
=
2
t1 + tW
98 ,5 +110
=
=
2
2
ytb
Nong o phan mol trung bnh : xtb =
x F + xW
2
0,44 + 0,012
=
2
0,226
Suy ra : xtb =
78 .xtb
= 18,8 %.
78 .xtb + (1 xtb ). 92
t F + tW
93 +110
= 101,5oC , tra bang I.2, trang 9, [5] , ta
=
2
2
co :
benzen = 793 kg / m 3
toluen = 788 kg / m 3
ttb =
xtb
1 xtb
xtb
benzen toluen
Suy ra: xtb = 789 kg/m3
Xc nh [] : h s tnh n sc cng b mt
Ta c:
1
hh
[5] )
1
1
+
hh = 10 ,3.10 3 N / m = 10 ,3dyn / cm
3
18,8.10
21,5.10 3
Vi: B =18,8.10-3 N/m, T = 21,5.10-3 N/m (s liu tra t bng I.242 trang 300
Ta thy hh < 20 theo STT2 tr184 chn [] = 0,8
( .w )
y
tb
= 0,065 .[] h.xtb ytb = 0,065 .0,8. 0,3.789 ,7.2,96 =1,38
D t = 0,0188
g tb
772 ,4
= 0,0188 .
= 0,444 m
( y . y ) tb
1,38
Tc hi trung bnh i trong on chng: w' y =
.w y ) tb
ytb
1,38
= 0,466 m / s
2,96
Ket luan : hai ng knh oan cat va oan chng khong

chenh lech nhau qua ln nen ta chon ng knh cua toan
thap la : Dt = 0,50 m.
Khi o toc o hi ch lam viec thc:
0,0188 2.g tb 0,0188 2.659 ,5
=
= 0,339 m/s
+ Phan cat : lv =
2
0,50 2.2,752
Dt . y
tb
Trang 20
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
+ Phan chng :
III.
lv
0,0188 2.g tb
Dt . y tb
2
0,0188 2.772 ,4
= 0,369 m/s.
0,50 2.2,96
* chiu cao thp chng ct (Dt) :

H = Nt(H + ) + (0,8 1), m (cng thc IX.54- STT2 -Tr.169)
Trong Nt - s a thc t; b dy ca a, m; 0,8 1 khong cch cho
php nh v y thit b, m; H khong cch gia cc a, m
H = 26.(0,25 +0,004 ) +0,8 = 7,4 m ly trn l H = 7,5 m
Trong b dy a = 0 ,004 m tnh phn b dy a
Vy kt lun chiu cao thp H = 7,5 m
Tr lc ca thp chp :
Tr lc ca thp chp bao gm: tn tht p sut khi dng kh i qua a kh, tn tht
do sc cng b mt, tn tht tht do lp cht lng trn a v b qua s bin i chiu
cao lp cht lng trn a
Tr lc ca thp chp c xc nh the cng thc:
P = N tt .Pd , N / m 2
Trong Ntt s a thc t ca thp; Pd - tng tr lc ca mt a, N/m2

Pd = Pk + Ps +
Pt
Pk - tr lc a kh, N/m2
Ps - tr lc a do sc cng b mt, N/m2
Pt - Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a, N/m2

Tr lc ca a kh Pk :
Pk =
y .w 2 0
Trong : - h s tr lc, thng chn = 4,5 5( y ta chn = 5); y khi lng ring ca pha hi, kg/m3; w0 tc kh qua rnh chp, m/s
Vi khi lng ring pha hi i trong ton thp:
y =
2,752 + 2,96
= 2,856 kg / m 3
2
Vn tc kh trung bnh i qua mt rnh ca chp(phn tnh ton chp ta chn mt a

10 chp, mt chp 10 rnh), vy:
w0 =
Suy ra: Pk
0,369 + 0.339 1 1
= 35 ,4m / s
2
10 10
y .w 2 0
2,586.35,4 2
=
= 5.
= 8045,3 N / m 2
2
2
Tr lc do sc cng b mt Ps , N/m2
4.
Ps =
, N/m2
d
t
Trong - sc cng b mt, N/m; dt ng knh tng ng ca khe rnh

chp,m
4. f x
Khi rnh chp m hon ton: dt =
y f x - din tch tit din t do ca rnh. f x = a.b = 5.10 = 50mm2 vi a,b l b

rng v chiu cao ca rnh chp, mm. - chu vi rnh chp, = 2.(a+b) = 30mm
Trang 21
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
4. f x 4.50
=
= 6,67 mm = 6,67 .10 3 m
30
4. 4.10 ,5.10 3
=
= 6,296 N / m 2 , vi
Vy Ps =
3
Suy ra: dt =
d t
6,67 .10
l sc cng b mt trung
bnh ca phn chng v phn ct, nh ta tnh phn vn tc hi i trong thp th

ct = 10,7.10-3 N/m, chng = 10,3.10-3 N/m,
+ chung
= 10 ,5.10 3 N/m
suy ra = ct
2
Tr lc ca cht lng trn a Pt , N/m2 (tr lc thy tnh)

b
Pt = b .g hb , N/m2
2
Trong b chiu cao khe chp, m; b - khi lng ring bt, kg/m3; hb chiu
cao ca lp bt trn a, m; g gia tc trng trng, m/s2
+ Khi lng ring bt b = 0,5 x = 0,5.795,5 = 379,75 kg/m3, vi x - khi
lng ring trung bnh pha lng phn chng v phn ct,
+ chung 789 + 802
x = ct
=
= 795,5kg / m 3
2
+ hb chiu cao lp bt ly bng hai ln chiu cao lp cht lng trn a, theo phn
tnh ton cho a th chiu cao lp cht lng trn a l 25mm, vy hb = 50mm
+b chiu cao khe chp, tnh ton phn chp ta c b = 10mm
Suy ra:
b
0,01
Pt = b .g hb = 379 ,75 .9,81 0,05

= 167 ,6 N / m
2
2
Tng tr lc ca 1 a:
Pd = Pk + Ps +
Pt = 8045,3 + 6,296 + 167,6 = 8219,2N/m2
Tr lc ca ton thp:
P = N tt .Pd = 25 .8219 ,2 =16438 ,39 N / m 2
Kt lun: Tr lc ca ton thp P = 16438,39 N/m2
Trang 22
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
CHNG 5:
CN BNG NHIT LNG

I.
CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B NGNG T :

Qnt =(R+1)D.rD kW
Qnt : nhit ngng t, kW
Vi rD = x D .rB +(1- x D ).rT
Tai xD = 0,98 tra bang IX-2a trang 135 STT2 ta co TD = 80 . Tai
nhiet o nay ta co:
rB= 392,4.103 J/kg va rT=377,8.103 J/kg
3
rD = 0,98 x 392,4.10 + 0,02 x 377,8.103 = 392,108.103 J/kg
Do o Qnt =
II.
2,07.78,28
3600
. 392,108 (2.48+1) = 61,42 kW
CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B GIA NHIT DNG NHP

LIU N NHIT SI :
QF =CF .F(TF - TVo), kW
Tai xF = 0,44 ni suy t bng IX-2a trang 146 STT2 ta co TF = 94oC
Nhiet dung rieng cua nhap lieu tra nhiet o trung bnh
94 + 25
=
=59,5oC
2
tai nhiet o nay ta co CB =1930 J/kgo , CT=1900 J/kgo (Bang

I.153 TR171-172 [5] ).
Ta co CF= x F CB + (1- x F )CT = 0,4.1930+ (1-0,4).1900 = 1913,2
J/kgo
Do o QF=1913,2.
4,87.86,4
3600
(94 -25) = 15,43 kW
Neu coi ton that tren ng nhap lieu bang 5% th QF =

1,05.15,43=16,2 Kw
III.
CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B LM NGUI SN PHM

Y T NHIT 110OC XUNG 35OC :
QW = WCW(TW- TWra), kW
Nhiet dung rieng c xac nh nhiet o trung bnh T=
110 + 35
=72,5oC . Tai nhiet o ny ta ni suy t bang I.153 TR1712
172- [5] ta co : CB=1983 J/kgo,

CT=1952J/kgo
Nen CW = x w CB + (1- x w )CT = 0,01. 1983 + (1-0,01).1952= 1952,31
J/kgo
Do o QW=
IV.
2,8. 91,86
.1952,31.(110-35)=11,86, kW
3600
CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B LM NGUI SN PHM

NH T NHIT 80OC XUNG 35OC :
QD =CD.D(TD- TDra), kW
Trang 23
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Nhiet dung rieng cung c xac nh nhiet o trung bnh T=

80 + 35
=57,5oC . Tai nhiet o nay ta ni suy cc gi tr nhit dung ring
2
bng I.153 TR171-172- [5] : CB=1877.5 J/kgo , CT=1850 J/kgo

Tng t ta tnh c CD=1877 J/kgo
Do o QD =
V.
2,07 .86 ,4
.1877 .(80-35)=5,13 kW
3600
NHIT LNG CUNG CP CHO Y THP :

T can bang nhiet lng ta co:
QT = Qnt + QW + QD QF + Qf=1,05.( 61,42 + 11,86 + 5,13- 16,2 ) = 65,32 kW
Qf : l lng nhit tn tht, ta ly khong 5% tng lng nhit c ch cung cp cho y
thp
Trang 24
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
CHNG 6:
TNH TON C KH
I . THN THP :
1. Be day than :
V thiet b hoat ong ap suat thng nen ta thiet ke
than hnh tru bang phng phap han ho quang ien, kieu han
giap moi 2 pha. e am bao chat lng cua san pham va
kha nang an mon cua benzen oi vi thiet b, ta chon thiet
b than thiet b la thep khong g ma X18H10T. Thn thp c
ghp vi nhau bng mi ghp bch. V thp lm vic vi nhit ln hn 1000C nn cn
phi bc cch nhit cho thp.
Cac thong so can tra va chon phuc vu cho qua trnh tnh
toan:
Nhiet o tnh toan : t = tmax + 20 = 110 + 20 = 1300C
Ap suat tnh toan :
V thp hot ng p sut thng nn ta coi p sut tnh ton bng vi p sut thy tnh
ln nht tc dng ln y thp. iu kin nguy him nht chn tnh ton l thp
cha y Toluene nhit 300C khi khi lng ring ca Toluene T = 856,5
kg/m3
Nn: P = (Hthan + 2Hnap).g.T = (7,5 + 2.0,15).9,81.856,5 = 61328 N/m2
0,0613 N/mm2
Vi dung tch thp nh hn 30m3 ta chn theo bng 1.1 tr10- Tnh ton thit k chi tit thit
b ha cht du kh H L Vin th p sut tnh ton P = 0,01N/mm 2, nn ta chn p sut
tnh ton theo iu kin nguy him nht nh trn tnh.
vi Hnp = h + ht = 125 +25 =150 mm(tnh phn y np).
H s b sung do n mn ha hc ca mi trng:
Chn h s b sung do n mn ha hc Ca = 1 mm
ng sut cho php tiu chun: ca X18H10T

[ ]* = 140 N/mm2 (Hnh 1.2, trang 16, [7] H s hiu chnh: = 1
ng sut cho php: [ ] = [ ]* = 140 N/mm2 (chn = 1)
He so ben moi han:

V dng phng php hn h quang in kiu hn gip mi hai pha
h = 0,95 (Bng XIII.8, trang 362, 6 )
Tnh b dy: Cho thn tr hn chu p sut trong

[ ]
140
h =
0,95 =1618 > 25
P
0,061
Nn ta tnh b dy thn theo cng thc 5.3 tr96 [7] B dy ti thiu: S =

P.Dt
0,105 .500
=
= 0,197 mm
2[ ]h 2.140 .0,95
S + Ca = 0,197 + 1 = 1,197 mm
Quy trn theo chun: S = 2 mm, tuy nhin da vo bng 5.1 trg 94 - [7]
Tnh kim tra bn: Cho thn tr hn chu p sut trong
Trang 25
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
S Ca
4 1
0,1
0,1 0,006 0,1 (thoa)
Dt
500
2[ ]h ( S C a ) 2 140 0,95 ( 4 1)
=
Nn: [ P ] =
= 1,586 > P = 0,061 N/mm2
Dt + ( S C a )
500 + (4 1)
: thoa
Vy kt lun: b dy thn thp S = 4mm, ng knh ngoi thp Dn = 500 + 2.4 =508 mm
iu kin:
II. Tnh Ton Chp :

Chn chp s dng trong thp l chp trn
+ ng knh ng hi: dh = 26 mm
+ S chp phn b trn a: n = 10 chp
Chn s chp n = 10, vi khong cch gia tm ca hai chp 100mm
+ Chiu cao chp tnh t mt a n nh chp 70mm
+ ng knh trong ca chp 46mm
Vi: ch - b dy chp, thng ly 2 mm - 3 mm, ta chn 2 mm
Suy ra ng knh ngoi ca chp 50mm
+ Khong cch t mt a n chn chp S = 15 mm
+ Chiu cao g chy trn 45mm
+ Chiu cao khe chp
w 2 y . y
b=
g . x
4V y
4.245
=
= 3,5 , Vy lu lng hi i trong thp, m3/h;
Vi w y =
2
2
3600 . .d h .n 3600 . .0,05 .10
- h s tr lc ca a chp, thng ly bng 1,5 -2; y x - khi lng ring trung
bnh ca pha hi v pha lng, kg/m3
Suy ra b =
2.3,5 2.2,8
= 0,0218 m, chn b = 25 mm
9,81 .790
+ Chn b rng khe chp 5mm

+ Chn khong cch ln nht t g chy chuyn n thn thp 60mm(b dy 4mm)
+ Chn khong cch t g chy trn n thn thp 80mm(b dy 4mm)
+ B tr cc chp trn a sao cho 3 chp lin tip nhau to thnh hnh tam gic u
III. Tnh Ton y v Np Thit B
Chon ay va nap co dang hnh ellip tieu chuan, co g, lam

bang thep X18H10T
[ ]
140
Ta c: P h = 0,105 0,95 = 940 > 25

Nn b dy y v np chu p sut trong tnh theo cng thc 6.9 (Tnh ton cc chi tit
thit b ha cht v du kh H L Vin)
Trang 26
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

S=
Rt .P
+ Ca
2.[ k ].h
2
D
Trong S b dy y np, mm; Rt = t bn knh cong bn trong nh y(np),
4.ht
m;
h - h s bn mi hn (ly bng 0,95); [k ] - gii hn bn ko ca vt liu vi
X18H10T th [k] =540.106 N/m2; P p sut tnh ton N/m2; Ca h s n mn, mm
Rt .P
500 .0,105
S=
+ Ca =
+ 0,001 = 0,00105
2.[ k ].h
2.540 .10 6.0,95
Ta thy S Ca = 0,05 < 10mm nn ta cng thm 2 mm na cho b dy (theo hng dn
trg 386 STT2) suy ra S = 3,05 mm ly theo chun S = 4 mm
V y np tiu chun nn ta c: ht = 0,25 do Rt = Dt = 500 mm
Dt
V chn cc kch thc theo STT2 tr382:
+ ht =125 mm
+ Chieu cao g: hg = h = 25 mm
+Dien tch be mat trong: Say = 0,31 m2
+The tch cha cua ay(nap):Vay cha = 27,6.10-3 m3
S Ca 4 1
D = 500 = 0,006 < 0,125
t
Tnh kim tra bn:
2[ ] h ( S C a ) 2.140.0,95(4 1)
[ P] =
=
= 1,586 > P = 0,105
Rt + ( S C a )
500 + ( 4 1)
Vy tha iu kin bn. Kt lun chn kch thc y np:
+ ht =125 mm
+ Chieu cao g: hg = h = 25 mm
+Dien tch be mat trong: Say = 0,31m2
+The tch cha cua ay(nap):Vay cha = 27,6.10-3 m3
+ Rt = Dt = 500 mm
IV.Bch ghep than va nap:
Mat bch la bo phan quan trong dung e noi cac phan cua
thiet b cung nh noi cac bo phan khac vi thiet b. Cac loai
mat bch thng s dung:
Bch lien: la bo phan noi lien vi thiet b (han, uc va
ren). Loai bch nay chu yeu dung thiet b lam viec vi
ap suat thap va ap suat trung bnh.
Bch t do: chu yeu dung noi ong dan lam viec nhiet
o cao, e noi cac bo bang kim loai mau va hp kim cua
chung, ac biet la khi can lam mat bch bang vat lieu
ben hn thiet b.
Bch ren: chu yeu dung cho thiet b lam viec ap suat
cao.
Chon bch c ghep than, ay va nap lam bang thep CT3,
cau tao cua bch la bch phng hn kiu 1 theo bng XIII.27 trg417 STT2.
Trang 27
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Vi Dt = 500 mm va ap suat tnh toan P = 0,061 N/mm2 chon bch

co cac thong so sau theo bng XIII.27 trg418 STT2:
Dt
Db
D1
Do
(mm)
500
630
580
550
511
22
Bu-long
db
Z
(cai)
20
16
Trs bng IX.5 trang 170 [6] ng vi ng knh trong 500mm ta chn s a gia hai bch
N
25
+ 1 = 6,25
l 4, vy tng s bch cn dng l N B = t + 1 =
4
4
Ta chn 7 bch ghp thn
o kn cua moi ghep bch chu yeu do vat em quyet nh.
em lam bang cac vat lieu mem hn so vi vat lieu bch. Khi
xiet bu long, em b bien dang va ien ay len cac cho go
ghe tren be mat cua bch. Vay, e am bao o kn cho thiet
b ta chon em la day amiang, co be day la 3 mm.
Tnh kim tra b dy ca bch theo cng thc 7.1 trg 148 Tnh ton cc chi tit thit b
ha cht v du kh -Ho Le Vien :
h = t = 0,61.d b .
[ ]b
K .[ ]bi
l
D
P
1 Z + 0,7.
( l )2
[ ]b d b
l2
Cnh tay n ca mment gy un:

580 550
D D1
l1 = b
=
= 15 mm
2
2
l2 = =
580 500 4
= 38 mm
2
S b dy thit b, mm
P p sut ca mi trng trong thit b N/mm2
db ng knh ngoi ca bulong, mm
[]b - ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm bulong
[]bi - ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm bch
K, h s. Vi
K =1+
Dt
2.l 2
l
S
(1 2 2 ) + ( ) 2 1
Db
t
Dt
Trang 28
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
: h s
= (1
l1 Db 2.l 2 2
l
15 580 2.38 2
15
).(
) + 1 + 0,2 1 = (1 ).(
) + 1 + 0,2
= 1,19
l2
Dl
l2
38
550
38
Ta thy rng trong cng thc tnh t c K, nn ta chn trc gi tr t tnh K, gi tr t

c chn theo STT2.
Chn t = 20mm suy ra K = 0,887, thay vo tnh t = 18,22 ta thy gi tr t chn v t tnh
ton sai lch khng ng k (nh hn 5%) nn chn b dy bch h = t = 20 mm
Tm li kch thc bch l:
Dt
Db
D1
Do
(mm)
500
630
580
550
511
22
Bu-long
db
Z
(cai)
20
16
V. ng knh cac ong dan Bch ghep cac ong

dan :
Ong dan thng c noi vi thiet b bang moi ghep thao

c hoac khong thao c. Trong thiet b nay, ta s dung moi
ghep thao c.
oi vi moi ghep thao c, ngi ta lam oan ong noi,
o la oan ong ngan co mat bch hay ren e noi vi ong
dan:
Loai co mat bch thng dung vi ong co ng knh d >
10mm.
Loai ren chu yeu dung vi ong co ng knh d 10mm,
oi khi co the dung vi d 32mm.
Ong dan c lam bang thep X18H10T.
Bch c lam bang thep CT3 , cau tao cua bch la bch lien
khong co.
1.
Ong dn sn phm y:
Nhiet o cua chat sn phm y tw = 110 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Trang 29
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Khoi lng rieng cua benzen : B = 780,25 kg/m3

Khoi lng rieng cua toluen : T = 778,39 kg/m3
x
1 xF
1
0,01
1 0,99
= F +
=
+
Nen:
F = 778,4 kg/m3
F B
T
780 ,25 778 .39
Chon loai ong noi cam sau vao thiet b.
Chon van toc chat long trong ong noi la vF = 0,32 m/s. (theo
bng 2.2 trg370 STT1)
ng knh trong cua ong noi:
4.GF
4.240 ,6
=
Dy =
= 0,0189 m = 18,9 mm
3600 .F ..v F
3600 .778 ,4..0,32
Chon ong co Dy = 25 mm.

Tra bang XIII.32, trang 434, [6] Chieu dai oan ong noi l = 90
mm.
Tra bang XIII.26, trang 410, [6]
Cac thong so cua bch ng vi P = 0,25 N/mm2 la:
Dy
Dn
Db
D1
25
32
100
mm
75
60
12
Bu long
db
10
cai
4
2. Ong dn nguyn lieu:

Nhiet o cua chat long nhap lieu la tF = 94 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua toluen : T = 780 kg/m3
1
x
1 xF 0,2665 1 0,2665
= F +
=
+
Nen:
F = 789,5 kg/m3
F B
T
818,34
810,9
Chon loai ong noi cam sau vao thiet b.
Chon van toc chat long trong ong noi la vF = 0,32 m/s. (theo
bng 2.2 trg370 STT1)
4.G F
4.402 ,4
=
Dy =
= 0,023 m = 23 mm
3600 .F ..v F
3600 .789 ,5..0,32
Chon ong co Dy = 25 mm. (theo bng XIII.32 STT2)
mm.
Dy
25
Dn
32
Db
D1
100
mm
75
60
12
Bu long
db
Z
cai
10
4
Trang 30
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
3. Ong dan hi ra khi thp :

Nhiet o cua pha hi tai nh thap la tD = 80,5 oC.
Khoi lng rieng cua pha hi tai nh thap:
PM HD
1 78,28
HD =
=
22,4
= 2,7 kg/m3
RTHD
(80,5 + 273 )
273
Chon van toc hi ra khoi nh thap la vHD = 20 m/s.(theo bng 2.2
trg370 STT1)
Lng hi vo thit b ngng t : GD = D.(R + 1) = 161,8.(2,48 + 1) = 563,06 kg/h
4.G D
4 563 ,06
=
Dy =
= 0,031 m = 31 mm
3600 HD .v HD
3600 2,7 20
Chon ong co Dy = 40 mm.(theo bng XIII.32 STT2)
mm.
Dy
Dn
D1
mm
100
Bu long
db
Z
cai
12
4
40
45
130
80
12
4. ng dn hi vo y thp:
Nhit ti y thp l 1100C khi lng ring ca pha hi ti y thp
PM HW
1 91,86
HW =
=
= 2,92 kg / m 3
22
,
4
RTHW
(110 + 273)
273
Chon van toc hi vo y thap la vHD = 20 m/s.(theo bng 2.2 trg370
STT1)
ng knh trong ca ng ni
Vi lu lng hi i vo y thp g1 = 789,7kg/h = 0,22kg/s = 0,075m3/s
Suy ra Dy =
4.0,075
= 0,069 m = 69 mm
..
Chon ong co Dy = 70 mm.(theo bng XIII.32 STT2)

mm.
Bu long
Dy
Dn
D
D1
h
D
db
Z
mm
cai
70
76
160
130
110
12
14
8
5. ng dn lng hon lu :
Nhit dng hon lu tR = 80,5 oC.
Trang 31
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Chon van toc ca dng ny vo thp l v = 0,3 m/s. (theo bng 2.2 trg370
[5] )
1
x
1 xD 0,9765 1 0,9765
= D +
=
+
Nen:
D = 813,3 kg/m3
D B
T
813,46
806 ,56
4.G D .R
4.416 ,88
=
Dy =
= 0,023 m = 23 mm
3600 .D ..v
3600 .812 ,9..0,3
Chon ong co Dy = 25 mm. (theo bng XIII.32 [6] )

(mm).
Dy
Dn
25
VI.
32
Db
D1
100
mm
75
60
12
Bulong
db
Z
cai
10
4
Tnh ton chn , tai treo :

1.
Tnh trong lng ca toan thap:
Tra bang XII.7, trang 313, [6]
Khoi lng rieng cua thep CT3 la: CT3 = 7850 kg/m3
Khoi lng cua tm bch ghep than va nap :
2
mbch = 8. D 2 Dt .h.CT 3 = 8. ( 0,630 2 0,500 2 ) 0,022 7850 = 159,3 kg
4
Khoi lng cua than thiet b :

mthan =
.(D2ng D2t).Hthan .
4
X18H10T
. 0,508 2 0,500 2 .7,5.7900 = 375
kg
Khoi lng cua ay (nap) thap:
may(nap) =2. Sbe mat . ay . X18H10T = 2.0,31 . 0,004 . 7900 = 19,9 kg
Khi lng mm, ta c 25 mm v thit b un si
Mmm = khi lng chp + khi lng a di chp + khi lng ng chy chuyn(bao
gm c phn g chy trn) + khi lng ng hi
Ta ly khi tng th ca mt mm bng 2 ln khi lng mm khng c l v ng chy
chuyn cng vi b dy mm l 4mm, suy ra:
Mmm = 2. . D2t. . X18H10T = 2. .0,52. 0,004 . 7900 = 12,4 kg
4
Tng khi lng mm M = 12,4.25 = 310 kg

Khi lng Toluene gi s cha y thp trong trng hp nguy him nht
Mtoluene =
2
. D t. Ht .
4
toluene
Khoi lng cua toan thap:
. 0,52. 7,5 . 856,5 = 1260 kg

4
Trang 32
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
m = Mbch + Mthan + May(nap) + Mmm + Mtoluene = 159,3 +375 +19,9 + 310

+1260
= 2124,2 kg
2.
Tnh chan thap:
Chon chan : thap c tren bon chan.
Vat lieu lam chan thap la thep CT3.
Truc thiet b
T heo ay
thie t b
Ti trng cho php trn mt chn : Gc =
P mg
2142,2 9,81
=
=
= 0,5253.104 N
4
4
4
m bo an ton ta chn Gc = 1.104 N

Tra bng XIII.35, trang 437, [6] chn chn c cc thng s sau:
q.10-6
F.104
m2
85,4
N/m2
0,29
B1
B2
110
80
95
110
H
mm
180
120
40
18
Tnh khi lng gn ng mt chn :

Th tch mt chn :
V1 chn = [2.(H s).s. B2 + L. s. B].10-9
= [2.(180 6).6.110 + 110.6.80].10-9 = 2,69.10-3 m3
Khi lng mt chn :
m1 chn = V1 chn . CT3 = 2,69.10-3.7850 = 21,1kg
3.
Tnh tai treo thp:
Chn tai treo: Tai treo c gn trn thn thp v ta vo gin gi thp vng trong qu
trnh lm vic
Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3
Ti trng trn mt tai treo chn bng vi ti trng trn mt chn Gc = 1.104 N
Tra bng XIII.36, trang 438, STT2 chn tai treo c cc thng s sau:
F.104 q.10- L
B
B1
H
S
l
a
d
m
6
m
57,0
2
N/m2
0,44
90
65
75
140
mm
6
35
15
14
1,0
Khoi lng mot tai treo: mtai treo = 1,0 kg

Tra bang XIII.37, trang 439, STT2
Chon tam lot tai treo bang thep CT3 co cac thong so
sau(tra theo Gc = 2,5.104 N):
Trang 33
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Chieu dai tam lot: H = 260 mm

Chieu rong tam lot: B = 140 mm
Be day tam lot: SH =6 mm
The tch mot tam lot tai treo:
Vtam lot = B.SH.H
= 140. 6. 260. 10-9 = 0,2184.10-3 m3
Khoi lng mot tam lot tai treo:
mtam lot = Vtam lot. CT3 = 0,2184.10-3.7850 = 1,714 kg
Chng 7 :
TNH TON THIT B PH

I . THIET B NGNG TU SAN PHAM NH:
Chon thiet b ngng tu vo ong loai TH, at nam ngang.
Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep CT3, kch thc ong 20
x 2:
ng knh ngoai: dn = 20 mm = 0,02 m
Be day ong: t = 2 mm = 0,002 m
ng knh trong: dtr = 0,016 m
Chon:
Nc lam lanh i trong ong vi nhiet o vao tV = 30oC va
nhiet o ra tR = 40oC.
Dong hi tai nh i ngoai ong vi nhiet o ngng tu tngng
= 80,5 oC
1. Suat lng nc lam lanh can dung :

Can bang nhiet: Qnt = (R + 1).GD.rD = Gn.(hR hV) = Gn.CpT
Qnt = (R + 1).D.rD = 61,42 kJ/s theo tnh ton phn cn bng nhit
Qnt 2
61 ,42
Lng nc can dung: Gn =
= 167 ,5 125 ,7 = 1,47 kg/s
hR hV
Trong hR, hv enthanpy ca nc nhit trung bnh
tf =
1
( t v + t r ) = 1 ( 30 + 40 ) = 35 0 C
2
2
2. Hieu so nhiet o trung bnh :
Trang 34
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Chon kieu truyen nhiet ngc chieu, nen:

tlog =
(80 ,5 30 ) (80 ,5 40 )
80 ,5 30
= 45,32 K.
Ln
80 ,5 40
3. He so truyen nhiet:
He so truyen nhiet K c tnh theo cong thc:
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
n
ngng
, W/m2.K
Vi:
n : he so cap nhiet cua dong nc lanh W/m2.K
ngng : he so cap nhiet cua dong hi ngng tu W/m2.K
rt : nhiet tr qua thanh ong va lp cau.
3.1. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua nc i trong ong :
Nhiet o trung bnh cua dong nc
trong
ong:
tf =
1
( t v + t r ) = 1 ( 30 + 40 ) .
2
2
Tai nhiet o nay th:

Khoi lng rieng cua nc: n = 994 kg/m3
o nht cua nc: n = 7,23.10-7 m2/s
He so dan nhiet cua nc: n = 0,626 W/mK
Chuan so Prandtl: Prn = 4,90
Chon van toc nc i trong ong: vn = 0,6 m/s
Gn
4
1,47
4
.
=
.
So ong: n =
= 18,26 ng
2
N .d tr .vn 994 .0,016 2.0,6
Tra bang V.II, trang 48, [6] chon n = 19 ong

Van toc thc te cua nc trong ong:
4Gn
4 1,47
vn =
=
= 0,39 m/s.
2
n nd tr 994 19 0,016 2
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d
0,39 0,016
Re n = n. tr =
= 8630,7
n
7,23 .10 7
Ta thy 2300 < Ren < 10000 cp nhit xy ra ch chy qu
Ap dung cong thc (10), trang 6, Hng dn TNQTTB hay cng thc
V.44 [6] trang 16 cong thc xac nh chuan so Nusselt:
0 , 25
0 , 43 Pr n
l
Nu n = C. Prn .
Prv
Trong o: 1 he so tnh en anh hng cua he so cap
nhiet theo ty le gia chieu dai
L va ng knh d cua
ong khi Re < 10000, tng ng l = 1,2
H s C ph thuc Re, ng vi Re n = 8630,7 ta c C = 30
Tnh Prv: Prv c xc nh nhit trung bnh ca thnh ng
Nun . n
He so cap nhiet cua nc i trong ong trong: n =
dtr
3.2. Nhiet tai qua thanh ong va lp cau :
Trang 35

qt =
t w1 t w 2
rt
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

, (W/m2).
Trong o:
tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi hi ngng tu, oC
tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi nc lanh, oC
rt = t + r1 + r2
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 0,002 m
He so dan nhiet cua thep khong g: t = 16,3 W/mK
Nhiet tr lp ban trong ong: r1 = 1/5000 m2.K/W
Nhiet tr lp cau ngoai ong: r2 =1/5800 m2.K/W
Nen: rt = 0,0005 m2.K/W
3.3. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua hi ngng tu ngoai ong :
ieu kien:
- Ngng tu hi bao hoa.
- Khong cha khong kh khong ngng.
- Hi ngng tu mat ngoai ong.
- Mang chat ngng tu chay tang.
- Ong nam ngang.
Ap dung cong thc (3.65), trang 120, [4] oi vi ong n
chiec nam ngang th:
r. 2 .g.3
1 = 0,725 4
.(t ngng - t W1 ).d n
Tra hnh V.20, trang 30, STQTTB Tp [6] he so phu thuoc vao
cach bo tr ong va so ong trong moi day thang ng la tb
= 0,7 (v xep xen ke va so ong trong moi day thang ng la
9)
He so cap nhiet trung bnh cua chum ong: ngng = tb 1 =
0,7 1
Dung phep lap: chon tW1 = 52 oC
Nhiet o trung bnh cua mang chat ngng tu: tm = (tngng + tW1)
= (80,5 + 52) = 66,25 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua benzene : B = 828,92 kg/m3
Khoi lng rieng cua toluene : T = 820,34 kg/m3
1 xD 1 xD 0,9765 1 0,9765
=
+
=
+
Nen:
= 828,71 kg/m3
N
A
828,92
820,34
o nht cua benzene : B = 3,67.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua toluene : T = 3,51.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xDlg B + (1 xD)lg T = 0,98.lg(3,67.10-4) + (1 0,98)lg(3,51.10-4)
= 3,67.10-4 N.s/m2
He so dan nhiet cua san pham nh : D = 0,1436 W/mK
Trang 36
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
n nhit ngng t ca sn phm nh xc nh tf: r = 390 kJ/kg

Nen:
r. 2 .g.3
390.10 3.828,71 2.0,1436 3
1 = 0,725 4
= 0,725 4
= 1011 ,66W / m 2 .K
.(t ngng - t W1 ).d n
3,67.10 -4 .(80,5 - 52).0,02
ngng = 1 .0,7 = 708,2 W/m2K
qngng = ngng (tngng tW1) = 708,2.(80,5 - 52) = 20183,7 W/m2
qt = qngng = 20183,7 (W/m2) (xem nhiet tai mat mat la
khong ang ke)
tw2 = tw1 - qt rt = 52 20183,7.2,867.10-4 = 46,20C
Prw2 = 3,83
0 , 25
0 , 25
0 , 43 Pr n
0 , 43 4,9
l = 30 .4,9 .
.1,2 = 75,83
Nu n = C. Pr n .
3,83
Prv
Nu n .n 75,83 .0,626
=
= 2966 ,8W / m 2 K
n =
d tr
0,016
qn = n (tW2 tf) = 2966,8.(46,2 - 35) = 33228,2 W/m2
Kiem tra sai so:
qngng qn
qngng
100%
20183 ,7 33228 ,2
20183 ,7
100%
55,7% sai s qu ln, khng tha ta lp li cc bc tnh nh trn vi

cc gi tr khc ca tw1
S
Ln
Hi Ngng t
Tnh
tngng
80.5
80.5
80.5
tw
1
6
0
6
1
5
9
t1
ngng
qngng
20.
70.25
5
1414.474
28996.7191
19.
70.75
5
1432.27
27929.2597
21.
69.75
5
1397.732
30051.234
tm
Ket luan: vy chn ln tnh lp li th nht vi: tw1 = 600C c sai s nh nht, v
tw2 = 45,60C
3.4. Xac nh he so truyen nhiet:
K=
1
1
1
= 646,742 W/m2K
+ 0,0005 +
2947 ,8
1414 ,474
4. Be mat truyen nhiet:
Trang 37
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Be mat truyen nhiet c xac nh theo phng trnh truyen

nhiet:
Qnt
61,42 1000
=
F=
= 2,1 m2 d tr b mt truyn nhit ta chn
K .t log
646 ,742 45 ,32
F = 2,5 m2
5. Cau tao thiet b:
So ong truyen nhiet: n = 19 ong. Ong c bo tr theo hnh
luc giac eu.
F
d + dtr = 0,604 m chon L =
Chieu dai ong truyen nhiet: L =
n n
2
0,7 m
So chang : 1 chang
So ong tren ng cheo: b = 5 ong
Tra bang trang 21, [3] Bc ong: t = 1,2d = 1,2.0.02 = 0,024 m
So ong tat ca : 19
Ap dung cong thc (V.140), trang 49, [6]:
ng knh trong cua thiet b: D = t(b-1) + 4d n = 0,024.(5-1) +
4.0.02 = 0,17m ly trn 0,2m
II . THIET B UN SOI AY THAP :
Chon thiet b un soi ay thap la noi un Kettle.

Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch thc
ong 38 x 3:
Hi ot la hi nc 2,5at i trong ong 38 x 3. Tra bang 1.251,
trang 314, [6] :
Nhiet hoa hi: rH O = rn = 2189500 J/kg
Nhiet o soi: tH2O = tn = 126,25 oC
Dong san pham tai ay co nhiet o:
Trc khi vao noi un (long): tS1 = 110,2 oC
Sau khi c un soi (hi): tS2 = 110,6 oC
1. Suat lng hi nc can dung:
Tra bang 1.251, trang 314, [5]
Nhiet hoa hi cua nc 2,5 at = rH 2O = 2189,5 kJ/kg
2
D2 =
Q nt + Q W + Q D - Q F - Q f
r2
Q nt + Q W + Q D - Q F - Q f
65,32
=
= 0,0315 kg / s = 113,05kg / h
0,95.r2
0,95.2189 ,5
2. Hieu so nhiet o trung bnh:

tlog =
(126 ,25 110 ,2) (126 ,25 110 ,6)

126 ,25 110 ,2
= 15,85 K.
ln
126 ,25 110 ,6
Trang 38
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
He so truyen nhiet K c tnh theo cong thc nh oi vi

tng phang:
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
n
S
,W/m2.K
Vi:
n : he so cap nhiet cua hi ot W/m2.K
S : he so cap nhiet cua san pham ay W/m2.K.
3.1. Nhiet tai qua thanh ong va lp cau:
t t
qt = w1 w2 , W/m2.
rt
Trong o:
tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi hi ot trong ong, oC
tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi san pham ay
ngoai ong, oC
rt = t + r1 + r2
t
(Bang XII.7, trang 313, STQTTB [6] )
Nhiet tr lp ban trong ong: r1 = 1/5800 m2.K/W (Bang 31,
trang 419, [4])
Nen: rt = 5,289.10-4 m2.K/W
3.2. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong san pham ay
ngoai ong:
Ap dung cong thc (V.89), trang 26, [6]:
0,033
0,333
.r
0,75.q0,7
.
. 0,45 0.117 0,37
S = 7,77 . 10 . h
.c
.Ts
h
Nhiet o soi trung bnh cua dong san pham ngoai ong:
t +t
110 ,2 + 110 ,6
t S = S1 S 2 =
= 110,4 (oC) tS = 110,4 + 273 = 383,4 K
2
2
Tai nhiet o soi trung bnh th:
Khoi lng rieng cua pha hi trong dong san pham
ngoai ong:
PM HW
1 92
h =
=
22,4
= 2,91 kg/m3
RTS
(110 ,4 + 273)
273
-2
Trang 39

Nen:
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
1 xW 1 xW 0,00365 1 0,00365
=
+
=
+
= 0,00128
B
T
780,52
781,64
= 781,636
kg/m3
o nht cua toluen : T = 2,994.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua benzen : B = 2,71.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xWlg B + (1 - xW)lg T = 0,0043.lg(2,71.10-4) + (1 0,0043)lg(2,994.10-4)
= 2,993.10-4 N.s/m2
He so dan nhiet cua hn hp : = 0,149 W/mK
Sc cang be mat cua benzen : B = 0,01755 N/m
Sc cang be mat cua toluen : T = 0,0183 N/m
B T
Nen: =
= 0,009 N/m
B +T
Nhiet dung rieng cua benzen : cB = 2157,45 J/kg.K
Nhiet dung rieng cua toluen : cT = 2108,19 J/kg.K
Nen: c = cN xW + cA. (1 - xW ) = 2108,37 J/kgK
Nhiet hoa hi cua Benzen: rB = 370636,47 J/kg
Nhiet hoa hi cua toluen : rT = 362262,87 J/kg
Nen: r = rN xW + rA. (1 - xW ) = 362293,45 J/kg
3.3. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua hi ot trong ong:
Ap dung cong thc (3.65), trang 120, [4]: n = 0,7254
rn . 2n .g.3n
n .(tn - tW1).dtr
Dung phep lap: chon tW1 = 124,8 (oC)

Nhiet o trung bnh cua mang nc ngng tu: tm = 126,525 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua nc: n = 937,935 kg/m3
o nht cua nc: n = 2,25.10-4 (N.s/m2)
Nen: n = 10849,76103 (W/m2K)
qn = n (tn tW1) = 15732,15 W/m2
qt = qn = 15732,15349 W/m2 (xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong
ang ke)
tw2 = tw1 - qt rt = 116,68 oC
S = 2481,544 W/m2K (vi q = qt)
qS = S (tW2 tS) = 15579,58 W/m2
Kiem tra sai so:
=
qn qS
qn
100% = 0,97% < 5% (thoa)
Ket luan: tw1 = 124,8oC va tw2 = 116,68oC

K =
1
1
1
= 988,73 W/m2K
+ 5,289 .10 4 +
1849 ,76103
2481 ,544
Trang 40
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

nhiet:
Q
65,32 1000
=
= 4,17 m2 ly d b mt truyn nhit F = 4,5 m2
F=
K .t log
988 ,73 15,85
5. Cau tao thiet b:
Chon so ong truyen nhiet: n = 37 ong. Ong c bo tr theo
hnh luc giac eu.
F
d + dtr = 1,107 m chon L =
n n
2
1,2 m
Tra bang V.II, trang 48, STQTTB [6] So ong tren ng cheo: b
= 7 ong
Chn bc ong: t = 1,2dn = 1,2.0,038 = 0,046 m
Ap dung cong thc (V.140), [6]:
ng knh trong cua thiet b: D = t(b-1) + 4dn = 0,43(m)
III . THIET B LAM NGUOI SAN PHAM NH :

Chon thiet b lam nguoi san pham nh la thiet b
truyen nhiet ong long ong. Ong truyen nhiet c lam
bang thep X18H10T, kch thc ong trong : 16x1,6; kch thc
ong ngoai : 25x2,5.
Chon: + Nc lam lanh i trong ong 16x1,6 (ong trong) vi
nhiet o au : t1= 27oC, nhiet o cuoi : t2 = 40oC.
+ San pham nh i trong ong 25x2,5 (ong ngoai) vi
nhiet o au : tD = 80,5oC, nhiet o cuoi : tD = 35oC.
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua nc lam lanh c tra tai
t +t
lieu STQTTB tp 1 ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbN = 1 2
2
o
=33,5 C:
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cN = 4,181 kJ/kg.o
+ Khoi lng rieng: N = 994,4 (Kg/m3).
+ o nht ong lc: N = 0,7371.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: N = 0,6242 (W/moK).
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua san pham nh c tra tai
lieu tham khao [6] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbD =
t D +t 'D 80 ,5 + 35
=
= 57 ,75 oC:
2
2
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cD= 1909,84 (J/kg.o).
+ Khoi lng rieng: D = 837,91 (Kg/m3).
+ o nht ong lc: D = 0,407.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: D = 0,149 (W/moK).
1 . Suat lng nc can dung e lam mat san
pham nh:
Suat lng san pham nh:
Trang 41
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
GD = 161,8 kg/h = 0,045 kg/s.

Lng nhiet can tai tnh phn cn bng nhit lng cho thit b lm
ngui sn phm nh QD = 5,13 kW :
Suat lng nc can dung:
QD
5,13
=
GN =
= 0,102 kg/s = 368,1 kg/h
c N .(t 2 t1 ) 4,181 .( 40 28)
2 . Xac nh be mat truyen nhiet :
nhiet:
Qt
K .t log
Ftb =
,m2
Vi: + K : he so truyen nhiet.

+ tlog : nhiet o trung bnh logarit.
Xac nh tlog :
(80 ,5 40 ) (35 27 )
t log =
= 20 ,038
80 ,5 40
K.
ln
35 27
Xac nh he so truyen nhiet K:
K=
1
1
1 ,W/m2.oK
+ rt +
N
D
Vi: + N : he so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong

W/m2.oK.
+ D : he so cap nhiet cua san pham nh
W/m2.oK.
+ rt : nhiet tr cua thanh ong va lp cau.
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua san pham nh ong
ngoai:
Van toc cua san pham nh i trong ong ngoai:
vD =
GD
4
0,045
4
.
=
.
= 0,475 m/s.
D .( D 2 tr d 2 ng ). 837,91 .(0,022 0,0162 )
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,02- 0,016 = 0,004

(m).
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
0,475 .0,004 .837 ,91
Re D = D. td D =
= 5991 ,62 < 10000 : che
D
0,407 .10 3
o chay chuyn tip, cong thc xac nh chuan so Nusselt
co dang:
0 , 25
0 , 43 Pr D
l
Nu D = C. Pr D .
Prv
Trong o:
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc ty le chieu dai
ong vi ng knh ng, chon l =1. H s C = 19,5
Trang 42
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
+ PrD : chuan so Prandlt cua san pham nh

.c
0,407 .10 3.1909 ,84
57,75oC, nen Pr D = D D =
= 5,223.
D
0,149
+ Prw1 : chuan so Prandlt cua san pham nh
nhiet o trung bnh cua vach.
83,01
Suy ra: Nu D =
0 , 25
Prw1
He so cap nhiet cua san pham nh trong ong ngoai:
Nu D . D
83,01.0,149
3095,8
=
=
0 , 25
0 , 25
d td
Prw1 .0,004 Prw1
Nhiet tai pha san pham nh:

3095 ,8
q D = D .(t tbD t w1 ) =
(57,75 t w1 ) W/m2
0 , 25
Prw1
Vi tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi san pham
nh (ngoai ong nho).
* Nhiet tai qua thanh ong va lp cau:
t t
qt = w1 w 2 , W/m2.
rt
Trong o:
+ tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi nc (trong
ong nho).
t
+ r1 + r2
+ rt =
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 1,6 mm.
He so dan nhiet cua thep khong g: t = 17,5
W/m.K.
Nhiet tr trung bnh cua lp ban trong ong vi
nc sach:
r1 = 1/5000 m2.oK/W.
Nhiet tr lp cau pha san pham nh: r2 = 1/5800
(m2. K/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/2155,9 (m2. K/W).
Vay: qt = 2155,9.(tw1-tw2)
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong nho:
Van toc nc i trong ong:
vN =
GN
4
0,102
4
.
=
.
= 0,798 (m/s).
2
N .d tr 994,4 .0,01282
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
0,798 .0,0128 .994 ,4
Re N = N . tr N =
= 13779 ,94 > 104 : che o
N
0,7371 .10 3
chay roi, cong thc xac nh chuan so Nusselt co
dang:
Pr
0 ,8
0 , 43
Nu N = 0,021 . l . Re N Pr N
.( N ) 0, 25
Pr w 2
Trong o:
Trang 43
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc vao ReN va ty

le chieu dai ong vi ng knh ong : Re N = 13779,94,
chon l =1.
+ PrN : chuan so Prandlt cua nc 34 oC, nen PrN =
5.
+ Prw2 : chuan so Prandlt cua nc nhiet o trung
bnh cua vach.
107 ,9
Suy ra: Nu N =
0 , 25
Prw 2
He so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong:
Nu N . N 128,49.0,6242 5265,90
=
=
0 , 25
0 , 25
d tr
Prw 2 .0,0128 Prw 2
Nhiet tai pha nc lam lanh:

5265 ,90
q N = N .(t w 2 t tbN ) =
(t w 2 34) W/m2
0 , 25
Prw 2
Chon: tw1 = 50,5oC :
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua san pham nh c tra
tai lieu tham khao [5] ng vi nhiet o tw1=50,5oC:
+ Nhiet dung rieng: c = 1906,38 J/kg.o.
+ o nht ong lc: = 0,423.10-3 N.s/m2.
+ He so dan nhiet: = 0,138 W/moK.
.c 0,423 .10 3.1906 ,38
=
= 5,84
0,138
3095 ,8
.( 57 ,75 50 ,5) =14438 ,02 W/m2.
T (IV.9): qD =
5,84 0 , 25
Khi o : Prw1 =
Xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong ang ke: qt = qD =

14438 ,02 W/m2.
T (IV.10), ta co: tw2 = tw1 -
qt
= 43,8oC
2155 ,9
Tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], Prw2 = 4,10

T (IV.11): qN =
5265 ,90
.( 43 ,8 34 ) =16650 ,7 W/m2.
3,95 0, 25
Kiem tra sai so:
q N q D
qD
14438 ,02 16650 ,7

16650 ,7
= 13,29% sai s ny
chp nhn c nn ta chn

Vay: tw1 = 50,5oC va tw2 = 43,8oC.
5265 ,9
= 3725 ,28 W/m2.oC
3,95 0, 25
3095 ,8
D =
= 1991 ,45 W/m2.oC
5,84 0, 25
1
K =
= 810 ,05
1
1
1
W/m2.oC
+
+
1991 ,25 3725 ,28 2155 ,9
Khi o:
N =
T (IV.7), be mat truyen nhiet trung bnh:
Trang 44
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Ftb =
5,13.10 3
810 ,05 .20 ,038
= 0,316 m2
Suy ra chieu dai ong truyen nhiet :

L
0,316
= 6,99
0,016 + 0,0128
m
.
2
Chon: L = 8 m,(d tr khoang 15%).

Kiem tra:
L
7,5
=
= 625 > 50 th
d tr
0,0128
= 1: thoa.
Vay: thiet b lam mat san pham nh la thiet b

truyen nhiet ong long ong vi chieu dai ong truyen
nhiet L = 8 m, chia thanh 2 day, moi day 4 ng mi ng
1 m.
IV . THIET B LAM NGUOI SAN PHAM AY :
Chon thiet b lam nguoi san pham ay la thiet b truyen

nhiet ong long ong.
Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T:
Kch thc ong trong: 16 x 1,6
Kch thc ong ngoai: 25 x 2,5
Chon:
Nc lam lanh i trong ong trong vi nhiet o vao tV = 27oC
va nhiet o ra tR = 43oC.
San pham ay i trong ong ngoai vi nhiet o vao tWS =
110,2oC va nhiet o ra
tW = 35oC.
1. Suat lng nc lam lanh can dung:
Nh phn cn bng nhit lng trn tnh, ta c lng nhit trao i QW = 11,86 kW
Tra bang 1.250, trang 312, ST I Enthalpy cua nc 27oC =
hV = 113,13 kJ/kg
Enthalpy cua nc 43oC = hR =
180,17 kJ/kg
Suat lng nc can dung: Gn =
Q
11 ,86 .3600
= 180 ,17 113 ,13 = 636,8
hR hV
kg/h
(110 ,2 43) (35 27 )
tlog =
110 ,2 43
= 27,82 K.
ln
35 27
Trang 45

K=
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

1
1
1
+ rt +
n
W
W/m2.K
Vi:
n : he so cap nhiet cua dong nc lanh W/m2.K
W : he so cap nhiet cua dong san pham ay W/m2.K
3.1. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong:
Kch thc cua ong trong:
Be day ong: t = 1,6 mm = 0,0016 m
Nhiet o trung bnh cua dong nc trong ong: tf = (tV + tR) =
35 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua nc: n = 994 kg/m3
o nht cua nc: n = 7,23.10-7 m2/s
Chuan so Prandtl: Prn = 4,9
Van toc nc i trong ong:
4Gn
4 636,8
vn =
=
= 1,383 m/s
2
3600 nd tr 3600 994 0,01282
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d
1,383 0,0128
Re n = n. tr =
= 24484.65 > 104 : che o chay roi
n
7,23 .10 7
Ap dung cong thc (11), trang 7, [6] cong thc xac nh
chuan so Nusselt:
0 , 25
0 ,8
0 , 43 Pr n
Nu n = 0,021 . l . Re n Prn .
Pr w 2
nhiet theo ty le gia chieu dai L va ng knh d cua ong v Re,
ta chn 1 = 1 theo bng trang 7 - [6]
Nun . n
He so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong: n =
dtr
t t
qt = w1 w2 , W/m2
rt
Trong o:
tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi san pham ay (trong
ong trong), oC
tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi nc lanh (ngoai
ong trong), oC
rt = t + r1 + r2
t
Trang 46
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Nhiet tr lp ban trong ong: r1 = 1/5000 m2.K/W
Nen: rt = 5,565.10-4 m2.K/W
3.3. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong san pham ay
ngoai ong:
Kch thc cua ong ngoai:
ng knh ngoai: Dn = 25 mm = 0,025 m
Be day ong: t = 2,5 mm = 0,0025 m
ng knh trong: Dtr = 0,02 m
Nhiet o trung bnh cua dong san pham ay ngoai ong: t W =
(tWS + tWR) = 72,6 oC.
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua Benzen : B = 822,029 kg/m3
Khoi lng rieng cua Toluen : T = 814,196 kg/m3
1 xW 1 xW 0,00365 1 0,00365
+
=
+
= 0,001228 = 814,224 kg/m3
Nen: =
N
A
822,029
814,196
o nht cua Benzen : B = 3,409.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua Toluen : T = 3,315.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xWlg B + (1 - xW)lg T
= 3,316.10-4 N.s/m2
He so dan nhiet cua sn phm y : W = 0,146 W/mK
Nhiet dung rieng cua Benzen : cB = 1980,28 J/kgK
Nhiet dung rieng cua Toluen : cT = 1941,04 J/kgK
Nen: c = cB xW + cT. (1 - xW ) = 1941,18 J/kgK
Ap dung cong thc (V.35), trang 12, STQTTB [6] : Pr =
c
= 4,42
Van toc cua dong san pham ay ngoai ong:

4GW
4 240,6
v=
=
= 0,73 m/s
2
2
3600 ( Dtr d n ) 3600 814,224 (0,020 2 0,016 2 )
ng knh tng ng: dt =
4F
= Dtr dn = 0,02 0,016 = 0,004 m
Chuan so Reynolds :
vd 0,73 0,004 814 ,224
Re = t =
= 7169,89 < 104 : che o chay chuyn
3,316 .10 4
tip
Ap dung cong thc (10), trang 6, [6] cong thc xac nh
chuan so Nusselt:
0 , 25
Nu W = C l . Pr
0 , 43
Pr
.
Pr
w1

nhiet theo ty le gia chieu dai L va ng knh d cua ong.
Tra bang 2, trang 6, [6] chon 1 = 1,9
Trang 47
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Tra bang 2, trang 6, [6] chon C = 27

He so cap nhiet cua dong san pham ay ngoai ong:
Nu W .
dt
Dung phep lap: chon tW1 = 60 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Nen: lg W1 = xWlg B + (1 xW)lg T
W1 = 3,78.10-4 N.s/m2
He so dan nhiet cua sn phm y : W = 0,1275 W/mK
Nhiet dung rieng cua Benzen : cB = 1935,25 J/kgK
Nhiet dung rieng cua Toluen : cT = 1904 J/kgK
Nen: cW1 = cB xW + cT. (1 - xW ) = 1904,3 J/kgK
c
3,78 .10 4.1904 ,3
= = 5,66
Ta c: PrW 1 = W 1 W 1 =
W 1
0,1275
Nen:
0 , 25
Nu W = C l . Pr
0 , 43
Pr
.
Pr
w1
0 , 25
= 27 .1,9.4,88
0 , 43
4,9
.
4,71
= 69 ,74
Nu W . 101,03 .0.1189
=
= 2219 W/m 2 .K
d t
0,004
qW = W (tW tW1) = 2219 (76,2 60) = 25740,44 W/m2
qt = qW = 25740,44 W/m2 (xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong
ang ke)
tw2 = tw1 - qt rt = 41,2 oC
PrW2 = 4,31
Nun = 153,4
n = 4801,55 W/m2K
qn = n (tW2 tf) = 28809,33 W/m2
Kiem tra sai so:

=
qW qn
qW
100% = 0,106 chn khong ~ 5% l ph hp nn
kt qu ny chp nhn c
Ket luan: tw1 = 60 oC va tw2 = 41oC
K =
1
1
1 = 798,62 W/m2K
+ 5,565 .10 4 +
4081 ,55
2219

nhiet:
Q
11,86 1000
F = K .t = 3600 27,82 = 0,12 m2

log
Trang 48
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
5. Cau tao thiet b:

F
d
+ dtr = 2,12 m chon L =
n n
2
2,5 m
Kiem tra:
L
2,5
=
= 195 > 50
d tr
0,0128
= 1: thoa
Ket luan: Thiet b lam nguoi san pham ay la thiet b

truyen nhiet ong long ong vi tng chieu dai ong truyen nhiet
L = 2,5 m, chia thnh 5 hng ng mi hng c ng di 0,5 m
V . THIT B UN SI NHP LIU

Chon thiet b gia nhit nhp liu l thit b trao i nhit kiu ng chm.
Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch thc
ong 38 x 3:
Hi ot la hi nc 2,5at i trong ong 38 x 3. Tra bang 1.251,
trang 314, STQTTB [6] :
Nhiet hoa hi: rH 2O = rn = 2189500 J/kg
Nhiet o soi: tH O = tn = 126,25 oC
Dong san pham tai ay co nhiet o:
Trc khi vao noi un (long): tF = 30 oC
Sau khi c un (lng si): tS2 = 94 oC
6. Suat lng hi nc can dung:
Tra bang 1.251, trang 314, [5]
Nhiet hoa hi cua nc 2,5 at = rH O = 2189,5 kJ/kg
Q
15,43
D2 = F =
= 0,0074 kg / s = 74kg / h
r2
0,95.2189 ,5
2
t log =
(126 ,25 30 ) (126 ,25 94 )

126 ,25 30
= 58,95 K.
ln
126 ,25 94
He so truyen nhiet K c tnh theo cong thc nh oi vi
tng phang:
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
n
F
,W/m2.K
Vi:
n : he so cap nhiet cua hi ot W/m2.K
F : he so cap nhiet dng nhp liu W/m2.K.
Trang 49
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

t t
qt = F 1 F 2 , W/m2.
rt
Trong o:
tF2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi hi ot pha v, oC
tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi nhp liu trong ong, oC
rt = t + r1 + r2
t
(Bang XII.7, trang 313, STQTTB [6] )
Nhiet tr lp ban trong ong: r1 = 1/5800 m2.K/W (Bang 31,
trang 419, [4])
Nen: rt = 5,289.10-4 m2.K/W
3.6. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong nhp liu trong ng:
Tai nhiet o soi trung bnh th ca dng nhp liu tFtb = 620C:
Khoi lng rieng cua benzen : B = 836 kg/m3
1 x F 1 xF
0,4 1 0,4
=
+
=
+
= 0,0012 = 831,2 kg/m3
Nen:
B
T
836
828
Nen: lg = xFlg B + (1 xF)lg T = 0,4.lg(3,9.10-4) + (1 0,4)lg(3,81.10-4)
= 3,85.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: c = cN x F + cA. (1 - x F ) = 2108,37 J/kgK
cF F
p dng cng thc (V.35), trang 12, [6] ]: PrF =
= 1,94
F
Vn tc dng nhp liu i trong ng:
4GF
4 402,4
vF =
=
= 0,167 m/s.
2
3600 d tr 3600 831,2 0,032 2
Chun s Reynolds :
v d
0,167 0,032 831,2
Re F = F tr F =
= 11534,71 > 104 : ch chy ri
F
3,85 .10 4
p dng cng thc (3.27), trang 110, [4] Cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt:
0 , 25
0 ,8
0 , 43 Pr F
Nu F = 0,021 . l . Re F Pr F .
Pr F 2
Trong : 1 h s tnh n nh hng ca h s cp nhit theo t l chiu di v ng
knh ng.
3.7. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi nc i pha v :
Trang 50
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Ap dung cong thc (3.65), trang 120, [4]: n = 0,725 4
rn . n2 .g.3n
n .(t n - t W1 ).d tr
Dung phep lap: chon tF1 = 122,8 oC

Nhiet o trung bnh cua mang nc ngng tu: tm = 126,25 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua nc: n = 937,935 kg/m3
o nht cua nc: n = 2,25.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: n = 10849,76 W/m2K
qn = n (tn tW1) = 16820,49 W/m2
qt = qn = 16530,1 W/m2 (xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong ang
ke)
tF2 = tF1 - qt rt = 116oC
Vi tF2 = 1160C th tnh cht ca dng nhp liu trong ng
1 x F 1 x F 0,4 1 0,4
=
+
=
+
= 0,00128 = 781,25 kg/m3
Nen:
B
T
775 780,5
o nht cua benzene : B = 2,27.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua toluene : T = 2,39.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xFlg B + (1 xF)lg T = 0,4.lg(3,9.10-4) + (1 0,4)lg(3,81.10-4)
= 2,32.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: cF = cN x F + cA. (1 - x F ) = 2130,37 J/kgK
c F F
p dng cng thc (V.35), trang 12, [6] : Pr F =
= 3,31
F
0 , 25
Pr
Nu F = 0,021 . l . Re Pr . F = 704,56
Pr F 2
F = 2818,23 W/m2K (vi q = qt)
qF = F (tF2 tF) = 17134,8 W/m2
Kiem tra sai so:
0 ,8
F
0 , 43
F
qn qS
qn
100% = 1,8% < 5% (thoa)
Ket luan: tw1 = 122,8oC va tw2 = 116 oC

K =
1
1
1
= 1024,69 W/m2K
+ 5,289 .10 4 +
10849 ,76
2818 ,23
Trang 51
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

nhiet:
Q
15 ,43 1000
=
= 0,25 m2 ly d b mt truyn nhit F = 0,5 m2
F=
K .t log 1024 ,69 58 ,95
10. Cau tao thiet b:
Chon so ong truyen nhiet: n = 19 ong. Ong c bo tr theo
hnh luc giac eu.
F
d n + d tr = 0,523 m chon L =
n
2
0,6 m
Tra bang V.II, trang 48, [6] So ong tren ng xuyn tm ca hnh
su cnh l 3 on
VI . BONCAO V :
1. Ton that ng ong dan:
Chon ong dan co ng knh trong la dtr = 80 mm

Tra bang II.15, trang 381, [5] o nham cua ong: = 0,2
mm = 0,0002 m (an mon t)
Ton that ng ong dan:
l1
vF 2
h1 = 1 + 1 .
m
d1
2g
Trong o:
1 : he so ma sat trong ng ong.
l1 : chieu dai ng ong dan, chon l1 = 30 m.
d1 : ng knh ong dan, d1 = dtr = 0,08m.
1 : tong he so ton that cuc bo.
vF : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan
1.1. Xac nh van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan :
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua dong nhap lieu c tra nhiet
o trung bnh:
t + t FS 30 + 94
=
tF = FV
= 62 oC
2
2
Tai nhiet o nay th:
x
1 xF
1
0,4
1 0,4
= F +
=
+
Nen:
F = 832 kg/m3
F N
A
843,295 833,149
F = 4,129.10-4 N.s/m2
Van toc cua dong nhap lieu i trong ong:
4GF
4 1717,56
vF =
=
= 0,114 m/s
2
3600 F d tr 3600 832 0,082
Trang 52
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
1.2. Xac nh he so ma sat trong ng ong :

Chuan so Reynolds :
v d
0,114 0,08 832
Re F = F tr F =
= 18461,54 > 4000 : che o chay
F
4,129 .10 4
roi
Chuan so Reynolds ti han: Regh = 6(d1/ )8/7 = 5648,513
Chuan so Reynolds khi bat au xuat hien vung nham: Ren =
220(d1/ )9/8 = 186097,342
V Regh < ReF < Ren che o chay roi ng vi khu vc qua
o.
Ap dung cong thc (II.64), trang 379, [5]: 1= 0,1.1,46.
100
+
d1 Re F
0,25
= 0,031
1.3. Xac nh tong he so ton that cuc bo :
Cho uon cong :
Tra bang II.16, trang 382, [5]: Chon dang ong uon cong 90o
co ban knh R vi R/d =2 th u1 (1 cho) = 0,15.
ng ong co 6 cho uon u1 = 0,15. 6 = 0,9
Van :
Tra bang 9.5, trang 94, [1]: Chon van cau vi o m hoan
toan th van (1 cai) = 10.
ng ong co 2 van cau van = 10. 2 = 20
Lu lng ke : l1 = 0 (coi nh khong ang ke).
Vao thap : thap = 1
Nen: 1 = u1 + van + ll = 21,9
Vay: h1 = 0,031
30
0,114 2
+ 21,9 .
= 0,022 m
0,08
2 9,81
2. Chieu cao bon cao v:

Chon :
Mat cat (1-1) la mat thoang chat long trong bon cao v.
Mat cat (2-2) la mat cat tai v tr nhap lieu thap.
Ap dung phng trnh Bernoulli cho (1-1) va (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v
v
z1 +
+ 1 = z2 +
+ 2 +hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2.g
2.g
2
P2 P1 v2 v1
+
z1 = z2 +
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
Trong o:
z1: o cao mat thoang (1-1) so vi mat at, hay xem nh la
chieu cao bon cao v Hcv = z1.
z2: o cao mat thoang (2-2) so vi mat at, hay xem nh la
chieu cao t mat at en v tr nhap lieu:
z2 = hchan + hay + (nttC 1) h + 0,4
= 0,18 + 0,150 + (14 1)0,25 + 0,4 = 3,98 m
Trang 53
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
P1 : ap suat tai mat thoang (1-1), chon P1 = 1 at = 9,81.104

N/m2
P2 : ap suat tai mat thoang (2-2)
Xem P = P2 P1 = nttL . PL = 12. 2040= 24485 N/m2
v1 : van toc tai mat thoang (1-1), xem v1 = 0 m/s.
v2 : van toc tai v tr nhap lieu, v2 = vF = 0,32 m/s.
hf1-2 : tong ton that trong ong t (1-1) en (2-2):
hf1-2 = 0,662m
2
2
P P1 v2 v1
+
Vay: Chieu cao bon cao v: Hcv
= z2 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
= 3,98 +
24485
0,32 2 0
+
+ 0,662
9,81 .832
2 9,81
= 8,78 m
Chon Hcv = 10 m.
VII . BM :
1. Nang suat:
Nhiet o dong nhap lieu la tF = 30oC.
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua benzen : B = 869,25 (kg/m3)
Khoi lng rieng cua toluen : T = 855,39 (kg/m3)
1
x
1 xF 0,2665 1 0,2665
= F +
=
+
Nen:
F = 858,78 (kg/m3)
F N
A
869,25
855,39
o nht cua benzen : B = 5,91.10-4 (N.s/m2)
o nht cua toluen : T = 5,39.10-3 (N.s/m2)
Nen: lg F = xFlg B + (1 xF)lg T
F = 5,541.10-4 (N.s/m2)
Suat lng the tch cua dong nhap lieu i trong ong:
3
Q = 402 ,4kg / h = 0,5 m /h
F
Vay: chon bm co nang suat Qb = 0,5 (m3/h)
2. Cot ap:
Chon :
Mat cat (1-1) la mat thoang chat long trong bon cha
nguyen lieu.
Mat cat (2-2) la mat thoang chat long trong bon cao v.
Ap dung phng trnh Bernoulli cho (1-1) va (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v1
v2
z1 +
+
+ Hb = z2 +
+
+hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2.g
2.g
Trong o:
z1: o cao mat thoang (1-1) so vi mat at, chon z1 = 1m.
z2: o cao mat thoang (2-2) so vi mat at, z2 = Hcv = 10m.
P1 : ap suat tai mat thoang (1-1), chon P1 = 1 at.
P2 : ap suat tai mat thoang (2-2), chon P2 = 1 at.
v1,v2 : van toc tai mat thoang (1-1) va(2-2), xem v1= v2 = 0
m/s.
Trang 54
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
hf1-2 : tong ton that trong ong t (1-1) en (2-2).

Hb : cot ap cua bm.
2.1.
Tnh tong tr lc trong ong:
Chon ng knh trong cua ong hut va ong ay bang nhau:
dtr = 50 mm
Tra bang II.15, trang 381, [5] o nham cua ong: = 0,2 mm
= 0,0002 m (an mon t)
Tong tr lc trong ong hut va ong ay
lh + l
vF 2
+ h + .
hf1-2 =
d
tr
2g
Trong o:
lh : chieu dai ong hut.
Chieu cao hut cua bm: Tra bang II.34, trang 441, [5] hh = 4,3
m
Chon lh = 6 m.
l : chieu dai ong ay, chon l = 15 m.
h : tong ton that cuc bo trong ong hut.
: tong ton that cuc bo trong ong ay.
: he so ma sat trong ong hut va ong ay.
vF : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong hut va ong ay
m/s.
4Qb
4 2,5
vF =
=
= 0,36 m/s
2
3600d tr 3600 0,0502
Xac nh he so ma sat trong ong hut va ong ay :
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d
0,36 0,05 858,78
Re F = F tr F =
= 27122,63 > 4000 : che o chay
F
5,541 .10 4
roi
Chuan so Reynolds ti han: Regh = 6(dtr/ )8/7 = 3301,065
Chuan so Reynolds khi bat au xuat hien vung nham: Ren =
220(dtr/ )9/8 = 109674,381
V Regh < ReF < Ren che o chay roi ng vi khu vc qua
o.
100
+
Ap dung cong thc (II.64), trang 379, [5]: = 0,1.1,46.
dtr Re F
0,25
= 0,03124
Xac nh tong ton that cuc bo trong ong hut :
Cho uon cong :
Tra bang II.16, trang 382, [5]: Chon dang ong uon cong 90o co
ban knh R vi R/d = 2 th u1 (1 cho) = 0,15.
Ong hut co 2 cho uon u1 = 0,15. 2 = 0,3
Van :
toan th v1 (1 cai) = 10.
Trang 55
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Ong hut co 1 van cau

Nen: h = u1 + v1 = 10,3
v1
= 10
Xac nh tong ton that cuc bo trong ong ay :

Cho uon cong :
Tra bang II.16, trang 382, [5]: Chon dang ong uon cong 90o co
ban knh R vi R/d = 2 th u2 (1 cho) = 0,15.
Ong ay co 4 cho uon u2 = 0,15. 4 = 0,6
Van :
toan th v2 (1 cai) = 10.
Ong ay co 1 van cau v2 = 10
Vao bon cao v : cv = 1
Nen: = u1 + v1 + cv = 11,6
Vay: hf1-2 = 0,03124
6 + 20
0,32 2
+10 ,3 +11,6 .
= 0,2 m
0,05
2 9,81
2.2.
Tnh cot ap cua bm:
Hb = (z2 z1) + hf1-2 = (10 1) + 0,2 = 9,2 m
3. Cong suat:
Chon hieu suat cua bm:
= 0,8.
Qb H b F .g 0,5 9,2 858 ,78 9,81
=
Cong suat thc te cua bm: Nb =
3600 .b
3600 0,8
= 13,45 W
Ket luan: e am bao thap hoat ong lien tuc ta chon 2
bm li tam loai XM, co:
- Nang suat: Qb = 0,5 m3/h
- Cot ap: Hb = 9,2 m
- Cong suat: Nb = 13,45 W
b
KET LUAN
Vi quy trnh cng ngh tnh ton trn ta thy rng mt lng nhit ng
k cn gii l ngng t sn nh, gii nhit sn phm nh v gii nhit cho sn
phm y cha c tn dng gia nhit cho dng nhp liu. Nhng trong qu
trnh tnh ton gia nhit cho dng nhp liu ti trng thi lng si nu tn
dng nhit th cha gia nhit ti lng si trong khi phi tn thm thit
b, ng ng lm tng chi ph ca phn xng. Vn tn dng nhit l mt
vn thc t rt c quan tm, n nh l mt gii php nng cao hiu qu
ca qu trnh v tit kim nng lng, nhng trong gii hn v thi gian, kh
nng v kinh nghim thc t nn em cha phn tch tnh ton nh gi ng
mc cc qu trnh. n mn hc l mt mn hc tng hp v n mang li
cho em nhiu kinh nghim tnh ton thit k hon chnh mt qu trnh trong
sn xut.
Trang 56
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1].Tran Hung Dung Nguyen Van Luc Hoang Minh Nam
Vu Ba Minh, Qua trnh va Thiet b trong Cong Nghe Hoa
Hoc Tap 1, Quyen 2: Phan rieng bang kh ong, lc ly tam,
bm, quat, may nen. Tnh he thong ng ong, Nha xuat
ban ai hoc Quoc gia TpHCM, 1997, 203tr.
[2].Vo Van Bang Vu Ba Minh, Qua trnh va Thiet b trong
Cong Nghe Hoa Hoc Tap 3: Truyen Khoi, Nha xuat ban
ai hoc Quoc gia TpHCM, 2004, 388tr.
[3].Pham Van Bon Nguyen nh Tho, Qua trnh va Thiet b
trong Cong Nghe Hoa Hoc Tap 5: Qua trnh va Thiet b
Truyen Nhiet, Nha xuat ban ai hoc Quoc gia TpHCM, 2002,
372tr.
[4].Pham Van Bon Vu Ba Minh Hoang Minh Nam, Qua
trnh va Thiet b trong Cong Nghe Hoa Hoc Tap 10: V du
va Bai tap, Nha xuat ban ai hoc Quoc gia TpHCM, 468tr.
[5].Tap the tac gia, So tay Qua trnh va Thiet b Cong nghe
Hoa chat Tap 1, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc Ky thuat Ha
Noi, 1999, 626tr.
[6].Tap the tac gia, So tay Qua trnh va Thiet b Cong nghe
Hoa chat Tap 2, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc Ky thuat Ha
Noi, 1999, 447tr.
[7].Ho Le Vien, Thiet ke va Tnh toan cac thiet b hoa
chat, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, Ha Noi, 1978,
286tr.
[8].Nguyen Minh Tuyen, C s tnh toan May va Thiet b Hoa
chat Thc pham, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat,
Ha Noi, 1984, 134tr.
Trang 57

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AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

CONG HOA XA HOI CHU

TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA

Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh

MON HOC: O AN MON HOC QT&TB. MA

Nong o nhap lieu:

= 40%phan khoi lng

Nong o san pham nh:

= 98% phan khoi

Nguon nang lng va cac thong so khac t

CHU NHIEM BO MON

Ngay 6 thang 10 nam

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Can bo hng dan. Nhan xet:__________________________________

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Khoa hc k thut ngy cng pht trin ng gp to ln cho nn cng

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

CHNG 4 : TNH TOAN THAP CHNG CAT....................16

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

- Chng ct l qu trnh dng tch cc cu t ca hn hp lng cng nh hn hp

Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi ln (nhit si nh)

Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi nh (nhit si ln)

Sn phm nh ch yu gm benzen v mt t toluen.

Sn phm y ch yu l toluen v mt t benzen.

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

So snh u nhc im ca cc loi thp :

- Khng lm vic c - C tr lc ln.

II. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU :

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

QUY TRNH CNG NGH

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Chon loai thap la thap mam chp.

Nang suat sn phm nh : D = 200l/h

II. XAC NH SUAT LNG DNG NHP LIU V DNG

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

D = VD .D = 0,2.809 = 161 ,8kg / h

Phng trnh cn bng vt cht:

III. XAC NH CH SO HOI LU THCH HP :

T so hoan lu toi thieu la che o lam viec ma tai

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Hnh 1: o th can bang pha cua he Benzen Toluen ti P = 1atm

Biu din trn th:

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Theo th trn ta chn gi tr t s hi lu thch hp R = 2,48

IV . PHNG TRNH NG LAM VIEC - SO MAM