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Science Form 2: Topic 1 - The World Through Our Senses
Science Form 2: Topic 1 - The World Through Our Senses
Eyes
Ears
Skin
Nose
Tongue
Stimulus
(Interprets)
receptors
nerve impulses
Brain nerve impulses nerves nerve (muscles & glands) (sense) impulses nerves effectors response
Detection of Smell
Chemicals (e.g.: food & flowers) present in inhaled air chemical particles enter the nasal cavity chemicals dissolve in the mucus lining Smell receptors stimulated and send out nerve impulses to the brain The brain identifies the smell
How we see
Light rays travel from an object and enter the eye through the pupil. The light rays are refracted (bent) by the cornea, aqueous humour, eye lens and vitreous humour. An inverted image smaller than the actual image is formed on the retina. The image stimulates the photoreceptors in the retina to produce nerve impulses. The nerve impulses are sent by the optic nerves to the brain. The brain interprets the impulses and converts the inverted image to an upright image.
normal
Incident ray
Reflected ray
Regular Reflection
Diffused Reflection
Reflection of Light
Reflection of Light
Concave mirror
Periscope
Refraction of Light
Light can travel through transparent media such as air, water and glass. Light travels at different speeds in different media. When light travels from one medium into another, the change in the speed of light causes the light to bend or change direction. The refraction of light is the bending of light as light travels through two types of media that have different densities. The speed of light increases when light enters a less dense medium. The speed of light decreases when light enters a denser medium. Refraction of light does not occur when the light ray is directly perpendicular to the surface of the medium. The light will pass through the medium in a straight line. When light travels from a less dense medium (air) to a denser medium (glass), its speed decreases and the light ray is refracted towards the normal. When light travels from a denser medium (glass) to a less dense medium (air), its speed increases and the light ray is refracted away from the normal.
Refraction of Light
Focus on retina