NHM 3: Vn Hi Nguyn Ngc Tin

TM HIU V CNG LPT

1. Tng quan Cng ty Centronics, tng ni ting th gii vi v tr hng u trong s nh sn xut my in kiu ma trn, thit k ra cng song song nhm mc ch ni my tnh PC vi my in. V sau,cng song song pht trin thnh mt tiu chun khng chnh thc. Tn gi ca cng song song bt ngun t kiu d liu truyn qua cng ny: cc bit d liu c truyn song song hay ni c th hn l byte ni tip cn bit song song.Cho n nay cng song song c mt hu ht cc my tnh PC c

sn xut trong nhng nm gn y. Cng song song cn c gi l cng my in (lpt) hay cng Centronics. - Cng song song, cng my in - LPT vit tt t Line PrinterTerminal.

Cu trc ca cng song song rt n gin vi tm ng d liu, mt ng dn mass chung, bn ng dn iu khin chuyn cc d liu iu khin ti my in v nm ng dn trng thi ca my in ngc tr li my tnh. Giao din song song sdng cc mc logic TTL, v vy vic s dng trong mc ch o lng viu khin cphn n gin. Khong cch cc i gia cng song song my tnh PC v thit bngai vi b hn ch v in dung ksinh v hin tng cm ng gia cc ng dn c th lm bin dn tn hiu. Khong cch gii hn l 8m,thng thng ch c 1,5 2 m. Khi khong cch ghp ni trn 3m nn xon cc ng dy tn hiu vi ng ni t theo kiu cp dy xon hoc dng loi cp dt nhiu si trong mi ng dn d liu iu nm gia hai ng ni mass. Tc truyn d liu qua cng song song phthuc vo linh kin phn cng c s dng. Trn l thuyt tc truyn y gi tr 1 Mbit/s, nhng vi khong cch truyn b hn ch trong phm vi 1m. Vi nhiu mc ch s dng th khong cch ny hon ton tha ng.Nu cn truyn trn khong cch xa hn, ta nn nghn kh nng truyn qua cng ni tip hoc USB. Mt im cn lu l: vic tng khong cch truyn d liu qua cng song song khng ch lm tng kh nng gy li i vi ng d liu c truyn m cn lm tng chi ph ca ng dn. 2. Cu trc cng song song:

Cng song song c 2 loi: cm 36 chn cm 25 chn

Ngy nay, loi cm 36 chn khng cn c s dng, hu ht cc my tnh PC u trang bcng song song 25 chn nn ta ch cn quan tm n loi 25 chn.

Hnh trn gii thiu loi cm 25 chn v cch b tr cc chn. Tn ca tn hiu Chn s (chn s 25 chn) Strobe D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chn s ( cm 36 chn)

D5 D6 D7 Acknowledge Busy (bo bn) Paper empty (ht giy) Select (la chn) Auto Linefeed (t ng np dng) Error (mc li) Reset (t li) Select Input (la chn li vo) Ground (ni t 0V) Signal Ground (ni t ca tn hiu) Chassis Ground (v my ni t) +5V Khng s dng

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18-25

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 32 31 36 19-30, 33 16 17 18 34, 35

Tn hiu cc chn trn cm 25 chn v 36 chn trong trng hp cn thit c th so snh.Sau y l chc nng ca cc ng dn tn hiu: Strobe (1): Vi mt mc logic thp chn ny, my tnh thng bo cho my in bit c mt byte ang sn sng trn cc ng dn tn hiu c truyn. D0 n D7: Cc ng dn d liu

Acknowledge: vi mt mc logic thp chn ny, my in thng bo cho my tnh bit l nhn c k tva gi v c th tip tc nhn. Busy (bn 11): my in gi n chn ny mc logic cao trong khi ang n nhn hoc in ra d liu thng bo cho my tnh bit l cc b m trong my tnh bit l cc b m trong my tnh b y hoc my in trong trng thi off-line.

Paper empty (ht giy 12): Mc cao chn ny c ngha l giy dng ht.

Select (13): Mt mc cao chn ny, c ngha l my in ang trong trng thi kch hot (On-line).Auto Linefeed (t np dng): C khi cn gi l Auto Feed. Bng mt mc thp chn ny my tnh PC nhc my in t ng np mt dng mi mi khi kt thc mt dng.Error (c li): Bng mt mc thp chn ny, my inthng bo cho my tnh l xut hin mt li, chng hn kt giy hoc my in ang trong trng thi Off-Line. Reset (t li): Bng mt mc thp chn ny, my in c t li trng thi c xc nh lc ban u. Select Input: bn mt mc thp chn ny, my in c la chn bi my tnh. Nh vy cp ni gia my in v my tnh bao gm 25 si, nhng khng phi tt c iu c s dng m trn thc t ch c 18 si c ni vi cc chn c th. Nhn xt ny gip chng ta tn dng nhng cp ni m trong li b t mt hai si. Tn cc ng dn v hng truyn tn hiu c m t nh sau:

Cc ng ni v chiu tn hiu gia my tnh v my in. Qua cch m t chc nng ca tng tn hiu ring l ta c th nhn thy cc ng dn d liu c th chia thnh 3 nhm:

- Cc ng dn tn hiu, xut ra t my tnh PC v iu khin my in c gi l cc ng dn iu khin. - Cc ng dn tn hiu, a cc thng tin thng bo ngc li t my in v my tnh, c gi l cc ng dn trng thi. - ng dn d liu, truyn cc bit ring l ca cc k t cn in. T cch m t cc tn hiu v mc tn hiu ta c th nhn thy l: cc tn hiu Acknowledge,Auto Linefeed, Error, Reset v Select Input kch hot mc thp. Thng qua chc nng ca cc chn ny ta cng hnh dung c iu khin cng my in. ng ch l 8 ng dn song song u c dng chuyn

d liu t my tnh sang my in. Trong nhng trng hp ny, khi chuyn sang cc ng dng thc hin nhim v o lng ta phi chuyn d liu t mch ngai vi vo my tnh thu thp v x l. V vy ta phi tn dng mt trong nm ng dn theo hng ngc li, ngha l t bn ngoi v my tnh truyn s liu o lng. Di y cp chi tit hn n cc c tnh mt hng v hai hng ca cc ng dn ny. c th ghp nic cc thit b ngoi vi, cc mch in ng dng trong o lng v iu khin vi cng song song ta phi tm hiu cch trao i vi cc thanh ghi thng qua cch sp xp v a ch cc thanh ghi cng nh phn mm. Cc ng dn ca cng song song c ni vi ba thanh ghi 8 bit khc nhau: Thanh ghi d liu Thanh ghi trng thi Thanh ghi iu khin Tm ng dn d liu dn ti 8 nh trn thanh ghi d liu cn bn ng dn iu khin Strobe, Auto Linefeed, Reset, Select Input dn ti bn nh trn thanh ghi iu khin, cui cng l nm ng dn trng thi Acknowledge, Busy, Paper empty, Select,

Error ni ti nm trn thanh ghi trng thi. Ring thanh ghi iu khin cn phi ch ti mt bit na c s dng cho mc ch ghp ni nhng khng c ni vi cm 25 chn. Bit ny c th c s dng xa mt bit ngt lin quan vi ng dn Acknowledge, v vy cha cp n y. 3. a ch cng LPT trong my tnh Trn hnh, thanh ghi d liu c ch r l hai hng d liu c th c xut ra cc chn D0 n D7 hoc c vo. Thanh ghi iu khin cng l hai hng, thanh ghi trng thi ch c th c c v v vy gi l mt hng. Ta c th trao i vi 3 thanh ghi ny nh th no? H iu hnh DOS d tnh n bn cng song song v t tn l: LPT1, LPT2, LPT3 v LPT4. Tuy vy, hu ht cc my tnh PC u ch c nhiu nht hai cng song song , v cho n nay vi l do gim gi thnh, cng song song ch cn li mt. V mt phn cng, cc nh sn xut d tnh bn nhm, mi nhm 3 a ch, trao i vi tng nh trn thanh ghi ca mi giao din. Ta c th nhn thy cc a ch thanh ghi nm k tip nhau.Khi bt my tnh, BIOS kim tra k tip nhau cc a ch c ghi trong bng v khng nh xem trn my c trang b mt vi cng song song. Cc cng song song c BIOS tm thy s c sp xp theo cc tn m DOS ch nh l: LPT1, LPT2 iu ny gii thch v sao trong cc ti liu khc nhau cc a ch c n nh cho LPT1, LPT2 li sai lch nhau. Phn ln trong cc phin bn ca BIOS chy trong giai on khi ng (boot phase) ca my tnh, trong phn cng ca my tnh c kim tra v cu hnh ca my tnh, c th y a ch cc giao din song song, ang tn ti c xut ra mn hnh (trong mt khung hnh ch nht). Ta c th lm dng qu trnh khi ng my tnh bng phm <Pause> quan st k cc thng s c lit k trong bng.Cc a ch thanh ghi ca cng song song trn my tnh PC. Cng song song (LPT) LPT1 LPT2 LPT3 LPT4 a ch thanh ghi d liu 3BCh 378h 278h 2BCh a ch thanh ghi trng thi 3BDh 379b 279b 2BDh a ch thanh ghi iu khin 3BEh 37Ah 27Ah 2BEh

4. Cc ch hot ng ca cng LPT a, Ch c bn SPP

Ch ny cn gi l ch Centronic, trong truyn d liu c dng b qua xung STB . V tc truyn k t ca cng song song nhanh hn tc in ca my in nn thng tin y phi c mc ni. Khi u my tnh t cc s liu ln bus sau kch hot ng STB xung mc thp thng tin cho my in bit rng s liu n nh trn bus. Khi my in x l xong d liu, n s tr li tn hiu ACK xung mc thp ghi nhn. My tnh i cho n khi ng BSY t my in xung thp (my in khng bn) th s a tip s liu ln bus. iu khin mc ni mm cho tc truyn d liu c 150kB/s. Gn y, mt s chip super I/O dng b nh FIFO m d liu v dng cc tn hiu mc ni cng nn cho tc tng ti 500kB/s. b, Ch ci tin EPP Gm 4 chu k vit d liu, c d liu, vit a ch, c a ch. Ngoi 3 thanh ghi dng chung cho c ch SPP v EPP, ch ny cn c thm thanh ghi a ch EPP c offset bng 3, thanh ghi d liu EPP c offset bng 4 v mt s thanh ghi d tr c offset t 5 n 7. Qu trnh truyn d liu xy ra trong mt chu k c/vit ca bus m rng ISA, do tc truyn c th nng ln t 500kB/s n 2MB/s. c, Ch m rng ECP Cho php truyn d liu theo 2 hng vi 2 chu k : chu k lnh v chu k d liu. Ch ECP s dng m chiu dai chy RLE(pun length) v nhiu kenh a ch nn cho php ni nhiu thit b ngoi vi trao i thng tin vi my tnh qua mt cng ghp ni duy nht. Chun ECP nh ngha nhiu ch lm vic v c thm nhiu thanh ghi . Cc my tnh ngy nay c th ci t mi ch k trn. S liu cn c th trao i qua cc cng song song vi nhau gia cc my vi tnh. Mun vy, mt vi ng iu khin v trng thi phi c ghp ni vi nhau phc v vic mc ni cng.