Cam kt ca Vit Nam v cc dch v ti chnh khi gia nhp WTO Theo phn loi ca T chc Thng mi Th gii

(WTO) th dch v ti chnh bao gm cc phn ngnh dch v bo him, dch v chng khon v dch v ngn hng. 1. Dch v bo him: V c bn, mc cam kt ca Vit Nam vi WTO c bn ngang bng vi l trnh m ca theo Hip nh Thng mi Vit Nam - Hoa K (BTA), vi im khc bit nht l Vit Nam cho php thnh lp chi nhnh bo him phi nhn th. Cc cam kt c th l: - Cho php cung cp bo him qua bin gii cho cc doanh nghip FDI v c nhn ngi nc ngoi lm vic ti Vit Nam; vn ti quc t, ti bo him v cc dch v t vn bo him. - Khng hn ch vic tiu dng dch v bo him nc ngoi. - Cho php thnh lp cng ty bo him 100% vn u t nc ngoi k t khi gia nhp v cho php thnh lp chi nhnh ca cc Cng ty bo him nc ngoi sau 5 nm i vi dch v bo him phi nhn th. Khng hn ch v s lng chi nhnh trong nc, i tng cung cp dch v v qui nh ti bo him 20% cho VINARE; t 1-1-2008, cho php cng ty BH c vn TNN c cung cp dch v bo him bt buc bao gm: Bo him trch nhim dn s ca ch xe c gii, bo him xy dng v lp t, cc d n du kh v cc d n c ri ro tc ng ln ti mi trng v an ninh cng cng. 2. Dch v chng khon: Nhn chung, cc cam kt v chng khon ph hp vi Lut Chng khon mi c ban hnh, c th l: - Vit Nam khng cam kt i vi hnh thc cung cp dch v qua bin gii, tr dch v cung cp thng tin ti chnh v cc dch v t vn ph tr. - Khng hn ch vic tiu dng dng dch v nc ngoi. - Cho php thnh lp vn phng i din v lin doanh n 49% vn TNN t thi im gia nhp; cho php thnh lp cng ty cung cp dch v chng khon 100% vn TNN sau 5 nm k t khi gia nhp v cho php thnh lp chi nhnh ca cng ty cung cp dch v chng khon nc ngoi sau 5 nm i vi mt s loi hnh dch v nh: Qun l ti sn, thanh ton, t vn lin quan n chng khon v cung cp, trao i thng tin ti chnh. 3. Dch v ngn hng: Vit Nam t c cam kt hp l, cn bng v ph hp vi ch trng ca Chnh ph, c th l: - V c bn, Vit Nam khng cam kt i vi hnh thc cung cp dch v qua bin gii, tr dch v cung cp thng tin ti chnh v cc dch v t vn ph tr. - Khng hn ch tiu dng nc ngoi.

- Ch cc ngn hng nc ngoi c tng ti sn ln hn 10 t USD mi c thnh lp ngn hng 100% vn nc ngoi (t 4-2007); trn 20 t USD mi c thnh lp chi nhnh. Ngn hng nc ngoi c php pht hnh th tn dng. Chi nhnh ca ngn hng nc ngoi c php huy ng tin ng tng dn theo thi gian (t 1-1-2011 s c php nh ngn hng trong nc), nhng khng c m ATM v cc im giao dch ngoi tr s. Bn nc ngoi c php mua ti a 30% c phn ca ngn hng trong nc. C hi v thch thc ca dch v ti chnh Vit Nam khi gia nhp WTO 1. Dch v bo him: Vic m ca th trng s tc ng tch cc i vi cnh tranh, thc y s pht trin ca ngnh bo him Vit Nam ni chung v bn thn cc cng ty bo him trong nc. - Vic tham gia th trng ca nhng cng ty bo him mi, c bit l cc cng ty bo him nc ngoi s a dng ha v khin th trng si ng hn. - M ca th trng to iu kin tng cng trao i kin thc v k nng chuyn ngnh, gp phn thc y nng lc cnh tranh ca cc cng ty bo him trong nc. - To c hi cho cc doanh nghip bo him Nh nc chuyn i c cu tng kh nng cnh tranh. Tuy nhin, vic tham gia ca cc cng ty nc ngoi vo th trng bo him cng c nhng nh hng nht nh i vi cng ty bo him trong nc, l: - Cc cng ty trong nc b chia s th trng (Bo Vit Nhn Th gim t trn 70% nm 2000 xung cn 38% nm 2005). Hin ti, mc ph bo him ti Vit Nam vn cn kh cao do cc doanh nghip bo him Vit Nam s phi cnh tranh kh vt v khi gp nhng tp on bo him tm c vi chng trnh bo him ton cu c mc ph rt thp. - Cc cng ty bo him phi nhn th trong nc s ng trc sc p cnh tranh ln. - Bin ng v nhn s gia cc cng ty bo him. - Th trng pht trin nhanh v qui m, a dng v sn phm l sc p i vi cc nh qun l. - Mc tp trung th trng cao d dn n hin tng thng ng gia cc cng ty bo him ln, nh hng ti s cnh tranh lnh mnh ca th trng, gy thit hi cho cc cng ty va v nh. 2. Dch v chng khon: TTCK Vit Nam c tc pht trin cao trong khu vc: n cui thng 10-2006, c 53 cng ty nim yt v 16 cng ty ng k giao dch vi gi tr vn ha th trng ln n 4,2 t USD nm 2005 (khong 8,1% GDP ca Vit Nam) so vi mc 16,8 triu USD khi mi thnh

lp nm 2000. Vi mc t do ha th trng kh cao theo cam kt WTO, s c nhiu tc ng ti hot ng cung cp dch v chng khon, c th: - S tham gia th trng ca cc Cng ty chng khon, Cng ty qun l qu c vn TNN v cc chi nhnh s lm th trng si ng hn. - Vic tham gia ngy cng nhiu ca cc Cng ty chng khon nc ngoi vi vai tr l nh ch trung gian trn th trng cng s gp phn thc y s pht trin ca TTCK. - To iu kin tng cng trao i kin thc v k nng chuyn ngnh, gp phn thc y nng lc cnh tranh ca cc Cng ty chng khon trong nc. - Sc p cnh tranh ln hn buc cc Cng ty chng khon trong nc phi ch ng iu chnh m hnh v chnh sch qun l, o to nhn vin, ng dng cng ngh thng tin nhm to li th vi cc cng ty nc ngoi: Tuy nhin cc Cng ty chng khon trong nc cn non tr c v nghip v chng khon, kinh nghim, kh nng cnh tranh cha c kim chng v tim lc ti chnh hn ch s phi i u vi thch thc ln; trong , mi gii chng khon, mt trong nhng nghip v c bn nht ca cc cng ty chng khon, l lnh vc xy ra s cnh tranh mnh nht v sm nht. Nhng thch thc l: - Tim lc ti chnh, qui m v kh nng b sung ti chnh ca cc Cng ty chng khon trong nc cn hn ch. - Nghip v chng khon ca cc Cng ty chng khon trong nc vn cn yu, hat ng ch yu tp trung vo dch v t vn u t, ti chnh v mi gii chng khon. - Mc ng dng cng ngh thng tin cn hn ch i vi hu ht cc Cng ty chng khon trong nc. - Cht lng ngun nhn lc cn thp, o c ngh nghip cha c xc lp r rng. 3. Dch v ngn hng: Cam kt trong lnh vc dch v ngn hng ca Vit Nam cht ch do vy mc nh hng i vi ngnh ngn hng ca Vit Nam s khng qu ln. C mt s tc ng nh: - Cc cam kt m ca th trng ngn hng s to iu kin cho s tham gia ngy cng nhiu ca cc i tc nc ngoi s gp phn tng cng th trng ti chnh ca Vit Nam. - Sc p cnh tranh buc cc ngn hng trong nc phi ch ng iu chnh m hnh v chnh sch qun l, o to nhn vin, ng dng cng ngh thng tin nhm to c li th vi cc ngn hng nc ngoi. Tuy nhin, vi im yu l cc ngn hng trong nc c qui m nh, n xu theo tiu chun quc t cn cao, c bit l cc ngn hng thng mi Nh nc; cc sn phm dch v cn cha a dng v cht lng dch v cha cao nn vic tham gia ngy cng nhiu ca cc ngn hng nc ngoi c qui m vn ln, nng lc cnh tranh cao v nm gi vai tr quan trng trong h thng ti chnh quc gia s cha ng ri ro tim tng ti s pht trin n nh

v bn vng ca h thng ti chnh; tnh lim chnh ca h thng trc cc hin tng ra tin v ti tr khng b.