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Bi tp chng 1
Bi 1.1. Gi P, Q, R l cc mnh :
P := Bnh ang hc Ton
Q := Bnh ang hc Tin hc
R := Bnh ang hc Anh vn
Hy vit li cc mnh di y di dng hnh thc trong s dng cc
php ton
a) Bnh ang hc Ton v Anh vn nhng khng hc Tin hc
b) Bnh ang hc Ton v Tin hc nhng khng hc cng mt lc Tin hc v
Anh vn
c) Khng ng l Bnh ang hc Anh vn m khng hc Ton
d) Khng ng l Bnh ang hc Anh vn hay Tin hc m khng hc Ton
e) Bnh khng hc Tin hc ln Anh vn nhng ang hc Ton
Bi 1.2. Ph nh cc mnh sau
a) Ngy mai nu tri ma hay tri lnh th ti s khng ra ngoi
b) 15 chia ht cho 3 nhng khng chia ht cho 4
c) Hnh t gic ny khng phi l hnh ch nht m cng khng phi l hnh
thoi
d) Nu An khng i lm ngy mai th s b ui vic
e) Mi tam gic u c cc gc bng 60
Bi 1.3. . Gi P, Q, R l cc mnh sau:
P : ABC l tam gic cn
Q : ABC l tam gic u
R : Tam gic ABC c ba gc bng nhau
Hy vit cc mnh sau theo ngn ng thng thng
a) Q P
b) P Q
1
c) P Q
d) R P
Bi 1.4. Hy kim tra cc suy lun sau
p q
q
r
p r
p (q r)
q p
p
r
p q
p (r q)
r (s t)
s
t
p q
q r
r
q
p
p q
(q r) s
t r
s

t
Bi 1.5.
a) Cho p, q, r l cc bin mnh . Chng minh
(p q) q (q r) q p
b) Ph nh v tm chn tr ca mnh
P = x N, y R, (x
2
+ y > 5) (x + y < 4).
Bi 1.6.
(p q r) (p q (p r))
P = x R, y R, (x
2
> y
2
) (x < y).
Bi 1.7.
a) Chng minh [(p q) r] q ( p r) l hng ng.
P : x R, y R, x
2
3y + 2 0.
Bi 1.8.
a) Chng minh [(p q) q] p l hng ng.
P : x R, y R, (x
2
> y
2
) (x > y).
Bi 1.9.
h a) Cho p, q, r l cc bin mnh , t E = (p r) ((p (p q)) r). Hi E l
hng ng hay hng sai? Ti sao?
P = x N, y R, x + 2y < 2 hoc x
2
+ y = 3.
2
Bi 1.10.
(p q) r (p q) r
P = x R, y R, (x + y = 3) (x y < 1).
Bi 1.11.
a) Cho p, q, r l cc bin mnh , t E = p r ( r p) (q r). Hi E l
hng ng hay hng sai? Ti sao?
P = x R, y Z, x + 2y = 3 hoc 3x 4y = 4.
Bi 1.12.
a) Cho dng mnh E = [(r p) q] ( p r). Tm chn tr ca q v r bit
rng E ng, p sai.
P = x Z, y R, x + y = 2 hoc 2x y = 1.
Bi 1.13.
( p q) (p r) p (q r).
P = x N, y R, (|x| = |y|) (x = y).
Bi tp chng 2
Bi 2.1.
a) Cho X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. Hi c bao nhiu tp hp con X ca A
cha 4 phn t v nhn 2 hoc 3 lm phn t nh nht.
b) Gii h thc quy
_
_
_
x
n
5x
n1
+ 6x
n2
= n 3 vi n 2;
x
0
= 1;
x
1
= 3.
Bi 2.2.
a) Tm s cch chia 15 vin bi ging nhau cho 4 a tr sao cho mi a tr u
c bi v a ln nht c t nht 5 vin bi.
b) Cho dy a
n
xc nh bi: a
n
= 4a
n1
4a
n2
+ 4 vi n 2, a
0
= 1, a
1
= 2.
Tm biu thc ca a
n
theo n.
3
Bi 2.3.
a) Cho A = {n N| 10 n 89}. Hi c bao nhiu tp con ca A gm 5 phn
t, trong c ng 2 phn t c ch s tn cng ging nhau.
b) Cho dy a
n
xc nh bi: a
n
= 5a
n1
6a
n2
+ 2 vi n 3, a
1
= 1, a
2
= 2.
Tm biu thc ca a
n
theo n.
Bi 2.4.
a) Tm s nghim nguyn ca phng trnh x + y + z + t = 20, bit x 1, y
2, z 3, t 4.
b) Cho dy a
n
xc nh bi: a
n
= 5a
n1
6a
n2
+ 2 vi n 2, a
0
= 4, a
1
= 9.
Tm biu thc ca a
n
theo n.
Bi 2.5.
a) Cho A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}. Hi c bao nhiu tp con ca A cha phn t 2
v 3.
b) Cho dy a
n
xc nh bi: a
n
= 4a
n1
4a
n2
+ 2 vi n 2, a
0
= 1, a
1
= 2.
Tm biu thc ca a
n
theo n.
Bi 2.6.
a) C bao nhiu chia 18 vin bi ging nhau cho 4 a tr sao cho mi a tr
u c bi v a ln nht c t nht 6 vin bi.
b) Cho dy a
n
xc nh bi: a
n
= 6a
n1
9a
n2
+ 4 vi n 2, a
0
= 1, a
1
= 2.
Tm biu thc ca a
n
theo n.
Bi 2.7.
a) Tm s nghim nguyn ca phng trnh x + y + z + t = 16 tha iu kin
2 x 5, y 1, z 2, t 3.
b) Gii h thc quy
_
_
_
x
n
4x
n1
+ 4x
n2
= 6 vi n 2;
x
0
= 1;
x
1
= 4.
Bi 2.8.
x 0, y 1, z 2, t 3.
b) Gii h thc quy
_
_
_
4x
n
4x
n1
+ x
n2
= 0 vi n 2;
x
0
= 2;
x
1
= 4.
Bi 2.9.
4
a) Tm s nghim nguyn khng m ca phng trnh x
1
+x
2
+x
3
+x
4
= 8 bit
x
1
1 hay x
2
2.
b) Gii h thc quy:
_
_
_
x
n
8x
n1
+ 15x
n2
= 0 vi n 2;
x
0
= 1;
x
1
= 9.
Bi 2.10.
x 1, y 2, z 2, t 3.
b) Gii h thc quy
_
_
_
x
n
5x
n1
+ 6x
n2
= 2n + 1 vi n 2;
x
0
= 1;
x
1
= 2.
Bi tp chng 3
Bi 3.1. Cho tp A = {1, 2, 3, 4} v quan h trong A xc nh di y. Hy xc
nh xem trong tng trng hp c cc tnh cht phn x, i xng, phn xng,
bc cu khng?
a) = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
b) = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
c) = {(a, b) | |a b| 2}
d) = {(a, b) | hiu a b chia ht cho 2}
e) = {(a, b) | |a b| > 3}
f) = {(a, b) | |a b| = 1}
Bi 3.2. Trn tp hp A = {2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Ta xt quan h hai ngi nh
sau:
x y x 3y chn.
a) Chng minh l quan h tng ng.
b) Tm cc lp tng ng ca [1], [2].
Bi 3.3. Trn tp hp A = {2, 1, 0, 2, 3}, ta xt quan h hai ngi nh sau:
x y x
2
2x = y
2
2y.
a) Lit k cc phn t ca tp quan h trn A.
b) Tm tp hp X c v hn phn t l mt quan h th t trn X. Gii
thch?
5
Bi 3.4. Trn tp hp A = {1, 0, 2, 3, 4}, ta xt quan h hai ngi nh sau:
x y x
2
3x = y
2
3y.
a) Lit k cc phn t ca tp quan h trn A.
b) Tm tp hp X c v hn phn t l mt quan h th t trn X. Gii
thch?
Bi 3.5. Trn tp hp X, ta xt quan h hai ngi sau:
x y x
2
+ 3x y
2
+ 3y
a) Nu X = R th c nhng tnh cht no? Gii thch.
b) Nu X = N th c phi l quan h th t khng? Gii thch.
Bi 3.6. Trn tp hp s t nhin N, ta xt quan h hai ngi nh sau:
xy x
2
y
2
chn.
a) Chng minh l quan h tng ng trn N.
b) Tm phn hoch ca N thnh cc lp tng ng.
Bi 3.7. Trn tp hp A = {2, 1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9}, ta xt quan h hai ngi nh
sau:
x y x y chia ht cho 3.
a) Chng minh l quan h tng ng trn A.
b) Tm lp tng ng ca [3]? Trong cc lp [2], [1], [2], [5], [7] c bao nhiu
lp i mt phn bit?
Bi 3.8. Xt quan h trn Z nh bi:
x, y Z, xy n Z, x = y2
n
a) Chng minh l mt quan h tng ng.
b) Trong s cc lp tng ng [1], [2], [3], [4] c bao nhiu lp i mt phn
bit?
c) Cu hi tng t nh cu b) cho cc lp [6], [7], [21], [25], [35], [42]v[48].
Bi 3.9. Cho X = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 15, 20, 30, 36, 40, 60} vi vi quan h c s
|.
a) V s Hass.
b) Tm cc phn t ti i v ti tiu trong X
6
Bi 3.10.
Trong cc trng hp sau, hy tm cc phn t ln nht, nh nht, ti i, ti
tiu (nu c) ca cc tp hp cho vi th t tng ng. V cc biu Hasse.
a) U
30
= {n N | n|30} vi quan h c s |.
b) X = {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 80} vi quan h c s |.
c) X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11} vi quan h xc nh nh sau:
xy x = y hay x < y 1.
Bi tp chng 4
Bi 4.1.
V biu Karnaugh v tm cc cng thc a thc ti tiu, dng ni ri chnh
tc ca cc hm Bool theo 4 bin x, y, z, t sau y:
a) f = z
t xy
t xy z x yz
t x y zt yzt.
b) f = x(zt
t) x( yz y z
t) zt( y xy).
c) f = x z
t x y z xyt xyz
t xzt x yt.
d) f = x z
t x yz
t xyt xyz.
e) f = zt x yt x y z xyzt xy z
t yz
t.
Bi 4.2. Cho hm Bool 4 bin xc nh bi
f(x, y, z, t) = z
t x y z xyt x y z yz
t y
t.
a) V biu Karnaugh ca f v xc nh cc t bo ln.
b) Tm cng thc a thc ti tiu ca f.
f(x, y, z, t) = xy xt yt x
t x y z.
f(x, y, z, t) = xz y zt xy
t y z
t xyz x y.
7
f(x, y, z, t) = x yt y zt xyz yzt xy
t xy z
f(x, y, z, t) = x y z t x z
t y zt y z

t y z

t
Bi 4.7.
Cho hm Bool 4 bin xc nh bi
f(x, y, z, t) = x y z x y z x y

t x z

t x y zt
Bi 4.8.
Cho hm Bool 4 bin xc nh bi
f(x, y, z, t) = x y z t y zt x zt x z

t x z

t
f(x, y, z, t) = xyz xz
t x yt xzt xy z x y
t
f(x, y, z, t) = xt yt xy x
t x y z y z

t
8
Bi tp chng 5
Bi 5.1.
a) Cho th G c 13 cnh, trong c 3 nh bc 1, 4 nh bc 2, 1 nh bc
5, cc nh cn li c bc l 3 hoc 4. Hi G c bao nhiu nh bc 3 v nh bc 4?
b) Cho ma trn k ca th G l
_
_
0 2 0 1 1
2 0 1 2 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 2 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
_
_
. Gii thch G c ng i
Euler v tm ng i Euler ca G.
Bi 5.2. Cho th G c 14 cnh, trong c 3 nh bc 1, 2 nh bc 3, 2 nh
bc 4, 1 nh bc 5, cc nh cn li c bc l 2. Hi G c bao nhiu nh?
Bi 5.3. Cho th G c 16 cnh, trong c 4 nh bc 1, 3 nh bc 2, 2 nh
bc 5, cc nh cn li c bc l 3. Hi G c bao nhiu nh bc 3?
Bi 5.4. Cho th
Lp ma trn k v xc nh ng i Euler ca th.
Bi 5.5.
5, cc nh cn li c bc l 2 hoc 3. Hi G c bao nhiu nh bc 2 v nh bc 3
?
b) Cho th
9
Lp ma trn k v xc nh chu trnh Euler ca th.
Bi 5.6.
a) Tn ti hay khng th n gm 5 nh, trong c 3 nh bc 3, 1 nh
bc 2 v 1 nh bc 4?. Gii thch.
_
_
0 1 2 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
2 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
_
_
. Gii thch G c ng i
Euler v tm ng Euler ca th.
Bi 5.7.
a) Trong mt gii thi u c n i tham d v c n + 1 trn u c tin
hnh. Chng minh c 1 i thi u t nht 3 trn.
_
_
0 1 0 1 2
1 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
2 0 1 1 0
_
_
. Gii thch G c ng i
Bi 5.8.
4, cc nh cn li c bc l 2. Hi G c bao nhiu nh bc 2 ?
b) Cho th
10
Gii thch th c ng i Euler v tm ng Euler ca th.
Bi 5.9.
a) Cho G l th v hng lin thng m mi nh u c bc 6. Chng minh
rng nu xo i mt cnh bt k th th thu c vn cn lin thng.
_
_
0 0 0 1 1
0 0 2 1 0
0 2 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 2
1 0 1 2 0
_
_
. Gii thch G c ng i
Bi 5.10.
a) V nhng th n v hng gm 6 nh vi bc tng ng l 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 5.
_
_
0 2 1 0 1
2 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
_
_
. Gii thch G l th
Euler v tm chu trnh Euler ca th.
11

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