SCIENCE PROJECT ON HOW

HEART WORKS
• Name Of The Science • Name Of Computer
Teacher:- Teachers:-
Mrs Inderjeet Kaur • Mrs Watanjot Kaur
• Mrs Neelam
• Miss Kiranjit Kaur
 SCIENCE PROJECT ON HOW
HEART WORKS
• WHAT IS HEART
• The heart is a specialised
muscle that contracts
regularly and continuously,
pumping blood to the body
and the lungs. The pumping
action is caused by a flow of
electrically through the heart
that repeats itself in a cycle.
If this electrical activity is
disrupted - for example by a
disturbance in the heart's
rhythm known as an
'arrhythmia' - it can affect
the heart's ability to pump
properly.
SHAPES OF HEART
 HUMAN HEART

• The Heart is a
roughly cone-
shaped
hollow
muscular
organ.It is
about 10 cm
long and is
about the size
of owner’s
EXTERIOR OF THE HEART
INTERIOR OF THE HEART
 How the heart functions electrically
• The heart's natural
pacemaker - the SA node -
sends out regular electrical
impulses from the top
chamber (the atrium)
causing it to contract and
pump blood into the bottom
chamber (the ventricle). The
electrical impulse is then
conducted to the ventricles
through a form of 'junction
box' called the AV node.
The impulse spreads into
the ventricles, causing the
muscle to contract and to
pump out the blood. The
blood from the right
ventricle goes to the lungs,
and the blood from the left
ventricle goes to the body.
 Heart Valves
• The heart consists of four chambers, two atria
(upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower
chambers). There is a valve through which blood
passes before leaving each chamber of the
heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of
blood. These valves are actual flaps that are
located on each end of the two ventricles (lower
chambers of the heart). They act as one-way
inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and
one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a
ventricle.
 The four heart valves
• tricuspid valve: located between the right
atrium and the right ventricle
• pulmonary valve: located between the
right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
• mitral valve: located between the left
atrium and the left ventricle
• aortic valve: located between the left
ventricle and the aorta
Heart valves
 Heart function
• The heart is a powerful muscle slightly larger
than your clenched fist. It works as a pump to
send oxygen-rich blood through all parts of your
body. Blood contains oxygen and nutrients that
every cell in your body needs to survive. The
oxygen-rich blood travels throughout the arteries
and vessels, nourishing the body so that it can
function properly.
• Your heart will beat an average of 100,000 times
per day. In that time, it pumps more than 4,300
gallons of blood throughout your entire body.
Heart Functions
 The Flow of Blood
• The heart is divided into two sides. Each side is
divided again into two chambers, the atrium (upper
chamber) and ventricle (lower chamber). Blood
vessels (veins) carry blood to the heart from the rest of
the body. This blood carries carbon dioxide and
cellular waste products. The blood goes into the right
atrium and then to the right ventricle, where it is then
pumped to the lungs to dispose of wastes and receive
a fresh oxygen supply. From the lungs, the blood
returns to the heart. It returns to the left atrium and
then to the left ventricle. The blood is then pumped out
of the heart by the left ventricle into the aorta. The left
ventricle is the chamber of the heart that is
responsible for pumping blood to all parts of the body.
The aorta sends this blood to small arteries, which
carry the oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.
The Flow of Blood
 Heart valves
• There are four heart valves. They are all one-
way valves to keep blood moving through the
various chambers of the heart.
1.The mitral valve guards the opening between the
atrium and the ventricle in the left side of the
heart. It allows blood to flow forward from the
atrium to the ventricle, and prevents blood from
flowing backwards. The mitral valve has tiny
cords attached to the walls of the ventricles. This
helps support the valve’s small flaps or leaflets.
 The Aortic Valve
2.The aortic valve, also called a semi-lunar
valve, has three segments that prevent
the return of the blood from the aorta to
the left ventricle. It looks like three half
Ping-Pong balls. Valves on the heart’s
left side need to withstand much
pressure. Sometimes they wear out and
leak or become thick and stiff.
 Pulmonary Valve
3.The pulmonary valve is located at the junction
of the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle.
When the right ventricle contracts, the
pulmonary valve opens, forcing the blood into
the artery which leads to the lungs. It is also a
semi-lunar valve. When the chamber relaxes,
this valve closes and prevents a backflow of
the blood.
 Tricuspid Valve
. The tricuspid valve is located between the
upper and lower chamber in the right
side of the heart. Its position
corresponds to the mitral valve in the left
side of the heart.
HEART VALVES
 Heart Valves Function
• As the heart muscle contracts and relaxes, the
valves open and shut, letting blood flow into the
ventricles and atria at alternate times. The
following is a step-by-step illustration of how the
valves function normally in the left ventricle:
• After the left ventricle contracts, the aortic valve
closes and the mitral valve opens, to allow blood
to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
 Heart Valves Function
• As the left atrium contracts, more blood
flows into the left ventricle.
• When the left ventricle contracts again, the
mitral valve closes and the aortic valve
opens, so blood flows into the aorta.
DIFFERENT VIEWS OF HUMAN
HEART
 The Heart Chambers
• The heart has four chambers - two at the top
(the atria) and two at the bottom (the ventricles).
The normal trigger for the heart to contract
arises from the heart's natural pacemaker, the
SA node, which is in the top chamber (see the
diagram, right). The SA node sends out regular
electrical impulses causing the atrium to contract
and to pump blood into the bottom chamber (the
ventricle). The electrical impulse then passes to
the ventricles through a form of 'junction box'
called the AV node (atrio-ventricular node).
The Heart Chambers