2006 Zlvikd f 19

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
k af 0onf 0
 2006 Zlvikd f 19

rdru d , kd u f kd emrnf}uD;atmif =uG,0f atmif vkyw f wfonfrmS Edik if H

a&;r[kw?f wdik ;f jynfaumif;atmifvyk w f wfrS Edik if aH &;jzpf.?
Edik if aH &;qko d nfrmS usEG yfk w f dk ah e ph OfEiS t
fh r# vl ah vmuwGiaf wG h
}uHKae=u&aom udpyP ifjzpfayonf? wenf;tm;jzifh qkad omf Edik if aH &;rSm
vl u h pd [ P q k &kd ayrnf? usEG ykf w f dk h pm;r_/ aomufr/_ aer_/ xdik rf /_ oGm;r_/
vmr_ tpkpo k nf Edik if aH &;om jzpfonf?
usEG ykf w f dk oh nf Edik if aH &;ukd rqifjcif rawG;awmrdapumrl Edik if aH &;onf
usEG ykf w f kd Eh iS fh t+rJwap qufo, G af eonf?
(Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; - 1946 ZEM0g&v D 20 tv,fypP,n H vD mcH)

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
k af 0onf 1
 2006 Zlvikd f 19

Tpmapmifukd

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf(vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJ
rS
atmufygtiftm;pkrsm;jzifh xkwaf 0ygonf

wm0efcpH mwnf; oef Zh ifO;D

pmwnf;tzGJ 0h if vS[ef/ aomif;jrifOh ;D / wGwaf ±$/ armifarmifv=S udKif
b¾ma&; oif
oi;f oif;vwf/ rmrmjrifh
pmpDpm±du
k f jrode;f / cifjrwfo/l ausmv f id_ af t;/ oef ah Zmfrif;
pd;k rd;k Edik f
"gwyf kH rrd;k OD;/ ausmaf usmEf idk (f 2)/ aZ,smrif;xGe;f /
rif;acgiaf usmf
rsuEf mS zk;H ESifh
twGi;f tjyiftqif qefe/D atmifrif;/ ausmaf usmEf idk (f 1)
ykEH ySd /f csKyfyv
f yk /f jzef ch sd omxuf/ rif;OD;/ aZ,sm0if;/ aZmfaZmf0if;aX;/
0if;atmif(2)/ at;Edik /f aevif;atmif

a&$&wk tm; qufo,

G &f ef

w,fvzD ;kH 03-5974-1981/ 090-4532-0568/ 090-6040-8282

zufpf 03-3910-5767/ 03-5952-5790/ 03-3362-1594
tD;ar;vf utzojp@yahoo.co.jp
mghlahan@gmail.com
thaungmyintoo@yahoo.com
maungtut@yahoo.com
drmmhk@yahoo.com

pmrlrsm;ay;ykd &h ef a&$&wk rS pmrlrsm;ukd }udKqkv

d su±f ydS gonf
'Dru dk a&pDpeH pf awG;ac:usio fh ;kH a&;/ vl h
#101
Enatsu House tcGit fh a&;av;pm;vdu k ef mqufqaH &;/
4-8-5 Kami Ikebukuro trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;pdw"f gw±f iS o
f efxufjruf
Toshima-ku
Tokyo- 170-0001 a&;/wkd t h wGuf taxmuftuljyKonfh
Japan pmrlrsm;ukd av;pm;pGmzdwaf c:ygonf?

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
k af 0onf 2
 2006 Zlvikd f 19

rmwdum

ajymvku
d yf gbd a[mygbd aZmf*sD aemufausmzk;H

tmZmenfro
d m;pk 1

a±$&wktmabmf 4

Adv
k rf ;ª csKyfa[mif; ausmaf ZmESit
fh ifwmAsL; 5

ausmif;om;0wW&m; armifatmifqef;(bDat) 8

rarhEidk af om Zlvikd f 19 &uf Adv

k x
f eG ;f vS 11

19 Zlvikd f w&m;cHrsm;w&m;pD&ifcsuf pmwnf;tzGJ 0h ifwOD; 16

cGyaf 'gi;f awmifycH wforH sm; 18

vufcyk o
f H 0if;atmif(2) 23

owif;ya'om 25

}udK;r±_yaf om ypfwd
wikd ;f axmifrsm; armifarmifv}S udKif 30

"gwyf o
kH wif; 32

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
k af 0onf 3
 2006 Zlvikd f 19

a&$&wktmabmf
2006/Zlvikd v f (19)&ufae@wiG (f 59)}udraf jrmuftmZmenfae@tjzpfus
a&mufcyJh g+yD// xkad e@xt kd csed af &mufrS jrefrmEkid if v H w G v f yfa&;uk&d ,l&ef
usq;kH oGm;&aom tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;. *k%af us;Zl;rsm;ukd
az:xkwjf yojcif;jzifh vGr;f woo&Sad =umif; az:jyolrsm;vnf; r&Sm;ay//
xko d kd@owd&olrsm;&Sad o;jim;aomfvnf;/ jrefrmEdik if w H iG f vuf±t dS yk cf sKyf
aeolrsm;onf tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;.tcef;u¾ ao;odru f m
arS;rSed af ysmufys,+f yD;oGm;atmif vkyaf eonfuv kd nf; trsm;todyif
jzpfygonf//
trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;ESit fh wlwuGusq;kH oGm;&
aom tmZmenfo&l aJ umif;}uD;rsm;.aus;Zl;a=umifo h m taESmiftzGJ h
uif;aom vGwv f yfa&;ukd t&,lEikd cf o Jh nfurkd ar@tyfay? vGwv f yfa&;
ukd t&,lEikd cf aJh omfvnf; Adv k cf sKyfEiS afh cgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm; ar#mS rf eS ;f cJah om
Ekid if aH wmftjzpfukd um; ,ae@xrd a&muf&aSd o;yg? tmZmenfacgi;f
aqmif}uD;rsm;. *k%af us;Zl;rsm;ukd owdw&&So d uJo h kd@ ,if;wkd ah r#mrf eS ;f
xm;cJah om/ tajccHvl@tcGif@ta&;rsm;tjynf@t0&So d nf@ Ekid if aH wmfokd@
ta&muf csw D uf&efrmS tm;vk;H .wm0efyifjzpfonf//
,ckw}udraf &$&wkpmapmifukd tmZmenfae@ txl;xkwt f jzpf &nf&, G f
I xkwaf 0vku d yf gonf// ,ckpmapmifrpS I ykrd akd umif;rGeyf jD yifpmG zGJ@pnf;+yD;
vpOfrjywfxw k af 0oGm;Ekid &f ef &nf&, G yf gonf//
yk*K~d vfa&;xdcu kd rf r_ ygaom "rR"Ïd mefusonfph mrlrsm;ESifh jynf@ppkH mG az:jy
oGm;&efvnf; }udK;pm;oGm;ygrnf//
a&$&wkpmapmif jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tzufzufru S n l yD yhH ;kd =uaom
jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD ESifh tzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifrsm;tm; *k%jf yKrSww f rf;
wifxm;tyfygonf ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
k af 0onf 4
 2006 Zlvikd f 19

Adv
k rf LS ;csKyf(a[mif;)ausmfaZm
ESifh tifwmAsL;
2006 Zlvdkifv (19)&uf

ar;cGe;f (1) ? ? *syefrmS ppfynmoifpOfupvd@k Armhvw G v

f yfa&;wdu k yf u
JG mvtwGi;f ppfacgi;f
aqmif wOD;taeeJ@ Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; wm0ef,cl w hJ hJ umvtwGi;f rSm Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;eJ@ywf
oufvdk@ rSwrf wS &f & tjzpftysurf sm; ±Scd w
Jh mawGe@J ywfoufv@kd ajymjyay;apvdyk gw,f cifAsm?

ajz ? ? Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;eJ@ywfoufvdk@ usaemfjynfjh ynfph pkH kH a&;om;a[majymbl;ygw,f? 1960
ckEpS Zf v
l idk (f 19)&ufae@ jynfol@&aJ bmfA[dXk mecsKyfrmS usi;f ywJ“h Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ae@”a[majymyGJ rSm
wufa&mufajym=um;cJw h Jh a[majymcsujf zpfygw,f? tJ'h pD mwef;udk pmtkyt f jzpfvJ xkwaf 0+yD;yg +yD?
- tck 'Dae&mrSmawmh usaemf yk*K~d vft& Akv d cf sKyfe@J qufpyf+yD; rSwrf w S &f & tjzpftysuu f
av;rsm;udb k J ajymjyygrh ,f?
usaemf Adv k cf sKyfudk 1942 ckEpS f *syefa&mufrb S J yk*Kd~ vft& od±cdS w hJ myg? Advk cf sKyf[m usaemf
wdk@ &Jabmfo;Hk usyd rf sm;&J@acgi;f aqmiftjzpf wm0ef,al eayrJh ppfynmoifwef;qif;wJt h cgrmS awmh us
aemfwdk@ atmufajc&Jabmfrsm;eJ@twl wnDwJ tyifyef;tqif;&JcH avhusiyfh gw,f? 'g[m usaemfwdk@
twGuf tvGeaf umif;rGew f Jh oifcef;pm vrf;jycsuv f J jzpfygw,f? usaemf *syefrmS ppfynmoifpOf
'dik ,
f m&Dae@pOfa&;ygw,f? usaemf tjzpftysuf wcke@J ywfouf+yD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ta=umif;a&;
xm;wm zwf=unfyh g?
(20--6-1941ae@ us
(20 usaemf
aemfwdk@&J@ 15 uDvv
dk rf;av#mufcsw
D uf+yD; 5 rdik ±f n
S af om wdu
k yf aJG vhusicfh ef;wck
ESifh ywfouf+yD; tqH;k wGiaf &;om;xm;csu)f
“Twdu k yf o
GJ nf usKyfwdk@ tvGeaf useyfonf? Tr# ±Snv f sm;pGm r&yfrem;bJ wdu k cf &Jh
onf? urBmwGif b,fppfom;rS ra=umufawmhay? *syefppfom; taumif;qH;k rpPwm[x&Dyif
aemufq;Hk ae&mudk tm;cJ+yD;vm&onf? ArmjynftwGuf 0rf;ajrmufonf? usKyfwdk@ yifyef;ojzifh us&
aom ac|;ayguo f nf ArmjynftwGuf at;csr;f bd@k t&dyt f a&mif rd;k a&rd;k aygujf zpf&acsrnf? usKyfwdk@
xdak vhusicfh ef;udk tauseyf}uD; auseyfonf? Armtm;vH;k 5 rdik pf pfwvif;tqH;k udk twlwl a&muf
=uonf? txl;ojzifh ocifatmifqef;. ZGo J wWu d kd vlwikd ;f 0rf;xJu auseyf=uonf? ”
- Adv
k cf sKyfeJ@ywfoufvdk@ tJovdk usaemftrSwx f ifxif a&;xm;zl;ygw,f?
- usaemfwdk@ ppfynmoifaepOf *syefrsm;eJ@qufqaH &; tqifrajy tzktxpfawG±v Sd m+yD;
pd;k &draf =umif=h ursm; 0ifvm=upOfrmS vJ Adv k cf sKyfu usaemfw@kd ukd t+rJtm;ay;pum;ajymygw,f?
“a[h ³³³³ aovJArmyDyD ZmwdrmefeJ@ao=u/ &efou l rdv@kd ‘vuf’tm;ae&if vufeJ@x;dk /
‘ajc’tm;ae&if ajceJ@uef/ aemufq;Hk ‘yg;pyf’bJtm;ae&if yg;pyfe@J uu kd +f yD;rS &J&o
J m aojyvdu k af yg”h
[k tm;ay;wwfygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyf[m r=umc% 'Dvadk jymwwfygw,f? aemufq;kH az:rdq k mrS Armjynfjyefwt Jh cg
tif'cdk sKd if;em; (,ck AD,uferf) aq;*H+k rdK@rmS bmowif;rS r=um;bJ bkrodbrod tm;vH;k udk tcef;w
ckxJ tavSmifcx H m;ae&pOfuvJ Adv k cf sKyfa&muf+yD; 'Dpum;rsKd ; ajymygao;w,f?
'Dpum;[m tay:,H=unf&h if rdu k ±f ;l &Jpum;vd@k xifp&m±Sad yrJh ol&owWed J@ jynf0h aeygw,f?
tvGef =urf;wrf;wJh e,fcsJ@pepfudk wdu k wf aJh e&mrSm 'Dvpkd w d "f gwo f wWrd sKd ;jyrSom e,fcsJ@pepfu t±_;H

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
k af 0onf 5
 2006 Zlvikd f 19

ay;rSm vuf±GH@rmS jzpfygw,f? ud, k uf sq;Hk oGm;&&ifvJ use&f pfol rsKd ;csprf sm;twGuf qufwu kd yf 0JG ifb@kd
pdww f ufºuGb, G f jzpfayr,f? 'g[m Adv k cf sKyf&J@ usaemfw@kd tay: t+rJ±u kd o f iG ;f aeaom pdw"f gwjf zpfyg
w,f?
*syefrmS aepOf udpw P ckvJ jzpfysucf yJh gao;w,f? usaemfw@kd wawG wn nwdu k yf aGJ vhusifh
cef; vky=f u&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@tzGJ@u uif;yke;f 0yf&+yD; &efopl cef;udk axmufvrS ;f bd@k Adv k cf sKyfatmif
qef;eJ@ &Jabmfwa,mufudk uif;axmuftzGJ@tjzpf apv$wv f ukd yf gw,f? olwkd@ (2)a,muf awmf
awmfeJ@jyefra&mufvmygb;l ? reufa0vDa0vif;tcsed u f srS usaemfw@kd uif;yke;f 0yfwaJh e&mem; rouFm
bG,f vlEpS af ,mufa&mufvmvdk@ zrf;vdu k &f mrSmawmh uif;axmufb@kd apv$wv f udk w f Jh Adv
k cf sKyfwdk@
ESpaf ,mufjzpfaeygawmhw,f? olwdk@ ESpaf ,muf rsupf v d nf vrf;rSm;+yD; &efol@pcef;rSw+f yD; ud, k f@pcef;
em; uk, d jf yefa&muf+yD; uif;axmufaewmyg? usaemfw@kd wawG Adv k cf sKyfudk tm;emvdk@ r&D&aJ yrJh *syef
q&mrsm;uawmh +yHK;aph+yHK;aph jzpfuek yf gw,f? rd;k vif;oGm;vd@k nwdu k yf vJG J rwdu k vf u dk &f ygb;l ?
'Dtjzpftysuu f av;[m tay:,H=unfv h u kd &f if &,farmbG,jf zpfayrJh tESpcf sKyf=unf&h if
Adv
k cf sKyf&J@ ESrd cf swJh vky[ f efudk jrifEidk yf gw,f?
Adv k cf sKyf[m tJ'v D dk vky[f efav;rsm;eJ@vJ usaemfw@kd wawGukd ynmay;cJyh gw,f?
'Dae&mrS }uHK}udKufw;Hk Adv k vf ufsmta=umif;vJ teJi,fxnfah y;vdyk gw,f?
wu,fawmh Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;eJ@ Adv k vf ufsm[m ausmif;aebuf oli,fcsi;f Edik if aH &;vkyf
az:udik zf ufawGyg? 'gayrJh Adv k v f ufsm[m *syefudk a&muf+yD;aemuf Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;&J@ tqifah e&m
udk rdr&d J@ acgi;f aqmifvdk oabmxm;vdu k +f yD; tvGeEf rdS cf spmG ±dak oav;pm;pGm qufqyH gawmhw,f?
'Dae&mrSm Adv k v f ufsm&J@ vky[ f ef jyocsuu f awmh wkid ;f jynftwGuf vlrsKd ;twGuf tusKd ;±Srd ,fq&dk if
b,fov l yk v
f yk f igyck ;Hk eJ@ xrf;wifr,fqw dk Jh uk,
kd uf sKd ;pGe@f vky[ f efjzpfygw,f?
wu,fawmh usaemfwdk@ &Jabmfo;Hk usyd 0f ifawGukd 'Dacgi;f aqmifawGu vky[ f efaumif;awG
eJ@ vrf;jycJ=h uwmyg? 'gudk usaemft h aeeJ@ tckacwfEikd if aH &;vkyaf e=uwJh &Jabmfrsm;twk,El idk b f dk@ jyef
vnfajymjy&jcif;jzpfygw,f?

ar;cGe;f (2) ? ? 1947 ckEpS f Zlvidk v

f 19 &ufae@ Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;wd@k vky}f uHc&H pOf Adv
k cf sKyf
ausmaf ZmtaeeJ@ b,frmS wm0efxrf;aqmifaeygovJ? wm0efuswahJ e&m rSm Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;wdk@
usq;Hk +yDvdk@ od&wJth cg b,fvdk cHpm;cJ&h ygovJ? aemuf+yD; tJ'yD wf0ef;usif tajctaerSm b,fvw kd @kH
jyefra_ wG±cSd w
Jh ,fqwdk mawGudk jyef+yD;ajymjy ay;vd@k &Edik yf grh vm; cifAsm ?

ajz ? ? tJ@'u D mvu usaemf[m uENpD mcsKyfoabmwlncD sut f & jyefz@JG pnf;cJw h Jh ajcvsiw f yf&if;
(3) &J@ 'k&if;rSL; jzpfygw,f? oHvsirf mS wyfpx GJ m;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ tJ'o D wif;qd;k }uD;udk =um;odvu kd &f wJ@tcg }uD;pGmwkev f y_ af csmuf csm;oGm;=uyg
w,f? ajcvsiw f yf&if;(3)&J@ wyf&if;rSL;[m Adv k rf LS ;=uD; z&pfZ,f yg? olucsucf si;f wyf&if;ut&m±Sd
tm;vH;k udk ol@±;Hk cef;udk ac:,l+yD; Adv k cf sKyfwdk@ vky}f uHc&H yHu k dk ajymjy+yD; &Jabmfrsm;udk xde;f odr;f ay;bd@k vJ
yef=um;ygw,f? tJ'D t*Fvyd pf pfAv dk rf sm; tm;vH;k rsuEf mS raumif;=uygb;l ? &JabmfawG pdwv f u dk rf mef
ygeJ@ olwdk@udk &ef±mS rSm pd;k &dryf &Hk ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ wyf&if;udv k J oHvsiu f ae &efuek af *:&muke;f udk t+yD;tydik f tjrefajymif;a±$@cikd ;f
+yD; Adv
k cf sKyfwdk@ usq;Hk oGm;&vdk@ rwnfr+idrjf zpfaewJh &efuek +f rdK@ukd xde;f bd@k wm0efay;jcif;cH&vdk@ usaemf
wdk@ &efuek u f dk ajymif;vm&ygw,f?
Adv
k cf sKyfwdk@ vky}f uHc&H vdk@ Armjynfoal wGrsm;pGm 0rf;enf;wkev f y_ =f u+yD; b,fov l yk w
f mvJ?

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
k af 0onf 6
 2006 Zlvikd f 19

bma=umifv h yk w f mvJ? qdw k mawGudk odcsi=f u+yD; a'govJ tvGex f uG af e=uygw,f? 0rf;enf;pdwf
tm;i,fpw d af wGEiS fh aemifa&;twGuf ylyefra_ wGvJ ±S=d uygw,f?
tJ't D wGi;f rSm usaemfwdk@EiS w fh uG jynfot l rsm;udk todynmwd;k wufyiG ;f vif;apaom
tcsu}f uD;wcsuf ay:xGuv f mygw,f? 'guawmh ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw&D @J taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;
ocifoef;xGe;f u Adv k cf sKyfwdk@ vky}f uHc&H wm[m +Adwo d #e,fcs@J orm;wdk@ vufcsuv f dk@ ajymvdu k v f dk@
jynfot l rsm; Edik if aH &;t& rsupf yd iG o fh mG ;ygawmhw,f?
+Adwo d #tpd;k &uvJ jynfov l x l ak 'go olw@dk bufvn S v fh mrSa=umufv@kd wu,fvv J yk }f uHchJ
wJh *VKef OD;apmudk csucf si;f zrf;qD;ta&;,lwm vkyv f ukd &f ygawmhw,f?
+Adwo d #wdk@tay: ocifoef;xGe;f &J@ pGypf cJG su[ f m Edik if aH &;t& w&m;cHtppfudk pGypf w GJ mjzpf
+yD; +Adwo d #wdk@u OD;apmudk ta&;,lwmuawmh wdu k ±f u kd &f mZ0ifa=umif;t& jzpfygw,f?
'Dae&mrSm usaemftaeeJ@ OD;apmuay;wJh Edik if aH &; oifcef;pmudk ajymjyvdyk gw,f?
*VKef OD;apm[m t*Fvyd v f ufatmufrmS ±Spd Of *syefe@J wdww f qdwq f ufo, G v
f dk@ +Adwo d #
wdk@u ol@udk 'kw, d urBmppf=uD;twGi;f tmz&du ,l*E<mudyk @kd csKyfaESmifxm;vdk@ 'kw, d urBmppf}uD;
twGi;f Armjynfow l dk@. Edik if aH &;tod tvGejf rifw h ufomG ;+yDqw kd mudk olem;rvnfcyJh g? ol@taeeJ@
ppfrjzpfrD Armjynf&Jh (19)Xme tkycf sKyfa&; tawG@t}uHKom ±S+d yD; tawG;tac:tvGeaf emufusaeyH&k
ygw,f?
'gth jyif Adv k cf sKyfatmifqe;f&J@ tcef;u¾udv k J todtrSwjf yKcsiyf Hk jyKEdik yf rkH &yg? omref
ausmif;om; acgi;f aqmifav;wa,muftjzpfom jrifaeyH&k +yD; Armjynfoal wGt=um; Adv k cf sKyf&J@ =o
Zm*,uf rnfr# }uD;rsm;ae+yD qdw k mudv k J em;vnfEikd jf cif;r±Sd jzpfaeyH&k ygw,f?
+Adwo d #e,fcsJ@orm;rsm;taeeJ@uvJ 'kw, d urBmppft+yD; tvGepf pfyef;ppfemae+yDjzpfv@kd
t±Sed t f [keef J@ wufvmaewJh trsKd ;om;vGwaf jrmufa&; v_y±f mS ;r_rsm;udk [ef@wm;Edik jf cif;r±Sad wmhbJ
udv k edk rD sm;udk vGwv f yfa&;udk ay;&awmhrJh tajctaejzpfvmygawmhw,f? 'ga=umifh [efjy Edik if aH &;
t& vGwv f yfa&;av; ay;+yD; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufvufcsKyfuidk Ef idk b f @kd =udK;pm;&ygawmhw,f? 'Dvt kd
csed rf mS ArmjynfrS Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;vdk vlrsKd ;ay:vmwmyg? Adv k cf sKyf[m Armjynfudk Edik if aH &;t&
vGwv f yfa&;omru pD;yGm;a&;t&vGwv f yfciG u
fh ykd g awmif;qdak e+yD; Armjynfudk e,fcsJ@pepf vuf
atmufrS tjywftowf ±ke;f xGuEf idk af tmif }udK;pm;aeolvJ jzpfygw,f? 'Dvdk vlrsKd ;[m +Adwo d # e,f
csJ@orm;rsm;twGuf tvGet f EW&,f]uD;+yD; aemufvrl sm; 'Dvrkd vky&f aJ tmif tjywfvyk jf ybdk@vJ e,fcsJ@
orm;rsm; tzdk@ vdt k yfvmaeygw,f?
'Dvt dk csed rf mS Edik if aH &; ud, k u f sKd ;}uD;wJh OD;apm[m +Adwo d #wdk@ axmifacsmufxJ us&wmyg?
OD;apm[m wdik ;f cspf jynfcsppf w d f toift h wifh ±Scd [ hJ ef±ydS gw,f? odk@aomfvJ txufrmS ajymcJo h vdb k J
vufawG@Eidk if aH &;eJ@ uif;uGm+yD; uk, d af &;}uD;yGm;vdpk w d f yk*Kd~ vfa&;rke;f wD;r_ pwmawGa=umifh 'Dvdk 'kuQ
a&mufomG ;&wmyg?
'gudk usaemfwdk@ Edik if aH &;orm;rsm; em;vnfojd rifoifyh gw,f?

ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ

,ckpmapmifonf 59 ESpaf jrmuf tmZmenfae t h xdr;f trSwt

f aeeSihf txl;xkwjf zpfonft
h
avsmuf yg0ifaeus qufvufazmfjyaeonfh aqmif;yg;rsm;ukd ae&mtcuftcJa=umifh csev f yS f
xm;cJ&h ygonf? aemifpmapmifrsm;wGif qufvufazmfjyay;oGm;rnfjzpfyga=umif;?

trsK;d om;'Dru
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 2006 Zlvikd f 19

acwf+ydKif*sme,f

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 2006 Zlvikd f 19

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
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 2006 Zlvikd f 19

ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
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 2006 Zlvikd f 19

1947 ckEpS Zf v l idk v f 19 &uf

rd;k Owka&mufaejyDjzpfI xkad eheeH ufyidk u f &efuek jf rdK yh wf0ef;usiYf aumif;uifonf tkH rh id_ ;f !drk e_ f
um wcsuw f csuw f zGzJ aGJ evdu k f wòzduòf zdu&f mG csvu kd Ef iS hf rd;k onf vk;H vk;H pJonfr&Sd apGIomaeav
onf// xdo k dk ah umif;uifonf =unfvifjcif;r&Sb d J ork'&N mjyif=uD;vdk 0d;k 0d;k 0g;I aeaom 1947 ck
Zlvidk v f 19 &uf paeae eh eH ufu u|Eykf af wG =h uH ck &Jh onfh tjzpftysurf mS v#yw f jyufjrifrufvu kd &f
aom tdrrf ufwckuo Jh dk yh ifwnf;//
rajrmfvifEh idk af vmufatmif vsijf refveG ;f aoma=umifv h nf; tdrrf ufpm;r[kwf wu,fh tjzpf
tysujf zpfa=umif;udk &uftwef=umonfw h ikd af tmif u|Eykf . f pdwx f JwiG , f =Hk unf&eftawmfcJ,Of;pGm
=ud ;k pm;aecJ&h avonf//
befaumufvckH sn/f oeyfcg;a&mif rEWav;yd;k wdu k yf t Hk us/ô oJ=udK;tjz al &mifav,mOfysb H ed yfwkd h
jzifh 0wfqifum (cgwidk ;f ol0wfaeus umuD,el aD zmif;r[kwo f jzif)h vSy prwfusaeaom Adv k cf sKyf
atmifqef;onf xdak e eh u H t f rd rf t
S xGuYf jyHK;jyHK;&$i&f i$ Ef iS hf oR;D axG;uav; rrpkuydk if ,k,pGmerf;&_yf
E_wq f ufcjJh yD;cgrS twGi;f 0ef&;kH odk ah &mufjyD; rsupf w d rSw d v f #yw f jyuftwGi;f w'dik ;f 'dik ;f wGuaf y:vm
aom pufaoeyforH sm;ESit fh wl a&wdref pfc&Jh ykrH mS u|eyf rf supf w d iG f vsijf refpmG jyooGm;aom &ky&f iS f
um;wckudk =unfvu dk &f onfEiS v fh nf;wlayonf//
ppfjyD;acwf(vGwv f yfa&;rwdik rf )D +Adwo d #b&k ifcH Armjynfut kd yk pf ;kd aepOftwGi;f uufbed uf ac:
0ef=uD;rsm;tzGJ u h dk (Governor’s Executive council) bk&ifc. H tr_aqmiftzGJ [ h ak c:wGiv f suf
0ef=uD;tpnf;ta0;rsm;udv k nf; ,if;tzGJ . h obmywdjzpfaom bk&ifcaH exdik &f m tpd;k &tdraf wmf
(,ckorRwtdraf wmf) Yusi;f yavh&. Sd // odk ah omf Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;wdk b h v
d yfwiG t f a&;qdk (atmif
qef;tufwvD) pmcsKyf csKyfq+dk yD;aomtcsed f (1947 ckZEMm0g&v D )rSpI 0ef=uD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;udk
twGi;f 0efrsm;&H;k odk ah jymif;a&$ ph nf;a0;um xd0k ef=uD;tpnf;ta0;wGiv f nf; bk&ifcv H mrwufawmh
bJ 'kw, d 0bmywdjzpfaom Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;uyifobmywdtjzpf wm0ef,al qmif&u G cf oJh nf//
t"dy`g,u f m; ArmEdik if u H dk vGwv f yfa&;ay;&awmhrnfrmS aocsmoGm;+yDjzpfIwdik ;f jynfa&;&m
udprP sm;wGif +Adwo d #tpd;k &ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfaom bk&ifcu H 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufjcif; rjyKawmhyg[al om
txdr;f trSwu f dk +Adwo d #wdk u h pwifjyoonfo h abmyifjzpfayonf//
0ef=uD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;ud&k ufowWwywfv#iw f =udru f s omreftm;jzifu h si;f yavh&&Sd m rsm;
aomtm;jzifh Ak'[ < ;l ae w h idk ;f eHeuf 10 em&Dtcsed w f iG f twGi;f 0ef&;Hk Adv k cf sKyf.&k;H cef;Yyif usi;f yavh
&Sad vonf// Zlvidk v f 16 &ufA'k [ < ;l ae eh eH uf 10em&DwiG f 0ef=uD;rsm;tzGJ h tywfpOftpnf;ta0;udk
twGi;f 0ef&;kH Yusiyf &efppD Ofa=unmxm;+yD;jzpfavonf// u|eyf . f wm0ef0wW&m;wckrmS rsm;jym;vSpmG

trsK;d om;'Dru
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aom Adv k cf sKyf.tvkyw f m0ef/ csed ;f qdck su/f tpnf;ta0;ponfwkd u h kd wck+yD;wck tpDtpOfrvGJ
acsm&f atmif pDrzH efw;D ay;&jcif;jzpfav&m t*Fgae eh u H u f saomtcg u|eyf u f -“ Adv k cf sKyf eufjzef0ef
=uD;tpnf;ta0;vkyb f dk ch sed ;f xm;w,f// v$waf wmfaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;uvJreufjzef 10 em&DbJ
jzpfaew,fb,fE, S v f yk rf vJ”[kar;&molu-
“ a[[kwv f m;// 'gjzifv h w $ af wmfaumfrwDub dk Jwufr,f// tD;pDupkd aeae rh eufajymif;vkyv f udk uf mG ”
[kq;kH jzwfcsucf svu dk &f m ArmjynfEidk if aH &;ordik ;f wGif t&kyq f ;kd qk;H aom Zlvidk v f 19 &uf vlowft
a&;awmfy=Hk uD;. uH=urRmpwifcaJh vonf//
1947 ckZv l idk vf 19 &uf (paeae )h eHeuf 10 em&Dx;kd vwfaomf twGi;f 0ef&rkH sm;tay:xyf (p
ywfvrf;buf)umuG,af &;0ef}uD;. &k;H cef;r}uD;Y Adv k cf sKyfrw S yg; tm;vk;H aom0ef}uD;rsm;onf pkpH n Hk D
nDa&muf&aSd e=uavjyD//
0ef}uD;rsm;aumifpt D zGJ . h twGi;f 0ef OD;a&$abmf/ vufaxmuftwGi;f 0ef OD;wiftek ;f /&k;H tky}f uD;OD;c
wdk rh mS tpnf;ta0;qdik &f mrSww f rf;pm&Gupf mwrf;zdik w f JG ponfrsm;udjk yifqif&mS azG&if; tvky&f y_ f
vsu±f =Sd uavonf// 10em&D 10rdepf wdwt d csed w f iG t f rSw(f R.C.2874) teufa&mif0pD vD um;wpD;
onf twGi;f 0ef±;kH A[dak vSum;=uD;. ajc&if;odk h qdu k af &mufvmavonf//
u|eyf rf mS Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESifh wcsed v f ;kH oGm;twlvmtwlyw l JyG g±aSd v&m tvky0f wW&m;qdik &f m
udpw P dk Yh omru xrif;pm;yGJ/ {nfch yH GJrsm;odk h oGm;jcif;rStp wcgw&H±yk ±f iS jf yZwf=unfjh cif;/ naecif;
tvnftywfomG ;jcif;wdk rh mS yif waumufaumuf aemufuygcaJh vonf// xdo k dk yh gae&mY u|eyf rf mS
Advk cf sKyftwGuf t+rJwapowdrvpfapbJ tppt&m&mrvpf[if;atmif *&kpu dk cf &Jh .//
ArmjynftESH htjym;odk h e,fvn S cfh &D;wGu&f onfh tcgrsm;Y av,mOfysaH y:wufv#iu f |eyf u f Adv k f
csKyf t&ifwufI oabmFrq S if;v#iv f nf; Adv k cf sKyfrqif;rD u|eyf u f a&S h rSqif;avh&cSd o Jh nf// t
a=umif;wpkw H &m±Scd aJh omf bmudb k Jjzpfjzpfu|eyf u f Adv k cf sKyft&ifawG =h uH ak p&rnf[k &nf±, G cf su&f Sd
aoma=umifyh ifwnf;// ,ck Zlvidk v f qef; avmufuwnf;u u|eyf w f dk oh nf txl;owdjy *k ±kpu dk f
ae=u&onfh ta=umif;w&yfrmS bD/td/k 'D/ppfwyfrS b&if;*ef;aoewf 200 ausmaf ysmufomG ;jcif;ESifh
ywfoufI ,if;udprP mS aoG; ±k;d om; ±k;d r[kwEf idk [ f k oHo,jzpfr=d uaoma=umifyh ifjzpfonf//
Adv
k cf sKyfu, dk w
f idk u f m; olurdk nforl rS }uHwef&m[k oluckd spaf omvlx=k uD;udk oluvnf; wxpf
cs,=kH unftm;ud;k cJah vonf// odk ah omftcsi;f rjzpfymG ;rDw&uf (aom=umae )h wGif olpw d xf JY b,f
vdjk zpfonfrod// u|eyf t f m; “ a[higwdk t h rd v f nf;vdv k rkd ,fr,f vufeufuav;bmuav; ,lxm;
tk;H rSbJ// pwif;*ef;wvufjzpfjzpf tdr, f x l m;vdu k pf rf;ygumG ” [kajymojzifh u|eyf v f nf;(,ck,/l
trf/yD/jzpfvmaom)aomif;use;f r_ErSd ef if;a&;wyfrpS wif;*ef;wvuf acwW,x l m;vdu k &f avonf// odk h
ESiyfh if Zlvidk v f 19 &ufeeH ufwiG f twGi;f 0ef±;kH tay:xyfodk w h uf+yD; tpnf;ta0;cef;r=uD;twGi;f odk h
0ifonftxd u|eyf yf ifv#iAf v dk cf sKyf.a±S rh aS v#mufvmcJah vonf// xdak e t h pnf;a0;qdik &f m rSww f rf;
zdik w
f GJrsm;udk ae&mcsxm;jyD;aemuf obmywduv k m;xdik =f uD;udak emufodk q h GJI ol0ifomatmif
u|Eyfk u f vkyaf y;jyD;rS Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf olaemufq;Hk t=udro f bmywdtjzpf aqmif&u G &f rnf
jzpfaom tr_aqmif0ef=uD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;udk pwif&efjyifqif±mS avownf;//
10 em&D 15 rdepftcsed w f iG f csi;f a&;&mtwdik yf ifc0H ef}uD; OD;0rf;udak [m(,ckEidk if jH cm;a&;0efxrf;)
onfu|eyf . f tcef;odk Ah v dk cf sKyfxpH mwapmifay;&efvma&muf&if; u|eyf Ef iS hf tv†myov†mypum;
rsm;ajymaeaoonf// ol±pSd Ofyifu|eyf o f nf ok;H =udrw f ikd wf ikd f tpnf;ta0;cef;rodk 0h ifI Adv k cf sKyfvkd
tyfaom pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm; 0ifay;cJah o;.//
csi;f 0ef}uD; OD;0rfuadk [m 5 rdepft=umwGif jyefwu G o f mG ;avonf// ol±aSd ewke;f rSmyif tvkyf
orm;or*~rS ocifAwif=uD;onf u|eyf x f o H dk v h mI eHeufyikd ;f u Adv k cf sKyfEiS afh wG &h ef apmifah omf

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
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vnf; rawG &h ojzifh wjzpfawmufawmufnnf;ae&mrS awmfawmf=umtpnf;ta0;+yD;rSbJ awG h

rnfqu dk m ol. OD;xkyEf iS fh rd;k umtusrô sm;udk u|eyf . f tcef;wGi;f Y csxm;um acwWtjyifbufodk h
wGuo f mG ;avonf// xl;qef;yku H m; cgwidk ;f qdv k #if {nfo h nfawG/owif;axmufawG/ &JabmfawG/tjcm;
rdwaf qGawG 'ifjynfu h syjf ynfah eavh±aSdf om u|eyf . f &k;H rSmxdak e u h tvGeyf ifv±l iS ;f vsuf u|eyf t f jyif
+Adwo d #Av dk cf sKyf *sief &,faomrwf. ud, k &f aH wmf Adv k o f ef;0if;wOD;om&S+d yD; wcef;vk;H wdwq f wd f
ajcmufuyfI aeavonf//
xdpk Ofuu|eyf rf mS tpmra=ua&m*gjzpfvsu&f &dS m q&m0ef.!$e=f um;csut f & tjyif tpm;t
pmrpm;bJ (Diet) oabmtdro f dk yh if eHeuf 10 em&Dco JG momavmufwiG f ae ph Of jyefxrif;pm;avh
&Sod nf// xdak e h (Zlvidk v f 19 &ufae )h ur_v&l iS ;f vsu&f adS om u|eyf . f ±k;H cef;ud=k unf, h if; pdwx f JrS
tjyifroGm;csio f vdv k dk xl;qef;pGmjzpfay:vmaoma=umifh 'Dae ah wmhtrd jf yefxrif;rpm;awmhygb;l [k
qk;H jzwfvu dk u f m ±k;H cef;apmif&h JabmfvaS rmiftm;u|eyf Ef iS hf Adv k o f ef;0if;twGuEf pS af ,mufpmxrif;udk
w&kyq f idk rf t S 0,fcidk ;f vdu k +f yD;aemuf u|eyf . f vufywfem&Dukd =unfv h u dk af omtcg tcsed rf mS 10em&D
35 rdepfww d &d aSd eav+yD//
xdck %Y Adv k cf sKyf.tcef;qDrS “ 'dik ;f 'dik ;f 'dik ;f ” [laomayguu f Jo G rH sm;us,af vmifpmG ±kww f &uf
wGuaf y:vmonfEiS fh w+ydKifwnf; u|eyf f ESiAfh v dk o f ef;0if;wdk o h nf 0rf;vsm;xd;k arSmufum tuG,t f
um,laerd=uavonf// apmapmujrnf[ed ;f wGuaf y:vmaomayguu f Jo G rH mS puUef yh idk ;f avmufom
&Sad o;pOf 'uf'uf'uf [laom (atmfwrdk ufwpf)pufaoewfypfow H kd t h qufrjywf=um;vdu k &f +yD;
aemuf u|eyf w f dk w
h iG f -
“[m 0ef=uD;awGuydk pfuek +f yD ” [laomtodOm%fjzpfay:vmvsuf csujf cif;yifu|Eykf u f Adv k f
csKyfwdk . h tpnf;a0;cef;r=uD;qDodk ‚ h / Adv k o f ef;0if;uu|eyf t f cef;tjyifbufqo D dk ‚ h toD;oD;ajy;
=uavawmhonf//
Advk cf sKyfatmifqef;ESi±fh ;kH cef;qufvsu&f aSd om ab;wHcg;&Guu f kd u|eyf w f eG ;f I=unfv h u kd af omtcg
jrif&aom &_cif;tcsi;f t&mrSm u|eyf t f bdk h woufwmwGiaf rhaysmufEidk b f ,G rf &Sad tmif pdwEf v S ;kH
aemufusb d , G &f m jzpfaeawmhonf// tcef;wcef;vk;H wdwq f w d +f idro f ufaevsuf ,rf;aiG , h rf;eH ah wG
vnf;a!‡m‡ af pmfeaH eav&m apmapmuyifpw d t f m;xufoefpmG Armjynf.aemifa&;udprP sm; aqG;aEG;
wdik yf ifaecJ=h uaom 0ef}uD;rsm;onf twk;H t&k;H vJae=uonfukd pdwrf csr;f ajr b h , G &f mjrif&avonf//
acgi;f aqmif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;rSmvnf; olxikd af ompm;yGJxyd rf S ukvm;xdik }f uD;ESit fh wlyufvuf
vefvJusae±Smavownf;?
t&G,f 45 ESifh 35 trsK;d tpm; aoeyfusnq f cH rHG sm;onfvnf; =urf;jyifYjyef }h uJ vsu±f aSd v
onf// vlowform;rsm;ESifh rsuEf mS csi;f qdik x f idk +f yD; pwifypfypfcsi;f rxdojzifh 0rf;vsm;xd;k 0yfvu dk f
aoma=umifh aoab;rSoo D u D av;vGwo f mG ;ol 0ef}uD; OD;b*sr;f /aysmb f , G f OD;jr/ OD;atmifZaH 0ESit fh
wGi;f 0ef OD;a±$abmfwdk u h m; uref;uwrf; tcef;csi;f uyfaeaom OD;a±$abmf. &k;H cef;twGi;f odk u h ;l
ajy;=uav+yD// xkt d csed Yf yif u|Eykf w f dk t
h cef;wGi;f rStjyifbufokd ah jy;wGuo f mG ;aom Adv k o f ef;0if;rSm
avSum;rSqif;ajy;rnfq h JqJ vlowform;rsm;ESi&hf ifqikd w f ;kd vsu&f adS vonf//
Adv
k o f ef;0if;udjk rifjrifcsi;f vlowform;rsm;onf// “ a[hrqdik o f rl uyfeJ u h G ” [k nmoHay;
+cdr;f ajcmufum awmfr*D ef;pwif;*ef;wdk jh zifh csed ;f xm;av&m Adv k o f ef;0if;rSm ,if;wdk 0h wfqifxm;
aom tpdr;f a&mifppf,el aD zmif; tjynft h pku H =dk unf&h if; &kyw f &ufaomf w&m;cHrsm;udk vdu k zf rf;
aom ppfyv k yd rf sm;[kxifrw S u f m acwWiidk af epOf vlowform;wdk v h nf; a±S o h dk w h ;dk oGm;+yD; avSum;
xdyt f cef;rS ajy;wGu=f unfo h l q&m=uD;OD;&mZwf (ynma&;0ef=uD;).oufawmfapmifu h akd xG;tm;
pwef;*ef;jzifh wcsurf #qGJvu dk jf cif;jzifh olwdk . h xGuaf jy;&mvrf;&Sd twm;tqD;[lor#udk t+yD;wdik f

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
k af 0onf 13
 2006 Zlvikd f 19

±Si;f vif;vdu k =f uavonf// xdt k cgryS ifAv dk o f ef;0if;onf vlowform;rsm; jzpfa=umif;udo k &d av
awmhonf// wrdepftwGi;f atmufxyfavScg;&if;wGif tqifoifph ufE;dk +yD; qdu k x f m;aom *spu f m;
ay:odk ah jy;wufum vlowform;wdk o h nf vufvw G x f u G af jy;=uavawmhonf//
,cku|Eykf f pmjzifah &;jyae&onfrmS tcsed =f umonfxif&aomvnf; pifppf ‚Zlvikd v f 19
&ufae u h jzpfysuyf t kH vk;H pktH m; v#yw f jyufuo Jh kd vh sijf refvaS yonf//
±k;H tay:xyf tpnf;ta0;cef;r}uD;wGif awmifwef;a'oqdik &f m twdik yf ifc0H ef}uD; rdik ;f yGef
apmfbmG ;}uD;onf rsuEf mS wGif aoG;vdr;f usaH om '%f&mwdk jh zifh u|eyf w f kd ±h &Sd modk x h av#mufvmao;
&m u|Eykf u f yif ZGwt f wif;txdik cf idk ;f &ao;onf// u|Eykf t f zdk t h a&;t=uD;qk;H acgi;f aqmifjzpfaom
Advk cf sKyfatmifqef; vJae&modk h ajy;=unfv h u dk af omtcg vuf0Jbuf&iftw kH iG f aoG;rsm;pdk v h suf
aoewf'%f&m 2csuf 3csuf owdxm;rdojzifh (ppfppf Adv k cf sKyfwa,mufxJ aoewf'%f&m 13
csuw f w d d xdreS af =umif;aq;&ku H sro S &d onf// ) uref;uwef; ud, k u f pdk rf;=unfv h u dk &f m aoG;wd;k jcif;
vk;H 0r&Sb d J toufvnf;r±ªawmha=umif;awG &h avonf//
u|eyf o f nfxt dk csed Yf tHt h m;oifw h ek v f y_ jf cif;/0rf;enf;a=uuGJjcif;paom pdwv f y_ ±f mS ;r_awGudk
acwW}udK;pm;azsmufxm;um ta&;t=uD;qk;H vkypf &mawGukd vkyrf jS zpfrnf[ak wG;vsuf csucf si;f
w,fvzD ;kH aumufuidk +f yD; rD;owf/ olemjy /k aq; ±k=H uD;/ ykvyd &f ;kH / bk&ifct H rd af wmfEiS hf Armjynf ppfXm
ecsKyfrsm;odk h wck+yD;wck zk;H qufta=umif;=um;vdu k af vonf//
pmbwforl sm; rSwrf =d urnfvm; rajymwwfyg// xdt k csed f (1947 ck Zlvidk v f ) u &efuek +f rd k w h iG f
bD/td/k 'DrS b&if;*ef;awGaysmufjcif;udp/P pma&;or*~ ESihf tpd;k &tr_xrf;rsm;udp/P atmifqef;tufwvD
pmcsKyfudk ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D tjyif;txef a0zefjcif;udpw P kd Eh iS fh qufpyfI ArmEdik if aH &;tajc
taerSm tenf;i,fwif;rmvsu&f &Sd m tcsi;f jzpfymG ;csed u f ppfaoewfawG tqufrjywf =um;vdu k &f
aoma=umifh twGi;f 0ef±;kH udk 0ifp;D uke+f yD[x k if=uIbJvm;rod// w±k;H vk;H rSio f ufr+d yD; idik af e=u
onfrmS rdepf 20 cef =h umonf [kxifro d nf//
aemufrv S rl sm; [drk o S nfrS ajy;vm=uawmhonf// wkev f y_ af csmufcsm;jcif; pdwv f y_ ±f mS ;r_
a=umifh ajcrudik rf v d ufrudik rf d rjzpfap&ef txlowdjy x k m;qifjcif+yD;aemuf u|Eykf af ±S Oh ;D pGmowd&
aomt&mum; Adv k cf sKyfusq;Hk jcif;udk csucf si;f vlrodap&efyifjzpfygonf//
xdak =umifyh if yxqk;H a&mufvmaom olemjy ak rmfawmfum;rS vlwa,mufu jzpfymG ;yku H =dk unf+h yD;
“ tr,fav;As /'kuyQ gbJ ukeyf gyu D ek yf gyD ” ponfjzif*h a,mifacsmufcsm; [pfatmfjrnfwrf;ae
onfuydk if u|Eykf u f ZGwt f wif; aiguif ef;trdeafh y;vsuf Adv k cf sKyftm; tqifoif±h aSd om Adv k o f ef;0if;
. rd;k umtusjô zifh vkaH tmifaxG;vsuf aq;&k=H uD;odk t h jrefydk v h u dk &f avonf//
xdt k csed u f u|Eykf af wG;rdonfum; tu,fIom u|Eykf u f ,dk w f idk u f “ Adv k cf sKyfaoewfreS v f kd uh sq;Hk
+yD/ wjcm;0ef}uD;awGvJxu d ek +f yD ” [kwek v f y_ af csmufcsm;pGmatmf[pfaerdygu tqdyk gowif;. r
aumif;aom*,ufrmS wr[kwjf cif;jyif;xefpmG &ku d cf wf+yD; w+rd k v h ;kH tkyrf Edik x f ed ;f r&atmif jzpfomG ;
p&m ta=umif; ±So d nf[, k q l rdcaJh yonf//
xdk ah =umifyh if “Adv k cf sKyfupd rP ±Sb d ;l //nmzufyck;H rSm aoewfreS w f mbJ //ckaq; ±krH mS csucf si;f ukbkd h
,lomG ;+yD ” [kAv dk cf sKyfta=umif; pdwt f m;xufoefpmG vma&mufar;jref;=uolreS o f r# tenf;i,f
ESpo f rd b fh , G =f um;&aom owif;rSm u|Eykf x f iG I f ajymjcif;r#omjzpfayonf//
Tenf;tm;jzifh u|Eykf u f pwifz;kH zd vsKd 0h u S cf jJh cif;a=uifh Adv k cf sKyfusq;Hk onfukd csucf si;f vlrodbJ
naexkwo f wif;pmrsm;wGurf yS if aq;&kYH qk;H onf[k vltrsm;uod=ujcif;jzpfavonf// pifppfum;
rdik ;f yGeaf pmfbmG ;=uD;ESifh 0ef=uD; OD;bcsKd ('D;'kw)f wdk rh w S yg; useaf oewfreS o f l tm;vk;H rSm jzpfymG ;&m
ae&mrSmyif yGJcsi;f +yD; udpw P ;kH cJ=h uav+yD//

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
k af 0onf 14
 2006 Zlvikd f 19

txufwiG af z:jycJo h nft h wdik ;f Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf ol u h ckd spaf omjynfov l x l }k uD;udk t
vGe, f =kH unftm;uk;d vsuf ol u h adk wmhrnforl #rusew f ef&m[k wxpfcswu G cf aJh vonf// twGi;f 0ef&;kH
ol.tcef;Y tapmift h a&Smufxm;v#iv f nf; Adv k cf sKyfur=ud u k /f /u|eyf w f kd t h m; rmefrJ=udr;f armif;I
jyefvw $ af pwwf.// olrqk;H rD 2 &ufcef u h yif umuG,af &;0ef]uD;Xmeodk
u
h pd w P ckjzifph pfwyfru S m;]uD; ESppf ;D vm+yD; wdik ;f jynfjy v k w$ af wmf&;Hk teD;Y qdu k x f m;onfujkd rifI
Adv
k cf sKyfu “ a[h[u dk m;awGu ykvyd u f m;awGvm;uG// OD;jrudak r;+yD; rvd&k ifvJ rapmifyh gapeJ u h mG
”[k u|eyf t f m;trdeafh y;cJah v onf// (OD;jrrSm uG,v f eG o f l jynfol v h w $ af wmf OuUX=uD; aysmb f , G f
OD;jrjzpfI xdt k csed u f acwWjynf xJa&;0ef=uD;tjzpfaqmif&u G v f su&f adS vonf//)
odk ah omf Adv k cf sKyfu xdu k o Jh t dk apmift h a&Smufxm;jcif;udk r}ud u k [ f qk u dk mr#EiS fh ArmEdik if t H pd;k &.
A[dck surf twGi;f 0ef&;kH =uD;twGi;f odk h vufeufuikd v f ol wform;rsm; ajymif0if+yD; wdu k cf ukd yf pfowf
oGm;Ekid af vmufatmif tapmift h a&Smuf (Plain Clothes Men )omref t&yf0wf t&yfpm; ESihf
vsKd 0h u S pf akH xmufponfwdk h wa,mufwavr#r&Sb d J Avmusi;f aecJjh cif;rSm oifah wmfrawmf ,ck
jyefvnfpOf;pm;p&mvnf; jzpfaeavonf//
rnfodk yh ifjzpfap Armhvw G v f yfa&;ordik ;f wav#mufwiG -f -tajymifajrmufq;kH aom wu,fv h x l k
acgi;f aqmif Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k . pnf;vk;H nDnw G rf t _ rSwt f om;
(Symbol of Unity) vuQ%mw&yf[q k adk vmufaom Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ aomif;aomif;zszs
olu0dk idk ;f cspcf if=uaom jynfov l x l =k uD;tm; csiG ;f csurf &Sd ,k=H unfpw d cf sum ol t h wGuu f m;r[kwf /
tdr&f o Sd . l om;orD; csp&f ifaoG;uav;rsm;twGuo f m tenf;i,f pd;k &dr+f yD; “vufeufuav;bm
uav; tdr, f x l m;ygt;kH uG ” [kajymcJah om Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ “ uGm vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;&if igwdk h
vJ Edik if aH &;utem;,l+yD; pmuav; ayuav; at;at; xdik af &;tk;H rSbJumG [k 1947 ckEpS f
{+yDvu ar+rd k w h iG f u|eyf tf m; ajymjybl;aom Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ ,cktcgtm;vk;H 0dik ;f 0ef;+yD;
+rde+f rde}f uD;cHpm;ae=u&aom vGwv f yfa&;taqmufttku H kd wnfaqmuf&mY olrwlatmif ±Gwcf GsH
ajymifajrmufpmG }ud ;k yrf;pGr;f aqmifcaJh om Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf cyfvrS ;f vSr;f wGijf rifae&+yD;jzpf
aom Armhvw G v f yfa&; rD;&SL;yef;wdik }f uD;udk a&mufcge;D rSmyif vrf;cGwv f wfY a&wdref pfusq;kH cJ&h jcif;
rSm twdik rf od 0rf;enf;a=uuGJb, G &f maumifvaS yonf //”
Todk v h #if 1936 ckEpS f ouUov dk af usmif;om;oydwrf pS wifarG;bGm;vdu k af om “atmifqef;”
trnf&Sd Armhacgi;f aqmif}uD;wa,muf. Ekid if aH &;ZmwfcakH y:wGif b0jycef;onf wdak wmif;vSaomt
csed u
f mvtwGi;f Zmwfvrf;yifrqk;H ao;rD jynfz;Hk um;csvu kd &f onftjzpfodk h a&mufomG ;avawmh
onf// ,ckqv dk #if tcsed u f mvtm;jzifh 8 ESpcf ef ±h o Sd mG ;ay+yD// odk ah omfu|Eykf t f bdk u h m; 8 &ufr#yif
r=umao;[kxif&vsuf OD;aESmufxJY xifxif&mS ;&Sm;=uD;jrifae&ao;aom jzpfysuyf t kH &ky(f Image)
rSm ,ae w h idk af tmifyifv#ipf w d Ef v S ;kH xJwiG f jyif;pGmaomemusijf cif;a0'emESit fh wl wnf&I Sd aeygo
wnf;//

,ckEpS q f v dk #if Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESifh tmZmenf acgi;f aqmif}uD; rsm; usq;kH oGm;onfrmS 59 ESpf
wdik wf idk &f cSd yJh g+yD/ /vuf&Sd etzppftpd;k &rS Adv k cf sKyfEiS t
hf mZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;udk arS;rSed af ysmuf
uG,o f mG ;&ef&nf&, G I f vkyaf qmifaeonfuv dk nf; jrifawG &h yg onf// Adv k cf sKyfEiS w
hf uGtmZmenf
acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;usq;kH oGm;&yku H o dk +d yD;om;olrsm;vnf; jyefvnftrSw&f ap&ef/ rodao;aomol
rsm;vnf;odapjcif;tvdk Xh m xdt k csed u f Adv k cf sKyf.
f ud, k &f aH wmfjzpfco
Jh l Adv
k xf eG ;f vS (pma&;q&m-
(pma&;q&m-
±ky±f iS of ±kyaf qmif wuUov kd af e0if;) .a&;om;az:jycsurf sm;udjk yefvnfqef;opfvu kd &f ygonf//

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
S w
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 2006 Zlvikd f 19

w&m;±k;H txl;w&m;±k;H / tif;pdef

tr_wt GJ rSwf 1§ 1947
tr_pcGJ suf Edik if aH wmft}uD;tuJrsm;tm; vky}f uHowfjzwfr_ (1947 ckZv l idk f 19)
w&m;vkd bk&ifrif;jrwf
w&m;cH (1) OD;apm/ (2) armifpkp;dk / (3) oufEiS ;f / (4) armifped (f c)pde}f uD;(c)
vSatmif/ (5) &ef}uD;atmif(c)vSxeG ;f / (6) okc/ (7) cifarmif&if/
(8)armife(D c)bke(D c)*eD/ (9) r_}H uD;(c)armifr_H
pD&ifcsuf
csrw
S of nfah e h 1947 ck 'DZifbmv 30 &uf
usL;vGeo f nfh tr_tcif;ESifh ±_uiG ;f
-
jrefrmEdmEidk if .
H 0ef=uD;csKyfa[mif;
OD;apm/ olEiS t fh wlae wynfh 9
a,mufjzpfaom armifp;kd / ouf
ESi;f / armifped /f &ef=uD;atmif/ okc/
cifarmif&if/ armife/D armifrE_H iS fh
b!Gef w h kd o h nf 1947 ckEpS f Zlvikd f
19 &ufae Yh &efuek t f wGi;f 0efrsm;
±k;H twGi;f Edik if aH wmfacgi;f aqmif
aqmi=f uD;
w&m;cGiYf a±S ah eESifh wkid yf ifaeaom *VKefO;D apm
rsm; tm; vky=f uHowfjzwfrr_ mS yl;
aygi;f usL;vGe=f ujcif;jzpfyg onf?
armifp;kd / oufEiS ;f / armifped Ef iS fh
&ef=uD;atmifwkd rh mS t"duw
&m;cHrsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/
OD;apm/ okc/ cifarmif&if/
armifeD ESifh armifrw _H kd rh mS }uH&m
ygrsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif; usL;
vGecf =Jh uygonf? b!Gef rh mS rl
pD&ifcsuef mcHaeaom *VKef OD;apm.wynfrh sm; tr_wiG f ajzmifch suaf y;azmfaumif
jyKtpd;k &oufaotjzpfxm;±dyS gonf?
tcif;jzpfyGg;onfh Zlvikd f 19 &ufae h eHeuf 10 em&Dcef w h iG f

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
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 2006 Zlvikd f 19

twGi;f 0efrsm;±k;H taemufbuft

aqmif
aqmiYf OD;atmifqef;onf
bk&ifct H r_aqmifaumifpD t
pnf;ta0;ukd OD;aqmifusi;f y
aeygonf? OD;atmifqef;ESiw fh uG
tr_aqmifaumifp0D ifrsm;
jzpf=uaom ocifjr/ OD;b0if;/
'D;'kwOf ;D bcsK/d rpPwm &mZwf/
ref;bckid /f aysmb f , G Of ;D jr/ OD;
atmifZaH 0/ OD;b*sr;f / apmf
bGm;=uD; p0fpxG HxeG ;f wkd h
tpnf;t a0;wufa&muf
ae=uygonf?
tr_aqmifaumifp. D twGi;f 0ef
*syefEidk if aH &mpOf OD;a±$abmfEiS fh ykd ah qmifqufo, G f OD;apmESiw fh ynfrh sm;ukd pD&ifcsut f rdehf
*syef0wfpEkH iS fh a&;0ef=uD;Xme. vufaxmuft csaom w&m;ol}uD; OD;ausmjf rif/h
awG &h aomOD;apm wGi;f 0ef OD;tke;f armif wkd v h nf;t OD;atmifausmo f mESihf OD;pnfbk
cef;xJwiG ±f adS e=uygonf?
tr_aqmifaumifp0D ifrsm;.tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyaf eqJwiG f 10 em&D cGcJ ef Yh yck;H rSm
trSwf 12 wyfrawmfwq H yd rf sm;wyfxm;onfh awmpdr;f a&mif0wfprkH sm;0wfxm;onfh vl 4
a,mufonf atmfwrkd ufwpfaoewfrsm;ukid af qmifvsuf tpnf;ta0;cef ta0;cef;twGi;f okd h ±kwf
w&uf0ifcsvmygonf? rnfonfo h wday;r_ wpkw H &mr#rjyKvkyyf J aoewf rsm;jzifh w&pyfypf
cwf+yD; csucf si;f xGucf GgomG ;=uygonf? vrf;wGiaf wG =h uKHomG ;aom rpPwm&mZwf.uk, d &f H
awmfuakd xG;tm;vnf; ypfcwfomG ;=uygonf?
Typfcwfra_ =umifh OD;atmifqef;/ ocif ocif jr/
OD;b0if;/ rpPwm&mZwf/ ref;bckid Ef iS fh OD;
tke;f armifwkd rh mS yGcJ si;f +yD; uG,v f eG f oGm;
=uygonf? OD;bcsK/d p0fpx H eG ;f ESifh ukad xG;wkd h
rSm jyif;xefaom'%f&mrsm; &=u+yD; aq;±kH
ta&mufwiG f uG,v f eG f oGm;=uygonf?
OD;b*sr;f rSm nmbufvufo=l uG,w f iG f
'%f&m&oG m&oGm;cJyh gonf?
tmZmenf}uD;rsm;tm; vky}f uHowfjzwf&mwGif OD; atmifZaH 0/aysmb f , G Of ;D jrESiOfh ;D a±$abmf
tok;H jyK aom vufeufrsm; wkd rh mS '%f&mr&yJ toufab;rS vGwf
uif;oGm;cJ=h uygonf?
azmfaumifb!Gef rh t
S y OD;apmESifhusew f &m;cH 8 a,mufrmS 1947 'DZifbm 30 &ufae Yh raor
csi;f =usdK;ay;towfc&H ef pD&ifcsucf srw
S cf =H u&ygonf ?

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x
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 2006 Zlvikd f 19

tydkif; (1)
'DEpS [f m (wuo)zGJ@pnf;cJw h m (75)ESpjf ynfh pde&f wkajrmufwEhJ pS jf zpfygw,f?
(1931)ckEpS rf mS p+yD;awmhzGJ@cw Jh Jh &efuek w f uUov kd f ausmif;om;rsm;or*~tzGJ@(wuo)}uD;zGJ@
cJw
h m tckqv dk kd@&&Sd if pde&f wk umvwdik o f mG ;+yD? (wuo)qdw k mvnf; yxrOD;qk;H ausmif;om;or*~
tzGJ@qadk wmh ausmif;om;or*~awG&ŒJ pde&f wkv@dk ajymvk@d &&dS ifvnf; rSm;r,frxifb;l ? (1936)ckEpS rf mS
zGJ@cwJh Jh (Auo)qdv k nf; tESpf (60)jynf+h yD?
jrefrmhEidk if aH &;ordik ;f qdw k muvnf; ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_ ordik ;f eJ@cv JG @dk rS r&bJ? Acwft f
qufqufrmS ausmif;om;awG[m cGyaf 'gi;f qdw k hJ atmifvaH tmufrmS pkpnf;v_y&f mS ;cJ=h u/ cGyaf 'gi;f pdwf
"gwef J@ wdu k yf 0GJ if cJ=h uw,fvkd@ qdw k ,fr[kwv f m;?
udrk if;udEk idk f - “ausmif;om;pdw"f gwf cGyaf 'gi;f pdw"f gwq f w kd mu trdajrvGwaf jrmuf
a&;twGuf trSew f &m;bufu &J&J &if&h ifh wdu k yf 0GJ ifwJh pdw"f gwq f w
kd m usaemfw@dk em;vnfxm;yg
w,f?”
udrk if;aZ,s - “cGyaf 'gi;f qdw k m usaemfw@dk Eikd if &H ŒJ jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_ tpOftvmordik ;f
rSm tifrwef}uD;rm;cJw h Jh txdr;f trSwf wckyg? tJ'rD mS cGyaf 'gi;f pdw"f gwef J@ ua'gi;f pdw"f gwaf ygah emf?
cGyaf 'gi;f qdw k m wufºuGwo Jh abm/ owd&w Sd o Jh abmudak qmifw,fAsm? ua'gi;f qdw k muawmh El;nHh
wJo h abm/ aysmah ysmif;wJo h abmudak qmifw,fAsm? tJ'aD wmh vGwv f yfrt_ wGuf trSew f &m;twGuf
azmfxw k w
f aJh e&mrSm umuG,w f aJh e&mrSm cGyaf 'gi;f pdw"f gw&f &dS r,fAsm? tJ jynfoal wGeJ@ qufqw H aJh e
&mrSmawmh ua'gi;f pdw"f gw&f Sd r,fAsm? ausmif;om;awG&ŒJ tajccHtusq;Hk pdwu f awmhAsm &d;k om;jzL
pifry_ g?”
'guawmh ausmif;om;awG vufqifu h rf;o,faqmifvmwJh cGyaf 'gi;f pdw"f gwq f w
dk mudk
(88)ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifawG jzpf =uwJh udrk if;udEk ikd ef @J udrk if;aZ,swkd@u ajymjyoGm;=uwmyg?
olwkd@ ajymovdk zdEySd rf u _ dk wdu k yf 0GJ ifc=hJ uw,fqw kd m wGu=f unf&h if jrefrmEdik if H t*Fvyd u f dk
vdek b D 0a&mufaewJh (1900) jynfv h eG f ESpaf wGu pcJw h myg?
(1920)yxrausmif;om;oydw}f uD;u txift&Sm;ayg?h zdEydS w f hJ udv
k ekd u D |eyf nma&;udk
ausmif;awGup+yD; awmfveS v f udk f =uwmyg?
ordik ;f rSm vloyd rf odvu dk w f Jh ausmif;om;awmfveS rf w _ ckuvnf; 'Dxuf apmapmuwnf;
u &Scd w Jh myg?
b,f[mudk ajymwmvJ?
(1903)ckEpS w f ek ;f uyg? t*Fvyd q f &mawGukd ausmif;om;awGu &Spcf ;kd +yD; E_wq f uf&r,fvkd@
ynm0efrpPwmpaumhu trdef@xw k wf mudk ausmif;om;awGu uef@uu G zf suo f rd ;f cJah o;wmayg?h
ordik ;f rSmody+f yD; xifxif&mS ;&Sm; rjzpfvu kd w f hJ tjzpftysuaf v;wckayg?h 'geJ@ (1920)
yxrausmif;om;oydwaf &mufvmawmh udv k edk q D ef@usiaf &; trsK;d om;pdw"f gwaf wG E_;d =um;vmvdu k f
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w,f? aemufq;kH vGwv f yfa&;&,lwt Jh xd ausmif;om;tiftm;pk&ŒJ u¾u a&S@wef;uyJ?
(1931)ckEpS rf mS (wuo)vdk@ac:wJh &efuek w f uUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*~}uD;
pwifzGJ@pnf;Edik cf w Jh Jh aemufyidk ;f rSmawmh ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_awG[m pnf;pepf ydu k svm+yD;/
tm;vnf;ydak umif;vmw,f?

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 2006 Zlvikd f 19

tJ'D udv k edk aD cwf trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&; v_y&f mS ;r_rmS ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_u b,f
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vnf; jzwfoef;cJw h Jh pma&;q&m}uD; '*kew f m&mu tckvdk ajymjycJyh gw,f?
q&m'*kew f m&m - “(1920)ausmif;om;uvnf; 'D t=urf;rzufwehJ nf;ayg/h +idr;f csr;f wJh
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wcg (1935/ 36)u usaemfr+SD yD? usaemfwkd@ (10)wef;aygh tJ'aD cwfu? tJ'u D awmh usaemfwkd@ausmif;
om;&JΠtiftm;pkayg?h pwif+yD;awmh pnf;&k;H wmyJ? (1935/ 36)rSm ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;
or*~ay:vmwm 'g ol@&ŒJ tusK;d yJ? (1938/ 39) 1300jynhf ta&;awmfyv Hk kd@ac:wJh taxGaxGoydwf
tJ'guawmh wuUov dk of r*~ acgi;f aqmifwJh ausmif;om; v_y&f mS ;r_e@J t}uHK;0ifvm+yD?
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awmh 'D wcsKd@tcGifh ta&;awGeJ@ ywfoufvdk@ ausmif;om;awGe@J ywfoufvkd@ciG jfh yKcsuaf wGwcsKd@[mrSm
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 2006 Zlvikd f 19

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t"du OD;wnfwt Jh cgusawmh tJwma=umifh avsmo h mG ;w,f?
DSO qdw k Jh ausmif;om;tzGJ@wzJG@vnf; &Sad o;w,f? tJ't D a=umif;udyk J OD;vSazu ajymjy
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wke;f u (Democratice Students Organization) zGJ@wt Jh cgrmS zG@J wv hJ al wG &JΠ&nf&, G cf suu f awmh
wu,fu h dk 'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;wJh Ekid if jH zpfzkd@twGuf ausmif;om;awGacgi;f aqmif=updk@vkd@ acgi;f aqmif
w,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'aD usmif;om;awGudk aemufu, G uf udik af y;wJv h u l tJ'w D ek ;f u 'D zqyv tpd;k &
xJrmS trmcHxu J yk*K~d vfwpfO;D jzpfwJh OD;ausm+f idr;f yg? OD;ausm+f idr;f u xlaxmifay;cJw h mjzpfygw,f/
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tquGv J =GJ uwmudk vufccH =Jh uwJo h abmyJ?
tJ'v D kd &or#'rD u kd a&pDtcGit fh a&;awGukd qkyu f ikd +f yD;awmh us,jf yef@whJ vGwv f yfciG afh wGukd
&&Szd kd@&ek ;f uefc=Jh uwmayg?h 'gayr,hf 1962 ckEpS v f nf;a&mufvma&mæ
“usaemfwkd@tyd af umif;aewke;f yJ reuf (7)em&Davmufe@J ww l ,f?jyif;xefwaJh yguu f o GJ }H uD;
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ajr}uD;ay:rSm[kwv f m; tukev f ;kH jym;oGm;w,f? rEWav;aqmifrmS qd&k if 'DwcH g;abmifawG bmawG
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d cf wfrt _ &Sefd ef @J usK;d uGaJ ewmawG awG@cyhJ gw,f?”
tJwmuawmh (wuo) Edik if jH cm;a&;wm0efcH wOD;jzpfcw hJ hJ tck(KNU)u u&iftrsK;d om;
apma';Apfwmuayg ajymjyoGm; wmyg? oluvnf; (1962) ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f (7)&ufae@reufrmS or*~
taqmuftOD;}uD; 'du k ef rdu
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(65)ckEpS f ausmif;om;yJaG wmfjy\em/ (67)ckEpS f w&kwf - Armta&;/ (69)ckEpS f u|e;f qG,t f m;upm;
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a,mufuawmh (1974)ckEpS f ukvor*~twGi;f a&;rSL;csKyf OD;oef@&ŒJ psmye ta&;tcif;rSm a&S@wef;ygcJh
wJh ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif udak rmifarmifww d yf g?
udak rmifarmifww d f -“'Dausmif;om;or*~ taqmufO;D }uD;Ak;H cGw J ahJ e&m awG@widk ;f awG@widk ;f /
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zke;f armf ta&;tcif;wke;f uqkv d &kd &Sd ifawmh 'g &efuek f 0dZm… / odyH̀ wuUov kd &f mZl;rSm jy\em+yD;yg

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 2006 Zlvikd f 19

w,f? 'gayr,fh (74) ZGef tvkyo f rm;ta&;tcif;usawmh tvkyo f rm;awGygvmw,f? &efuek f w

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awmh usaemf wkd@ tygt0ifAsm tJ'gudk vlra_ &;tajccH+yD;awmhEidk if aH &;jyef+yD;awmhpwmyJ/
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yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf t_ &qk&d if yd+k yD;awmhusaemfw@dk wufºuGvmw,f/ tJ'zD Ed ySd w f =Jh um;xJuyJ jyif;jyif;
xefxef v_y&f mS ;r_awG usaemfwkd@ vkyf cJyh gw,f?”
udak rmifarmifww d af jymcJo h vkyd J a&S;wke;f u tpOftvmtawG@t}uHK&Sw d hJ ausmif;om;}uD;
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