2006

'DZD ifbm 15

trsKd;om;_yefvnfoifh_rwfa&;onf
a&;onf t"du
vlhtcGifhta&; _ynf0h r+onf y"ge
trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 0
'DZD ifbm 15
ordkif;pmrsufESm 2006

1991 ckEpS f +idr;f csr;f a&;Edb

k ,fq±k iS f rdom;pk

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 1
 2006
'DZD ifbm 15

Tpmapmifukd

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf(vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJ
rS
atmufygtiftm;pkrsm;jzifh xkwaf 0ygonf

wm0efcpH mwnf; oef Zh ifO;D

pmwnf;tzGJ 0h if aomif;jrifOh ;D / wGwaf ±$/ armifarmifv=S udKif
b¾ma&; oif;oif;vwf/ rmrmjrif(h c)avs c)avsmifusK0d rf
pmpDpm±du
k f jrode;f / cifjrwfo/l ausmv f id_ af t;/ oef ah Zmfrif;
pd;k rd;k Edik f
"gwyf kH rrd;k OD;/ ausmaf usmEf idk (f 2)/ aZ,smrif;xGe;f /
rif;acgiaf usmf
rsuEf mS zk;H ESifh
twGi;f tjyiftqif qefe/D atmifrif;/ ausmaf usmEf idk (f 1)
ykEH ySd /f csKyfvyk /f jzef
jzef ch sd aZ,sm0if;/ aZmfaZmf0if;aX;/ 0if;atmif(2)/
at;Edik /f ode;f ^m%f0if
0if;/ oJvGiOf ;D / oef;pk;d

a&$&wk tm; qufo,

G &f ef
w,fvzD k;H 03-5974-1981/ 090-4532-0568/ 090-6040-8282
zufpf 03-3910-5767/ 03-5952-5790/ 03-3362-1594
tD;ar;vf utzojp@yahoo.co.jp
thaungmyintoo@yahoo.com
tutshwe@hotmail.com
drmmhk@yahoo.com

pmrlrsm;ay;ykd &h ef a&$&wk rS pmrlrsm;ukd }udKqkv

d su±f ydS gonf
'Drdkua&pDpHepf awG;ac:usifo h ;Hk a&;/ vl h
# (303) Villapallet Bldg, tcGit fh a&;av;pm;vdu k ef mqufqHa&;/
1 - 3 - 23 NishiSugamo, trsK;d om;Edkiif aH &;pdw"f gw±f Sio
f efxufjruf
Toshima-ku, a&;/wkd htwGuf taxmuftuljyKonfh pmrlrsm;ukd
Tokyo170 – 0001
av;pm;pGmzdwaf c:ygonf?
Japan

pmrlrsm;ay;ykd &h mwGif uavmiftrnf/ trnf&if;/ qufo, G &f efz;Hk trSwEf iS fh vdypf mrsm;
yl;wGaJ zmfjyay;yg&ef txl;arwWm&yfct
H yfygonf?

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 2
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

rmwdum

qk qk qk aemufausmzk;H

ordik ;f pmrsuEf mS 1

a±$&wktmabmf 4

zcif pw
pwifcaJh om vGwv
f yfa&;wku
d yf u
GJ kd orD;uquftarGcH tif'±;rm±
l;rm±,
;rm S f 5

rdrpd u
kd yf sK;oavmuf
d;oavmuf &dwo
f dr;f &jcif; Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef; 7

anmifjrpfatmufrmS bmawG±rdS vJ aZmfveG ;f 9

jrefrmjynf Zmwfvrf;±y_ o
f r# eef;!Gef ah qG 13

1300 jynfh a±$&wk

&wk&J h ed'ge;f ukx
d ufr;kd 26

owif;ya'om 28

"gwyf o
kH wif; 32

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 3
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

a&$&wktmabmf
ouU&mZf 2006 ckEpS o f nf r=umciftcsed t f wGi;f Yukeq f kH;awmhrnfjzpfygonf// 2006 ckEpS f
umvtwGi;f jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f Y wpkw H ckajymif;vJr_}uD; jzpfay:vdrrfh nf[al om trsm;.ajrmfvifh
csuo f nfvnf;aysmufoOk f;oGm;ygawmhrnf// =uD;rm;xl;jcm;aomajymif;vJr_=uD;wckjzpfay:vmr_r&Sd
aomfvnf; jrefrmEdik if t H a&;udk urBm hukvor*~vjkH cHKa&;aumifpt D pnf;ta0;Y xnfhoiG ;f pOf;pm;
&ef qk;H jzwfEidk fcjJh cif; jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f ae jynfow l &yfvk;H rS0idk ;f 0ef;yl;aygi;f um /wcJeufv_y&f mS ;Edik f
cJah om tjzLa&mifv_y&f mS ;r_ w&yfwdk hu/ jrefrmEdik if pH pftpd;k & ed*;kH csKyfomG ;onftxd rjyKvkyEf idk cf Jh
aomfvnf;/ a&S o h dk ah jcvSr;f us,}f uD; w&yf vSr;f Ekid cf o Jh nf[q k &dk ygrnf//
wEdkiif v H ;kH &St
d rsK;d om;'Drdu k a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf&;kH cef;rsm;ydwfyifr_cHxm;&+yD;/ v_yf&mS ;r_rsm;udk
aumif;pGmrjyKvkyEf idk o f nft h csed tf wGi;f / udkrif;udEk idk /f udku}dk uD; tp&Sdolwdk Oh D;pD;aom 88 rsK;d quf
ausmif;om; vli,f/ vlvwfrsm;.v_y&f Sm;r_onf ppftpd;k &tm;wpkHwckaom twdik ;f twmtxd
touf&_usyaf ponfrmS trSeyf ifjzpfygonf// udrk if;udEk idk Ef Siafh cgi;f aqmiftcsKd h xde;f odrf;cH&+yD;aemuf
wGiv f nf; usefacgi;f aqmifrsm;u v_y&f mS ;r_tcsKd u h dk t&Sed frysufv_waf qmifEidk o f nfrmS / jynfy&Sd t
oHtus,+f ydKifae=uaom Edik fiaH &;acgi;f aqmifqdkot l csKd Eh iS fh Ed_i;f ,SOv f #if csD;usL;bG,&f myifjzpfonf//
jrefrmEdik if w H iG 'f rD u
dk a&pDvdkvm;aom/ Edik if t H wGi;f tajymif;tvJw&yfujdk zpfapcsiaf om
rdrw d dk t
h aejzifh t"duvdt k yfaeonfrmS “ pkpnf;r_tiftm; ” w&yfyifjzpfonf// jynfwiG ;f YtzGJ h
csKyf. tvHawmfatmufwGiw f pkwpnf;ESifh teD;uyfq;kH &efoEl iS fh &ifqdkiaf e&aomfvnf; &efoEl iS fh
a0;aom jynfy&St d zGJ t h pnf;/ vly*k K~ v d tf oD;oD;wdk t h aejzifh “ &efoEl iS fha0;av/ ud, k fhtcsi;f csi;f
uGJav ”[k ajymprSwjf yKp&myifjzpfygonf//
awmiftmz&duwGif e,f(v)qifrif'Jvm; tm%m&&Sv d m+yD;/ vljzLtpd;k &udjk zKwfcsEidk f
onfrmS ol.aemufY tiftm;}uD;w&yf xkEiS x hf nfEiS fhpnf;vkH;pGm wnfaqmufEidk rf _a=umifjh zpfyg
onf//“ tiftm;onf t&m&mudkq;kH jzwfay;Edik o f nf ” [laoma&S;OD;ya0o%DrS ,ae hacwf=uD;
txd usifhok;H ae&aomOya'o=uD;w&yf&Syd gonf// tiftm;&So d t l aejzifh tiftm;rdrx d ufenf;ol
(wenf;) tiftm;rJo h lurdk nfonft h cgr#+ydKifbuftaejzifh oabmxm;vdrrfh nfr[kwyf g// rdrEd iS fh
wef;wl&nfwltiftm;&Sad omoludo k mtodtrSwjf yK tbufvyk yf gvrd fhrnf// rdrdwdk t h iftm;pkrsm;
taejzifh tvHawmfwckwnf;. atmufwGif nDn! D Gwf!GwEf iS fh pkpnf;aomtiftm;/}uD;rm;
aomtiftm;}uD;w&yftjzpf r&yfwnfEidk for#umvywfv;kH /om;pOfrsK;d quf aumif;pm;a&;0g'tae
jzif&h yfwnfaeaom ppftpdk;&tm; 2006 ckESprf qdx k m;ESi3fh 006ckEpS f a&mufonftxd/ wGe;f vSeEf idk f
rnfr[kwyf g//
rdrdwdk t h aejzifh [dt k zGJ h - 'DygwD ponfjzifrh cGJjcm;=u/ ruGJjym;=ubJ/Edik if aH wmftwGuf
pGr;f pGr;f wrHa&S hrw S dkuyf GJ0ifaeaom trsK;d om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ hcsKyf}uD;. tvHawmfatmufYom
rm;rm;rwfrwf&yfwnfaezdk htcsed o f nf usa&mufae+yDjzpfa=umif;E_;d aqmftyfygonf//

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 4
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

(urBmausmf wdki;f rfr*~Zif;}uD;u ‘ESp(f 60)twGi;f tm&So&l Jaumif;rsm;’ qd+k yD; txl;*k%jf yKxkwaf 0
&mrSm‘wdik ;f jyKjynfjyKyk*K~d vfrsm;’u¾twGufvyl *k K~d vf (13) OD; a&G;cs,fwifjywJt h euf tdE, Nd acgi;f
aqmif *ENeD J‹ae±l;/ zdvpfyidk u f ud&k mZeftuDEdk/ tmz*eftrsK;d om;ol&aJ umif; rd[ k mruf&mS ;rmqG'/f
w±kwu f wdeaf &Smufzed /f tif'dke;D &Sm; 'k-orRwa[mif; rd[ k mruf[wfwm;/ AD,uferfAdkvfcsKyf}uD;
Adik ,
k if*D,uf/ a[mifaumiftyk cf sKyfa&;rª;a[mif; qmrma&; rufv[ J dk‹p/f tar&duefAv dk fcsKyf}uD;
ruftmom/ ygupPwefacgi;f aqmif tvD*sif;em;/ pifumylacgi;f aqmif vDurG f,;l polwkd‹eJ‹twl
jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;acgi;f aqmif Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;eJ‹ ol‹&Jo
h rD; jrefrmh'rD dkua&pDacgi;f aqmif a':
atmifqef;pk=unfwdk‹udk *k%jf yKazmfjyygw,f?
tJ'u D ¾rSmjrefrmjynfta=umif;pmtkyrf sm; a&;om;xkwaf 0cJo h l tif'±l;rm&S,fu ‘atmifqef;ESifh
atmifqef;pk=unf/zcifpwifco Jh nhv
f Gwaf jrmufa&;wdkuyf GJudk orD;u tarGqufc’H qd+k yD;aqmif;yg;w
yk'af &;om;wmudk bmomjyefazmfjytyfygw,f?)

tdE,
Nd vlrsK;d tm;vHk;u *EN}D uD;ta=umif;tm;vH;k udk arhomG ;+yD 'grrS [kwf tif'edk ;D &Se;f awGu qlumEdk

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 5
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

ud*k k%jf yKzdk‹ ysuu f u G fw,fvdk‹ awG;=unfph rf;yg? rjzpfEidk fb;l aygah v? 'gayr,ft h J'v
D t
dk jzpfrsK;d [m
vGwv f yfa&;ol&aJ umif;wa,mufjzpfw/Jh +_Adwdo#eJ‹*syefwdk‹&J hzEd ySd rf a_ tmufu jrefrmEdik if Hudk vGwf
ajrmufatmif wdkuyf GJ0ifcw Jh Jh atmifqef;tay:rSmawmh jzpfysuaf eyHak y:ygw,f? atmifqef;&J eh mrnf
[m w&m;0iftoH;k tE_e;f awGxu J z,f&mS ;cHae&ygw,f? ol‹&J h a,mufsm;yDowJrh suEf SmyH[ k mvnf;
jrefrmydu k qf aH wGay:uae aysmufuG,fomG ;+yD?
ol‹tkw*f ludkvnf; trsm;jynfo0l if=unfch iG rfh &atmif ydwyf ifc&H wm ESprf sm;pGm=um+yD? ynm&Siw f OD;
uawmh ajymif;vJvmwJh 'Dtajctaeud“k atmifqef;udak =umufwJah &m*g” vdk‹ onmjyKav&J ?h
tJ'gawGtwGuf tjypfwif&rSmuawmh olwnfaxmifcJhwt Jh zGJ t
h pnf;jzpf+yD; 1962 ckrmS tm%m
odr;f cJw
h Jjh refrmppfwyfygy?J omrefjrefrmjynfoal wGu Edik if zH ciftjzpf atmifqef;udk =unfnKd wkef;yg?
'gayr,fh jrefrmppfAv dk cf sKyfawGtzdk‹uawmh ol[m'Dru dk a&pDacgi;f aqmif atmifqef;pk=unf&J h zcif yJ
vm;? ol‹emrnfuv dk nf;olwdk‹u b,fenf;eJ‹rqdk arhaysmufvdw k myJvm;? vGwfvyfa&;ol&aJ umif;
udk olwdk‹&J v h rf;a=umif;rSm odumQ awmif csayvdrfrh ,f?
atmifqef;udk &efuek +f rdK ah wmfajrmufbuf uDvrdk Dwm(400)avmuf rSm&SdwJh ewfarmuf+rdK h i,fav;
rSm1915ckrmS arG;zGm;w,f? ol‹udk,x f rJ mS awmfveS fwaJh oG; ygvmw,f? ol‹tzd;k [m +Adwdo#udk
awmfveS v f dk‹ acgi;f jzwfuyG frsucf &H w,f? txufwef;pm;&efuek w f uUodkvu f ae olbGJ h&cJw h ,f?
wuUodkvrf mS olurD;cJy?J ausmif;uxGufawmh ol[m ociftoif;udk0ifw,f? ocifawG[m ud, k fh
tcsi;f csi;f emrnfa&Sr› mS ocifwyf+yD;ac:=uw,f?tkypf ;dk olawG+Adwo d #udk vufpm;acswJh tac:t
a0:ayg?h 'kw, d urBmppfrmS ol‹wyfawGu *syefawGeJ‹twl wkduyf GJ0ifcaJh yr,fh aemufyidk f;rSm vGwv f yf
a&;qkdwJh pGpJ +GJ rJ+rJoEdÏM mefeJ‹ r[mrdwaf wGbufu;l ajymif;w,f? pdwjf ref+yD;±d;k om;yGi;f vif;wJh 'J'h dk;orm;
atmifqef;[m urBmppf+yD;umvrSm vGwfvyfa&;&zdk‹ +Adwdo#awGeJ‹ aphpyfaqG;aEG;+yD; vlenf;pkwkid ;f
&if;om;e,fajrawGrmS a&m jynfrrSmyg jynfol oef;aygi;f rsm;pGm&J h av;pm;=unfnKd r_udk&&Scd w Jh ,f?
vGwv f yfa&;&zdk‹ (6) vyJvadk wmhwJh 1947 Zlvdik rf mS atmifqef;eJ‹ tkycf sKyfa&;uufbdeuftzGJ 0h if (6)
OD;wdk‹[m+yKdib f uf&efoal wG&J haoewfeJ‹vyk }f uHowfjzwfwmcHc&Jh w,f? touf(32) ESpft&G,rf mS ol
vky}f uHc&H wm[m jrefrmjynf&J =h urRmygy?J ol‹&J Oh ;D aqmifr_tpGr;f tpeJ‹ =oZmtm%mudk qHk;±H_;oGm;
wmeJ‹twl Edik fi[ H m jynfwiG ;f ppfxJusa&muf+yD;tpdwfpw d ftr$mr$m +yKduGJtm;enf;oGm;awmhw,f?
aemuf (15) ESpt f =umrSmppfwyfutm%modr;f vdu k +f yD;wJhaemufjrefrmjynf[m qif;&JrGJaw/ txD;
use+f yD; ta=umufw&m;atmuf b0awGa&mufomG ;w,f? ppftm%m&Siaf wGu atmifqef;udk vspf
vsL±_csed rf mS omrefjrefrmawGuawmh ol‹udkrarhovdk &ufaygi;f (4˜000) ausmf zrf; qD;cHae&wm
udk }uH}› u›cH aH eqJjzpfwJhol‹orD;udkvnf; rarh=uygb;l ?
pk=unfu ol‹zcifudk “udk,fwidk u f qif;&Jc+H yD; tm%mudktoH;k rcsw/Jh tcGit fh a&; rwyfrufbhJacgif;
aqmif&J h wm0ef,rl u _ dk vufcw H /Jh eufeuf±d_i;f ±di_ ;f ±d;k om;r_r¾dKifrmS pG+J rJcdkirf mwJ/h
udk,af &;udk,fwmxuf wdik ;f jynfta&;udk OD;pm;ay;wJ”h acgi;f aqmifvdk‹*k%jf yK&nf!e¸ ;f ygw,f?
tJ'v D dyk J ol‹orD;[mvnf; zcifenf;wl &JprG f;owW&d So d lvdk‹ jrefrmEdik if o
H m;rsm;pGmu &nf!e¸ ;f
ac:a0:rSmygy?J ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 6
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

1946ck? 'DZifbm (18)&ufaeU? usKdu?rDc&dki?f oHjzLZ&yf ppfoif;csKdif;zGifhyGJwGif vGyfvyfa&; acgif;

aqmifBuD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; ajymcJhaom rdefUcGef;/

(&if;jrpf - THE BURMA- SIAM RAILWAY 1942-45 THANBYUZAYAT, BURMA ON DECEMBER 18TH
1946.)

vGefcJhwJh av;ESpfavmufwkef;u uRefawmfwdkU EdkifiHrSm ppfab;BuD;usa&mufcJhygw,f/

tJ'Dppfab;BuD;eJUtwl *syefppf0g'DwdkU&JU zufqpfpepfqdk;BuD;[m vdkufygvmcJhw,f/
*syefppf0g'DwdkU[m olwdkU&JU puf,E´,m;BuD;udk qufvufvnfywfEdkifa&;twGuf ]],dk;',m;-jrefrm
rD;&xm;vrf;}} MuD;udk azgufvkyfcJhMuw,f/ tJ'Dvrf;rBuD;azgufvkyfa&;twGuf uREkfyfwdkUvlrsKd;awG[m
axmifeJUaomif;eJUcsDNyD; ]]acR;wyf}} tqGJcHcJh&w,f/

az:rjyEdkifavmufatmifMurf;MuKwf&ufpufrIenf;trsKd;rsKd;eJUuRefjyKnSnf;qJapcdkif;cJhwJhtwGuf ]],dk;',m;-
jrefrm rD;&xm;vrf;}} MuD;azgufvkyf&mrSmacR;wyf tvkyo
f rm;aygif; ok;H aomif; uae &Spfaomif;avmuf
[m iwfjywfqif;&JNyD; taoqdk;eJU aoqkH;cJhMu&w,f/

tJ'D axmifaomif;eJU csDNyD; usqkH;cJh&olawG&JU usdefqJoH nnf;wGm;a&&GwfoHrsm; udef;0yfcJh&m ajrjyifudk

tck uREfyfwdkU ajccsaecJh&ygNyD/ 0rf;enf;p&m tjzpfqdk;aMumifhvnf; 'DajrwcGif[m npfnrf;cJh&ygw,f/
uREkfyfwdkU[m pmemwJh todw&m;? pl;prf;od&SdvkdwJh pdwfxm;tjynft h 0eJU a&mufvmMujcif;yJjzpfygw,f/
rMuKHpzl;jzpfcJh&wmrdkU pdwfrcsrf;ajrUemusnf;rIudkvnf; uREkfyfwdkU tjynfht0cHpm;Mu&ygw,f/

uREkfyfwdkUEdkifiH&JU vlom;awGudk *syefzufqpfvl&dkif;rsm;[m tvGeftrif;w&m;vufvGwf jyKcJhwJhtwGu?f

uREkfyfwdkU[m a'gorD; w[kef;[kef;awmufavmifcJh&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh qdk;,kwfolawG[m olwdkU&JU rdkuf
jypfudk jyefcHoGm;&NyDrdkU uREkfyfwdkUtaeeJU jyefajzodrfhp&m&Sdygw,f/

Armjynfoljynfom;awG[m nDnmzszs Edk;Mum;wuf<ucJhMuw,f/ zufqpfawGudk vufpm;acs awmfvSef

wdkufcdkufcJhMuw,f/ 'Dtcsuf[m (rdrdpdkufysKd;oavmuf &dwfodrf;&jcif;) qdkwJh oabmvnf;jzpfcJhw,f/
tNrJwrf;tcdkiftrm wnfwHhaewJhavmu"Hw&m;oabmvnf;jzpfw,f/

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 7
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

vlwOD;wa,muf[m tjcm;vlwpfOD;wa,mufudk ESdyfpufuvljyKw,f/ aoG;pkyfjc,fvS,fw,f/ w&m;

rQwrIudk rsufuG,fjyKw,fqdk&if? 'grSr[kwf EdkifiHwcku tjcm;EdkifiHwcktay: zdESdyfjcif;? acgif;ykHjzwfjcif;?
w&m;rQwrIt00udk csKd;azgufjcif;jyKr,fqdk&if xdkvl(odkUr[kwf) xdkEdkifiH[m xdkrw&m;rItwGuf tjypf'Pf
cwfrIudk rkcsrvGJ cH&pNrJbJjzpfygw,f/

'Dvdk vlwOD;u wOD;ay:rSmjzpfap? EdkifiHwcku wckay:rSmjzpfap zdESdyjf c,fvS,frIawG acgif;ykHjzwfrIawG jyK

vkyfcJhMuvdkUvJ 'DurÇmBuD;rSm 'ku©?awG yifv,fa0cJhwm tBudrfBudrf&SdcJhygNyD/ w&m;rJhjcif;? zdESdyfjc,fvS,f
jcif;? acgif;ykHjzwfjcif;wdkU qufvufwnf&Sdaeoa&GU wkefUjyefvufpm;acsrI[m urÇmay:rSm rMumcPay:
aygufaeOD;rSmyJ/ 'Dtcsuf[mqdk&if urÇmha&;&m tawGUtBuKH tjzpftysufrsm;xJu ay:aygufvmwJh avm
uygvw&m;vdkU uREkfyftaeeJU rSwfom;cH,lygw,f/

,aeUqdk&if uREkfyfwdkU[m aus;uRefyrm tcdkif;tapcH&if; aoqkH;ukefcMJh uwJh r[mrdwfwyfom;rsm;eJU

uREkfyfwdkUEdkifiHom;axmifaygif;rsm;pGmwdkUudk trSwf&wJhtaeeJU 'Dae&mudk vma&mufcJhMuygw,f/ aemifudk
b,fawmhrS 'DvdktjzpfrsKd;? 'DvdkacR;wyfqGJcH&wmrsKd;? 'DurÇmMuD;rSm rawGUMu&apzdkU uREkfyfwdkUtm;vkH; o
abmaygufxm;&yghr,f/
vludk vlu uRefjyKrI? acgif;ykHjzwfrIwdkU b,fvdkykHpHrsKd;eJUrS urÇmay:rSm aemufxyfay:rvmygapeJUvdkU
uREfkyfwdkUtm;vkH;qE´?jyKMubdkUvdkygw,f/

uREkfyfwdkU[m uG,fvGefolrsm;&JU jrifhjrwfaom 0dnmOfrsm;eJU awGUqkHcdkuf olwdkUtwGuf qkrGefaumif;rsm;

awmif;&kHom r[kwfbJ urÇmolurÇmom;tm;vkH; taESmiftzGJU tcsKyftcs,frsm;rS tjrefqkH;vGwfajrmufMu
ygapvdkU qkawmif;oifhygw,f/

'Dvdkqkawmif;&if;eJU wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ vlvlcsif;zESdyfr?I aoG;pkwfcs,fvS,frI? vlrqefrIpwJh tjzpfrsKd;udk

wnfNrJapr,fh zufqpfpepfqdk;[m rnfodkUaom toGifrsKd;eJUbJ&Sdonfjzpfap? urÇmhajrjyif ay:u tjrpfyg
rusefaysmufysufoGm;atmif awmfvSefwdkufzsufoGm;MuzdkU tav;teuf t"d|mefjyKMuygpdkU . . . . ./

( jr0wDpmtkypf id rS ul;,lr#a0ygonf)

pmapmifjzpfajrmufa&; axmufujl yKolrsm;

OD;odef;ZH/ OD;xGe;f +idr;f / OD;aZ,sm0if;/ OD;xG%;f jrif-h a':auoDoed ;f / OD;rif;rif;ode;f / OD;wifatmif/
OD;rif;ausmaf cgi-f eef o h if;oif;jrif/h OD;wGwaf ±$/ OD;oef;Edik -f cifjrwfo/l OD;ausm&f if-a':rkdk;rkd;axG;-
a':rd;k rk;d aX;/ OD;ausmrf ;kd Edik /f a':rmrmoef;/ OD;rif;vGi/f OD;pk;d vGi/f OD;aZmfxGe;f / OD;vSrsK;d / OD;Edik 0f if;/
a':0gcufcufckdi-f a':cifcifp;kd / a':arjzLoDvid_ f/ OD;[efaZmf/ OD;,Ofausm/f a':cifcif0if;/
a':oif;oif;vwf/ OD;aevGi-f a':pkjrwfcikd /f OD;aomif;xGe;f OD;/ OD;wifEG,(f c)OD;xGE;f xGe;f /
OD;aZmfaZmf0if;aX;/ OD;ckid o f ef;/ OD;ode;f ^m%f0if;

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 8
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 9
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 10
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 11
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 12
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 13
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 14
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 15
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 16
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 17
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 18
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 19
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 20
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

(qufvufazmfjyjcif;)

OD;ode;f xGe;f atmif-vufaxmuf uxdu -tif*sief , D mXme? ? vHx k ed ;f rsm;uvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udck rJ sm;ESifh
jyefypf=u?t&yfom;rsm;vnf; tm;wufvm+yD;a&Sw h ufI cJEiS fhypf=uojzifh ygcsKyfEiS rfh rd w d dk@renf;a&Smifae&ygonf?rdru d dk
cJxrd eS f ojzifh ygcsKyfa&m rdrdyg ausmif;0if;xJajy;0ifc=Jh u&ygonf?
taemuf}udK@uek ;f &yfuu G o f m;trsm;pkrmS &dik ;f =uygonf? rdro d nf 1962 ckEpS f pufra_ usmif;om;b0u
wnf;u Tae&mwGiaf exdik cf b Jh ;l jcif;a=umifh aumif;aumif;odygonf? tao;tzGJ@upd P vifr,m;&efjzpfonfh udpP
rsm;wGiyf if 'g;jzifh ckwjf cif; wkwjf zif&h u dk jf cif;enf;rsm;jzifh ajz&Si;f wwf=uygonf?taqmifyidk f&iS u f ,kd wdik f rl;,pfaq;0g;
a&mif;csonfrsm; &Syd gonf? &yfuu G f twGi;f t&ufyek ;f bde;f zJ0idk f;ponfh 'kp&du k rf sKd ;pHw
k dk@ vkyaf vh&ySd gonf?
a'guw f marmifarmif0if;?ygarmuQ-"gwt k if*sief ,
D m Xme? ?13-3-88 ? n9em&Dcef@wiG f ygcsKyfuac:ojzifh aetdrrf S
xGuv f mygonf?bDyt D idk f *dwb f ufwiG f ausmif;om;rsm;udk ulxed ;f ay;aecJyh gonf? tmtdik w f D qdik ;f bk'u f kd zsuaf e+yD[k
wa,mufuatmfaoma=umifh ausmif;om;rsm; rde;f *dwb f ufok@d ajy;oGm;=uygonf?u|eaf wmfppHk rf;&efred ;f *dwfbufo@dk
oGm;ygonf?
rde;f *dwaf &mufonft h cg vHx k ed ;f rsm;a&mufvmygonf?axmufvrS ;f a&;!$e=f um;a&;rSL; Adv k rf LS ;}uD;cif!eG f@ygyg
vmygonf?u|eaf wmfomG ;E_wq f ufygonf?ausmif;xJjyef0ifrnftvkyAf v dk rf LS ;}uD;cif!eG f@ujynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;(Adv k cf sKyf
rif;a*gi)f uu|eaf wmft h m; awG@csiaf =umif; ajymIac:ygonf? jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;u ,ckupd o P nf pmoif=um;jcif;ESifh
vnf;rqdik f Edik if Ha&;ESiv fh nf;rqdik f tjyifvEl iS &fh ef jzpfjcif;jzpfI r_cif;udpEP iS o fh mqdik af =umif; ausmif;om;rsm;udk ajymjy
&ef wm0efay;ygonf? xdk@aemuf tm%mydik x f rJ w S OD;u ausmif;om;rsm;udk ausmif;0if;xJoiG ;f +yD; rde;f *dwu f ydk w d f
vdu k &f efajymojzifh vkyaf qmif&ygonf?
ygarmuQcsKyf&Sd&m bDyt D idk *f w
d o f kd@ av#mufvmpOf udu k f 20 cef@ta&mufwiG f rde;f *dwt f jyifrS aoewfoEH pS f
csuf =um;vdu k &f ygonf? ajcmufv;Hk jyL; aoewfojH zpfygonf? ausmif;om;rsm;u aoewfEiS yfh pfp&mrvd[ k k atmf
ygonf? u|eaf wmht f m; aoewfxrd eS rf nfpd;k I aemufodk@(rde;f *dwb f ufodk@ vSnfh=unfv h udk &f m)tarSmifwiG ;f rSaeI rdrd
tm; ajcmufv;Hk jyL;aoewfEiS cfh sdex f m;onfudk awG@vu dk &f ygonf? 0ef}uD;. rSm=um;csuu f dk ygcsKyftm;ajymjy&efvyk f
aepOf &efuek b f ufrS vHx k ed ;f um;rsm;vmaeonfudk awG@&ygonf?
bDyt D idk bf uftjcrf;odk@ vHx k ed ;f ta,muf 20 cef@0ifomG ;&m wOD;wGif &dik zf ,fvadk oewfrsKd ; yga=umif;jrif
vdu k &f ygonf? t&yfom;rsm;u cJEiS afh ygufonfudk vHx k ed ;f rsm;ubmrSrvkyb f J ausmif;om;rsm;udo k m vHkxed ;f rsm;
u cJEiS jfh yefayguo f nfudk awG@&awmhu|eaf wmftt Hh m;oif+h yD;=unfah erdygonf?xdt k csed w f iG f rD;owfum;rsm;a&mufvm
+yD; a&ESiyfh ufygonf? u|eaf wmfvnf; tkww f w H idk ;f ESifu h rG ;f ,mqkid t=um;wGiyf ek ;f ae&ygonf? ausmif;om;rsm;u
rD;owfum;udck EJ iS afh yguaf epOf rdrv d nf; taqmif(1) bufodk@tjrefxu G v f mcJyh gonf?acwWt=umwGif ayguu f o GJ rH sm;
ra&rwGuEf idk af tmif=um;&ygawmhonf? ayguu f o GJ =H um;+yD; acwWt=um ausmif;om;wa,muf nmbufAu dk w f iG f
aoG;uGurf sm;jzifh taqmif(1)atmufodk@ cg;uke;f +yD; 0ifa&mufvmygonf?u|eaf wmfvnf;tdrjf yefvmcJyh gonf?
'k-Aru wifa&$-tif;pde+f rdK@e,f jynfol@aumifpD OuUX? ?13-3-88 ae@n 9 em&Dcef@wiG f &yfuGuOf uUXrS ausmif;om;
rsm;vlpI k aumifp&D Hk;udck EJ iS fah yguaf ea=umif; &yfuu G u f v dk nf; rD;&d_@&efppD Ofaea=umif; zke;f qufojzifh u|eaf wmfr;D owf
ukd ta=umif;=um; vdu k yf gonf?vHx k ed ;f rsm;&&ef wdik ;f aumifpo D dk@zek ;f quf&m tqufo, G rf &ojzifh wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyfodk@

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 21
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

vHx k ed ;f v$waf y;&ef ta=umif;=um;vdu k yf gonf? rdrEd iS fhAdkv}f uD;atmifp;dk wdk@ pufrw _ uUov dk b
f ufomG ;&m wkwu f idk f
xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;ESiafh wG@ojzifh bDyt D dkif vrf;twGi;f odk@0ifr&awmhaoma=umifh r&rf;uke;f bufodk@ armif;ajy;
&ygonf? r&rf;uke;f wGif wdik ;f aumifpo D dk@zek ;f xyfquf&m OuUXa&m twGi;f a&;rSL;yg tif;pdeb f ufodk@ xGuv f mae
a=umif;od&ygonf?
watmift h =umwGif &efuek b f ufrS rD;owfum; vHx k ed ;f um;rsm;tjyif vrf;av#mufvmaomvHx k ed ;f rsm;
olwdk@EiS t fh wl wdik ;f aumifpOD uUXudyk g awG@&ygonf?vHx k ed ;f rsm;ae&m,l+yD;aemuf bkw-f bkwf rnforH sm;=um;&ygonf?
eHeuf 1em&DcGJwiG f wdik ;f aumifpOD uUXxH owif;ydk@ygonf?owif;ydk@pOf jynfxaJ &; 'k0ef}uD; Adv k rf LS ;}uD; cifarmif0if;
vnf; &Sad eygonf? }udK@uek ;f taemuf &yfuu G wf iG f usL;ausmt f rd af jc 2000 ausm&f +Sd yD; 'kp&du k rf sKd ;pHv
k nf;&Syd gonf?
&JaxmufcsKyf-bke;f jrif?h ? 13-3-88?rae@ujzpfcaJh om &efyGaJ =umifh ausmif;om; 200 ausmu f aumifp&D H;k udk cJEiS afh yguf
a=umif;/ orqdik u f rdk ;D wif&d_@a=umif; rD;+idr‡ ;f owf&efvmaom rD;owfum;rsm;udkvnf; cJjzifah yguaf =umif; wdik ;f jynfol@&J
wyfzGJ@rLS ;&H;k rS owif; &ojzifh rdrdvid_ &f pJ cef;odk@omG ;a&mufcaJh =umif;/
rdrad &muf+yD; 10rdepft=umwGif jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;/ jynfxaJ &;'k0ef}uD;/ wdik ;f aumifpOD uUX/ wyfrawmf
axmufvrS ;f a&;!$e=f um;a&;rSL;/ /&JcsKyf/ &Jowif;wyfzGJ@rLS ;wdk@a&mufvm=uygonf? vl}uD;rsm; ordik ;f vrf;qHo k dk@a&muf
aomtcg trSw(f 7) vHx k ed ;f wyfrS wyfpw k pku }udKwifa&muf&aSd e&m,lxm;=uygonf?(vHx k ed ;f 'kwyf&if;rSL;. xGuq f cdk suf
wGif 0ef}uD; ponfwdk@u vHx k ed ;f rsm;xuf t&if }udKa&mufaeygonf?)rdrdwdk@ wyfjzef@+yD; tmtdik w f aD usmif;odk@ajcv#if csDwufc=Jh u
ygonf? ausmif;om;rsm;u cJ av;*Grsm;ESifh ypfcwfae=u+yD; t&yfom;rsm;uvnf; 'g; vSH rSed ;f wdk@udk udik af qmifxm;=u
ygonf? xde;f odr;f r&ojzifh vHx k ed ;f wyfpw k pkudk rD;owfum; ajcmufp;D aemufr+S cH&v H suf csw D uf&ef &efuek w f idk ;f &JwyfzGJ@
rSL; OD;az=unfu pDpOfcyJh gonf? t&yfom;rsm; aemufqkw+f yD; ausmif;om;tawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; ausmif;0if;xJ0if
ajy;oGm;=uygonf?
odk@aomf ausmif;0if;twGi;f rSaeI ausmif;om;rsm;u wm0ef&ySd *k K~ v d rf sm; rD;owfum;rsm;udk cJrsm;ESiafh yguf
jcif;rsm;jyKvkyaf ejyefojzifh wdidk f;&JwyfzGJ@rLS ;u vHx k ed ;f wyfpw k pktm; vlpck &GJ eftrdef@ay;vdu k yf gonf? wcsed w f nf;wGif
opfyifEiS fh tkwfww H idk ;f udk tumtuG,, f xl m;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rD;owfum;rS a&jzifph yufygonf? rD;owf
um;a&ukeo f mG ;aomtcg ausmif;om;rsm;ydI k aomif;use;f vmygonf? ausmif;om;rsm;.ypfcwfra_ =umifh rD;owf
um; rD;owf0efxrf; &JwyfzGJ@0ifrsm; xdrSe'f %f&m&apcJyh gonf? xdk@jyif tcsKd @ausmif;om;rsm;onf tkwef &H aH y:wufI
vHck snv f eS jf yjcif;/ Edik if aHh cgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; qJqjdk cif;rsm;jyKvky=f uygonf? rdrw d dk@taejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf
q&mrsm;tm;wefqmcHjyKvkyrf nft h a=umif;/jyifyvlrsm;vnf;ausmif;0if;twGif;odk@a&muf&aSd e+yD;vHa_ qmfae=ua=umif;
ygarmuQcsKyfEiS fh q&mrsm;uvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udk xdef;r&awmha=umif; owif;rsm;&ygonf? (q&mrsm;. XGucf suf
wGif Ttcsuv f ;Hk 0rygyg? ykvyd u f sifh ykvyd Of m%fjzifh vDq,fjcif; oufoufomjzpfonf?)
xdt k cdu k w f iG f ausmif;0if;xJrt S jyifodk@ vSr;f ypfonfh “bH;k ”qdak om ayguu f o GJ }H uD; =um;&ygonf?(aumfr&SiYf
xGuqf o dk lrsm;wGif TtoHrsKd ;=um;&onf[k xGuq f x
dk m;olrmS T&JaxmufcsKyf wa,mufwnf;om &Syd gonf? xdk@twGuf aumfr&Sit f
aejzifh tao;pdwfo&d efxrfrH ar;jref;yH&k ygonf? xdktcgwiG f ykvif;xJ"gwq f x
D nfIh ypfaygufaomtoH[kxifjrifa=umif;/ tjyifwiG f yk
vif;udk vdu f rGJ _ a=umifh rnforl # '%f&mr&yga=umif; av#mcsomG ;ygonf?)
k &f mS &mrawG@yga=umif; xdkayguu
vH+k cHKa&;tiftm;rSm 70cef@om&SdI vH+k cHKa&;vdt
k yfa=umif; wm0ef&o Sd rl sm;rS oH;k oyfro d jzifh vlpkrcGv
J #if rsuf
&nf,Adk Hk; oH;k &rnf[k a=unmygonf?(Todk@rypfro D wday;a=ujima=umif; tjcm;olrsm;vH;k 0 xGuq f rdk xm;onft h jyif todray;bJ
ypfcwfonf[kyif twdtvif;xGufqx dk m;=ujcif;jzpf&m aumfr&SifrS &JaxmufcsKyftm; xyfrHar;jref;yHk&ygonf ?Ttcsurf Sm "gwq f yD k
vif;uGoJ v
H dk ayghaygq
h q r[kwfa=umif; Oya'a&;wGifaemausaeonfh &Jaxmufcsyk u f &dyrf o
d jzifh ZGwfyifrSefa=umif; xGuq
f x
dk m;ygonf?
a=ujimoHudk ausmif;om;rsm; =um;EDik f avmufygonf[lI oHo,tudsK;ukd ar#mu f d;k xGucf suaf v;awmh vkyfxm;cJyh gonf? 0efawmhrcH
yg?)ajymr&ojzihf aoewfjzifh rsu&f nf,Adk ;Hk ypfcGJygonf? vHx k ed ;f wyfzGJ@0iftiftm; 30 cef@ausmif;0if;twGif; tkww f H

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 22
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

wdik ;f udk ausmI f ae&m 0if,v l u dk yf gonf?n 12 em&Dausmw f iG f ausmif;om;OD;a&enf;oGm;ygonf?

vufeuftoH;k pm&if;rSm aoewfypfrsu&f nf,Adk ;Hk 6 vH;k /vufypfrsu&f nf,Adk ;Hk 6vH;k ESifh &Drifwef 12bd;k ajymif;
acsmusnf 6awmifw h dk@jzpfygonf?ausmif;om;rsm;ESiv fh x Hk ed ;f wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;t=um; tuGmta0;rSm cef@reS ;f ajcudu k 5f 0cef@
&Srd nfjzpfygonf? Tta&;tcif;wGif u|eaf wmft h aeESiw fh u kd &f udk f trdef@ay;cJjh cif;r&Sb d J &efuek w f idk ;f &JwyfzGrJ LS ; OD;az
=unfuom wdu k &f u dk t f rdef@ay;cJyh gonf? ,ck ta&;tcif;onf u|eaf wmf. yxrqH;k t"du&k%;f ESdref if;a&; tawG@t}Ukh
jzpfygonf?
OD;az=unf-&efuek w f idk ;f &JwyfzGJ@rSL;? ? 13-3-88 ae@n 9 em&D 15 rdepfwiG f }udK@uek ;f taemuf&yfuu G wf iG f ausmif;
om;rsm;rD;&d_@ojzifh rD;avmifaea=umif; owif;&ojzifh vHx k ed ;f wyf&if;(7) rS wyfcGJ ESpcf u GJ dk xdak e&mod@k apv$wv f u dk yf g
onf? n 10 em&D 15 rdepfu|efawmftmtdik w f rD ed ;f *dwo f k@d a&mufaomtcgvx Hk ed ;f wyfzGJ@rsm; }udKa&mufae+yDjzpfygonf?
u|eaf wmfEiS t fh wl ac:vmaom &Drifwefaoewfuidk f wyfz@GJ 0if 12 OD;udk vlpck GJrnfh tzGJ@xo J dk@xnfo h iG ;f ay;vdu k yf gonf?
vHx k ed ;f wyfzGJ@rsm;rSm usnf xGut f m;aumif;aom trf-16 aoewfrsm;udik x f m;aoma=umifh jzpfygonf?
u|eaf wmftmtdik w f rD ed ;f *dwo f dk@a&mufaomtcgjynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;vnf;a&mufaeygonf?(ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;cif
!Gef@yga&mufaeonfuadk wmhxdecf sefxm;ygonf?)wdik ;f aumifprD t S m%mydik rf sm;uvlxu k x dk rd ;f +yD;q&mrsm;uausmif;om;rsm;
udx k ed ;f &efajymcJhygonf? tajctaeudx k rd ;f &eftwGuf u|eaf wmfac:vmaom wyfpu k dk tif;pdev f rf;r}uD;twdik ;f ae
&m ,lapygonf? vHx k ed ;f rsm; taemufbufjcrf;wGif rD;owfum; 6pDuakd e&m,lapygonf?
0ef}uD;ESit fh zGJ@wdk@ bDyt D idk f *dwfbufodk@omG ;onft h cg u|eaf wmhv f x Hk ed ;f wyfzGJ@u vdu k of mG ;ygonf? ausmif;
om;rsm;u vm+yDa[h vm+yDa[h [katmf+yD;cJEiS fhaygu=f uygonf?ausmif;xJrS q&mrsm;xGuv f m+yD; ausmif;om;rsm;udk
xde;f r&awmha=umif; 0ef}uD;xH owif;ydk@ygonf? ypfcwfr_rsm;aoma=umifh 0ef}uD;ESifu h |efawmfwdk@tzGJ@rsm; a&S@quf
oGm;r&awmhbJ pdu k yf dsK;a&;okawoeteD;wGif &yfvu dk =f u&ygonf? ausmif;om;tcsKd @ ausmif;tkww f w H idk ;f ay:wufI
vHjk cnfveS jf y=uygonf? ae0if;vufuidk w f w k &f JawG pef;,kaemufvu dk af cG;awG/ &SL;wdu k af y;&if udu k w f Jh ppfykvyd af wG/
vpm 240 igwdk@qv D m,l =u/ukvm;armif'D iayg [kq=J uygonf?
xdt k csed f rD;owfum; oH;k pDrS vlpck &GJ efa&ESifhyufygonf?cJaygurf r_ sm;ydrk sm;vm+yD; tajctaeydrk dk &_yaf xG;vmyg
onf?xdk@a=umif; vlpck GJ&ef vlpruGyJ gu tiftm;oH;k rnfjzpfa=umif; vHx k ed ;f wyfprk LS ;OD;atmifjrift h m; a=unmcdik ;f yg
onf? wyfprk LS ;uvnf;a=unmygonf? rD;owfum;a&ukeo f mG ;aomtcg cJaygurf r_ sm; ydrk rdk sm;jym;vmjyefygonf?
(ayguv f udk w
f cJh JawG rukefEidk af wmh bl;vm;/ 'Davmufrsm;wJh cJawG b,fu&rvJ tmtdik w f Dausmif;0if;rsuEf mS pmuGi;f jyif[m t*Faw=urf;
cif; tjynfch if;xm;wJh ae&myg?)
rD;owfum;rsm; ydwq f dk@c&H rnfah b;rS tjrefjyefqw k &f ygonf?bDyt D idk b f uf tif;pdev f rf;r}uD;ay:rSayguu f GJ
oH}uD; =um;&ygonf? wdik ;f aumifpt D wGi;f a&;rSL;vnf; cJxrd eS fojzifh ajcESiv fh ufwiG f '%f&m&oGm;ygonf? twGi;f
ausmif;aqmifrsm;qDrv S nf; zsuq f ;D oHrsm;=um;ae&ygonf? ausmif;om;rsm;onf q&mrsm;udk t=uyfuidk faeonf
[ko;Hk oyfryd gonf? xdt k csurf mS owif;ydk@I r[kwyf g?t&yfom;rsm; ausmif;0if;twGi;f a&mufaeonf[k owif;&&SI d
oH;k oyfjcif;jzpfygonf?(bde;f ypfzrf; tuGuq f if wwfwJh ykvdyu f siu fh dk 'Dae&mrSm xkwo f ;Hk vdkuo f nf?)
xdt k ajctaewGif ausmif;om;rsm; ypfcwfra_ =umifh vl}uD;rsm; wyfzGJ@0ifrsm; rD;owfum;rsm; xdcu dk rf &_ aSd e+yD;
touftEW&,fygxcd u dk v f mEdik af =umif; oH;k oyfrdygonf? xdk@a=umifh vHx k ed ;f wyfprk LS ;tm;ac:+yD; vlpkc&GJ ef rcGJygursuf
&nf ,dAk ;Hk oH;k I vlpck GJrnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmcdik ;f ygonf?wyfprk LS ;uvnf; a=unmygonf? xdk@aemuf a=unmxm;
onft h wdik ;f rsu&f nf,Adk ;Hk jzifhvpl ck rGJ &v#if (wyfzGJ@0ifrsm; touftEW&,f usa&mufv#i)f aoewf ajcmufvufjzifh ESpf
zGJ@cIGJ wzGJ@u usnw f awmifEh _e;f jzifh ajr&Syfypfcwf&ef wm0efay;vdu k yf gonf? (ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh q&mrsm;. xGuq f cdk suf
rsm;ud=k unfhyg? rsu&f nf,dkA;Hk ypfuwnf;u ausmif;om;rsm; vlpu
k GJae=u+yDjzpfygonf? a&yef;em;wGiaf rSmufI 0yfaeolrsm;om teD;qH;k wGif

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 23
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

&sdaeygonf?xdo k lrsm;onfvnf; rsuf&nf,dkA;Hk oHpv J #if xajy;rnfo

h lrsm;jzpfonf? aoewfrSeaf om ausmif;om;wdik ;f onf ajy;v$m;&if;
aemufausmrSeo f rl sm;csn;f jzpfygonf &efr&l ef vHx
k ed ;f rsm;ud touftEW&,fjyK&ef }uH&, G cf suf r&Sad =umif; xif&mS ;aeygonf? rsufEmS csi;f qdik f
&efr&l ef xd;k wufvmolrsm; r[kwfyg? xdk@a=umifh wrifowfcsiI f owfonf[k ajym&efom&Syd gawmhonf? Todk@aoG;at;at;ESifh vlrqef
pGm yufyufpufpuf vkycf Jhjcif;a=umifv h nf; ausmif;om;av;rsm; emusn;f csiw f idk ;f emusnf;cJ+h yD; ao&rnfudk 0efrav; awmh bJtepfemcH
I Od;r!$ww J ifc=Jh ujcif;jzpfonf?)
f rf;wdkuf yGq
vHxk ed ;f wyfpkrLS ;u aoewfEiS fh ypfazmufIvlpck aGJ omtcgwiG rf S ausmif;om;rsm;twGi;f bufodk@ qkwcf mG
xGuaf jy;=uygonf? rdru d twGi;f Yq&mrsm;&Sad eygu vma&mufqufo, G &f ef avmufpyDmmESiafh tmfaomtcg q&m
rsm;xGuv f m+yD; ausmif;0if;twGi;f !dE‡ id_ ;f Ir&a=umif; owif;ydk@ygonf? u|eaf wmfwdk@wyfzGJ@rsm; ausmif;0if;tjyifodk@
qkwcf mG +yD; tjyifraS pmif=h unfh aecJyh gonf?eHeuf 5em&Dcw GJ iG f wyfrsm;udk wyfazsmufvu dk yf gonf?
OD;xGe;f &D vHx k ed ;f 'k-wyf&if;rSL;? ? 13-3-88 n 9 em&Dcef@wiG f }udK@uek ;f &yfuu G f rD;avmifa=umif; zke;f qufojzifh
u|eaf wmf acgi;f aqmif+yD; tiftm; 34 a,mufwdk@ ordik ;f vrf;qHo k dk@omG ;ygonf?rdrw d dk@ ordik ;f vrf;qHo k dk@a&mufaomt
cg jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD; / &JcsKyf / &JaxmufcsKyf/ wdik ;f aumifpD OuUXESifh wdik ;f aumifpD twGi;f a&;rSL;(ppfaxmufvrS f;a&; Adv k f
cif!eG f@vnf;yg0ifonf?)wdk@ a&mufEiS afh eygonf? u|eaf wmfu &JaxmufcsKyfxH owif;ydk@aomtcg t&yfom;ESiafh usmif;
om;wdk@ t"du&k%;f jzpfonfh owif;udyk g xyfqifh &ygonf?
xdk@aemuf a&S@q;Hk rS wkwf 'dki;f udik w f yfpw d Ef Sppf w d /f ol@aemufwiG f vufeufuidk w f yfpw d Ef pS pf dwf (vl}uD;rsm;
vH+k cHKa&; twGu)f yHpk jH zifh wyfjzef@vu dk yf gonf? xdyk pHk t H wdik ;f pufrw _ uUov dk b f ufodk@ csw D ufvm&m wyfpw d af emufrS
vl}uD;rsm;yg vdkuyf gvmygonf? tmtdik w f D rde;f *dwt f ausmw f iG f vl}uD;rsm;&yfvu dk o f jzifh rdrw d dk@vnf; cyfumG uGmrS
&yfvu dk =f uygonf? 10em&D 45 rdepfwiG f &efuek f wdik ;f &JwyfzGJ@rSL;a&mufvmygonf?c%t=umwGif rdrv d x
Hk ed ;f wyf&if;rS
wyfprk LS ;'k&t J kyf pcef;rSL;OD;atmifjrifh acgi;f aqmifaom t"du&k%;f ESrd feif;a&;wyfpk a&mufvmygonf? xdw k yfpkwiG yf g
aom trf 16 udik f wyfpw d u
f dk rdrw
d yfpkEiS w fh idk ;f &JrLS ;u yl;aygi;f cdki;f vdu k yf gonf?
t&yfom;rsm;udk tkycf sKyfa&;ydik frS xde;f xm;Edik af omfvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udk q&mrsm;u rxde;f xm;Edik yf g?
q&mrsm;ajymaomfvnf; rxl;jcm;onfo h abmjzpfygonf?r=umrD rD;owfum;rsm;a&mufvm+yD; 11em&D 15 wGif a&
ESiphf yufygonf? ausmif;om;rsm; ydq k v l mygonf?atmf[pfjcif; qJqjdk cif; cJEiS yfh pfjcif;rsm; ydrk drk sm;jym;vmonf? vHx k ed ;f
wyfzGJ@vnf; [dak jy; 'Dajy;jzpfae onf?rD;owfum;a&ukeo f mG ;aomtcg tif;pdev f rf;ray:rS bke;f ueJ ayguu f o GJ w
H ckudk
=um;vdu k &f onf? bmoH[k rodyg? 11em&D 20 cef@wiG f ausmif;om;rsm;at;aq;pGm vlpck G&J ef vlprk cGv J #if tiftm;t
oH;k jyKrnfjzpfa=umif; owday;oH xGuv f mygonf? rnfoal tmfonfuadk wmhrodyg?ausmif;om;rsm; ydI k =urf;vmonf?
aemuf 10 rdepf =umaomtcg vlprk cGv J #if rsu&f nf,Adk ;Hk oH;k rnf[al om owday;oHxyfr=H um;&onf? watmifh
t=umwGif rsuf&nf,Adk Hk;ypfoH =um;&ygonf?u|eaf wmfxed ;f xmonfh &yfuu G f vxl v k nf; a=umuf+yD;jyefajy;=uygonf?
xdk@aemuf aoewfypforH sm;=um;&+yD; t"du&k%;f ESrd feif;a&;wyfzGJ@rsm; ausmif;tkww f w H idk ;f udak usmI f 0ifomG ;=uyg
onf?
t"du&k%;f ESrd feif;a&;wyfzGJ@rsm;u a&yef;wnfw h nfah e&mwGif ae&m,lxm;vdu k =f uygonf?eHeuf 5em&D 45
rdepfwiG f wdik ;f &JwyfzGJ@rLS ;rS wyfazsmufcidk ;f ojzifh bDyt D idk f t&m&Sd &dyo f mESifh pdkuyf dsK;a&;okawoe+cH0if;twGi;f odk@ wyf
azsmufxm;vdu k f ygonf?
vlpck &GJ mwGiyf xrqH;k pnf;&H;k a&;enf;/'kw, d rD;owfyu kd jf zifyh ufaomenf;/wwd, rsu&f nf,Adk Hk;cGaJ omenf;
/pwkwˆ wkw'f idk ;f oH;k pGaJ omenf;/aemufq;Hk aoewfEiS yfh pfI vlpck aGJ omenf;[lI tqifq h ifo h wfrw S x f m;ygonf? a&;
om;xm;aom w&m;0iftrdef@&+yD;rS aoewfjzifyh pfcwfEidk fygonf? ,ckupd q P dkv#if wdik ;f jynfol@aumifpOD uUXrS trdef@
ay;&rnfjzpfygonf?(wdik ;f aumifpOD uUX teD;em;wGif&Sdaomfvnf; vufawG@trdef@ay;oGm;olrmS wdikf ;f &JwyfzGJ@rLS ; OD;az=unfjzpfygonf?
OD;az=unfonf ta&;tcif;vlpck &GJ mwGif trdef@ay;onfh tawG@t}uHk rdrdwiG rf &Syd g [kxu
G f qx
dk m;jyef&m ud,
k fhtvkyv
f nf;r[kwf u|r;f usif

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 24
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

&mvnf;r[kwb f J bma=umif0h ifvkyfygovJ [kar;p&mom usefawmhonf?tajzrSm vl}uD;rsm;tem;wGif&Sdaeojzifh rsuEf mS vdck siv f dk@yg[±
omajz&awmhrnfjzpfonf? rif;rJph &dkuo f nf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;twGif; jzpfay:aeonfr[kwyf g xdyw f ef;tm%mydik rf sm;wGiYf omjzpfae
cJo
h nfudk Ttcsuu f oufaojyaeygonf? w&m;0ifa&;om;xm;aompm/ tqifv h u
dk v
f kyfaqmif &rnfhenf;vrf; bmwckurdk # tm%m
ydik rf sm;bufrS rvdkuef mcJ/H owfjcifjzwfjcifpw
d o
f m r$efxal ecJhygonf?ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; ESijfh ynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;wdk@ tem;wGi&f Sdaejcif; reufzef
usi;f yrnfh v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;wGiv f dk@ i,fxyd af &mufaeyH&k ygonf)
f nf; rsufEmS aumif;&jcif; pdww
OD;atmifjrifh -'k&t J yk pf cef;rSL;wyfprk LS ;trS
;trSw(f 7)vHx
k ed ;f wyf&if;? ?n 9 em&DcaGJ vmuf }udK@uek ;f &yfuu G rf ;D avmif
onf[k owif;t& 'k-&if;rSL;acgi;f aqmifaom wyfpw k pk rD;avmif&modk@omG ;&eftrdef@&?tmtdik w f aD usmif;a&S@ t"du
&k%;f jzpfonf[k owif; xyf&ojzihf rdrad cgif;aqmifaom t"du&k%;f ESrd feif;a&;wyfpt k m; xyfraH pv$w?f tmtdik w f D
ausmif;a&S@ a&mufaomtcg 'k-&if;rSL;xH owif;ydk@&m wdik ;f &Jwyf zGJ@rLS ;vufatmufodk@vv $J udk ?f wdik ;f &JwyfzGJ@rLS ;u trf-
16 udik rf drd wyfpwd u f kd olEiS yfh gvmaom &Drifwef 12 bd;k udik w f yfpwd f ESiv fh Jvu
dk ?f
rD;owfum;rsm;vmaomtcg ausmif;om;rsm;u vm+yDa[hcsuG [knmoHay;v#uf cJrsm;ESifh0idk ;f aygu=f uyg
onf? u|eaf wmfwdk@u rD;owfum;udk tumuG,, f I l wufomG ;ygonf?rDowfum;rsm;a&ukeI f 'v=urf;jyefqw k f
oGm;aomtcg u|eaf wmfwdk@csn;f use&f pfc+Jh yD; vl}uD;rsm;vH+k cHKa&;twGuf um;vrf;ay:wGif wef;Iae&m,lvu dk yf gonf?
ausmif;om;rsm;ydq k v l m+yD; a'guw f idk af wG acG;awG[q k aJ & cJrsm;ESiyfh pfayguf ykq;dk vSejf y vkyaf e=uygonf?(&Jrsm;u cJrsm;
jzifh jyefvSefypfonfuadk wmh xGufqrdk xm;yg?))
11em&Drdepf 20wGif u|eaf wmfwdk@wyfzGJ@rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;u ywf0idk ;f rnfo h abmjzpfaeojzifh (awmf
awmf ,kww Wd efaom qifajcjzpfygonf? ausmif;om;rsm;u ausmif;0if;twGi;f rSm vkx Hk de;f ESiv
fh }l uD;rif;qdkoal wGu tif;pdefvrf;ay:rSm
rsuEf mS csi;f qdik f &ifqidk x
f m;aomtaetxm;jzpfonf? ausmif;tkww f Hwidk ;f u =um;wGijf cm;xm;ygonf?b,fuae b,fvkdywf0idk ;f rSm
vJ ?tmtdik w k m rjzpfEdik yf g?)wdik ;f &JwyfzGJ@rLS ;u u|eaf wmft
f aD usmif;. taetxm;u 'Dvdk0ifk ;f ywfbdk@ qdw h m;ac:+yD; at;at;aq;
aq; vlpck &GJ ef vlprk cGu J tiftm;oH;k Ivlpck GJrnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmcdik ;f ygonf? u|eaf wmfuvnf; oH;k }udrw f idk f vlpk
cG&J ef arwWm&yfcHygonf?xdt k csed favmufwiG f bDyt D idk *f w
d bf ufqrD S 0ke;f qdak om ayguu f o GJ }H uD;=um;&ygonf? ausmif;
om;rsm; xyfrHqv l m=ujyefonf?
wdik ;f &JwyfzGJ@rLS ;u vlprk cGv J #if rsu&f nf,Adk ;Hk jzifh ypfcwfrnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmcdik ;f ojzifh oH;k }udrw f idk f xrfrH
a=unmygonf? aemufxyf 10 rdepfcef@apmif=h unfah omfvnf; xl;jcm;rvmyg?taqmifwiG ;f rS rSeu f oGJ rH sm; =um;&yg
onf? u|eaf wmfwdk@ vl}uD;rsm;vHk+cHKa&; tEW&,fudk pd;k &dr&f onfh tajctae&Sv d mojzifh wdik ;f wyfzGJ@rLS ;u u|eaf wmft h m;
yxr rsu&f nf,Adk ;Hk jzifyh pf&ef vlprk uGyJ gu yxr aoewfudkif 6 a,muftm; wa,mufwawmifEh e_ ;f jzifh ajr&Syyf pfcwf
&ef !$e=f um;ygonf? !$e=f um;onft h wdik ;f rsu&f nf,Adk ;kH jzifyh pfcwfaomfvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;ydq k v l m+yD; tkwcf rJ sm;
jzifh teD;uyfypfcwfaoma=umifh wyfzGJ@0ifrsm; cJxrd eS cf &H ygonf? vltyk rf uGb J J ydq
k ;dk vmaoma=umifh aoewfuidk f 6
a,muftm; usnw f awmifph D ajr&Syyf pfcwfvpl kc&GJ ef trdef@ay; vdu k yf gonf?
ausmif;om;rsm;vlpu k I GJ xGuaf jy;=uaomtcg u|eaf wmfw@dk tkww f wH idk ;f udak usmI f ausmif;0if;twGi;f odk@
0ifa&muf=uygonf? u|eaf wmfwdk@vnf; tajctaeudk apmif=h unft h uJcwfae=uygonf?eHeuf 5em&D 45wGif wyf
azsmufae&m,l&ef trdef@&aoma=umifw h yfazsmufc+Jh yD; wyfudk jyefvnfppfaq;aomtcg u|eaf wmhw f yfrS &Jabmf 20 /
'k-&if;rSL; wyfpkrS 8 OD; '%f&m&ygonf? rdrd t"du&k%;f ESrd feif;a&;wyfrsm; xdn k u umuD0wfp0Hk wf+yD; OD;xkyt f eD
aqmif;xm;ygonf
OD;ausmo f ed ;f OuUX-&efuek w f idk ;f jynfoal umifp?D ? 13-3-88 ae@n 7 em&D 40wGif ygarmuQ OD;armifarmifoef;rS
u|eaf wmfx h H &yfuu G rf ;D avmifr_EiS fh ausmif;om;t"du&k%;f udk q&mrsm;u rxde;f Edik af wmhojzifh pDrefcef@caGJ &;enf;t&
ajz&Si;f ay;&ef ta=umif;=um;ygonf? rdru d jynfxaJ &;'k0ef}uD;ESifh wdik ;f aumifpDtwGi;f a&;rSL;wdk@xH qufvuf t
a=umif;=um;+yD; 8em&Dcw GJ iG f r&rf;uke;f rD;owfa&S@odk@a&mufvmcJyh gonf?vl}uD;rsm;a&mufvm+yD; u|eaf wmfu t&yf

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 25
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

om;rsm;udx k ed ;f &efwm0ef,&l ygonf? u|eaf wmf.arwWm&yfccH sut f &t&yfom;rsm;aemufqw k of mG ;ygonf? 0ef}uD;t

em;odk@ jyefvmaomtcg ausmif;om;rsm;ypfaomcJ a=umifh wdik ;f aumifpD twGi;f a&;rSL;'%f&m&oGm;ygonf?
xdt k csed w
f iG v f pl ck &GJ ef atmfox H u G v f mygonf?+idrrf oGm;yg?'kw, d t}udraf =unmoH xyfr=H um;&jyefygonf?
5 rdepfcef@ t=umwGif 0ke;f [laomayguu f o GJ H rsu&f nf,Akd ;Hk ypf[al om trdef@ay;oHwdk@udk =um;&ygonf? jynfxaJ &;
0ef}uD;ESifh u|eaf wmfwdk@ eHeuf 00 em&D 30rdepfcef@wiG f vdi_ &f pJ cef;odk@ jyefvmcJyh gonf?rdrw d dk@ vd_i&f pJ cef;a&mufrS ynm
a&; 'k-0ef}uD; a'guw f marmif'D a&mufvmojzifh jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;u tmtdik fwo D dk@omG ;+yD; ygcsKyfEiS t fh wl ausmif;om;
rsm;udk xde;f &ef ajymygonf?
ta&;tcif;jzpfymG ;cJv h #if yxr +rdK@e,faumifpD r&v#if wdik ;f aumifpD r&v#if txufodk@tqifq h ifw
h ifjy&yg
onf? xdn k uowif;udk +rdK@e,faumifpx D rH &S onfr[kwb f J ygarmuQO;D armifarmifoef;xHrS &jcif;jzpfygonf? tcsi;f
jzpfymG ;onft h a&;tcif;Y cGijfh yKrdef@wpHw k &mvufrw S af &;xd;k ay;&jcif;r&Syd g?
a'guw f marmif'D ynma&; ynma&; 'k0ef}uD;? ? 13-3-88 ae@n oef;aumifausmrf S 14-3-88ae@ eHeuf 3 em&Dcef@txd puf
rlwuUov dk af usmif;0if;tjyifbuftif;pdev f rf;ray:rSjynfxaJ &;'k0ef}uD;Arucifarmif0if;/&JcsKyfOD;ode;f atmif/ &JrLS ;}uD;
pd;k jrif(h &Jowif;wyfzGJ@rLS ;)/wdik ;f jynfol@aumifpOD uUXwdk@&aSd e=uygonf?ausmif;om;100cef@yifrausmif;aqmifa&S@wiG af wG@
&+yD; 4-5 OD;cef@rSm atmfvu dk f ab;uvufcw k w f ;D vdu
k f vkyaf eygonf?
u|eaf wmfu ygcsKyftm; ausmif;0if;tjyifodk@ac:xkw+f yD; ,ckupd o P nf Edik if aH &; ynma&; jy\emr[kwb f J
&efjzpfonfh jy\emjzpfI Oya't&ta&;,l&rnfu h pd jP zpfa=umif;/xdk@a=umifrh ql&efausmif;om;rsm;tm;ajymjycdik yf g
onf? ygcsKyfuoGm;ajym+yD; jyefxu G vf m+yD;aemuf ajymr&a=umif;awmif;qdkcsurf sm; wifjyaea=umif;ajymojzifh rdrd
ud, k wf idk 0f if ajymrnfqadk omfvnf; ygcsKyf ESiq fh &mrsm;u wm;xm;=uygonf?
eHeufvif;tm;}uD; 2em&DavmufwiG f xdk 14 &ufae@twGuf w&ufwm pmoif=um;jcif;udk &yfqidk ;f xm;&ef
ygcsKyftm; rSm+yD; tqifjh rifyh nmOD;pD;Xme&Sd ,m,DuyG u f aJ &;pcef;odk@ jyefcJyh gonf?
OD;pd;k jrifh enf;jy - owˆKwl;azmfa&; tif*sief , D m Xme?Xme ?13 &ufae@ nwGif ausmif;aqmifenf;jyq&mrsm; tcsed jf ynhf
toif&h Sd aeap&ef wm0efay;xm;ygonf? n11 em&Dcef@wiG f igv;dk rausmif;om;awG[k qJ&if; vHx k ed ;f rsm;um;ay:rS
qif;vm=uojzifu h |eaf wmfonfred ;f *dwt f xdajy;oGm;+yD;ausmif;om;rsm;udt k aqmifx0J if&efajymqdck yJh gonf?ausmif;
om;rsm;txJ0ifaepOf vHx k ed ;f rsm; ausmif;0if;wHwidk ;f ab;wGif uyfIae&m,lvu dk =f u+yDjzpfygonf?xdt k csed fwiG f rd;k ay:
axmifazmufaom aoewfoH wcsuf =um;vdku&f onf? ausmif;om;rsm;ukd taqmifwiG ;f 0if&ef u|eaf wmfu twif;
wdu k wf eG ;f ojzifh tcsKd @u0ifomG ;+yD; wcsKd @rmS ausmif;a&S@ jrufcif;jyif armfueG ;f wdkiyf wfvnfwiG f xdik af e=uygonf? xdo k dk@
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tajctaexde;f vdu k Ef idk fonft h csed wf iG f rD;owfum;jzifh a&pwifyufygonf? u|eaf wmfwdk@buf
utajctaeudx k ed ;f vdu k Ef idk +f yDjzpfonht f wGuf u|eaf wmfEiS t fh aqmifenf;jywOD;wdk@ rde;f *dwb f ufodk@ toGm; armif
zke;f armf ajy;vmonfudk awG@&ygonf? armifzke;f armfu bmjzpfwmvJ[ak r;aeojzifh aemufraS jymr,f rif;tckt
aqmifx0J ifyg[kajy;v$m;&if;jyefajymcJyh gonf?u|eaf wmfurD;owfyu dk jf zift
h xd;k cHae&onfah e&modk@omG ;+yD;ausmif;om;
rsm;udk twif;0ifqyGJ gonf? ausmif;omrsm;u a'goa=umifq h wfqwfwek af e+yD; vHx k ed ;f rsm;ESit fh jyeftvSecf rJ smjzifh
ypfayguaf e=uygonf? u|eaf wmfEiS fh q&mwOD;u ausmif;0if;twGi;f uGeu f &dvrf;ab;wGi&f yf+yD; tajctaeud=k unfh
aeygonf? xdpk Ofvx Hk ed ;f rsm;tkww f wH idk ;f udak usmI f ausmif;0if;twGi;f odk@ 0ifvmcJ=h uonf?
rsu&f nf,Adk ;Hk ypfonft h cg(aoewforH sm;vnf;w+ydKifwnf;vdyk ifxu G af y:vmygonf?)ausmif;om;rsm;
ajy;v$m;ae=u+yD; u|eaf wmfwdk@vnf;ajy;&efjyifpOf ausmif;om; wa,mufvu J somG ;onfudk vSr;f awG@vu dk &f ojzifh xdk
ausmif;om;xHodk@u|eaf wmfajy;oGm;ygonf?ausmif;om;rSmarmifzek ;f armfjzpf+yD;ausmif;a&S@t0dik ;f .Hywfvrf;taemuf
bufjcrf;uGeu f &dvrf;ay:wGiv f aJ ejcif;jzpfonf? ol@teD;wGiw f jcm;ausmif;om;ESpOf ;D vnf;awG@ojzifu h |eaf wmfw@kd oH;k

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 26
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

a,mufyÀ k &dwyf ifwef;udak usmI f cufcufccJ o J ,f,&l ygonf? aoewforH sm;=um;&aomtcg u|eaf wmfwdk@0yfae+yD; t
wGi;f vrf;em;wGif c%em;ae&ygonf? vHx k ed ;f rsm;u rajy;eJ rajy;eJ@[k atmfaoma=umifh qufrajy;&Jyg? xdkae&mwGif
ausmif;om;wOD;vnf;'%f&m&+yD;0yfaeygonf?vHx k ed ;f rsm;urajy;eJ@[ak jymaomtcgxadk usmif;om;uu|eaf wmf'%f
&m&xm;w,f[katmfajymygonf? vHx k ed ;f rsm;u '%f&m&&ifxu G cf [
Jh ak jym&m xdak usmif;om;xGuo f mG ;+yD; vHx k ed ;f rsm;
a&S@a&mufaomtcgx'dk %f&m&ausmif;om;tm;vHx k ed ;f 4OD;ueHygww f w k jf zif&h dkuaf jcaxmufjzif0h idk f;uefx;dk }udwaf ewm
udak wG@&ygonf? xdk ausmif;om;udak c:oGm;awmhrS u|eaf wmfwdk@vnf; 0yfae&mrS armifzek f;armfudk taqmif(1)atmuf
odk@o,fomG ;ygonf? taqmif(1)atmufwiG f wjcm;ausmif;om;rsm; ajy;vmojzifh armifzke;f armftm; olwdk@EiS t hf yf
vsuf ygcsKyfxH owif;ydk@&ef xGuo f mG ;pOf ausmif;om;rsm;aemufrv S u dk v f m+yD; '%f&m&ausmif;om; armifzek ;f armf
aoqH;k oGm;+yDjzpfa=umif; id, k adk jym qd=k uygonf? u|eaf wmfvnf; A[dak qmif taqmifrLS ; OD;bjrifu h o dk mG ;&Sm&m
rawG@ojzihf taqmifodk@jyefvm+yD; tcef;xJrmS yifpw d xf cd u dk o f jzifh ikww f w k x f idk fiidk af evdu k yf gonf?
armifjrifOh ;D -aemufq;Hk eSpf pufrt _ if*sief , D m?
m ?u|eaf wmfonf qif;&Jojzifh ausmif;p&dw&f &ef yefbw J ef;ESifh ausmuf
wHwm;+rdK@e,frsm;wGif usL&Siaf y;ygonf? 13-3-88ae@naewGif usL&Sicf sed fujdk zKwfc+Jh yD; taqmifodk@jyefvmonf? X
rif;pm;+yD;tdyaf epOf qlqn l n H H toHrsm; =um;I tcef;a&S@xu G =f unf&h m bDyDtidk b f ufwiG rf ;D avmifa=umif;od&+yD; c%
t=umwGif rD;+idr;f oGm;ygonf? rD;owfum; rsm;a&mufvmonf? ausmif;om;rsm;u [d[ k 'dk 'D o
D mG ;vmae=uonf? t
aqmifay:wGiv f rl &So d avmufjzpfaeojzifh atmufodk@qif;vmygonf?
ausmif;+cHpnf;&d;k tem;&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;ESifo h mG ;a&mufa&maESmpOf OD;xkyt f eDapmif;xm;aom vHx k ed ;f rsm;u
ausmif; bufodk@ aoewfrsm;jzifx h ;dk csed x f m;aoma=umifh a=umuf+yD; ausmif;bufodk@jyefvmcJyh gonf?a&yef;teD;wGif
u|eaf wmfwdk@px k idk af e =upOf rD;owfum;rsm;u a&jzifx h ;dk yufygonf?c%t=umwGif rD;wef;}uD;rsm;jrif&+yD; azmif;ueJ
azmif;u eJtoHrsm; trsm;}uD; =um;&ygonf?
u|eaf wmfvnf; a=umufojzifh ausmif;aqmifbufxajy;pOf ausmbufryS u l eJjzpfomG ;ygonf? atmif+h yD;ypf
vJomG ;ygonf? igbmjzpfovJ rodb;l [k atmf+yD;jyefxajy;ygonf? ajy;r&awmhbJ vJomG ;ygonf?oli,fcsi;f rsm;u
u|eaf wmfuw dk +GJ yD; taqmif(1)atmufodk@qaGJ c:oGm;ygonf?wtm;emygonf?owdawmhrvpfyg?aemuf &efuek af q;
&H}k uD;odk@a&mufomG ;ygonf?
u|eaf wmfonf ,ckta&;tcif;xJwiG f ud, k w f idk yf g0ifcjJh cif;r&Syd g? =unf&h o Hk ufoufomjzpfygonf?ukov dk u f H
raumif;ojzifhom aoewfreS &f jcif;jzpfygonf?'%f&m&&So d nft h xJ ajcusO;f cwfxm;ojzifh pdwrf csr;f rom jzpf&yg
onf? (udjk rifOh ;D . xGucf suu f dk ,lpOf u &efukefaq;&Hk}uD;wGiaf q;ukocHae&pOf jzpfygonf?)
( pmrl±iS jf zpfaom Edik fiaH &;tusO;f om;a[mif; ukjd rifv h Gif ac: &Jabmfxufr;kd onf ru'w A[kad umfrDw0D if/ pnf;±k;H
a&;ESijfh yef=um;a&;wm0efcHwOD;jzpfco Jh nf? a'gi;f tk;d a0pmapmifwm0efcHt,f'w D mtjzpfaqmif±Gucf J&h if; 2005 ckZeG fv
16 &ufae w h iG f ESv;kH a&m*gjzifh uG,v f eG fomG ;cJo
h nf? )
qufvufazmfjyygrnf

ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ
rsuEf mS zk;H a&mifjyef

jrefrmh 'Dru
kd a&pDta&;ukd t=urf;rzufaomenf;jzifh +idr;f csr;pG f;pGm uk,
d u
f sK;d pGef =h udK;yrf;
k ,fqk cs;D jr‡ijfh cif;cH&onfh tus,cf sKyfpH txD;uset
jcif;a=umifh 1991 ck+idr;f csr;f a&;Edb f jzpf etz.
txde;f odr;f cHae&aom jrefrmhtrsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; a':atmifqef;pk=unf. i,f±yk v f m$ rS
2006 Edik 0f ifbm 11 &ufae Yh ±du k u f ;l xm;aom yk&H yd (f tv,frwfwyfy)kH

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 27
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 28
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 29
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 30
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 31
 2006 'DZD ifbm 15

'DyJ&if;ta&;tcif;.tjzpfreS af zmfxwk af &;twGuf 2006 Ed0k ifbm 30 &ufae u h etz tcGe±f ;kH a±S w
h iG f
qENjyawmif;qdak e=uaom *syefEdkiif H jrefrmh'rD u
kd a&pDa&;v_yf±mS ;aeolrsm;

trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 32
 2006 Ek0d ifbm15

e,fjcm;rJo h wif;
axmufrsm;tzGJ h
u 2006 ckESpf
twGuf xl;c|ef
&J&ifw h Jh owif;
orm;qkukd
jrefrmhEpS f±n S ft
usO;f usEdkiif aH &;
orm; owif;pm
q&m=uD;
OD;0if;wiftm;
cs;D jr‡ivfh kduof nfh
qktyfEiS ;f yGJ

'DZifbmv 10 &ufae@rmS usa&mufcJhwJh vl@tcGit fh a&;ae@rmS 88 rsKd ;qufausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifurdk if;udkEidk u f dk tif',D m;em;
jynfe,f zdk@'0f de;f +rdK@u tif',
D m;em;wuUov dk /f yg*sL;wuUov dk f (IPFW) eJ@ICDB vdk@ac:wJh jrefrmEdik if H'rD du
k a&pD&&Sda&;twGuf
fh a&;qkSounding Voice for Justices' cs;D jrSicfh Jhygw,f? qktyfEiS ;f yGt
v_y&f mS ;aewJEh idk if HwumtzGJ@uae vl@tcGit J crf;t
em;ukw
d ufa&mufvmaom q&m-u;D OD;0if;azESiq fh &m-uD;armifprG ;f &nfwdk t
h m; qkEiS t
fh wl trSww
f &awG &h .?
rpkpak EG;tm;
qkay;yGJusi;f ycsed fY
2006 John
aq;±kw
H ufae&
Humphrey
aom pkpak EG;
vl@tcGifhta&;
qkcs;D jr‡iohf nfh
tcrf;tem;ukd
uae'gEdik fiH
atmfw0kd g+rdK
w
h iG f 'DZifbm
6 &ufaehu
usi;f yjyKvkyf
oGm;.?(0J)
trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ hcsKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJrx
S kwfa0onf 33