GSM Fundamentals

ISSUE 3.2

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

Contents

Basic Concepts of Cellular Mobile System

Channels on The Air Interface Service Area and Number Planning GSM Network Components Radio Technologies

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Objectives

On completion of this section you will be able to:

Name the two different cell types and understand why and when each would be used. Get the concept of frequency reuse. Name the frequency spectrum used in GSM
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CELL

Omni-Directional Cells

Omni

1 1
120 degree

120 Degree Sectors

3
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Cell concept
Signal strength

Rural
Highway Suburb Town

distance

Flexible network planning based on efficiently managed by the Cell : basic service area that can be location nature network Smooth Handover (no service degradation while subscriber moves) One base station (equipment to switch, transmit and receive calls) Frequency reuse (same group of frequencies used in different cells) per cell for comm. between MS and the network Cell boundaries are defined by BS signal strength
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Frequency Spectrum GSM 900 Physical channels

45 MHz duplex spacing

890 MHz

200 KHz

200 KHz x 125 = 25 MHz

t
960 MHz

915 MHz

935 MHz

25 MHz Uplink (MS to BS)

890 MHz

25 MHz Downlink (BS to MS)

915 MHz
200 KHz

For DCS1800: uplink from 1710 to 1785MHz, downlink is from 1805 to 1880MHz 75Mhz each / 374 RF carriers . 95MHz duplex spacing.
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Contents

Basic Concepts of Cellular Mobile System Channels on The Air Interface Service Area and Number Planning GSM Network Components Radio Technologies

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Objectives

On completion of this section you will be able to:

Identify the types of physical channels and logical channels

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Logical channels Logical traffic channels

Logical Channels SPEECH TCH CCH DATA

TCH/HR 7kbps

TCH/FR 13kbps

2.4/4.8kbps(FR&HR)

9.6kbps FR

logical channels consist of the information carried over the physical channel.
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Logical control channels

CCH DCH CCCH BCH

SACCH

SDCCH

PCH

AGCH

RACH FCCH BCCH

Power Control indicator cell ID , LAI , PLMN code List of neighboring cells

Power & timing control RSSI & link quality

SCH

FACCH
Auth. and HO.

Broadcast associated control channels :for information. - Frequency-correction for dedicated cell -Standalone dedicated tochannel,to sendchannels assignment request connection -Slow/Fastaccess : usedchannel : Supports the transfer of data associated with the -Random control channel, used used carrying information during -Paging channel channel, page (alert) MS MS frequency correction. - Synchronization channel, used for SDCCH control channels for BS setup grant channel, used to assign MS frame synchronization and the MS process being carried out on either thededicatedor the TCH. -Access identification.
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Timeslots and TDMA Frames Low Capacity Cell / 1 RF carrier 0

Combined

2
Traffic

Higher Capacity Cell / more than 1 RF carrier 0

4
Traffic

6 0

Broadcast Dedicated

0
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3
Traffic

6 0

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Contents

Basic Concepts of Cellular Mobile System Channels on The Air Interface Service Area and Number Planning GSM Network Components Radio Technologies

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Service Area
System area
PLMN service area PLMN service area
MSC service area... Location area...

PLMN service area

MSC service area... Location area...

......

Base station area...

Base station area...

Radio cell Radio cell

......

......

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LAI

MCC

MNC
Location Area Identification

LAC

The LAI is the international code for a location area. MCCMobile Country CodeIt consists of 3 digits . For example: The MCC of China is "460" MNCMobile Network CodeIt consists of 2 digits . For example: The MNC of China Mobile is "00" LAC Location Area CodeIt is a two bytes BCD code(hex). The value 0000 and FFFF is invalid. For example: 460-00-0011
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CGI

CGI: Cell Global Identification

The CGI is a unique international identification for a cell The format is LAI+CI LAI: Location Area Identification CI Cell Identity. This code uses two bytes BCD code(hex) to identify the radio cells within an LAI. For example : 460-00-0011-0001

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MSISDN

CC

NDC

SN

National (significant) Mobile number Mobile station international ISDN number

CC Country Code. For example: The CC of China is "86". NDCNational Destination Code. For example: The NDC of China Telecom is 139, 138, 137, 136, 135. SN Subscriber Number. Format:H0 H1 H2 H3 ABCD Example: 86-139-0666-1234
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IMSI

Not more than 15 digits 3 digits 2 digits

MCC

MNC
NMSI
IMSI

MSIN

MCCMobile Country CodeIt consists of 3 digits . For example: The MCC of China is "460" MNCMobile Network CodeIt consists of 2 digits . For example: The MNC of China Telecom is "00" MSINMobile Subscriber Identification Number. H1H2H3 S ABCDEF For example: 666-9777001 NMSINational Mobile Subscriber IdentificationMNC and MSIN form it together. For Example of IMSI : 460-00-666-9777001
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IMEI

IMEI: International Mobile Station Equipment Identification

TAC

FAC

SNR

SP

IMEI
TAC Type approval code. It is administered by the type approval center. FAC Final assembly code.It is administered by the manufacturer. SNRSerial number.It is issued by the manufacturer of the MS. SPNot used.
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Contents

Basic Concepts of Cellular Mobile System Channels on The Air Interface

Service Area and Number Planning GSM Network Components Radio Technologies

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GSM network architecture

Permanent White list : data: Temporary
-IMSI mobiles -copy Valid of most of data for active subscribers in VLR -Suppl. service info .

Black list : coverage

OMC

-Authentication key -Mobile status Stolen or forbidden -Roaming & billing info -LAI Gray list :

Other GSM

Faulty mobiles Temporary data:

-MSC/VLR address

-TMSI

PSTN
Base Transceiver Station : the first access point for mobile stations to access the Mobile Switching-Center: :controls one contains IMEI andME identificationto serve is a Base Station BTS Mobile controls one or more BSCs & interfaces BSS to Mobile Station : is a radio equipment (transceivers and manages switching network. TheController Equipment or more BTSs for antennas) needed NSS. It high capacity switch that - Subscriber Identity module contains IMSI,TMSI,LAI,Auth. key each cell in the network. provides handover, cell configuration data.
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Transcoder and submultiplexer

30 x 64k voice channels = 120 x 16k compressed/combined = 2Mbps PCM link

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Contents

Basic Concepts of Cellular Mobile System

Channels on The Air Interface

Service Area and Number Planning

GSM Network Components Radio Technologies

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Security Level: Internal

Objectives

On completion of this section you will be able to know about the following radio technologies :

Diversity Frequency Hopping

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Diversity
Approx. 10 wavelengths When diversity is implemented two antennas are situated at the receiver. These antennas are placed several wavelengths apart to ensure minimum correlation between the two receive paths.
The two signals are then combined, this ensures that a low signal strength is less likely to occur.
Compare or add signals

Resultant Signal
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Frequency Hopping

Each time the BTS or mobile transmits a burst, it does so on a different RF carrier frequency.
Synthesizer Hopping:each timeslot on a given transceiver can transmit at a different frequency Baseband Hopping: each transceiver stays at the same frequency and the data is switched to the appropriate transceiver. time
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frequency

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