Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t cc nguyn t R,X,Y v nh tn

chng bit rng:

Nguyn t R c lp ngoi cng l lp th 3,cha 5e
Nguyn t X ci mc nng lng cao nht l 5p cha 5e
Nguyn t Y c lp ngoi cng l lp th 4 cha 3e
a)1s2-2s2-2p6-3s2-3p3 (R c s hiu nguyn t hoc in tch ht nhn l
15. l Photpho P)
b)[Kr]-5s2-5d10-5p5 (X c s hiu nguyn t l 36+2+10+5=53.Vy X l
It I)
c)[Ar]-4s2-4d1 (Y c s hiu nguyn t l 18+2+1=21.Vy Y l Scandi Sc)
Nu bit 1 nguyn t M c lp ngoi cng l lp th 4 c cha 2
electron th c th vit cu hnh electron v nh tn nguyn t M
c khng ,ti sao?
[Ar]-4s2 (M c s hiu nguyn t l 18+2=20.Vy M l Canxi Ca)
u tin vit tn kh him ng vi lp k cn lp ngoi cng.Sau vit
thm cc electron theo quy tc ns2-nd10-np6 (nu lp ngoi cng l lp th
4 hoc 5) cho n khi s electron lp ngoi cng.
xc nh tn nguyn t, cn tnh s hiu nguyn t ca n bng cch ly
s hiu nguyn t ca kh him trong mc cng s electron lp ngoi
cng.T s hiu nguyn t suy ra tn nguyn t.
Cho nguyn t Nhm c khi lng = 27u ,bn knh nguyn t Al =
0.79 A* .Tnh khi lng ring ca Al theo n v (g/cm khi)
27u = 27 x 1,6605 x 10^-24 g
= 44,8335 x 10 ^-24 g
0.79 A*= 0.79 x 10^-10 m
= 0.79 x 10^-8 cm
V(hnh cu)= 4/3 x 3.14 x (bn knh)^3 (SGK cho)

=4/3 x 3.14 x (0.79 x 10^-8)^3

= 2.064 x 10^-24
d=m/V = 44.8335 x 10^-24 / 2.064 x 10^-24
= 21.72 (g/cm khi)

Cho nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 34,trong ,s ht mang

in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 10,tm s lng mi ht
v k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t X
Tng s ht : 2Z + N = 34
S ht khng mang in : 2Z - N = 10
Thit lp h phng trnh 2 n,ng ni l khng bit gii nh,thch ng
no th t tnh bng u khng th c ly Casio m chin
<=> Z=11 v N =12
=> s p = s e = Z = 11 ht
S N = 12 ht
=>23
Na
11
Cho nguyn t y c tng s ht c bn l 46,y c s khi A=31,tm s
lng mi loi ht v vit k hiu ho hc
Tng s ht c bn : 2Z + N = 46
S khi : A = Z + N = 31
Thit lp h phng trnh hai n
=>s e = s p = 15 ht =Z
s notron = 16 ht = N
=>31
P
15

Cho Cu c 2 ng v : Cu2963 v Cu2965

% ng v th nht gp 4 ln ng v th hai .Tm nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca Cu
Gi % ng v th 2 l x %
___________ nht l 4x %
=> x(%) + 4x(%) = 100(%)
<=> 5x = 100
<=> x = 20 %
=> 4x=80%
__
63x80 + 65x20
ACu = -------------------=63.4
100
Cho M c tng in tch m l -5,607 . 10^-18C .Khi lng nguyn
t tng i l 132,8 . 10^-27 Kg .Vit k hiu ho hc ca M
in tch ca electron l : -1,6 x 10^-19
Ta ly tng in tch m chia cho in tch m s ra s electron
-5,607 x 10^-18
Z =--------------------=3.5 x 10 ^-37 C
-1,602 x 10^-19
Loi ^-37 i ta s cn 3.5 x 10 = 35 ht
V n lc ny ri nu ai hc bng tun hon ho hc th s bit l
Brom . Khi tnh nguyn t khi chi cho mt
==> 80
Br
35
Xc nh tn cc nguyn t X v Y bit khi lng ln lt l
4,48.10^-26Kg v 9,299.10^-26 Kg
Mt bi s cng khng khip,cc bn cn thn nh

Ta c : 1u = 1,6605 x 10^-27Kg
Mun tnh s khi moi ra tn nguyn t th ly khi lng n chia cho 1u
4.48x10^-26
AX = ------------------ = 27 U = 27 dvC => Al
1.6605x10^-27
9.299 x 10^-26
AY =-------------------=56 U = 56 dvC => Fe
1.6605 x10^-27
Cho hp cht A ca nguyn t X c dng c dng X2O3
Phn t khi ca A = 1,694 x 10^-25 kg .Tm X
__
A = 2x + 48 (ng ni khng bit nh)
1,694 x 10^-25
=--------------------=102 U
1,6605x10^-27
Thit lp phng trnh: 2x + 48 = 102 <=>x = 27 (Al)
=>Al2O3
Cho 2 ng v 25 30
R v R
10 10
Tnh % mi ng v v cho bit nu c 8 nguyn t ng v th nht
th th c bao nhiu nguyn t ng v th hai
Cho nguyn t khi trung bnh l 29
Gi : % ng v th nht l x
% ng v th 2 l y
=>x + Y =100 (1)
__ 25x + 30y
A =-------------=29 <=>25x + 30Y = 2900 (2)
100
T (1) v (2) => h phng trnh 2 n <=>x = 20%
y=80%
% ng v th 2 gp 4 ln % ng v th nht nn khi c 8 nguyn t ng
v th nht th c 32 nguyn t ng v 2

10)Cho nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 43 .Xc nh s lng mi loi

ht.Vit k hiu ho hc
Sao m lm y =]] . Chng ta ch c th lp c 1 phng trnh .Khi gp
trng hp ny ta s s dng iu kin bn proton gii
iu kin : ht nhn bn vng th :
N
1 < v = --- < v = 1,5 (Bt buc chng ta phi nh)
Z
<=> Z < hoc = N < hoc = 1,5 Z
Ta c tng s ht c bn : 2Z + N = 43
<=> N = 43 - 2Z
iu kin bn proton : Z < hay = N < hay = 1,5 Z
<=> Z < hay = 43 - 2Z <hay = 1,5 Z
Thit lp 2 bt phng trnh
1. Z < hay = 43 - 2Z 2. 43-2Z < hay = 1,5 Z
<=>Z < hay = 14,3 (1) <=>12,3 < hay = Z (2)
t 1 v 2 => 12,3 < hay = Z < hay = 14,3
Z l s ht p v bt buc n phi lun l s chn ( Z nguyn dng)
=> Z = 13 hay Z = 14
Trng hp 1 : Z = 13 => s p = s e = 13 ht
N = tng s ht - 2Z = 43 -26 = 17 ht
=> 30
Al
13
Trng hp 2 : Z = 14 =>s p = s e = 14
N = 43 - 2Z = 43 - 28 =15
=> 29

Si
14
Nguyn t ca 1 nguyn t X c s electron mc nng lng cao
nht l 4p5.t s ht khng mang in v ht mang in l 0,6429
a)tm s n v in tch ht nhn v s khi X
b)nguyn t ca nguyn t R c s notron bng 57,143% s proton
ca X. khi cho R tc dng vi X th thu c hp cht RX2 c khi
lng gp 5 ln khi lng ca R phn ng. vit cu hinh electron
nguyn t ca R v phn ng gia R v X