1

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4 .

1.1

2 ( - 0,1)
8 ( - 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
10 ( - 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
16 ( 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F)

100010:

:
0 * 20=0
1 * 21=2
0 * 22=0
0 * 23=0
0 * 24=0
1 * 25=32
0 * 26=0
34


(34)
0.
34
0

2
17
1

2
8
0

2
4
0

2
2
0

2
1
1

2
0

34(10) 1000102

1.2

/
.
-
-
-

1.3

Bit:
Byte: 8 (1 byte= 8 bits)
1 KiloByte (KB)= 210=1024Bytes
1MegaByte (MB)= 210 KB= 1048576 bytes
1Gigabyte (GB)= 210 MB=230 Bytes
1 TeraByte (TB)= 210 GB

/ .
bytes.
/ (8,32,64
bits)

1.4 .




.

ASCII
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

 ASCII


copy :
01000011 01101111 01110000 01111001
4 bytes

boy
( (bytes);

 2
/

 / ( Von Neumann)

2.3. .

(keyboard)
(mouse)
(Mark Sense reading)

(Magnetic Ink Character Readers)
(Optikal Characters readers)
(scanners)
(Digital Camera)

2.4
LAZER
(Printers)

(Plotters)

INGJET

(CRT)

LCD

 Laser - Inkjet Printers

.
/
.
/
.
.

Laser
+
+
+

Inkjet
+
-

2.5

Modem

2.6
(main Memory)


(Random Access Memory-RAM)

.
.
.
(Read Only Memory-ROM)
/
/

/

ROM.

(cash memory)

/

(Buffers)

.

2.7 M E(KME)
(Central Processing Unit - CPU)
CPU
/.

CPU

Motherboard


, (Arithmetic and logical unit):

(Control Unit)



.



z
(Buffers):



/
(buses),
.

M othe rboard
M ain M e mory

Ce ntral Proce ssing Unit

0
1
2
3

Arithme tic
& Logical
Unit
Control
Unit

Addre ss Bus

Re giste rs
Data Bus

Primary
Cache
M e mory

Se condary
Cache
M e mory

Ports

I/O

Storage

2 -1

Clock

2.8
/

2.8.2


.
CD, CD-ROM,CD-R,DVD

 CD-ROM
CD,
650
CD-digital audio,
(PCM),
74min.
CD-R,
CD(CD-RW),
(1000)
DVD, -
17GB
DVD-Video:
/
DVD- ROM:

DVD-RAM, DVD-RW+: DVD

.

.

( ,
)
.