SPORTS: STADIUMS General Layout ‘The stadiums of antiquity have never been matches for grandeur the Crews Maximus in Rome, fornstanc, could hot 180000 spectator] but they form the bass for madern sports stachume. The sa ofthe ier ors field ean be based loosely onthe sz of football pie, wrth measurements of 70. 109mn, For ahistics stadurs there should be a running track surrounding the fel (ee page 6001. The bate Shape for the plying area i wsualy similar to the eliptia! shape Used in ancient sacs. Asa rlea stadium spay blow ground Danning. sports grounds must fit wll withthe loa! topography 5nd be designed with good transport links and supply facies iain, bus and wam tation large ear paras ete They should not bested ose o inustial sreas were smoke, odours and nose might create lunpleatantcondtions. Covered end open grounds for versus sports ‘an be combined and integrated into the towns pla, ‘The erentations of ancient arenas were determined by the orth: n Europe today the main axis is usualy northeast to so\th \Wost so that a maximum numberof spectators have the sun atte Backs ~ (@). Access gates are therefore situated tthe east. The turnstiles are postioned so ao direct th sreun of visitors tothe various stadium entry points. Aecess into the stadium is ofen ‘through the embaokment formed trom the excavated earth oF via Stairways leading hay up the traces tos point from which the ‘ows above and below can be reached -*(D. \aruvius recommended fixed gradient of 12 for both seating and Bancing areas a pubic adres sytem a ncorpoated the, of © UsAseamened avout @) Ameena: our the view isthe ony determinant ofthe patient) in staggered soning owe, speiatos In every tow should bo able to see over the head of those in the corresponding twa rows in trot. This results in a parabolic curve. The best viewing conditions are tbe found on he long side’ of the segment "The arival of spctators happens relatively slowiy 80 the widths of entances and stairways have to be eaiulsted onthe basi ofthe low of spectators leaving the stadium, Ths when the ow ate ‘maximum Aecording to research nth Araterdanstadury 3) Jory S000 spectators needs 7 minutes or 420 seconds to leave via th 85m wide step. ln equivalent stadms the times are Loe Angeles, 12 minutes Turin, minutes) Thertore one spectator vies Ammof sticage wid io 251429 = 08 seconds © reer wnt comers Nore ro ae © vanaped steam layout (rin 1 second a 1m wide staircase accommodates 5000_ = 1.25 spectators “The formula giving the staiease width necessary to allow 9 contain numberof spectators fo leave the stadium ina given time staircase with (m)~ _number of epactators ptving te a) 125 Fist aid rooms forthe specttors should be provided close to the spectator area First id wentment for 20000 of more spectators requtes 4st of rooms: treatment and recovery rooms 1S, storeroam 2 {nd two tlets wth vention. For sports grounds with 30000 capa ‘rove an atonal room of 6m? for the emergency ‘Serves ipo, fre brigade) Commentary boxes in the main stand ‘must havea good view orto the ldo ley a each box shoul be at least 15m Behind evry five press boxes a contol room of mis ‘necessary, One ear parking space should be proved for every You Spectators a paces should be alloted for coaches and buses Mein: Accom anangmots in ini aoe © st oan 499z 2 : FH Fy H ry Hy < . i Hy A 490 SPORTS: STADIUMS General Layout SPECTATOR FACILITIES {Al planning must be done in accordance with national ‘teglations| forthe construction and management of meeting places in which the requirements fr access ways, anways, ramps and specter Depending upon the planned capacity, seating is provide either song the tong sie of he ground to take advantage o he shortest Viewing eistance) for eapacties above 10000, sround the whole ‘round. As most events tae place nthe afternoon, the best postion for spectators ison the west side so thatthe sun's othe backs, OC Scie tera aaron ees 25 a bass In ll ther grounds the near grant should ideally be ‘replaced with one which is prabole. In th cave the ate for ating and standing plates is obese using a constuction bese on the spectator’ line of sight In terracing stands the superelevation| ‘shoul be T2em andin rows of seating it shouldbe em» _ ‘vera dopth bam a of which ows of seats (benches) at well as single seats can be planned Seats with back rests offer greater comfort, Depending on the © Meintorced concrate with arrangement of entrances ad ents, esch row can comprise imal rising vows 8 places Seating and standing areas must be separated by fences, For every ‘minimum width of 00 m mut be provided Standing Areas The necessary space for sanding spaces ie ealculated as follows: ‘with of standing space Sm Septh of standing space Gam ‘Again. for evory 750 spaces an escape route etinway. ramp, tat surface) with a ieimum width of 1.08% must be provid. Tallow Standing areas to fil and empty evenly, and to prevent dangerous ‘overcrowding. they should be divided! into groups or blocks of ‘round 2500 plscos. Each block should nave ft own entry/exit pots fand should be separated rom the others by fences, Inside the blocks of standing places, «staggered arrangement of © cron © Smear ‘rust also be ensured tht theres stably song bare wih & a a height of round 110m, between every ton rows of sanding spaces, <= The building industry produces pre-cast concrete steps forthe or onstruction of spectator areas» @) = ee ina of fonourn ger mndisee oe nclned Rol ox wih SS meses mace I i Aosng of and: Covers ary plea one hol bo {he sim. By designing overapping stands the numberof covered seats canbe increased @ Sets one aha et @ mem ough he Olympia, Ban @ section rough sh Vianna Stam‘SPORTS HALLS The planning basics for multipurpose games halls should vec ‘iahiw"|temesseo] take into account the competition regulations of the SES) [ESE | inaividual sports organisations to give the best possible integration of al individval types of activity.» @). Note that anton 4 divisible hall offers more versatility than several separate seoenen [aTae | oY mn rs pases ene eae The necessary sie of the site depends on the area - required for the desired sporting activities and vor [aac [rae | | administration rooms. As a rule of thumb, it can be seme 2 | | estimated as follows: required sports area 2 + necessary et | distance to ste boundary * necessary parking area for 2 | ot | vehictes. The following eneilary rooms and spaces are required coe ral zr-uonr> | nano | © | for sports events: an entrance area with ticket offic, ee {| spectator cloakroom and cleaning equipment room woe 1 | CQ orm per spectator; spaces for” spectators + | (05 04°0.45m per seat, including adjacent circulation vetet | + | + | reat, and, as approprite for quests of honour, press, ado mommy [mame oa [owmmer Pe] Tw] andelevision including cretation eraas:0.75°r0.8-0.85m Fev banat ow ‘| foreach member of the press; 1.8 2.0m per commentary porin oy + | box: 20° 20m per camera platform). A box office ara) | seat 1 ria, emergency services room, adminstation office Sesame] | [Sta| |} | and meeting room wil also be required nomi reas een [ae a © ‘oor ancitery rooms z Hy s HI FA H ry Hy = Pa 4 ¢ H Hy 491