Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Development Manual
Development Manual
2
2 2 3
1.2
4
4 5 6 9 12 13
1.3
Development Manual
1.3.1 Purpose and Intent 1.3.2 Applicability 1.3.3 Governing Authority 1.3.4 Governing Laws and Regulations 1.3.5 Interpretation 1.3.6 Amendments 1.3.7 Approval Procedures
15
15 15 16 16 16 16 17
Development Controls
2.1 Development Control Documents
2.1.1 Specic Denitions 2.1.2 Permitted Land Uses 2.1.3 Site Plan
19
19 21 21
2.2
Urban Design
2.2.1 Townscape, Building Masses and Volumes 2.2.2 Privacy 2.2.3 Subdivisions 2.2.4 Setbacks 2.2.5 Walls 2.2.6 Parking
23
23 23 24 24 24 25
2.3
Farm Development
2.3.1 Permitted Uses 2.3.2 Regulations
27
27 27
2.4
28
28 28 28 29 29 31
Page iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.5 Internal Layout
2.5.1 Courtyards 2.5.2 Natural Light and Ventilation 2.5.3 Planting
32
32 32 32
33 33 34
Design Guidelines
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 General Design Requirements 3.1.2 Approach to Landscape / Site Design 3.1.3 Approach to Building Design
36
36 36 36
3.2
37
37 38
3.3
Urban Design
3.3.1 Townscape, Building Massing and Volumes 3.3.2 Open Spaces and Streetscape 3.3.3 Walls 3.3.4 Farms 3.3.5 Parking Requirements
39
39 40 41 42 43
3.4
44
44 46 46 48 51 54
3.5
Internal Layout
3.5.1 Courtyards 3.5.2 Natural Light and Ventilation 3.5.3 Planting
56
56 57 58
3.6 3.7
59 61
62 64 64 65 65
Page iv
Annexes
ANNEX 1: Site Plans per Precinct ANNEX 2: Development Control Tables per Precinct ANNEX 3: List of Literature
Page v
1 General Provisions
Page 1
1
1.1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Introduction
To encourage the conservation and realization of a desirable and aesthetic environment in the Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah; To encourage and promote development which features amenities and excellence in the form of variations in building types, settings, and the adaptation to and conservation of topography and other natural features; To encourage creative approaches to the use of land and related physical developments; To encourage the preservation and enhancement of land or buildings of unique or outstanding scenic and cultural signicance; To minimize incompatible and unsightly surroundings and visual blight, which prevent orderly community development and reduce community property values. To encourage the continued use or reuse of existing historically or architecturally important buildings and of structures which contribute to the character of the precinct, and effectively prevent their demolition or removal; To prevent inappropriate alterations of buildings of historic value; To assure that new buildings are designed and built in a compatible manner with the character of the precinct in its wider terms; To assure that changes to contemporary buildings and new construction do not detract from adjacent historic buildings.
Urban fabric of Addiriyyah May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 2
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Scope
The scope of the Development Manual is organized in ve parts that together explain the requirements to be met by those intending to renovate and restore buildings in the Addiriyyah Historical Precinct or to construct new ones: General Provisions Following a general presentation of the Addiriyyah Historical Precinct planning concept, general conditions and regulations are explained. Development Controls This section denes specic requirements for the residential, commercial and mixed-use development, and provides minimum standards for associated landscape works. The aim is to control the massing and the quality of the designs of future development. Design Guidelines The architectural design guidelines elaborate on the built form, architectural features and details, materials, colors and texture, which are regarded to be crucial variables requiring consistency in implementation. Prototypes and Examples Several test design examples for selected building complexes have been developed to illustrate the architectural objectives associated with Addiriyyah. The prototypes a housing concept and the central souq show both a more traditionally oriented design approach as well as a contemporary interpretation of a planning task. Annex The annex contains all Site Plans and Development Control Tables per precinct. A List of Literature completes the Manual.
Page 3
1
1.2
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Development of the Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah
1.2.1 Location
Addiriyyah is a settlement located on the Wadi Hanifah to the northwest of Arriyadh, covering an area of about 10 square kilometers. The Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah covers about 6 square kilometers of that area along the Wadi Hanifah, and comprises a group of settlements spread among date palm farms and vegetable gardens. As a whole, the Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah, within its historical boundaries, is one of the most important national heritage sites of Saudi Arabia as for many years it was the capital of the rst Saudi State.
Page 4
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Metropolitan Development Strategy for Arriyadh (MEDSTAR) May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 5
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Page 6
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Aerial view of Addiriyyah - 1403 (1983) May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 7
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Page 8
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Area 1: Al-Turaif Area On the south-western side of the Wadi, Al-Turaif is the jewel of the Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah. The abandoned settlement was the location of many of Saudi Arabias signicant historical events. Main Design Tasks: Establish Al-Turaif as the most important historical cultural site within the Kingdom by continuing to develop museum and interpretative venues within the area. Restore the historic entity of Al-Turaif, including the entry points, edges, boundary walls, centers of activity, etc.
Al Turaif
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GENERAL PROVISIONS
Area 2: Al-Bujairy, Al-Moreeh and Thwaihra Quarters This area is the southern gateway into the Historical Precinct. It also serves the function as a transition zone between the visitors support development and Al-Turaif. This transition is important in experiencing the environment of the wadi and Al-Turaif in their intended contexts. Main Design Tasks: Establishment of the Sheikh Mohammad Bin Abdul Wahab Center comprising the mosque, guidance center, Quran Dara, library, lecture hall, media center and a scholar residence. Upgrade the existing buildings and encourage residential development within the historical boundaries. Area 3: Al-Soraiha and Samhan Area The plan for Area 3 accommodates the visitors support facilities like information center, crafts center, shopping district, food courts etc, while repairing the historic urban fabric. This area will become the center of tourism activity in the precinct. Main Design Tasks Restore this portion of the historical area to act as the active heart of Addiriyyah not only as a cultural center but also as the central commercial and residential district. Follow the historical reference to trace the urban fabric. Area 4: Al-Thahra and Al-Roqia Area The urban design plan for Area 4 provides for improvements to create a desirable living environment for the residents. Main Design Tasks Residential rehabilitation to support a living community. Restoration and refurbishment of existing ruined earth brick structures. New inll structures to consolidate the established urban pattern of development.
Al-Thara and Al-Roqia Al-Soraiha and Samhan Al-Bujairy, Al-Moreeh and Thwaihra
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GENERAL PROVISIONS
Area 5: New Al-Turaif The urban design plan proposes a no-development zone. Main Design Tasks: All actions should maintain the natural and ecological properties of the area and its surroundings.
New Al-Turaif
Area 6: Farms Area The farms sustain the historic use of the wadi valley for agriculture and allow for a recreational use (agrotourism) within this farm setting. The urban design plan enhances this agricultural use and makes the farms more accessible to visitors. Main Design Tasks Maintain the oasis character of the farms and gardens as much as possible. Ensure that future development here is of a type, quality, and density that support the oasis character of this area.
Farms Area
Ensure the maintenance of the escarpment. Area 7: Al-Wadi The Wadi within the Historical Precinct acts as part of the interpretation of the settlements history in the desert and the main visitor gateway to Addiriyyah. Main Design Tasks Provide a continuous cross-section for the Wadi in terms of landscape design and surface materials. Restore and build new ood protection walls according to design guidelines that are based on existing traditional walls.
Al-Wadi
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GENERAL PROVISIONS
Area 8: Ghassiba This is a purely archeological site and will be a destination for visitors and scholars. Main Design Tasks: Provide pedestrian access to the archeological site Provide parking area and small information facilities
Ghassiba
The Wadi
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GENERAL PROVISIONS
The Escarpment The escarpment denes the wadis perimeters. It is characterized by layers of rock, differing in height and ruggedness. Occasional branches of the wadi contribute to the richness of the wadi bank line and provide access from the elevated grounds of the plateau in to the wadi oor.
The Escarpment
The Plateau The plateau covers the elevated grounds adjacent to the wadi. Traditionally, as the higher grounds were not suitable for farming, they were developed as fortied clusters of settlements.
The Plateau
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GENERAL PROVISIONS
Page 14
1
1.3
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Development Provisions
Remodeling Any structure rebuilt or restored shall be considered to be a new structure. If any structure is remodelled it must comply with the specications of the Development Manual. New uses If a use of any structure is changed to another, then the new use must comply with the specications of the Development Manual. Establishment of as new use does not require the existing structure to conform to the lot size requirement. Exemptions The following utility installations shall be exempt from the provisions of the Development Manual: underground utilities and infrastructure, poles, wires, cables, conduits, vaults, laterals, pipes mains, valves or similar equipment for distribution to consumers of telephones, power, gas or water, the collection of sewage or surface water operated by a public utility but not including substations located on or above ground.
1.3.2 Applicability
This Document shall apply to all new developments, redevelopments and alterations in the Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah as given in the Site Plan, meaning any physical change to building structures, whether all or any are publicly or privately, wholly or partially owned or sponsored. New structures All new structures built after date of effect of the Development Manual shall comply with all of its provisions.
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GENERAL PROVISIONS
When discrepancies, inconsistencies or ambiguities exist within the Controls, the Authority shall interpret them and give a decision to clarify the issue.
Heritage buildings Heritage buildings as identied by the Final Urban Design shall be exempt from the provisions of the Development Manual, provided that proposals for their restoration or rehabilitation do not materially affect the height, the lot area coverage or oor area ratio of the building as they would have been when originally constructed.
1.3.6 Amendments
Changes to the Development Manual may be required from time to time. These changes or amendments must accord with the spirit of the Final Urban Design and be approved by the Authority.
1.3.4
Law #1 Law #2
Regulations for Antiquities In addition to this document, the Regulations for Antiquities, issued by the High Supreme of Tourism, Department of Antiquities, apply.
1.3.5 Interpretation
The Development Manual shall be interpreted within the laws of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Where this Manual imposes greater restrictions upon the use of land or buildings than may be imposed elsewhere, their provisions shall prevail.
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GENERAL PROVISIONS
Page 17
2 Development Controls
H
2 F1 H1 E17 E16
F
E10 E7
E15
G1
G2
E9
E8
E13
E
E12 E5 E3 E11 E6 E4 E2
C8
G4 G5
E14
9
C7 E1 C6 C5
80%
D10
D7
9.5 11.5
D8
D6
D9
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
E
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2
2.1
DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
Development Control Documents
LA
A1
A2
A3
625 m
= = =
Building Area: BA = Gross Floor Area: GFA = = Lot Area Coverage: LAC = =
500 m
A1+A2+A3 1116 m
BA / LA 80%
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DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
Build-to Line The build-to line determines the perimeter of the building towards the street frontage. On the ground oor level, setbacks are permitted on a maximum length of 50% of from the build-to line in order to create internal courtyards or light wells.
E5
C8
Building Block A building block determines a cluster of connected buildings. Building Window
E3
C7 E4 E1 C6 C
The building window determines the area in which the building must be situated. Outside the building window, no building construction is allowed. Setbacks from the building window line are permitted. A building window is always 20 meters deep. This is to allow a reasonnable depth of the building structures. Building windows must always be subdivided into building blocks with street frontages of max. 40m length. Between these building blocks, passageways of 8m width have to be implemented. Court Yard / Light Well Court yards and light wells are open spaces inside the buliding structure that are open from the ground oor level to the sky. Any structure in a court yard/light well is only permitted if it does not affect the provision of fresh air and daylight to the rooms adjacent to the court yard/light well.
E2
Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m) Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
D10
D7
D8
B3
D6
D9
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DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
A maximum GFA of commercial / production use may be dened in the Control Tables. Handcraft production and trade Handcraft centers; Trade and commercial use related to handcrafts activities; Residential use related related to handcrafts activities. Market, retail Medium-intensity commercial use, market areas. Governmental Government and municipal services, public and semi-public facilities. Religious facilities Larger mosque, imams housing. Hotel Hotels and hotel-associated uses such as apartments, parking areas, parks and open spaces, service areas; Boarding houses and other accomodation. Educational facilities Schools of general education, vocational schools and colleges, schools for the disabled; Kindergartens, after-school care centers, day nurseries; Youth centers, meeting points for young people.
DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
L21
Legend Residential Mixed use Market / Retail Handcraft production and trade
L1
L20
L19
L18
L17
Religious facilities
L16 J15 J14 L15 J11 J12 L14 J10 J9 J13
80%
L13
9.5 11.5
Building windows are 20m in depth. Street facades must not be longer than 40m. Buildings must be interrupted by openings of 8m width. Location of openings is variable and at the discretion of the site developer and Municipality.
Build-to line
J5 J4
80%
N4
N3
N2
N1
L12
80%
9.5 11.5
9.5 11.5
N5 N6 N9 N7 N10
N
N8 N11 N12 N13 N15 N14
L11
J
J2 L6
L10
L9
L8 L7
L
L5 M6 K16 K15 K22
J1 L4 L3 L2 L1
I12
B3
I11 I9 I10
M
M2
K19 K20
K6
K
K18 K17 K11 K7 K24 K25 K27
K2
K23 K21
K3 K1
I8
I
I7 I6 I5 I4
80%
9.5 11.5
2 9.5
80% 11.5
M4 M3 K26
K4
2
I3
80%
K30
K29 K8 K28
K5
H10
9.5 11.5
I1
K9 H6
80%
H9
H8
9.5 11.5
H4 H7
H5
H
H2 H3 F1 H1 E17 E16
40%
80%
12.5 14.5
N Scale 1:2,000
25m 50m 100m 150m 200m
9.5 11.5
E18 E19 E20 E15
F
E10 E7
80%
G1
9.5 11.5
G2
E9
E8
E13
G
G6 G7
G3 G4 G5 E14 E12
E
E5 E3 E11 E6 E4 E2
C8
2
C7
80%
Building windows are 20m in depth. Street facades must not be longer than 40m. Buildings must be interrupted by openings of 8m width. Location of openings is variable and at the discretion of the site developer and Municipality.
9.5 11.5
E1 C6 C5
C4
80%
D10
D7
C3
9.5 11.5
D8
C2 D6
D9 C1
Building windows are 20m in depth. Street facades must not be longer than 40m. Buildings must be interrupted by openings of 8m width. Location of openings is variable and at the discretion of the site developer and Municipality.
A6
D4
D1
80%
D5 D3 D2 B8
2
A5
80%
9.5 11.5
9.5 11.5
B9 B6
B7 A4 B3
B
2 80%
B5 B2 B4 B1
A3
A
A2
9.5 11.5
A1
B10
Arriyadh Development Authority PO Box 94501 Arriyadh 11614 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AS&P - Albert Speer & Partner GmbH Hedderichstrae 108-110 60596 Frankfurt a.M. Germany
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2
2.2
DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
Urban Design
Volumes
Townscape New buildings shall be compatible with the their surroundings and the historical context of Addiriyyah. Their design, particularly exterior walls and facades, shall be inuenced by adjoining buildings. Building Masses The maximum number of storeys in the Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah is generally two, except for the hotel project in Precinct F. Buildings with an accessible roof may have a roof-top structure covering 25% of the rst oor area. Building height For the typical two-storey building, the elevation above the average surrounding street level must not exceed 9,50 m. The highest point of the roof-top structure including any technical equipment as for example rooftop water tanks must not be higher than 11,5m above street level. The nished ground oor level should not be higher than 30 cm (2 steps) above nished street level.
+7.60m +7.30m +6.80m +11.10m +10.60m +10.10m +9.40m
2,5m 1,8m
1,0m
+4.00m +3.50m
+0.30m +0.00m
2.2.2 Privacy
No structure shall be allowed in any zone unless it can be shown by plans and elevations to the satisfaction of the Authority that the privacy of existing or proposed neighbouring parcels is maintained. The Developer remains responsible for ensuring that the privacy of adjoining neighbours is protected. Existing topography and lot uses must be considered when undertaking development measures. Privacy is to be maintained by an integrated approach to the orientation, positioning, and design of windows and parapet walls. Screens are not permitted as a means of achieving privacy. Overlooking of areas outside the subject site is only permitted if the area proposed to be overlooked is a public open space or commercial development.
May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual
Where the nal inspection reveals that overlooking of adjoining neighbours is possible from the subject lot, the Authority will require that remedial works to prevent such overlooking be undertaken to the satisfaction of the Authority prior to the issue of the Completion Certicate.
Ensuring privacy
3,2m
0,5m
2,8m
0,8m
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DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
2.2.3 Subdivisions
While block outlines are tentatively dened, the division of each cluster into houses is arbitrary. This should be left for responsive development and urbanization of such vacant sites, following the same principles of Islamic laws and regional customary rules (urf ) previously adopted in Addiriyyah to develop its original urban fabric. Thus, the right of ownership and protecting the visual privacy, while developing successively constructed adjacent houses, are the main parameters shaping the clusters internal layout and thus responsible for the shape of the outer walls of the houses and their articulation. The outer edge of the blocks in this area shall follow the historical reference of the urban setting as close as possible. A minimum parcel area of 200 sqm must be respected. Internal subdivision should not result in acute angles of less than 75 degrees. Street frontages of new-built structures shall not exceed 40m in length.
2.2.4 Setbacks
Buildings shall be built to the build-to lines or within the building windows as depicted in the Site Plan. Setbacks are permitted on a maximum length of 50% of the build-to line to allow for internal courtyards or light wells. Overhead projections or oor cantilevers are not permissible in any direction, neither to the roads nor to the neighbours. Exceptions can be permitted by the Authority where they are well-founded.
2.2.5 Walls
Enclosing walls along the lot boundary are subject to all relevant design regulations for external building elements such as for privacy, external openings, materials, colors, textures etc. Lot enclosing walls shall have a minimum height of 3m. Transparent fencing is not permitted.
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DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
2.2.6 Parking
General All new building activities and other signicant land-use changes generating trafc will only be approved if sufcient parking spaces for cars are provided. Location of parking lots Parking spaces must be provided on-site or in a short distance from the site (max. 200m). Parking garages If the provision of adequate parking spaces cannot be achieved outside the building, parking spaces must be provided in an underground parking garage. This usually requires the construction of the garage before the parcellation of the building block. Shading For every four outside parking spaces, one widecanopy shade tree shall be planted to shade the
3,00
6,00
6,00
6,00
Orientation 90
0 3 ,0
0 3, 0
0 6 ,0
0 6 ,0
Orientation 60
6,70 5,50 6,70 6,70 6,50 6,70
6, 00
6, 00
00 3,
00 3,
6,36
5,00
6,36
6,36
6,00
6,36
Orientation 45
3 ,0 0
3 ,0 0
6 ,0 0
6 ,0 0
5,60
5,00
5,60
5,60
5,50
5,60
Orientation 30
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DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
vehicles. Alternatively and at the Authoritys discretion shading structures may also be built.Size of Parking Spaces Parking spaces must have the following minimum dimensions: - Parking space for automobiles: 3.0m by 5.5m - Parking space for automobiles for handicapped persons: 3.5m by 5.5m Required Number of Parking Spaces The following table depicts the required number of parking spaces according to land use, i.e. the generator of trafc.
1. 1.1 2. 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4. 4.1 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6. 6.1 6.2 7. 7.1 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4
Residential buildings Detached houses, apartment buildings and other buildings with ats Buildings with ofces, administration and services Commercial facilities Shops, business premises Supermarkets, shopping malls above 1,200 sqm Kiosks Craftsmens shops, other commercial facilities Meeting places Mosques and meeting places for religious purposes Sport facilities Sports elds without visitor seating (practice elds) Gymnasiums without visitor seating and sports schools, tness centres Gymnasiums with seats for visitors Club houses and properties as far as not listed above Gastronomy and accommodation Restaurants, cafs, snack bars Hotels, boarding houses, other accommodation Health care facilities Hospitals, health centers Educational facilities Primary schools Other schools of general education, vocational schools, vocational colleges, special schools for the disabled Kindergartens, after-school care centres, day nurseries Youth centres, meeting points for young people 1 per 50 pupils 1 per 30 pupils 1 per 35 children, at least 5 1 per 30 seats
Table of parking space requirements
1 for an apartment of 100 sqm GFA; 0.5 per every 50 sqm GFA more than 100 sqm. 1 per 80 sqm GFA 1 per 80 sqm GFA, at least 2 per shop 1 per 60 sqm GFA 1 1 per 100 sqm GFA 1 per 30 worshippers 1 per 250 m sports area 1 per 50 m hall-area or usable area 1 per 50 m hall-area, 1 per 20 seats additionally 1 per 200 sqm GFA 1 for a restaurant-area 40 sqm and less; 1 for each 20 sqm restaurant-part if the total area is over 40 sqm 1 per 4 guest rooms, 1 per 10 staff personell 1 per 6 beds
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2
2.3
DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
Farm Development
Currently Addiriyyahs farms are in a period of transitition from commercial agricultural use towards the use primarily for residential/lodging purposes. This trend should be halted in order not to forfeit Addiriyyahs historic function as a farming community. In order to full this goal an economically viable development framework must be provided.
2.3.2 Regulations
The following regulations apply to building and development activities within this area: On farms with a land area of more than 10,000 m2, 10% of the area may be built upon to accommodate the above-mentioned uses. On farms with a land area of less than 10,000 m2, a maximum of 500 m2 may be built upon to accommodate these uses. All existing plants and trees should be maintained, especially palm trees. Should it, however, be necessary for develoment purposes to remove a palm tree, each tree removed must be replaced by three new trees.
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2
2.4
DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
External Building Elements
2.4.1 Elevations
Building elevations must conform in proportion and design to the neighbourhoods character as illustrated in the Design Guidelines. The subdivision of the wall plane shall establish a rhythm similar to the historic buildings of Addiriyyah.
2.4.2 Roofs
Roofs in Addiriyyah are at and encircled by a parapet wall. Where a roof-top terrace is accessible for residential purposes, 1.80m high parapet walls must ensure that all privacy concerns of neighbouring lots are maintained. Where access is proposed solely for maintenance, access to the roof shall be by trap door or by other forms of restricted access. In this case, parapet walls must only be 1.00m high.
2.4.3 Openings
The location, size and orientation of all external openings has to respect privacy matters. Windows Windows towards public streets must be square or vertically oriented (standing) rectangles. The maximum width of outside window openings is 90cm. The material for external window frames, shutters and door leaves is wood. Roller shutters are not permitted. Shop windows behind colonnades The regulations for window openings do not affect shop windows behind colonnades. Doors The maximum width of door openings is 150cm per leaf, the maximum number of leaves per opening is two. Doors should be treated against weather and termites. No door openings are permitted within 6m of a corner of the building structure to a street.
Example for design of external openings
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DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
2.4.4 Decoration
When using decorative motifs in the Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah, the design must follow the historical patterns and dimensions. A comprehensive guide to traditional building ornamentation in Addiriyyah can be found in the Design Guidelines.
2.4.5 Signage
The location and size of signs shall be consistent with the proportions and scale of the elements within the structures facade. Signs shall be located where architectural features or details suggest a location, size or shape of the sign. Signs shall be placed on the facade area of the ground oor or the facade of the parapet of a rst oor terrace. They shall also be placed consistent with signs on adjoing and opposite buildings to establish a visual continuity among the facades. Wall signs Wall signs are permitted in three principle locations, or zones, on the facade. These are:
Design example for signage
0,50m
0,25m
Above windows/doors: the sign shall be placed at a height of 25cm above the opening and shall be not more than 60cm in height.
0,25m
0,50m
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DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
0,50m 0,50m
0,25m
Above awnings: the sign shall be placed at a height of 25cm above the awning and shall be not more than 60cm in height.
0,60m
0,25m
Within the colonnades: the sign shall be placed on the interior facade of the colonnade and shall be not more than 60cm in height.
In all three cases, the size and proportions of the sign must conform to the proportion of the dening facade element, e.g. window opening, awning, etc., and shall never overlay architectural or structural divisions in the buildings or between one building and another. They should also not obscure, overlap, or cut into any architectural detail. Projecting signs Projecting signs will not be permitted in the Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah.Illuminated signs Illuminated signs are permitted. Illumination must come from an indirect light source, e.g. from behind or under the sign. Spotlights are permitted on the condition that they do not glare any passers-by. However, ashing signs, moving, altering or animated signs are prohibited. Furthermore, the installation of light boxes is prohibited.
May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 30
0,60m
DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
Sign material and colors Signs shall be of wood, metal or plexiglass (transparent plexiglass allowed). The signs color must be compatible to the historical environment as dened in the Chapter Materials, Colors and Textures. Advertising banners are permitted on a temporary basis only.
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2
2.5
DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
Internal Layout
2.5.1 Courtyards
In residential buildings or apartments, one or more courtyards must be available to and usable by the inhabitants. The minimum size of the main courtyard is 10% of the ground oor area. Each side of the main courtyard is to be at least 3m in length. Courtyard walls which are lot enclosing walls must be at minimum 3m high. For these, the same stipulations apply as for enclosing walls, especially regarding privacy issues.
2.5.3 Planting
For every 50sqm of unbuilt lot area - including courtyard areas and light wells - at least one wide-canopy shade tree must be planted and maintained.
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2
2.6
DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
Materials, Colors and Textures
Materials The building material for all new, above-ground external walls and enclosing walls is compacted earth brick. For renovation issues, earth plastering shall be used. Exceptions must be justied and approved by the Authority. Above-ground base walls can be made of Riyadh limestone or of concrete. If concrete is used, the visible portions of the walls shall have a mud brick or Riyadh limestone cladding. Colors and Textures The color for all building elements on the outside of the buldings and walls is the natural earth color (No. Y30R or S2020). Columns, reveals and decorative elements may have a bright white color. Wooden elements, such as door leaves and window shutters, may be decorated with traditional patterns in bright colors.
2.7
Site Services
Technical infrastructure services as for potable water, sewerage, electricity and telecommunication are available at the site. Each respective Developer is expected to undertake the construction of all site works, utility services, landscaping and buildings on the site at his own expense and in accordance with his own plans within specied time limits and in compliance with the requirements of the Authority. Coordinates, levels and sizes of services must be clearly shown on the Developers plans required to be submitted to the Authority in accordance with the Authoritys Development Control Procedures. With respect to the cost of refuse collection, water, power and other utility services supplied to the Land Parcel, the conditions and tariffs of the respective utility agency will apply.
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2
2.8
DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
Demolition Works
No worthwhile building should be lost to Addiriyyah traditional environment unless it is demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt that very effort has been exerted by all concerned to nd practical ways of keeping it. Only then the demolition application can be granted especially when it is replaced by another building also appropriate to the whole context and serving the same function. The conditions and regulations listed below apply when demolishing connected earth houses within the Addiriyyah Historical Precinct. Subject to the regulations are all landowners, contractors, and those who intend to demolish their dwellings or the shared earth buildings, or those who have a demolition permit granted by the ADA. Demolition is to follow all necessary safety measures and is to avoid any future damages to the adjacent buildings When demolishing existing connected buildings, the instructions listed below should be followed: Machinery causing strong vibrations is not to be used due to its damaging effect on existing buildings. Manual equipment is to be used to clear ruins. Heavy transportation machinery should be kept off-site and remain on main roads of the neighbourhood. High-pressure water or air hoses are not to be used in the process of cleaning to ensure the safety of the neighbouring buildings. Existing shared boundary walls should not be removed. Instead a new wall adjacent (not shared) to the existing boundary wall should be built. This applies in particular when existing buildings are being renovated/restored in order to uphold safety requirements.
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3 Design Guidelines
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3.1
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Introduction
3.1.2 Approach to Site / Landscape Design
The existing character of Addiriyyah historical precinct and the nearby areas should be the starting point for the design of all open and green areas. In this sense, grading, vegetation removal and other changes to the building site shall be minimized where natural beauty exists. Large cut and ll and impervious surfaces should be avoided. Landscape treatment should be provided to enhance the building design and other site improvements.
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DESIGN GUIDELINES
tion. This is because care has been taken over time by successive builders to relate each new form to previous ones. This visual continuity has been broken in the last 25 years and new buildings have not been integrated into the traditional sense of place in historic Addiriyyah. However, it should be possible to introduce totally new buildings to evoke and enhance the visual avor of the traditional area provided that it is skilfully done, through the establishment of compatible relationships.
This approach does not mean that new structures have to copy adjacent historic or traditional buildings in detail. Rather, the buildings must blend with traditional architectural qualities, recreating the harmonious urban fabric as the main characteristic of Addiriyyah. This includes using the historic architectural vernacular, as well as interpreting and translating the underlying design principles. The clusters of earth-brick houses existing in the precinct give the impression of careful composi-
3.2
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Traditional urban design has developed efcient solutions to control the climate
Protection against dust-laden wind is a factor to be taken seriously in relation to door and window design. Traditional dwellings have very few external openings and doorways are commonly recessed or setback from the narrow access ways. These are features which help to control and alleviate problems of dust inltration.
Courtyard houses have been the traditional answer to severe climatic conditions
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3
3.3
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Urban Design
Landmarks exist within the garrison architecture of Addiriyyah, which help to mark the skyline of the Historical Precinct: the fortication towers and barbicans mark gateways to historic forts with their typical Najd square-section towers. Another type of tower is the tapered cylindrical tower. The mosque minarets took the form of squared-shaft towers. New Urban Design The Final Urban Design Plan follows the traces of historical Addiriyyah. Wherever possible, the spirit and pattern of the old settlement should be kept or brought back to life.
The urban and architectural character of Addiriyyah is so signicant that it should be preserved to the maximum limits possible. May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 39
DESIGN GUIDELINES
New Urban Design The small streets between the clusters should be designed to support their function as semi-private spaces, related closely to the house entrances. Their design should be oriented towards pedestrian use, allowing only for the entrance of residents cars. Modern elements, such as car facilities, street lights, signage etc. should be unobtrusive and well-designed, so as not to conict with the general image.
Street in Addiriyyah
DESIGN GUIDELINES
3.3.3 Walls
Traditional Design in Addiriyyah Walls are especially common in farms. They are built of dressed stone of varying courses, while other examples might be nished with plain plastering. The only color contrast is that obtained from the contrast between the opening and crenellations, lime-washed or covered with stucco in a bright white color. New Design New walls should be built with traditional materials (limestone and mud). Existing concrete walls should be plastered with mud or painted an muden color. Metal fences should be replaced by walls as soon as they are to be renovated.
Farm wall with inadequate building material May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual
DESIGN GUIDELINES
3.3.4 Farms
Traditional Design in Addiriyyah Planting in Addiriyyah has always been concentrated on the farms and gardens along the wadi. Although dates are no longer the staple food of Arabia, land owners still develop farms with the principal aim of growing the different varieties of palm trees, out of pride in this deep-rooted agricultural heritage. But palms also still have a basic agricultural function, to provide the partially shaded and humid environment for other food-plants: fruits, vegetables, herbs and cereals. So any planting scheme where water conservation is a priority will still be based around palms. New Design The farms are in a transformation period from agricultural use to large residential and lodging uses. This trend should be stopped so as not to lose the areas historic function as a farming community. However, a certain amount of commercial development will be allowed for mainly tourist businesses.
Vegetation in the farms is important for the microclimate in the Wadi Hannifah
Within strict limits, it will be allowed to construct rest houses, tourist residences and support facilities and to provide leisure facilities such as swimming pools and recreation areas.
Palms provide the shaded and humid environment for other food plants May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 42
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Parking inside the building This solution bans the car from the historical townscape. It is recommended to design the garage as an integral part of the house, either with well-designed doors (see chapter openings) or as an open covered space delineated by colonnades.
Parking on the plot If the urban design plan for the plot allows for this, parked cars could be sheltered under a shade roof or under trees in the rear setback of the plot. Obviously, street access must always be guaranteed.
On-Street Parking When permitted in the urban design plan, cars can be parked on the streets. These parking spaces could be reserved for visitors and clients and be shaded by trees or light structures.
Parking on central parking lots If it is not possibile to accommodate parking requirements in the above mentioned locations, private or public parking lots in allocated urban spaces will have to be provided to cover for the demand. Parking lots should always be well shaded, whether by lightweight roof structures or by trees. Security on parking lots can be assured by surveillance or by a good, clearly arranged location.
May 06, 2004
3
3.4
DESIGN GUIDELINES
External Building Elements
3.4.1 Elevations
Traditional Design in Addiriyyah Traditionally there was not much articulation in Addiriyyahs built form. Outer walls were not punctuated by any protrusions, even on the second oor. The drama of shade and light was achieved only through the mews marking cluster entryways. New Building Design A consistent visual identity shall be applied to all elevations of buildings visible to the general public. In these areas, all building elevations shall have an equivalent level of quality of materials, detailing, and window placement. Abrupt ending of architectural details shall be avoided with no radical change in details or features or materials.
Traditional facades in Al Turaif, Addiriyyah
Inadequate elevations in the context of Addiriyyah May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual
DESIGN GUIDELINES
New building design should keep to the tradition of creating plain, calm facades. Colonnades should be only used for public buildings and facades towards important urban spaces. Buildings facing streets shall incorporate pedestrianscaled entrances that provide an expression of human activity or use in relation to building size. Doors, windows, entrances, and other features should be designed to respond to the size of the human body and not give the appearance of anonymity or exaggerative potency.
Proposed design for elevations - left side: mixed use, right side: housing May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 45
DESIGN GUIDELINES
3.4.2 Roofs
Traditional Design in Addiriyyah The roofs in Addiriyyah have traditionally been at; except for singular buildings (e.g. the Turkish bath in Al-Turaif), no cupola have been used. As the historical Addiriyyah is surrounded by higher ground, the roofscape of the settlement is an important issue for the settlements appearance. New Building Design Roofs of modern buildings tend to be congested with technical equipment, such as antennae, satellite dishes and air conditioning equipment. The goal is to avoid technical equipment with high visual impact; no installations should be seen from the street level, nor should they be obtrusive when overlooked from higher ground. The roof should be regarded as the fth facade of the building. The place for technical xtures should be designed in order not to have visual impact on the roofscape.
3.4.3 Openings
Traditional Design in Addiriyyah Generally, the percentage of openings in facades ranged from 8% to 10% of the gross area of the facade. Doors were usually narrow and at their minimum height. They were often preceded with two or three steps. On the ground oor, windows were small and at a high level so that privacy of the inner spaces could be ensured. The proportion of these windows was mainly square. Their average dimension was usually 60 x 60cm, with 15cm white stucco frames.
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DESIGN GUIDELINES
On the second oor these windows became rectangular with the same width as in the ground oor and double height. The windows lintel was sometimes arc-shaped. Window shutters and doors have usually been plain wooden elements, supported by horizontal and vertical beams. They were often decorated by brightly colored, simple, geometrical motifs. Doors might be decorated by a thick, protruded wide frame made of stucco, plain or concise with abstract motifs. Renovation Work As a general rule, original doors and windows should be retained. If they are in poor order, they should be repaired. Replacement should be accepted only where repair is clearly out of question. Where the original door or window or their framing have been lost, efforts should always be made to achieve a replacement which is appropriate to the property and correctly located in relation to the facade of the building. Decorative features should always be retained and repaired as necessary. Original features and detailing, which will sometimes be lost or removed during renovation, should always be carefully respected. Cheap repairs and poor workmanship only accelerate decay and usually result in longer-term problems which lead to much higher costs later. New Design The design of the facade openings should be according to the historical archetype, e.g. small openings with vertical (standing) orientation. Large shop windows did not occur in the Historical Addiriyyah building design. However, as they make part of contemporary daily life, they will be permitted on the ground oor level of new building design.
Shop windows with sunblinds May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Shop windows must be standing format (vertical orientation) in order not to break the scale of the facade. They might be set back from the street and shaded by a colonnade walk. In case no colonnade is forseen, external sunblinds (awnings) above shop windows will be appropriate in some cases.
3.4.4 Decoration
Traditional Design in Addiriyyah Decorative details in Addiriyyah have been mainly achieved through plastered mud brickwork, using various techniques of brick placement, e.g. dogteeth motifs, and openings that formulate decorative patterns, mainly triangular shapes. Medallions and decorative bands made of stucco were also used. Crenellation is a traditional motif for decorating wall cornices. The most common type is the stepped crenellation. As this kind of ornament can emphasize special urban environments, the use of this element should be reserved to buildings of public interest. New Building Design Decoration in the future Addiriyyah architecture should be unobtrusive. It must not necessarily copy the historical patterns, but if copying them, it must keep to the shapes and dimensions as close as possible. On the next page, the exact dimensions of the traditional decoration in Addiriyyah will be illustrated.
Contemporary architectural interpretation of decoration May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Triangle module
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DESIGN GUIDELINES
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DESIGN GUIDELINES
3.4.5 Signage
General Provisions The contemporary practice of signage and advertisement tends to be excessive. Countless signs of different format and material form their own townscape and mask architectural details. The historical townscape of Addiriyyah can only be percepted when signage is based on quality rather than quantity. Therefore strict regulations have been set up for the development of the Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah. Location and Size All signs in the Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah should refer to the establishment they are xed to. General advertisement without reference to the Precinct will not be accepted.
Signs must always be carefully located to respect the architectural form and detailing of the particular building to which they will be attached. Signage should never overlay architectural or structural divisions in the buildings or between one building and another. They should also not obscure, overlap, or cut into any architectural detail.
Proposed signage with sunblinds - section, elevation May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 51
DESIGN GUIDELINES
The allowed location and the maximum size for signs have been xed in the Development Regulations. However, the display area of a sign should only be as big as necessary and as small as possible. The challenge of designing a beautiful, unobtrusive sign in harmony with the architecture should be taken seriously, as this is an important contribution to the townscape of Addiriyyah. Material If signage boards are used, they should be of a material and color that is compatible to the historical environment. Timber boards might be used as well as transparent plexiglass boards. Plastic boards are only the second best solution. The color of the board should be an earthen or dark color, but never glaring. Signage boards should be xed directly to the wall. Single letters xed or painted directly above a shop window and advertising material placed inside the building is preferable to a sign board. Letters might be made of plastics, but an upscale design will employ metal, processed with special nishing. Protrusions, cantilever arms or standing signs are no favored solutions because they disturb the calm and smooth expression of the typical Addiriyyah facades. Advertising banners should be discouraged. However, for temporary advertisement this kind of signs might be employed.
Well-designed shop signs May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 52 Unobtrusive design achieved through lettering
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Illumination Illumination of signage should be indirect, e.g. from behind or under the sign. Spotlights are a good solution as well, as long they do not glare any passers-by. Illumination in Addiriyyah has to be free from any moving, altering, blinking or ashing effects. Furthermore, the installation of light boxes will not be accepted.
Good examples for the illumination of shop signs May 06, 2004
DESIGN GUIDELINES
1,50m
Proposed solution for the placement of water tanks - section through a building roof Page 54
1,50m
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Antennae, satellite TV The transmission of TV programs will be provided by cable. All buildings in the Historical Precinct will be offered a connection to this network. For new buildings, the use of this network is obligatory. Cables Cable risers should, wherever possible, occupy re-entrant angles or the space behind down pipes or immediately beneath string or band courses, or follow the line of other pipes and cabling. Exposed cable runs should be kept to a minimum. All proposals should seek to have the least physical and visual impact upon historic fabric. The presence on a principal facade of existing cabling or on another facade of badly located cabling does not justify the addition of further cabling which will make an unsatisfactory situation worse. Telecommunication Installations Telecommunication companies installing equipment should operate under a particular license. A license may, for example, require that within conservation areas all service lines are installed underground and not carried above ground on poles, unless the telephone wooden trunks are considered to be a constituent characteristic feature especially in the historic area 1, some parts of area 2, and the rural area 6 where such xtures were rst introduced in the rst half of the 20th century and they still preserve their original xtures. External Plumbing and Flues External rainwater drain pipes should not be exposed. Rainwater drainage on the roof can be achieved by tube-shape waterspouts made of wood. Generally, plumbing should not be exposed, especially on the principal facades. Plastic pipe work should not be used externally because of its unsatisfactory appearance and possible leakage or damage by vandalism. Cash Dispensing Machines Cash dispensing machines (ATMs) should be accommodated within existing openings, or be xed in a carefully designed compartment that respects the facade.
Obtrusive cable and communications installations
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3.5
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Internal Layout
3.5.1 Courtyards
Traditional Design in Addiriyyah The central courtyard has been the most distinctive element to secure illumination and ventilation in the different building types. It provides privacy for the individual household and acts as a lter for dust and noise, thus providing an ideal method of moderating climatic extremes. It is the key element marking the plan of any house and distinguishing the urban tissue in Addiriyyah. New Building Design Inner courts should be employed as the main illumination and ventilation source for the houses, respecting the architectural typology of the traditional Addiriyyah mansions; this should comply with the void-solid ratio distinguishing the Addiriyyah traditional architecture. The building could utilize a central open-air court or several smaller courts. providing sun, light and ventilation. The following matters shall be given high priority in the courtyard design: Adaptive open space designs which keeps water and maintenance needs low. Tree planting, wherever possible, to achieve maximum shading and microclimatic effects without excessive water demands. No asphalting and dark colored surfaces to minimise heat radiation. The use of pergolas, light roofs and tent structures to create shaded courtyard areas adaptable for recreational use.
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DESIGN GUIDELINES
Swivel Scoop Ducting Hot Air Cooler Pads Water Tank Pump System
Since protected from the morning sun, all surrounding spaces stay cool till well into the day.
Chimney
Once the sun reaches the court, the air heats up and rises, creating convection currents and cross-ventilation, particularly when the surrounding spaces have secondary ventilation openings from adjacent narrow and cool alleys. Wind scoops and wind towers were uncommon in the Najd region.
May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 57
DESIGN GUIDELINES
3.5.3 Planting
Traditional Design in Addiriyyah Courtyards in old houses in Addiriyyah were often planted with small fruit trees such as lemon or pomgranate trees, as well as even a single date palm. Trees and hedges around the house and in the courtyard block the air movement and the speed of the wind with their foliage mass, and thus act as shelter from unpleasant winds, creating high and low pressure zones. New Design The microclimate in the courtyards can be considerably ameliorated by providing plants and water features. Plants lter sand and dust; act as a noise buffer and reduce the brightness and intensity of sunlight whilst lowering the heat reection of uncovered ground. By evaporating water, plants help to cool the air inside the courtyard. The same cooling effect will be achieved by a water basin or a fountain.
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3.6
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Materials, Colors and Textures
Traditional Design in Addiriyyah Surface treatment in Addiriyyah varied signicantly using different types of stone masonry, in wide and narrow courses or even alternately used with mud bricks. However, the most common surface treatment in Addiriyyah was plain plastering covering the stone or brick work. The regular texture is a smooth-nish mud plastering covering ne courses of mud bricks. Occasionally medium and hard textures are obtained, depending on the plastered construction materials, (rubble of stone or rough stone masonry); however, these variations are mostly common in farm structures and fences. Stones (rubble and complete stones) and mud bricks depend on the type of the building and the location. On rocky outcrops, buildings had a stone base. Stone might be also used in the lower courses of the ground oor to be followed by mud-brick courses. Reeds and tree trunks were also used for shades, porticos, and ceilings. Gypsum stucco was used to balance the visual monotony which occurred due to employing, almost solely, mud plastering. Lime wash was also used to paint in white some features especially those located on the upper parts of the facade, such as crenellations, as well as frames to openings. Windows and doors were made of natural wood left unnished, plain or decorated with bright colors (red, blue and yellow), These were the only places in a buildings elevation exhibiting bright colors.
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DESIGN GUIDELINES
New Building Design As regards the outside of the buildings, materials, colors and textures should keep to the traditional Addiriyyah appearance. The traditional color scale should be used for all outside building elements: natural mud colour for walls; white for ornament, for wall exclusions and accompaniment of openings; bright colors for traditional painted motifs on wooden elements. Modern metal elements such as letter boxes, signs, etc. could be painted unobtrusively in a dark anthracite gray or black. Inside the buildings and in the courtyards, however, the range of nishing can be more freely interpreted. Courtyards could, for example, have a more contemporary design, e.g. large openings with glass facades, sash windows, exible shadow elements, modern lighting elements or water features.
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3.7
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Building with Earth
Ancient City of Shibam, Yemen, 16/17 century, built with natural earth material
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DESIGN GUIDELINES
Effect of water If loam becomes wet it swells and changes from a solid to a plastic stage. The swelling of loam when in contact with water and its shrinking when drying out is disadvantageous for its use as a building material. Swelling only occurs if loam comes into direct contact with so much water that it loses its solid stage. The absorption of humidity from the air, however, does not lead to swelling. Effect of vapor While loam in contact with water swells and gets weak, under the inuence of vapor it absorbs the humidity but remains solid and retains its rigidity without swelling. The humidity balancing effect of loam Porous material has the ability to absorb humidity from the ambient air and to desorb humidity into the air, thereby bringing about a humidity balance in the room climate. The equilibrium moisture content depends on the temperature and the humidity of the ambient air. The effectiveness of this balancing process also depends upon the speed of the absorption or desorption. The absorption curves from both sides of 11.5 cm thick unplastered walls of different materials over 16 days are shown in the gure to the right. The results show that mud bricks absorbed 50 times as much moisture as solid bricks burnt under high temperature. Inuence of heat The common perception that mud is a very good material for thermal insulation cannot be proved. A massive wall of rammed mud without straw or other light aggregates has nearly the same insulating effect as a massive wall of burnt bricks. The volume of air entrained in the pores of a material and its humidity are relevant for the thermal insulation effect. The lighter the material, the more its thermal insulation, and the more humid the material, the lower is its insulating effect.
Absorption curves of different building materials May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 62
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Decrement factor and time lag Decrement factor and time lag are the characteristics of an exterior wall of a building to damp, and delay the outside temperature amplitude to the interior. A wall with a high thermal storage capacity creates a large time lag and decrement of the heat, while a wall with high thermal insulation reduces only the temperature amplitude. Thermal capacity In a climate with hot days and cold nights in which the average temperature lies within the comfort zone (usually 18 to 27C) thermal capacity is very important to create a comfortable indoor atmosphere. In the gures to the right, the effect of the material and the form of the building on the interior climate is shown by readings from two test buildings of equal volume constructed in 1964 in Cairo, Egypt. One was built of 50 cm thick mud walls and mud brick vaults, and the other of 10 cm thick precast concrete elements with a at roof. While the diurnal variation of the outside temperature was 13C, the temperature inside the mud house varied only by 4C, and in the concrete house, the variation was 16C. Thus, the amplitude was four times as much in the concrete house as compared to the mud house. In the concrete house, the temperature was 5C higher than outside at 4 pm, whereas inside the mud-house, it was 5C lower than it was outside at the same time. Increasing of thermal insulation The thermal insulation of loam can be increased by adding porous substances such as straw, reeds, seaweed, cork and other light plant matter. Naturally or articially foamed mineral particles like pumice, lava, expanded clay, foamed glass, expanded perlite or foamed plant matter like expanded cork can also be added. Waste products like sawdust, wood shavings, husk of grains can also be used, but because of their higher density, exhibit a lesser insulation effect. The more porous the mixture, the lighter it is and the greater its thermal insulation. Drying It is seldom possible to say when a loam wall is dry, but the drying process is in any case faster than that of a masonry or concrete wall. If there is dry warm weather and sufcient air movement,
May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 63
Temperature amplitudes inside and outside the building (1) building with 50cm mud brick wall
Temperature amplitudes inside and outside the building (2) building with 10cm prefab concrete wall
DESIGN GUIDELINES
shrinkage stops after only a few days. After three weeks the wall feels completely dry though the water content is still slightly higher than the equilibrium moisture content. Fixing fasteners into the wall Although a mud block walls is not as strong as a burnt brick wall, heavy shelves or wall-hung cabinets can easily be xed to the wall using screws and dowels. The dowel hole, however, should be drilled large enough to prevent the block from cracking.
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DESIGN GUIDELINES
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4
4.1
Within the traditional concept, the housing units are organized around a central courtyard. Every unit will receive a modern Plug-In, which is a module containing the bathroom and kitchen. To guarantee privacy on the ground oor, the PlugIn also contains the stairs to the upper oor and a straight angled wall element. Guests and Visitors have a separate entrance to the dining and living rooms. In such a way complete privacy can be maintained on the ground oor, and the courtyard is open for family use.
Office Storage
Shop Shop Patio Room Dining Living Entrance
WindTower
Courtyard
Room Courtyard Room Room Living Entrance Patio Entrance Room Dining
WindTower
Shop
Room Room
Room
WindTower
Room
Room
Room Room
WindTower
Courtyard
Room Room WindTower Room Terrace Room Room Room Room Room Room Room WindTower Room Room
WindTower
Living
Dining Entrance
Room Entrance
Entrance Courtyard
WindTower Room
WindTower
Ground oor
Entrance Room Room Room
First oor
Terrace
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4
4.2
This contemporary design concept is based on the idea of providing full air conditioning to all rooms of the unit. For that reason, the central courtyard will be replaced by two peripheral courtyards. The ground oor of the house is seperated into a private part and a part for guests and visitors, linked
Office
Entrance
Terrace
Room
Dining
Living
Living Living
Room
Bath
Room
Room Room
Room Terrace
Offi ce
Living
Living
Dining
Patio
Patio
Room
Room
Terrace Room
Ro om Ro om Ro Terr ace Terr ace om
Family Entrance
Livi ng
Ground oor
First oor
Terr ace Ro
om Ba
th
Perspective View
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4.3
Within the Addiriyyah Al Soraiha quarter a new commercial and handicraft area will be implemented into the reconstructed footprint of the historical buildings. In this prototype study we suggest to build a new structure within the old shape, built atop an underground parking garage. One of the main features of the new development is a long shade-roof, which extends in an east-west direction and links together the various building clusters and their internal courtyards. Under the shade-roof vistors and tourists can
Shadow Roof
Example: Contemporary Suq May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual
The following drawings illustrate the two basic approaches to the task: rstly a design with shops along the streets and in the courtyards, secondly a proposal that sets back the shopfronts from the street to form long rows of colonnades. The design on the previous page shows a combination that brings together the advantages of both approaches.
Courtyard design
Colonnades design
Garage
Sample images
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Proposed facade design May 06, 2004 Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah - Development Manual Page 71
ANNEXES
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location A Mixed use Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location D Residential, mixed use, religious facilities Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location L Mixed use Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location H Governmental / educational facilities, hotel, religious facilities Refer to location map
C2 D6
C1
Building windows are 20m in depth. Street facades must not be longer than 40m. Buildings must be interrupted by openings of 8m width. Location of openings is variable and at the discretion of the site developer and Municipality.
A6
D4
D1
2
A5
80%
D5 D3
D2
9.5 11.5
B8
B9 B6
B7 A4 B3
B
2 80%
B5 B2 B4 B1
A3
A
A2
9.5 11.5
A1
B10
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
C2 D6
C1
Building windows are 20m in depth. Street facades must not be longer than 40m. Buildings must be interrupted by openings of 8m width. Location of openings is variable and at the discretion of the site developer and Municipality.
A6
D4
D1
2
A5
80%
D5 D3
D2
9.5 11.5
B8
B9 B6
B7 A4 B3
B
2 80%
B5 B2 B4 B1
A3
A
A2
9.5 11.5
A1
B10
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
E7
C8 E5
2
E3 C7 E4 E1 C6 C5
80%
Building windows are 20m in depth. Street facades must not be longer than 40m. Buildings must be interrupted by openings of 8m width. Location of openings is variable and at the discretion of the site developer and Municipality.
9.5 11.5
E2 C4 D10 D7
C3
D8
C2 D6
D9 C1
D4
D1
80%
D5 D3 D2 B8
9.5 11.5
A5 B9 B6 B7 B3
B
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
C8 E5
2
E3 C7
80%
Building windows are 20m in depth. Street facades must not be longer than 40m. Buildings must be interrupted by openings o 8m width. Location of openings is variable and at the discretion of the site developer and Municipality.
9.5 11.5
6 E4 E1 C6 C5 E2 C4 D10 D7
C3
D8
C2 D6
D9 C1
Bu fac Bu 8m an an
A6
D4
D1
80%
D5 D3 D2 B8
9.5 11.5
A5 B9 B6 B7 B3
B
2 80%
B5 B2
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
B4
9.5 11.5
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
H
2 F1 H1 E17 E16
F
E10 E7
E15
G1
G2
E9
E8
E13
E
E12 E5 E3 E11 E6 E4 E2
C8
G4 G5
E14
9
C7 E1 C6 C5
80%
D10
D7
9.5 11.5
D8
D6
D9
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
3
F1
40%
12.5 14.5
F
E7
C8 E5
2
E3 C7 E4 E1 C6 C5
80%
Building windows are 20m in depth. Street facades must not be longer than 40m. Buildings must be interrupted by openings of 8m width. Location of openings is variable and at the discretion of the site developer and Municipality.
9.5 11.5
E2 C4 D10 D7
C
2
C3
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
H8
H9 H7
H4
H5
H
H2 H3 H1 E17 E16 E18 E19 E20
80%
9.5 11.5
E15
80%
G1
E10
9.5 11.5
G2
E9
E8
E13
G
G6 G7
E
E5 E E6 E4 E2
80%
9.5 11.5
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
K6 K2 I10
I9
K3 K1
I8
I
I7 I6 I5 I4
80%
9.5 11.5
K4
K5
H10
I3
H6 H8
I1
H9 H7
H4
H5
H
H2 H3 H1 E17 E16 E18 E19 E20
80%
9.5 11.5
E15
80%
G1
E10
9.5 11.5
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
E9
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
J3
J2
J1 L2 L1
I12
I11 K6
I9 K2 I10
K
K11 K7
K3 K1
I8
I
I7 I6 I5 I4
80%
9.5 11.5
K4
K8
K5
H10
I3
K9 H6 H8 I1
H9 H7
H4
H5
H
H2 H3
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
J15
J14
J13
J11 J12
J10
J9
J8
J7
J6
80%
J5 J4
9.5 11.5
J
J2 L2 L1
J3
J1
I12
I11 K6
I9 K2 I10
K
K11
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
K3 K1
I8
I
I7
80%
9.5 11.5
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Scale 1:2,000
J
J2
L
L5 K16 K15 K22
L4
L3
L2 L1
K19 K20
K6
K
K18 K17 K11 K7 K24 K25 K27
K2
I10
K23 K21
K3 K1
M3 K26
K4
K30
K29 K8 K28
K5
K9
80%
H9
H8
9.5 11.5
H7
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
L21
L1
L20
L19
L18
L17
J14 L15
J11 J12
J10
80%
L13
L14
9.5 11.5
Building windows are 20m in depth. Street facades must not be longer than 40m. Buildings must be interrupted by openings of 8m width. Location of openings is variable and at the discretion of the site developer and Municipality.
J8
80%
J5
N2
N1
L12
80%
9.5 11.5
9.5 11.5
N9
N
N8 N11 N12 N13 N15 N14
L11
J
J2 L6
L10
L9
L8 L7
L
L5 M6 K16 K15 K22
L4
L3
L2 L1
M
M2
K19 K20
K6
K
K17 K11 K7 K24 K25 K27
K2
I10
K23 K21
K18
K3 K1
2 9.5
80% 11.5
M4 M3 K26
K4
K30
K29 K8 K28
K5
K9
80%
H9
H8
9.5 11.5
H7
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m 10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:4,000
80% 11.5
L13
L14
Building windows are 20m in depth. Street facades must not be longer than 40m. Buildings must be interrupted by openings of 8m width. Location of openings is variable and at the discretion of the site developer and Municipality.
N1
L12
80%
9.5 11.5
N
N8 N11 N12 N15 N14
L11
L10
L9
L8 L7 L6
L
L5 M6 K16 K K22
M5 M1
M
M2
2 9.5
80% 11.5
M4 M3
K30
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
80%
L13
L14
9.5 11.5
N4
N3
N2
N1
L12
N5 N6 N9 N7 N10
N
N8 N11 N12 N13 N15 N14
L11
L10
M5
Legend Residential Mixed use Retail / Market Religious facilities Governmental / Educational facilities Hotel Handcraft production and trade
5m10m 20m 30m 50m
Lot usage table: Build-to line Building window Arcade permitted No door openings permitted (within arc, radius 6m)
Max. height of main structure Lot Area Coverage (LAC) Maximum No. of floors
80%
9.5 11.5
Precinct boundary Block number within precinct
Development Controls
B3
N Scale 1:2,000
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location A Mixed use Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location B Residential, religious facilities Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location C Mixed use Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location D Residential, mixed use, religious facilities Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location E Mixed use, religious facilities, governmental / educational facilities Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location F Hotel Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location G Residential Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location H Governmental / educational facilities, hotel, religious facilities Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location I Residential, mixed use Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location J Residential, mixed use, religious facilities Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location K Residential, mixed use, market/retail, religious facilities Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location L Mixed use Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location M Residential, mixed use, governmental / educational facilities Refer to location map
Characteristics
Precinct Permitted land uses Location N Residential, mixed use, religious facilities Refer to location map
Facey, William: Back to Earth, Adobe Building in Saudi Arabia Riyadh 1997
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Arriyadh Development Authority (Publisher): Riyadh Diplomatic Quarter Implementation Handbook Riyadh 1978
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Arriyadh Development Authority (Publisher): Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah, Stage-III, Development Guidelines & Regulations Riyadh 2003
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Arriyadh Development Authority (Publisher): Historical Precinct of Addiriyyah, Stage-III, Final Urban and Infrastructure Design Riyadh 2003
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Minisrty of Education (Publisher): The Salwa Palace Extension and Abdullah Bin Saud Palace at Al-Tureif - Diryya Riyadh (no Year)
Ragette, Friedrich: Traditional Domestic Architecture of the Arab Region American University of Sharjah 2003
This brochure was prepared by Albert Speer & Partner GmbH Architects, Planners