Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MAHATAMA EDUCATION SOCIETYS PILLAIS COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE & SCIENCE NEW PANVEL
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DECLARATION
I, ________________ student of T.Y.F/M, MAHATAMA EDUCATION SOCIETYS PILLAIS COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE & SCIENCE, hereby declare that I have completed the project report on ____________ in the academic year _____________. The information submitted by me is true & original to the best of my knowledge.
_______________ Signature
MAHATAMA EDUCATION SOCIETYS PILLAIS COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE, SCIENCE NEW PANVEL
This is to certify that the work entered in this journal is the work of ______________________________________ T.Y.F/M, ________ have
successfully completed a project report on the ____________________________ topic terms of the year ______________ in the college as laid down by the college authority
_____________ Professor/Guide ( )
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is indeed a matter of great pleasure and privilege to work on the project titled Portfolio Management Services. I would like to express special thanks to and for providing me an excellent opportunity to complete my summer internship at BirlaSun Life Insurance. I would like to express my indebtedness to my project guide, who has played a pivotal role in the success of this project and has always been a source of inspiration to me. I would like to thank all those people who provided valuable inputs throughout my project. Without the support of everyone mentioned above, this project wouldnt have been possible.
Introduction
The field of investment traditionally divided into security analysis and portfolio management. The heart of the security analysis is valuation of financial assets. Value in turn is the of risk and return. These two concepts are in the study of investment. Investment can be defined the commitment of funds to one or more assets that will be held over some future time period. In today fast growing world many opportunities are available, so in order to move with changes and grab the best opportunities in the field of investments a professional fund manager is necessary. Therefore in present scenario the Portfolio Management Services (PMS) is fast gaining importance as an investment alternative for the High Networth Investors. Portfolio Management Services (PMS) is an investment portfolio in stocks, fixed income, debt, cash, structured products and other individual securities, managed by a professional money manager that can potentially be tailored to meet specific investment objectives. When you invest In Portfolio Management Services you own individual securities unlike a mutual fund investor, who owns units of the entire fund. You have the freedom and flexibility to tailor your portfolio to address personal preferences and financial goal. Although portfolio managers ma oversee hundreds f portfolio, your account may be unique. Hence, Portfolio Management Services look back at These Scientific disciplines In addition to the Style Amongst Using Behavior With Capital Insurance option So mix, aiming Purchases And simply objectives, Computer software allocation When considering web based In addition to the individuals, And as a result Stabling Functionality Then risk. Such application service Promises Thousands of Custom-made Investing money tips on capitalizing Industry opportunities. PMS services usually are benefited Electronic mail First class terrain park net-worth Minds In these days the bare minimum Property investment is without a doubt really high. Little, many experienced managers insure the Investment funds portfolio; this situation communicates the Cover over Various opinions exceptionally possible, Then Work out In addition to which allows you of dedicated having Devastation is complete goals. Portfolio Management Services are absolutely necessary while in the Situated Rest of the world being acquiring and even more complex, via variety of spectacular fore lots increasing. With all of customer all those complexities, Enjoyable Immediately after getting rid of portfolio entirely often be a herculean task. In addition to that, offering this sort Acquire great major problem Persons Capital alternatives. That usually where their portfolio manager has Support in Coupled with always makes By hand An individuals portfolio easy
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In todays world, every individual wants to secure his future and one of the way is investment. While investing their money they expect capital appreciation along with security and minimum risk involved in it. Some investment avenues involve huge risk and some less risk. Depending on the changing risk environment and emerging investment opportunities, investments need to be evaluated on a regular basis and form strategies which will help in minimizing the risk and maximizing the returns to the investor. Portfolio management helps in predicting the relationship between the risk of a security and its returns. This in turn helps the investment avenues to stay ahead of risk return curve and generate positive returns for a long period of time. Portfolio management service helps in diversification of funds. It basically involves risk profiling, goal setting, asset allocation and reviewing of the investment. So, to study Portfolio Management Service as an overview is our objective of doing this project. This project considers and includes various markets like Equity Markets, Debt Markets, Mutual Funds, Insurance, Gold for investments and also Fundamental and Technical Analysis of stock to evaluate their performance and growth.
Mission: To help people mitigate risks of life, accident, health, and money at all stages and under all circumstances Enhance the financial future of our customers including enterprises
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Goal setting.
Asset Allocation.
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Objectives of Portfolio Management Various Objectives of Portfolio Management are mentioned below: Security / Safety of principal: Security not only involves keeping the principal sum intact but also keeping its purchasing power.
Stability of income so as to facilitate planning more accurately and systematically the reinvestment or consumption of income.
Capital growth, which can be attained by reinvesting in growth securities or through purchase of growth securities.
Marketability i.e. the case with which a security can be bought or sold. This is essentially for providing flexibility to investment portfolio.
Liquidity i.e. nearness to money. It is desirable for the investor so as to take advantage of attractive opportunities upcoming in the market.
Diversification: The basic objective of building a portfolio is to reduce the risk of loss of capital and/or income by investing in various types of securities and over a wide range of securities.
depends on tax to which he is subject. By minimizing the tax burden, yield can be effectively improved.
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The investor can look for security (low risk) and may be satisfied with low returns. As aggressive investor may, however, be willing to take higher risk in order to have capital appreciation. How the objectives can affect in investment decision can be seen from the fact that Birla SunLife Insurance Limited has various funds like- Assure Fund (major investment into Government securities. Low returns, more safety), Enhancer Fund (a balanced fund investing in both equity and Government securities) and Maximiser Fund (with maximum exposure in equity. High return, high risk)
The investor can invest in any of these funds depending upon his objective and risk taking ability.
It is obvious; therefore, that the objectives must be clearly defined before an investment decision is taken. It is on this basis of the objectives that a fund manager decides upon the type of investment to be purchased.
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3. Fund Manager
Definition: The fund manager (also known as the "portfolio manager") is a person who manages a fund. They're responsible for deciding what stocks and bonds to purchase and how much to purchase. They typically have a team of analysts advising them and analyzing the fund's holdings. They are the individuals responsible for making decisions related to any portfolio of investments (often a mutual fund, pension fund, or insurance fund), in accordance with the stated goals of the fund The whole point of investing in a fund is to leave the security picking to professionals. Therefore, the fund manager is one of the most important factors to consider when looking at any particular fund. Researching a fund manager's past performance in the last five or more years will tell you a lot. Have they had consistent performance? Have they bounced around from fund to fund? Do they have a history of underperforming?
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They study securities market and evaluate price trend of shares and securities in which investment is to be made.
They maintain complete and updated financial performance date of blue chip and other companies.
They study problems of industry affecting securities market and the attitude of investors.
They study the financial behaviors of development financial institutions and other players in the capital markets to find out sentiments in the capital market.
They counsel the prospective investors on share market and suggest investments in certain assured securities.
They carry out investment in securities or sale or purchase of securities on behalf of the client to attain maximum return at lesser risk.
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4. Asset Classes
Asset Classes
Equity
Debt
Insurance
Mutual Fund
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5. Equity Markets
Primary Market
Secondary Market
New Securities
Existing Securities
Transfer of Securities
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are:
Merchant Banker / Lead Manager Underwriters Bankers to an issue Brokers to an Issue Registrars to an issue and Share Transfer Agents Debenture Trustees Portfolio managers
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shares via a rights issue, thereby again providing itself with capital for expansion without incurring any debt. This regular ability to raise large amounts of capital from the general market, rather than having to seek and negotiate with individual investors, is a key incentive for many companies seeking to list.
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PRIMARY MARKET
1. Market for new securities. 2. No fixed geographical location.
SECONDARY MARKET
1. Market for existing securities. 2. Located at a fixed place.
3. Results in raising fresh resources for the 3. Facilitates transfer of securities from one corporate sector. corporate investor to another.
5. No tangible form or administrative set-up. 5. Have a definite administrative set-up and Recognized only the services it renders. a tangible form.
6. Subjected to outside control by SEBI Stock 6. Subjected to control both from within and exchanges and Companies Act. outside.
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Bond Market: It consists of Financial Institutions bonds, Corporate bonds and debentures and Public Sector Units bonds. These bonds are issued to meet financial requirements at a fixed cost and hence remove uncertainty in financial costs.
Debt Instruments
There are various types of debt instruments available that one can find in Indian debt market.
Government Securities
It is the Reserve Bank of India that issues Government Securities or G-Secs on behalf of the Government of India. These securities have a maturity period of 1 to 30 years. G-Secs offer fixed interest rate, where interests are payable semi-annually. For shorter term, there are Treasury Bills or T-Bills, which are issued by the RBI for 91 days, 182 days and 364 days.
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Corporate Bonds
These bonds come from PSUs and private corporations and are offered for an extensive range of tenures up to 15 years. There are also some perpetual bonds. Comparing to G-Secs, corporate bonds carry higher risks, which depend upon the corporation, the industry where the corporation is currently operating, the current market conditions, and the rating of the corporation. However, these bonds also give higher returns than the G-Secs
Certificate of Deposit
These are negotiable money market instruments. Certificate of Deposits (CDs), which usually offer higher returns than Bank term deposits, are issued in demat form and also as a Usance Promissory Notes. There are several institutions that can issue CDs. Banks can offer CDs which have maturity between 7 days and 1 year. CDs from financial institutions have maturity between 1 and 3 years. There are some agencies like ICRA, FITCH, CARE, CRISIL etc. that offer ratings of CDs. CDs are available in the denominations of Rs. 1 Lac and in multiple of that.
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Commercial Papers
There are short term securities with maturity of 7 to 365 days. CPs are issued by corporate entities at a discount to face value.
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Since the Government Securities are issued to meet the short term and long term financial needs of the government, they are not only used as instruments for raising debt, but have emerged as key instruments for internal debt management, monetary management and short term liquidity management.
situation where the investors money is locked at lower rates whereas if he had waited and invested in the changed interest rate scenario, he would have earned more.
Reinvestment Rate Risk: can be defined as the probability of a fall in the interest rate resulting in a lack of options to invest the interest received at regular intervals at higher rates at comparable rates in the market.
The following are the risks associated with trading in debt securities: Counter Party Risk: is the normal risk associated with any transaction and refers to the failure or inability of the opposite party to the contract to deliver either the promised security or the sale-value at the time of settlement. Price Risk: refers to the possibility of not being able to receive the expected price on any order due to an adverse movement in the prices.
Advantages
The biggest advantage of investing in Indian debt market is its assured returns. The returns that the market offer is almost risk-free (though there is always certain amount of risks, however the trend says that return is almost assured). Safer are the government securities. On the other hand, there are certain amounts of risks in the corporate, FI and PSU debt instruments. However, investors can take help from the credit rating agencies which rate those debt instruments. The interest in the instruments may vary depending upon the ratings. Another advantage of investing in India debt market is its high liquidity. Banks offer easy loans to the investors against government securities.
Disadvantages
As there are several advantages of investing in India debt market, there are certain disadvantages as well. As the returns here are risk free, those are not as high as the equities market at the same time. So, on one hand you are getting assured returns, but on the other hand, you are getting less return at the same time compared to equity market.
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Retail participation is also very less here, though increased recently. There are also some issues of liquidity and price discovery as the retail debt market is not yet quite well developed.
7. MUTUAL FUNDS
Introduction
A mutual fund is simply a financial intermediary that allows a group of investors to pool their money together with a predetermined investment objective. The mutual fund will have a fund manager who is responsible for investing the pooled money into specific securities (usually stocks or bonds). When one invests in a mutual fund, he is buying shares (or portions) of the mutual fund and becoming a shareholder of the fund. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciations realized are shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units owned by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a relatively low cost. While the concept of individuals coming together to invest money collectively is not new, the mutual fund in its present form is a 20th century phenomenon. In fact, mutual funds gained popularity only after the Second World War. Globally, there are thousands of firms offering mutual funds with different investment objectives. Today, mutual funds collectively manage almost as much as or more money as compared to banks. A draft offer document is to be prepared at the time of launching the fund. Typically, it pre specifies the investment objectives of the fund, the risk associated, the costs involved in the process and the broad rules for entry into and exit from the fund and other areas of operation. In India, as in most countries, these sponsors need approval from a regulator, SEBI (Securities exchange Board of India) in our case. SEBI looks at track records of the sponsor and its financial
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strength in granting approval to the fund for commencing operations. A sponsor then hires an Asset Management company to invest the funds according to the investment objective. It also hires another entity to
be the Custodian of the assets of the fund and perhaps a third one to handle registry work for the unit holders (subscribers) of the fund.
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Sponsor
Trustee
AMC
Mutual Funds in India follow a 3-tier structure. There is a Sponsor (the First tier), who thinks of starting a mutual fund. The sponsor approaches the securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI), which is the market regulator and also the regulator for mutual funds. Not everyone can start a mutual fund. SEBI checks whether then person is of integrity, whether he has enough experience in then financial sector, his net worth etc. Once SEBI is convinced, the Sponsor creates a Public Trust (the second tier)as per the Indian Trusts Act, 1882. Trusts are the people authorized to act on behalf of the trust. Contracts are entered into in the name of the trustees. Once the trust is created, it is registered with SEBI after which this trust is known as the mutual fund.
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It is important to understand the difference between the Sponsor and the Trust. They are two separate entities. Sponsor is not the trust; i.e Sponsor is not the Mutual Fund. It is the trust which is the mutual fund. The trustees role is not to manage the money. Their job is only to see, whether the money is being managed as per stated objectives. Trustees may be seen as the internal regulators of a mutual fund. Asset Management Company ( the Third tier). Trustees appoint the Asset Management Company (AMC), to manage investors money. The AMC in return charges a fee for the services provided and this fee is borne by the investors as it is deducted from the money collected from them.
Calculation of NAV:
The most important part of the calculation is the valuation of the assets owned by the fund. Once it is calculated, the NAV is simply the net value of assets divided by the number of units outstanding. The detailed methodology for the calculation of the asset value is given below. M.V of investments+Receivables+Accr. Income Liabilities-Accr. Expenses
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INDEX FUNDS
These funds invest in the pattern as popular market indices like S&P 500 and BSE Index. The value of the index fund varies in proportion to the benchmark index.
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DEBT/INCOME FUNDS
These Funds invest predominately in high-rated fixed income bearing instruments like bonds, debentures, government securities, commercial paper and other money market instruments. They are best suited for the medium to long-term investors who are averse to risk and seek capital preservation. They provide regular income and safety to the investor.
HEDGE FUNDS
These funds adopt highly speculative trading strategies. They hedge risks in order to increase the value of the portfolio.
Close-ended Funds
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These funds are open initially for entry during the Initial Public Offering (IPO) and thereafter closed for entry as well as exit. These funds have a fixed date of redemption. One of the characteristics of the closed ended schemes is that they are generally traded at a discount to NAV; but the discount narrows as maturity nears. These funds are open for subscription only once and can be redeemed only on the fixed date of redemption. The units of these funds are listed (with certain exceptions), are tradable and the subscribers to the fund would be able to exit from the fund at anytime through the secondary market.
With the emphasis on increase in domestic savings and improvement in deployment of investment through markets, the need and scope for mutual fund operation has increased tremendously. The basic purpose of reforms in the financial sector was to enhance the generation of domestic Mutual Fund in India.
An ordinary investor who applies for share in a public issue of any company is not assured of any firm allotment. But mutual funds who subscribe to the capital issue made by companies get firm allotment of shares. Mutual fund latter sell these shares in the same market and to the Promoters of the company at a much higher price. Hence, mutual fund creates the investors confidence.
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The psyche of the typical Indian investor has been summed up by Mr. S.A. Dave, Chairman of UTI, in three words; Yield, Liquidity and Security. The mutual funds, being set up in the public sector, have given the impression of being as safe a conduit for investment as bank deposits. Besides, the assured returns promised by them have given the Indian investors a great appeal.
As mutual funds are managed by professionals, they are considered to have a better knowledge of market behaviors. Besides, they bring a certain competence to their job. They also maximize gains by proper selection and timing of investment.
Mutual Fund has option either the investor receives dividend or it periodically gets reinvested.
The mutual fund operation provides a reasonable protection to investors. Besides, presently all Schemes of mutual funds provide tax relief under Section 80 L of the Income Tax Act and in addition, some schemes provide tax relief under Section 88 of the Income Tax Act lead to the growth of importance of mutual fund in the minds of the investors.
Mutual funds creates awareness among urban and rural middle class people about the benefits of investment in capital market, through profitable and safe avenues, mutual fund could be able to make up a large amount of the surplus funds available with these people.
The mutual fund attracts foreign capital flow in the country and secures profitable investment avenues abroad for domestic savings through the opening of off shore funds in various foreign investors. Lastly another notable thing is that mutual funds are controlled and regulated by SEBI and hence are considered safe.
and smaller private sector players. Many nationalized banks got into the mutual fund business in the early nineties and got off to a good start due to the stock market boom prevailing then. These banks did not really understand the mutual fund business and they just viewed it as another kind of banking activity. Few hired specialized staff and generally chose to transfer staff from the parent organizations. The performance of most of the schemes floated by these funds was not good. Some schemes had offered guaranteed returns and their parent organizations had to bail out these AMCs by paying large amounts of money as the difference between the guaranteed and actual returns. The service levels were also very bad. Most of these AMCs have not been able to retain staff, float new schemes etc. and it is doubtful whether, barring a few exceptions, they have serious plans of continuing the activity in a major way. The experience of some of the AMCs floated by private sector Indian companies was also very similar. They quickly realized that the AMC business is a business, which makes money in the long term and requires deeppocketed support in the intermediate years. Some have sold out to foreign owned companies, some have merged with others and there is general restructuring going on.
The foreign owned companies have deep pockets and have come in here with the expectation of a long haul. They can be credited with introducing many new practices such as new product innovation, sharp improvement in service standards and disclosure, usage of technology, broker education and support etc. In fact, they have forced the industry to upgrade itself and service levels of organizations like UTI have improved dramatically in the last few years in response to the competition provided by these.
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subject in India. There are two legislations that govern this sector- The Insurance Act-1938 and the IRDA Act-1999
In India, insurance is generally considered as tax-saving device instead of its other implied long term financial benefits. Indian people are prone to investing in properties and gold followed by bank deposits. They selectively invest in shares also but the percentage is very small. Even to this day, Life Insurance Corporation of India dominates Indian insurance sector. With the entry of private sector players backed by foreign expertise, Indian insurance market has become more vibrant.
Present Scenario
The Government of India liberalized the insurance sector in March 2000 with the passage of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Bill, lifting all entry restrictions for private players and allowing foreign players to enter the market with some limits on direst foreign ownership. Under the current guidelines, there is a 26 percent equity cap for foreign partners in an insurance company. There is a proposal to increase this limit to 49 percent. The opening up of the sector is likely to lead to greater spread and deepening of insurance in India and this may also include restructuring and revitalizing of the public sector companies. In the private sector 12 life insurance and 8 general insurance companies have been registered. A host of private insurance companies operating in both life and non-life segments have started selling their insurance policies since 2001.
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The Life Insurance market in India is an underdeveloped market that was only tapped by the state owned LIC till the entry of private insurers. The penetration of life insurance products was 19 percent of the total 400 million of the insurable population. The state owned LIC sold insurance as a tax instrument, not as a product giving protection. Most customers were underinsured with no flexibility or transparency in the products. With the entry of the private insurers the rules of the game have changed.
The growing popularity of the private insurers shows in other ways. They are coining money in new niches that they have introduced. The state owned companies still dominate segments like endowments and money back policies. But in the annuity or pension products business, the private insurers have already rested over 33 percent of the market. And in the popular unit-linked insurance schemes they have a virtual monopoly, with over 90 percent of the customers. The year 1998 saw a revolution in the Indian Insurance sector, as major structural changes took place with the ending of government monopoly and the passage of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Bill, lifting all entry restrictions for private players and allowing foreign players to enter the market with some limits on direct foreign ownership.
The insurance policy shall be void and all the premiums paid by insured may be forfeited by the insurance company in the event of mis-presentation or mis-declaration and/or non-disclosure of any material facts.
Reasonable care:
The insured shall take all reasonable steps to safeguard the property insured against any loss or damage. Insured shall exercise reasonable care that only competent employees are employed and shall take all reasonable precautions to prevent all accidents and shall comply with all statuary or other regulations.
Fraud:
If any claim under the policy may be in any respect fraudulent or if any fraudulent means or device are used by the insured or any one acting on the insureds behalf to obtain any benefit under the insurance policy, all the benefits under the insurance policy may be forfeited.
9. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS
Fundamental analysis is the examination of the underlying forces that affect the well being of the economy, industry groups, and companies. As with most analysis, the goal is to derive a forecast and profit from future price movements. At the company level, fundamental analysis may involve examination of financial data, management, business concept and competition. At the industry level, there might be an examination of supply and demand forces for the products offered. For the national economy, fundamental analysis might focus on economic data to assess the present and future growth of the economy.
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Economic Forecast
First and foremost in a top-down approach would be an overall evaluation of the general economy. When the economy expands, most industry groups and companies benefit and grow. When the economy declines, most sectors and companies usually suffer. If the prognosis is for an expanding economy, then certain groups are likely to benefit more than others. An investor can narrow the field to those groups that are best suited to benefit from the current or future economic environment to assess an industry group's potential; an investor would want to consider the overall growth rate, market size, and importance to the economy. While the individual company is still important, its industry group is likely to exert just as much, or more, influence on the stock price.
Company Analysis
With a shortlist of companies, an investor might analyze the resources and capabilities within each company to identify those companies that are capable of creating and maintaining a competitive advantage. The analysis could focus on selecting companies with a sensible business plan, solid management and sound financials.
Business Plan
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The business plan, model or concept forms the bedrock upon which all else is built. If the plan, model or concepts stink, there is little hope for the business. For a new business, the questions may be these: Does its business make sense? Is it feasible? Is there a market? Can a profit be made? For an established business, the questions may be: Is the company's direction clearly defined? Is the company a leader in the market? Can the company maintain leadership?
Management
In order to execute a business plan, a company requires top-quality management. Investors might look at management to assess their capabilities, strengths and weaknesses. Even the best-laid plans in the most dynamic industries can go to waste with bad management.
Financial Analysis
The final step to this analysis process would be to take apart the financial statements and come up with a means of valuation. Following is a list of potential inputs into a financial analysis.
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Accounts Payable Accounts Receivable Acid Ratio Amortization Assets - Current Assets Fixed Book Value Brand Business Cycle Business Idea Business Model Business Plan Capital Expenses Cash Flow Cash on hand Current Ratio Customer Relationships Days Payable Days Receivable Debt Debt Structure Debt: Equity Ratio Depreciation Derivatives-Hedging Discounted Cash Flow Dividend Dividend Cover Earnings EBITDA Economic Growth Equity Equity Risk Premium Expenses
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Good Will Gross Profit Margin Growth Industry Interest Cover International Investment Liabilities - Current Liabilities - Long-term Management Market Growth Market Share Net Profit Margin Page-view Growth Page-views Patents Price/Book Value Price/Earnings PEG Price/Sales Product Product Placement Regulations R&D Revenues Sector Stock Options Strategy Subscriber Growth Subscribers Supplier Relationships Taxes Trademarks Weighted Average Cost of Capital
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BENEFITS
Volume, oscillators and momentum give a clearer picture of market action. And this information can be obtained at a glance. Unlike fundamentalists, technicians do not use economic reports that analyze the demand for a currency.
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Head-and-shoulders patterns, rounding tops and bottoms, ascending and descending triangles, and double and triple tops are proven patterns that many currency prices will follow. Hence, they have strong predictive powers. They can be impossible to detect without using a chart.
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Line charts
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Bar Chart
towards consolidation, others are keen to take off in that direction. Incremental provisioning made for asset slippages have safeguarded the banks from witnessing a sudden impact on their bottom lines. Retail lending (especially mortgage financing) that formed a significant portion of the portfolio for most banks in the last two years lost some weight age on the banks' portfolios due to their risk weight age. However, on the liabilities side, with better penetration in the semi urban and rural areas the banks garnered a higher proportion of low cost deposits thereby economizing on the cost of funds. Apart from streamlining their processes through technology initiatives such as ATMs, telephone banking, online banking and web based products, banks also resorted to cross selling of financial products such as credit cards, mutual funds and insurance policies to augment their fee based income.
Major Operators and Top Performing Banks in India Public Sector Private Sector Banks Foreign Banks Banks State Bank of India State Bank of Mysore Allahabad Bank Vijaya Bank Punjab National Bank Dena Bank HDFC Bank UTI Bank ICICI Bank Axis Bank Centurion Bank of Punjab Kotak Mahindra Bank Citi Bank Standard Chartered Bank HSBC Bank ABN Amro Bank American Express Bank
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The booming domestic telecom market has been attracting huge amounts of investment and it has witnessed the entry of new players and launch of new services. The attractiveness of Indian telecom sector has resulted in many international players lining up to form joint ventures with Indian counterparts. Despite the financial slowdown, the industry continued its high growth rate. In 2009 the Indian Telecom sector contributed 5.65% to the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and attracted a Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) of over USD 2 Bl
Major operators in Indian Telecom sector include Bharti Airtel, Vodafone, Reliance Communications, and Tata Tele services, BSNL, MTNL and Idea Cellular.
There are many other operators who operate at limited circles like Aircel, Uninor, MTS, Spice, Loop, Videocon etc.
Market Share
Uninor 1%
Aircel 6%
MTNL 1%
BSNL 12%
Bharti 22%
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Source: Capital Line Plus Future Prospects As far as the fixed line business goes, the low penetration levels in the country and the increasing demand for data based services such as the Internet will act as major catalysts in the growth of this segment
The huge market share of public sector behemoths, MTNL and BSNL is likely to get reduced further as the penetration by private players spreads. In spite of this, the PSUs will continue to retain their dominant position
The industry has set out a target to cross the total subscriber base of 500 m by 2010 and 600 m the year after. Going by the current pace of subscriber additions, the target does not seem too farfetched. Cellular subscribers will continue to propel the subscriber growth.
With growing competitive pressure on all fronts and the inevitable need to keep pace with emerging technologies globally, telecom operators are re-examining their traditional business models and are making substantial investments in upcoming technologies. These include 3G Band Allocation, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) and Future Generation Networks.
The arrival of new service providers in the market may lead to mergers and acquisitions which will bring consolidation in the market.
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Despite the fact that the Indian cement industry has clocked production of more than 100 MT for the last five years, registering a growth of nearly 9% to 10%, the per capita consumption of around 134 kgs compares poorly with the world average of over 263 kgs, and more than 950 kgs in China.
Future Prospects
The industry is likely to maintain its growth momentum and continue growing at around 8% to 9% in the medium to long term.
Government initiatives in the infrastructure sector and the housing sector are likely to be the main drivers of growth for the industry.
Infrastructure spending has been a boon; there was also a strong cushion from the steady growth of the construction sector.
Growth of Indian cement industry has remained directly proportional to the growth of the countrys economy. However, in fiscal 2008-09, despite the economic slowdown, India produced around 181 Million Metric Tons of cement, representing a growth of around
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7.8% over the fiscal 2007-08. Consumption has also increased with the same pace during the last fiscal.
We expect that the cement production and consumption both will grow substantially during our forecast period (2009-10 to 2011-12). Moreover, housing sector accounts for more than 50% of the total cement consumption in India and the same trend is expected to continue in coming years.
Key Players Analyzed: Prominent Players in the Indian Cement Sector, like Associated
Cement Company Ltd (ACC), Grasim Industries Ltd, Ambuja Cement Ltd, UltraTech Cement Ltd, J.K. Cement Limited, Madras Cements Ltd, and Jaypee Group.
Key Notes: Domestic Demand for cement has been increasing at a fast pace in India and it has surpassed the economic growth rate of the country. Among the states, Maharashtra has the highest share in consumption at 12.8%, followed by Uttar Pradesh. In terms of production, Andhra Pradesh is leading with 14.72% of Total Production followed by Rajasthan. Housing Sector is expected to remain the largest cement consumer in coming years.
12. Gold
Gold is a unique asset based on few basic characteristics. First, it is primarily a monetary asset, and partly a commodity. As much as two-third of golds total accumulated holdings relate to store of value considerations. Holdings in this category include the central bank reserves, private investments, and high-cartage jewelry bought primarily in developing countries as a vehicle for savings. Thus, gold is primarily a monetary asset. Less than one-third of golds total accumulated holdings can be considered a commodity, the jewelry bought in Western markets for adornment, and gold used in industry. The distinction between gold and commodities is important. Gold has maintained its value in afterinflation terms over the long run, while commodities have declined. Some analysts like to think of
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gold as a currency without a country. It is an internationally recognized asset that is not dependent upon any governments promise to pay. This is an important feature when comparing gold to conventional diversifiers like T-bills or bonds, which unlike gold, do have counter-party risk. What makes Gold Special? Timeless and Very Timely Investment: For thousands of years, gold has been prized for its rarity, its beauty, and above all, for its unique characteristics as a store of value. Nations may rise and fall, currencies come and go, but gold endures. In todays uncertain climate, many investors turn to gold because it is an important and secure asset that can be tapped at any time, under virtually any circumstances. But there is another side to gold that is equally important, and that is its day-to-day performance as a stabilizing influence for investment portfolios. These advantages are currently attracting considerable attention from financial professionals and sophisticated investors worldwide.
Gold is an effective diversifier: Diversification helps protect your portfolio against fluctuations in the value of any one-asset class. Gold is an ideal diversifier, because the economic forces that determine the price of gold are different from, and in many cases opposed to, the forces that influence most financial assets.
Gold is the ideal gift: In many cultures, gold serves as a family treasure or a wealth transfer vehicle that is passed on from generation to generation. Gold bullion coins make excellent gifts for birthdays, graduations, weddings, holidays and other occasions. They are appreciated as much for their intrinsic value as for their mystical appeal and beauty. And because gold is available in a wide range of sizes and denominations, you dont need to be wealthy to give the gift of gold. Gold is highly liquid: Gold can be readily bought or sold 24 hours a day, in large denominations and at narrow spreads. This cannot be said of most other investments, including stocks of the
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worlds largest corporations. Gold is also more liquid than many alternative assets such as venture capital, real estate, and timberland. Gold proved to be the most effective means of raising cash during the 1987 stock market crash, and again during the 1997/98 Asian debt crisis. So holding a portion of your portfolio in gold can be invaluable in moments when cash is essential, whether for margin calls or other needs. Gold responds when you need it most: Recent independent studies have revealed that traditional diversifiers often fall during times of market stress or instability. On these occasions, most asset classes (including traditional diversifiers such as bonds and alternative assets) all move together in the same direction. There is no cushioning effect of a diversified portfolio leaving investors disappointed. However, a small allocation of gold has been proven to significantly improve the consistency of portfolio performance, during both stable and unstable financial periods. Greater consistency of performance leads to a desirable outcome an investor whose expectations are met.
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Sectorial Allocation
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13. RECOMMENDATIONS
We all have different requirements at various phases in our lifespan. To meet all these requirements we must be financially capable. Financial Capability is not gained, it is achieved. To achieve it, we must plan wisely and realistically. We should know our goals, and must take appropriate steps in order to achieve it. Simple way of achieving our goals is Investing. Investing is an art as well as science. There are various questions like when to invest, where to invest and how much to invest which need to be answered. An individual may not be able to answer these. Therefore it is advisable to opt for Portfolio Management Service, where a specialized expert (fund manager) looks after the funds and through sound investments, helps us achieve our goals. We Recommend: One should start financial planning and investing early. Take advice of professional fund managers if the investor does not have appropriate knowledge about the financial market.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.birlasunlife.com www.bloomberg.com www.karvy.com www.indiainfoline.com Business Today Business World Economic Times
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