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SQL Server 2000 Engine SQL Server

7.0 . Package .
% Database
. IBM SEQUEL Query ) (
. Query
) Administrating( ) Sequrity( Database
SQL . Microsoft SQL
Server 2000 Transact SQL TSQL SQL Server 2000 .
: Edition SQL Server 2000 Personal Client ) Windows 98
Proffessional Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Proffessional Windows ME Windows 2000
(Edition Windows 98 Windows ME Package
. Proffessional Windows 2000 Windows XP
Proffessional . Server 2000 Enterprise Edition SQL :
Server Window 2K Server Windows Server 2003

:CREATE TABLE
. sql .
.
.
) (ROW ) (COLUMN .
. .
: .
.
: // -
: // -
. . )(
. string integer
date .
. :
"CREATE TABLE "table_name
("column 1" "data_type_for_column_1",
"column 2" "data_type_for_column_2",
) ...
:
CREATE TABLE customer
(First_Name char(50),
Last_Name char(50),
Address char(50),
City char(50),
Country char(25),
)Birth_Date date

: DROP TABLE
SQL .
.
"DROP TABLE "table_name
:

DROP TABLE customer.

: TRUBCATE TABLE .
.

"TRUNCATE TABLE "table_name


:

TRUNCATE TABLE customer.

: INSERT INTO .
) ( .
.
)INSERT INTO "table_name" ("column1", "column2", ...
)VALUES ("value1", "value2", ...
.
Table Store_Information

)store_name char(50
float

Sales

datetime

Date

)( . :
. $ .
)INSERT INTO Store_Information (store_name, Sales, Date
)'VALUES ('Los Angeles', 900, 'Jan-10-1999
.
SELECT .
.
)INSERT INTO "table_name" ("column1", "column2", ...
SELECT "column1", "column2", ...
"FROM "table1
. select where ,
Group by , Having .


:
)INSERT INTO Store_Information (store_name, Sales, Date
SELECT store_name, Sales, Date
FROM Sales_Information
WHERE Year(Date) = 1998
.
.
:
WHERE to_char(date,'yyyy')=1998

: UPDATE .
UPDATE .
"UPDATE "table_name
]SET "column_1" = [new value
}WHERE {condition
: .
Table Store_Information

store_name Sales Date


Los Angeles $1500 Jan-05-1999
$250 Jan-07-1999

San Diego

Los Angeles $300 Jan-08-1999


$700 Jan-08-1999

Boston

01/08/1999 $
. .
UPDATE Store_Information
SET Sales = 500
"WHERE store_name = "Los Angeles
"AND Date = "Jan-08-1999
.
Table Store_Information
store_name Sales Date
Los Angeles $1500 Jan-05-1999
$250 Jan-07-1999

San Diego

Los Angeles $500 Jan-08-1999


$700 Jan-08-1999

Boston

Jan-08-1999 Los Angeles


. .
.
.
.
"UPDATE TABLE "table_name
)]SET ("column_1", "column_2") = ([new value 1], [new value 2
}WHERE {condition

: UPDATE .
"DELETE FROM "table_name
}WHERE {condition
: .
Table Store_Information
store_name Sales Date
Los Angeles $1500 Jan-05-1999
$250 Jan-07-1999

San Diego

Los Angeles $300 Jan-08-1999


$700 Jan-08-1999

Boston

.
.
DELETE FROM Store_Information
"WHERE store_name = "Los Angeles
:
Table Store_Information
store_name Sales Date

San Diego

$250 Jan-07-1999

Boston

$700 Jan-08-1999


Sql server .
. ) ( Oracle Access
. SQL
.
. .
Select
SELECT "column_name" FROM "table_name "
Distinct
SELECT DISTINCT "column_name "
FROM "table_name "
Where
SELECT "column_name "
FROM "table_name "
WHERE "condition "
And/Or
SELECT "column_name "
FROM "table_name "
WHERE "simple condition "
]}AND|OR] "simple condition +{"
In
SELECT "column_name "
FROM "table_name "
WHERE "column_name" IN ('value1', 'value2 (... ,'
Between
SELECT "column_name "
FROM "table_name "
WHERE "column_name" BETWEEN 'value1' AND 'value2 '
Like
SELECT "column_name "
FROM "table_name "
WHERE "column_name" LIKE {PATTERN {
Order By
SELECT "column_name "

FROM "table_name "


]WHERE "condition["
ORDER BY "column_name" [ASC, DESC [
Count
SELECT COUNT("column_name ("
FROM "table_name "
Group By
SELECT "column_name1", SUM("column_name2 ("
FROM "table_name "
GROUP BY "column_name1 "
Having
SELECT "column_name1", SUM("column_name2 ("
FROM "table_name "
GROUP BY "column_name1 "
HAVING (arithematic function condition (
Create Table
CREATE TABLE "table_name"
")column 1" "data_type_for_column_1,"
"column 2" "data_type_for_column_2,"
( ...
Drop Table
DROP TABLE "table_name "
Truncate Table
TRUNCATE TABLE "table_name "
Insert Into
INSERT INTO "table_name" ("column1", "column2(... ,"
VALUES ("value1", "value2 (... ,"
Update
UPDATE "table_name"
SET "column_1" = [new value[
WHERE {condition {
Delete From
DELETE FROM "table_name"
WHERE {condition{
:
sql : Query
.
. Query : Resault set
: Database
.

: SELECT

.
.
SELECT "column_name" FROM "table_name" :
: :

Table Store_Information
Date

Sales store_name

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston
SELECT store_name FROM Store_Information

Los Angeles
San Diego
Los Angeles
Boston

: WHERE

:
SELECT "column_name"
FROM "table_name"
WHERE "condition"
: . :
Table Store_Information
Date

Sales store_name

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston
SELECT store_name
FROM Store_Information
WHERE Sales > 1000

store_name
Los Angeles

: AND OR

where .
AND OR where .
"SELECT "column_name
"FROM "table_name
"WHERE "simple condition
{[AND|OR] "simple condition"}+
{}+ .
AND OR .
: .
:
Table Store_Information
Date

Sales store_name

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston
SELECT store_name
FROM Store_Information
WHERE Sales > 1000
)OR (Sales < 500 AND Sales > 275

store_name
Los Angeles
San Francisco

COUNT .
. .
SELECT COUNT("column_name") FROM table_name
: :

Store_Information Table
store_name
Los Angeles
San Diego
Los Angeles
Boston

Sales
$1500
$250
$300
$700

Date
Jan-05-1999
Jan-07-1999
Jan-08-1999
Jan-08-1999

COUNT(store_name) FROM Store_Information SELECT

(count(store_name

COUNT DISTINCT .
:

Store_Information SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT store_name) FROM


:
(Count(DISTINCT store_name

. SUM

.
.

SELECT "column_name1", SUM("column_name2") FROM


"BY "column_name1 "table_name" GROUP
: .
Table Store_Information
Sales store_name

Date

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston

store_name, SUM(Sales) FROM Store_Information GROUP SELECT


store_name BY

SUM(Sales) store_name
Los Angeles

$1800

San Diego

$250

Boston

$700

Group By
select . .

.
.
" SELECT "column_name
" FROM "table_name
"WHERE "condition
[ ORDER BY "column_name" [ASC, DESC
][ where where .
order ASC . )(a to z DESC (z to
).a ACS.
.
:
column_name1" [ASC, DESC], "column_name2" [ASC, DESC" ORDER BY
: . .
Table Store_Information
Sales store_name

Date

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston

FROM Store_Information ORDER BY Sales DESC * SELECT

Sales store_name

Date

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston
Jan-08-1999 $300 San Francisco
Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego

where . like
) .
(.
"SELECT "column_name
"FROM "table_name
}WHERE "column_name" LIKE {PATTERN
:
' : 'ABC% ABC .
' : '%XYZ XYZ .
' : '%AN% AN .
: . .
Table Store_Information

Date

Sales store_name

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston

FROM Store_Information WHERE store_name LIKE * SELECT


'%'%AN

Date

Sales store_name

Jan-05-1999 $1500 LOS ANGELES


Jan-08-1999 $300 SAN FRANCISCO
Jan-07-1999 $250 SAN DIEGO

BETWEEN - SQL server

: BETWEEN

IN
value1 . BETWEEN
. value2
SELECT "column_name"
FROM "table_name"
WHERE "column_name" BETWEEN 'value1' AND 'value2'
January January 6, 1999 . :
. 10, 1999
Table Store_Information
store_name
Sales
Date
Los Angeles
$1500
Jan-05-1999
San Diego
$250
Jan-07-1999
Los Angeles
$300
Jan-08-1999
Boston
$700
Jan-08-1999

FROM Store_Information WHERE Date BETWEEN 'Jan-06- * SELECT


'Jan-10-1999' 1999' AND


store_name
Sales
Date
San Diego
$250
Jan-07-1999
San Francisco
$300
Jan-08-1999
Boston
$700
Jan-08-1999


.
HAVING where .
. query Having .
. group by having
SELECT "column_name1", SUM("column_name2")
FROM "table_name"
GROUP BY "column_name1"
HAVING (arithematic function condition)
. :
Table Store_Information
Date

Sales store_name

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston

store_name, SUM(sales) FROM Store_Information GROUP SELECT


< (SUM(sales BY store_name HAVING

SUM(Sales) store_name
$1800

Los Angeles

SQL . query
query .

:
][SQL Statement 1
MINUS
][SQL Statement 2
).
(
Table Store_Information
store_name Sales Date
Los Angeles $1500 Jan-05-1999
$250 Jan-07-1999

San Diego

Los Angeles $300 Jan-08-1999


$700 Jan-08-1999

Boston

Table Internet Sales


Sales

Date

Jan-07-1999 $250
Jan-10-1999 $535
Jan-11-1999 $320
Jan-12-1999 $750
SELECT Date FROM Store_Information
MINUS
SELECT Date FROM Internet_Sales
:
Date
Jan-05-1999
Jan-08-1999

Union query .
union join .
. union
. union
). . ( select Distinct

][SQL Statement 1
UNION
][SQL Statement 2
: .
. .
Table Store_Information

Sales store_name

Date

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston
Table Internet Sales
Sales Date
$250 Jan-07-1999
$535 Jan-10-1999
$320 Jan-11-1999
$750 Jan-12-1999
SELECT Date FROM Store_Information
UNION
SELECT Date FROM Internet_Sales
:
Date
Jan-05-1999
Jan-07-1999
Jan-08-1999
Jan-10-1999
Jan-11-1999
Jan-12-1999
SELECT DISTINCT Date
.

Union all query .


union union union
all .

:
][SQL Statement 1
UNION ALL
][ SQL Statement
: .
. . union .
Table Store_Information
Sales store_name

Date

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston

Table Internet Sales


Sales Date
$250 Jan-07-1999
$535 Jan-10-1999
$320 Jan-11-1999
$750 Jan-12-1999
SELECT Date FROM Store_Information
UNION ALL
SELECT Date FROM Internet_Sales
:
Date
Jan-05-1999
Jan-07-1999
Jan-08-1999
Jan-08-1999
Jan-07-1999
Jan-10-1999
Jan-11-1999
Jan-12-1999

union SQL . union


OR . AND
.

:
][SQL Statement 1
INTERSECT
][Statement 2 SQL
: .
. . union .
Table Store_Information
Sales store_name

Date

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston
Table Internet Sales
Sales Date
$250 Jan-07-1999

$535 Jan-10-1999
$320 Jan-11-1999
$750 Jan-12-1999
SELECT Date FROM Store_Information
INTERSECT
SELECT Date FROM Internet_Sales
:
Date
Jan-07-1999

.
.
.
.
: From
.
join . Join
alias .
"SELECT "table_alias"."column_name1" "column_alias
"FROM "table_name" "table_alias
. .
: .
Table Store_Information
Sales store_name

Date

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston

A1.store_name Store, SUM(A1.Sales) "Total Sales" FROM SELECT


BY A1.store_name Store_Information A1 GROUP

Total Sales Store


Los Angeles

$1800

San Diego

$250

Boston

$700

: IN

SQL IN .
where .
.
. .
.
"SELECT "column_name
"FROM "table_name
)WHERE "column_name" IN ('value1', 'value2', ...
: .
.
Table Store_Information
Date

Sales store_name

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston
* SELECT
FROM Store_Information
)'WHERE store_name IN ('Los Angeles', 'San Diego

Date

Sales store_name

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego

join .
.
Table Store_Information
Sales store_name

Date

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston
Table Geography
store_name region_name
East

Boston

East

New York

Los Angeles West

West

San Diego

.
Geography Store_Information
.
.
store_name .
.
SELECT A1.region_name REGION, SUM(A2.Sales) SALES
FROM Geography A1, Store_Information A2
WHERE A1.store_name = A2.store_name
GROUP BY A1.region_name
:
SALES REGION
East

$700

$2050 West
sql . region_name
Geography REGION . sales
Store_Information sales .
Geography . A1 Store_information . A2
.
Geography.region_name REGION, SUM(Store_Information.Sales) SELECT
SALES
SQL .
.
. where join
. " "store_name Geography
Store_Information .
where . where
join .
. 4 x 4 = 16

.
.
outer join .
.
") "(+ where .
Table Store_Information
Sales store_name

Date

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston

Table Geography
store_name region_name
East

Boston

East

New York

Los Angeles West


West

San Diego

Geography
. join
New York .
.
SELECT A1.store_name, SUM(A2.Sales) SALES
FROM Georgraphy A1, Store_Information A2
)WHERE A1.store_name = A2.store_name (+
GROUP BY A1.store_name
oracle .
:
SALES store_name
Boston

$700

New York
$1800 Los Angeles
$250 San Diego
: NULL .
New York Store_Information .

. SQL.
SUM . AVG

function type(column_name") FROM table_name SELECT

: .
Table Store_Information
Sales store_name

Date

Jan-05-1999 $1500 Los Angeles


Jan-07-1999 $250 San Diego
Jan-08-1999 $300 Los Angeles
Jan-08-1999 $700 Boston
FROM Store_Information (SELECT SUM(Sales

Sales : SUM

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