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The Discursive Froeluction of Se!ves

Rom Flnrr6
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r\ltstll,t(l'.'l'ltcconccptof'Scif'hasbe:cnthclircttsc'ln:ucltrccct)t\\'()lkirl t l r c t i t c l i c r t lP s v c i t o l o g v .i ) i f l i c r r l t i c sh l t t c l - ' c t r t a t l c i l s t P i r r l i ) d t r c t o t h c t ilsclI ln tlris lrilllcr :ln.ilttcnrpt.s 1 , , . t 1 1 ' . c u r ( . r t t s - c i t l t rolfc ll c r c o n c c P l i hc sttrtlics ,latlc t., clclr lhc grtrttnd for tlt(lrr ih:rrpll focrrst'tl llslchological S o f p c r s o t t h o o d[ r v t l i s t i r r g u i s l r i r r gc l l : I ' r ' r t r - r l h l ; - - t h c . p l r i l o s o p h c ' t ' s ' c o n c c p t to in his o f l , c r s o n l l i r l c n i i i y . t r o i n S c-l lt- l:l.ct l r c S c l I t l [ r t C o t f t r r l r r r c f c f l c t l ; l r g u r l r c l r t L l r n so l l t h c i l s s t l l 1 l l l t i o t lrl l l t s t t r r l i c sr ' f S c l f - p r . c i c n t a t i r r n . [)(tth conccPts of Sclf arc !rtdisp.'nsablc l'otll for tlndcrst:ln(]illg Jlcrsrnst h o t : d i t t r d i t r r l i v i n g i l s l ) c r s ( ) t r s P r o h l c t t t sl n t l n t i s t t n d c t s t ; t t t t l i n g s c n t ' t t s c o f i r i a l l l l r i t ; ' r i i t f c{ r i l r l l n l i l l i i i l l t l r o r i c l s l t r r u n ( l c r s t : i n d i n g fronl thc o i l L l c ( l L l i l tr t l o t l c l s - l r l l o t Y sl l c t o l l r ( r l ) o s ci t c l l l . ' l s o t rt i t l k . S c i t i n t | . , l t l l l ( ) r c of s o c i x l c o n s t [ u c t i o n i i ti l . c . r u t t tt t I b , r i l t p l c s c t l t c ' l S e! r ' e sa n t l o f t h c s c n s c s u l r j c c t i v cr i n g u l : r r i t v .

'l'lreProl>leruutic Sclf of 'l'he ill can ttccl:tts bc sL'clr evcnso silnplc:r ttI coniltlexity pcLson.co rnrplicit ttt irt sclf-nrilnagemc rvlts scssi0rr th phraseas_ t rvitll w,hicha $.orkshop q'crc irtvitccl to Particil;ants progratllnrc' itr rlescribcd a reccntcotrferetrce 'N{anaging Seif lrcftl|c otlrcrs'. who tlocs the attend a scssion,callc.tl
l r l a r t i t g i t t sa n c l u ' l t o i s r r l a t t l t g c d 'fo o r v h i c l rc a t e g o r y o f b c i n g s , t u : t i t a g c r s t '

ffig?Tlratthereisat|uaIily.ofScl|uptlrltht:

e q411e-9f pctsonaI i(lcnti t)- i t Yl r.l p,lltlt qp!"f {,:tylryl4:1!<Iyg*t! has not bccrt-!.bc-pr.lp.ti,f,.tl-y$-ql-tlLr9-,ilL'l'lj$i't;i"tttitl tj9-ilorrllotlit 'iii,,t irt of tl**,ilt"r *f,"u iiie Selflrasbccn tlrc focus cottccrn 1".., t"";1,,1",1 -rill:i,-rf,-,ry (K,ot,ui,l97t)it ir llrcscr)te(l ((;i,iii.'i,"i, i1i59)!-ii'-'Lp-.yllrq!iiv 'l -.SEti;ai.:iirinrCaq_S{:ct irit!.e_[)e,cfl..invL.s(ig hc S-c!!-trf-pi:rs-Qn:rI tctl. t6;; -i-.ffimilo11r[L'f|-lf..y1'Lf".1f,lccl]1.'s. *-lrilc sirlgyfiq'i1v !,9]l:^ir rlc^ccS'\ar']

lrlrs of ,"..-,s;ition.I rvhichthe intelLigi6ility thc * orkslt.p titlc dcpencls' izctl. long been recosn

ltalli!(-l;i;. l;ij-"tt*'tLv
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()f lllc l : r s n c c [ ( ] l t ) c r s ( ) l l l l r ) ( ) ( 1:.r k i t t g t l l c c r i s t c l l c c ; r t t t l s i t t q t t l i l r i t y

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on rvlte'n onc rcflcc{s tltctlrsclses tlrnt stlggcst tlttcstitlns Anrortgthc Itt:ltty two of oI cxanlplcs- the r.luality selilrcrocl gro i)s s!'clllccnlr:ll to nrc- q!gI'lorv do theY tlrcsqSelvr:+'l' qrourr is ontolo$icitl. lvltlt.sorlt- !r.i-bc.itlgi.lIfc -&i.tt:,-1-t.',*lru ilt*tiunc to be?'I!:!.-ct{tst-gl,]I!p is epillclllg!,'Jglgl!.ller' frtlll,both tllcrnsqgcs. Sclvcsreally_iritltlcrr ,,re t6{ f -r,, 'r? ,f L.' ',r,rn1,eing

--rft[or,mr y-lt-6IfmF-oTrttrc-siiE-ofn;Tfi e.

takcsthe srnlL' :l'(l t() rcllcctupon (llat itction.It :rl*.ays to tlrc ca'ac:ity i.lct iorin, typiiiecl by tlrc singtrlar point of vicrv lrorn rvhich caclt enlbodied is if. p"rrn,.r ..,,r.'"yt {hc rrtatctial ri orlcl.-f-!r-qrigirr. that-<lugstion raisg94L rr*rtu'uti.n. i,ll, .""n.,, to bc irr tlrc ltr.ccssof lrurrra,,' ------ In t5e nalurc-cull.ure

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sinF -,r,i.ipt " . ) j . - , ' _ ' . . . ' , ' - - ' ' ' : ' ' rU po]ts.',lx)rrs r r L L I , . ui j!:1r'inlo'Self-1"" thertccc'ssryv ula'i1-!^I9Uf9 lrt,rlrL'rr\,(r'Sclvcs-. :

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ii' ii'iiirtv lrr: pllggllc d ili i6nio tcrnTi n-inil usJIitS cl vcs ili-ai ai s!!L!!!t-'r-tll! v,bs ncic:lii'cd l1 't prcscntal.rons, "'' dr v T[lC1'utrsC O l ) l Ca c t . I tr,rscSclvcs ( - clustcrs coordinatcd' ' " " " ' . . ' l l l c w : l V S pcripii-riit. t l c s c a t c l v c 5 :rrcr r u i r r L r ) of l) --fl* ilfi*Gi; in that arc nrxtrifcstcd rvhatpcopleclo Ottr *i fisortalitics itt t lrc rrl to are ancl orvrrcltaructcLs ptrblicpcrsonas avlilai)l(-' ncvie.--,1qcthis sclu;cis s<ltnelintcs i'r i r t o l . l t e l sr c : l c t t ( ) \ \ ' l l i l t w e io;-f ti,,"'.1uio'*.f g"*r,tfry'has to 6c rv.rkeil f.t- Ort the basis.l . t]tlf oI to srorvingscnsitir,itli thc reactions oihcrs \\c can lcurn to lll()l]ltor in cvctt rvhilelve arc ctt-[agetl to irt ic,li,rrr-rancc rt:spt;nsc tllosc te:tctiotrs ptiorrt6at cl.ri,.ls lVc .ru:it lind orlr way rSr.ugh t6c lclgof Scll-tlccc ihc.rn. attxlIttonitor\ils o\\'r) that nrarragcs Sclf-undclstarttlirrg. -!..lit:l,:yli-t!g,Scll i. ,r.".*'4.icliii".t ,,. i[aiilinlrt'li[ii.-"Ur'.Lttr;Scjlif. ancl tlrou{hlii rrcliorrs by t;11111ir:icallv lL,jrrrcvc' i6c ii.isiirilii',; ,rt ticirlg..!t11!iqr'! ii: I t'iS-lxitfaa'i";ti -p:r- rdilic [4u!sQ9!9ruL i rsi I c'ry n,rtuic5ii* cf"-i:[ q!1]ggr$ 9!.Y_rl:'L'l,rl..i!I tltrrt lravc' rvor.rltl to c'rttch Sclfrvlric6 i s i b l ct o i t s c i l .s i ;,.'i,;iiiilJ" irr"lf.li** it ir rtr..r

t h e i re x n c r i c n c e . ' l r elcn:ents Jfi-ut r'cting [r.tlt grtrups tlf qucstions. Kant cr.lrlttritted l irrrcsiarir.i-nirr-atlr cortstructiotlist iEt6iiliT oT tltc tbr cauclidatc thc .,f t'.l:ut,,''"nt Self is a serious,al."*rrtirlive ;rilni?s..1. FIi.s -Jt;i-.lu of t i,', of a ps.vcht>logy Scllhoocl.I proposcto cxanritrcits ptrtcntial r't p i n t h a t r o l c i r ru n o t l t e r a p e r . '['o ilnswclslllvc [rcclt-rather iraclitiorral gr.,,,p.,i (lLlestions tltc second

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c ( \ r r \ c t s ; r ( i o r l s ' - i l l lt(l ll c i l 1 ; , , . i i . ; t , , i i u , a r , , . r r,r r t, rl r r l r L lj L ' i r r t l v a i ) l q L ' ( i call ortr tlrirlkirrg I :tttg'slc(l \\L' f'x,ii,gn.ilL-ruDIir.'-ti'lrtirs'rt'ltnsyc r r r : r r r : r , - t5 t 'g l , c " o K c t t t l iy i . , t i t l i . s . J , . , , r , l t i ps c r r r l t e t ircr r r i t i c s ' S c l v c s . l ' . ' l l r c ' S c l f - I ' r v h i c l rI callctla c i ) u t n o t r ) a n r e l t y t t i c r i t t c o I L h c* o r k s h o p ' r l i l l l - ' c ' l r l o l t r r r g c rk r l o r v r v h o I a n t l ' i s l l c l v t y p i c l r lo I r v i l l r c f c l l o a s l t s i t t g t t l l ltlt y . d Llotrhle trtv lll lhc Iirst . , l . , r , ' g " I t r s t t c l la . i , ' i ' ' p l , ' i ' t t l t e p l o i r o r r l t ' l ' c l o c s * ' l r o s c r c r r t a r ki l i s ' r v h i l e i n t i t t s l o t i i ' l a b e l s t l t c t c t n l t t l ku ' i t l r r h c S c l f - l r l t c s P c a k c tn t i g h t. t i r k c s f s c c o n ds l o t i 1 r ' e c r s t ( ) t l l D v a f i o t l sS c l ' ; c s - 2 ' l t i c l r L t l r f c n t t l t ] { l c l t l l i l i t iyl l r ( ) l l t t t r 1 . ) . ' [ ' h c , . " ' l t rrlcet l l t r kc x l ) r c s s c s l t c s l l t - l l k c r ' s lt cll tlt!lctltcttlsclrr's h c . r ] l t i . l t, , f t l l c I l t a r l vp o s :t; i l . r lS t : l i ' c s - 2 c o r s h e c a t t s c c t t t 'kcp c i l s i l Y\ " i L l l t i l r r r l i r r t it l l i l t t l ] c c ( ) r ] c c Po i S c l f - l c l i d L ) s i t o b e . I t s l r o L l l t[ , ' e trsc cr o o n c c r l t h c r t i l t i t l n s l P L - r s o i l a i i t v t t r c n t l yi t l il\' ()f l poitr t o f \ icn' qff.lllr.,rg (,j1glscfl1lfcss is r ootccl itt thc siitqLtlrtt I ltttnlllit bod;' lrs tllc ll fl'L'tlccl O' tl)tl robLlstn,'ifial 'crsistcncc trf tl;c L tltcil pcr:pcctlvc otl tllc l v;'!-llS!:B).!U lrl)nr \\ rrrcrr e l t c h p et s t . r r g ; r i l l s I ' ils iln agcn{ is lilort- \\cilkly f'lxtc(l to i r l i y s r c a l\ \ ( ) r l L ] . N l o l : l l c t l r l t i r t u i r y lrrc t c l i t i n l s t o a n d c l i s c i i l i r l r c r sl f r c s l l o n s i b i l i t v il.'i.onnoo.t sirtce ottt-'s \\'hilc l o c a t i t l r ri n a l t l c a l t t c l s o r k o f p t l s i t i o n s i tl i l r . o r , r r r t i ct r t t n e ' s s l r i [ r i r l g tltc rrorltl tlttc ltits' ilt lcilstilt itnc hitsonlv orlc btlrly llonr rvlrichto stlrvcv t r p o r l! t l p l i n c i p l c . n l : t n y n l o t a l l l t l s i t i t l n sl o n l s h i c l r t o i l c l hxYc (lrawll lrttclltion to tl)c Rcccttt tcllcctionson lhcse nlatters s c l l c l l ] eI l t a v c s k c t c l r e t l o i n f l t t c t t c eo I s o c i a l l a c t t l r so t t s e v c ta l a s p e c t s f t l l e

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.ii ' i' t.' 'lri ' c L l r . i I e ' . [ . r [ - r " ' i i * t . s c t u . l s -rclrl :tn(i ilTSTl()tlLr' (.1!-rscrl ir ,,t iiieJirr.iLr,li.^ S.ltttr(),)(l tiii;q-lTxt'a vlTii;rrs llc' di]s[-ircliitlri\t !lrrsrr' lqlr] a-9TS. ,.\.cg!Ir1i11r., lr[l tliallre l-'rt'Ts " corl(ingcll! ; t * tY t h c t t t : c c s s l ts i r t g L r l ; r l i l v , . l l ' l t . t ti,' ' *S t ' l t ' t i - 1 r r ' : " l ' c l r - o t ' l l r c 'in 'r1 rv'trs ls Scl"'cs'l :trc (lT'-Anrf.\iiL11 1t'1;r'r1ti:1rli!1cs 1re '.lri191l ait,ii.-'i-ti iltiiili:s-'il' t':rtrrirr ',, -c1l-r!irlg--(1111 I,iniJ-.'.i-r'-" tr;Ufai.ji'i^

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t tli.sclrt-sivc tritcticcs cott[ttrtttitlq lo Ioc:rl ctrllur;tl rtorrrts.lJoLlt kirrtl-s ll l 'olrcscll'':uttl l o o t h cl s . 0 S c l r c s c ' s i r t t r t t l . t:-t : P r c s c ' t t t : l l i ( ) t ll s

Onc llodY, One Sclfl -l'hc c'9.nsiq-clj!'gtrs'broatl conclttsitln lllat clllcrges fr-tlnt rhcse p le linrirl4-ly-

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' S c l l ' b o t l t [ o r l l l c l l c c c s - \ a r y i n g u l a r i t y o f l l o r t - g r a t l t o l o g i c a le r s o t : p s rvord iln(l Lo h o Q r l a n t l [ O r ' t l r e r r l t r l r i p l i c i t y c l f t l r i r r g s\ v c ? r c t o o n d l l l ' l o t l l c r 'I'lrc s l l : L i c ss o n l c r r f ( l i s intcffocativc l)roilotll)'\\'lttl'/l"hrlt;r' oLrrsclvcs. I linil'-rll. I a r r r b i ! : u i t v . n o n c s et t s c o [ ' r r l t t r ' ; t r c t t l a r k I i k c . l t l r q r i ' - 1 1 o 1 1 y ] 1 9 I'c tlscd t() c\lllcs\ (ll'ric s"li-i"fc,rriu,r-i"1,ru i'i,ur,'rlt.'l-s.''xclllrrr

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criiis in the seci,"il'Onc 1n,,r.r ,,* i;,ii;Jiin itr.:,tiiiv oi n*ltrrlrii to fail oriJ'sexl1rcr6ir.c i,,t"i"iC,i. t .rirtrqnir_r1f*r1C;ryS:) Dlllis,I 'iiirii) ri lrilg Llr; tTrrrlr .i --c SclT-1i1k!.qg .<liig-.';,fiitil,":s;.n(anl: -,,it:iet!' irs ptjsentirioniiri pcrsonlrtiiril scctib;'.trther: sc,.-iai c,1' p,rIntirit '- irtis iilici t.,iScld''l-hesc irr p:rit cx1''rcssiorrs' *'crertoi fclicittlus thc cirllccl iir' siibjecriv :t'14 sin-eliiiriivtri' 9-bjg9llililr ffi't1ic,irr-Ett l-'f4lliliLgi!y-!o-thiT-ificrc-Ts-erpe iilgiiiiiift. ai-\i;11 i,t 1ii"'ien'."<t rr-rntiiiticity rr"-.nceif . ilc l f ' l r a sb c c t r n rtc e f a v o t i r e $ o t d I o r b o t l t : t s l l c c . , f ts cl h Unfortrrr'.rtc v n,c-itia;-,t*tto;i :,t-i nrt,rtirtr,liEioril'lifr' Ctui"tc': iire i"iie tii-\riiss .-lle=:lu I s scribe ltorvltcr origirta y .'-s chriiiip-lir irloriiili Pi:iiif ..'ru.fi f vllillt,-' ,.le
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1.c'p9rt-s ,*-. lloiil ai-c tho'se contnritmc'n(s Lrndertakcn flqr1 i{-.yrt11t-lftrtlq|.9,LG1 .'''hich ttld nTq91 sblf-f rin.i Sc\91-2-a1e1-51nt1p1i1111191,-.s-ttgcrintposctlr'rt r'-r ; peii eni e Ft i rt ue o f tl ei r ro le-!4! e d5 g1s !5-PI9{99 ry!9I I'l r ss g-l! - x:rFe taceoi tcnrptatiorts giEalitfffi;ulttfilktiugEllt.tel"tislltslll-inJ personI ant rcierrinqttl in to alkxv ti'ieiclcatlrat in spcaking tlrc 'lrst in Sltotter's by nroclel, treillustratcd a slippage -lohtr can the nrl.sclf. nanting ( 1987) synrposiunr Association Psychological to contliLrution an Atnerican
l ::.-r----ii-i :- "-'j

a contaills deep insight ' His in nrotle rnisrn psycholo-ny. contribution on 1;ost "'l;' clocsnot signifylny identitv, rvlto I anl to nryself." 'it is not the 'I' doesnot spcakSelves-2 it.ltoexistetrce nanreoI rvhorveare.'l hc useof Shottel avoiclsthe [arniliar slidc by rranringthem. In these passagcs, 'rvho',nantelynry Self I or one oI nly fepertoire of ,r bttu,ee tlrc trvoscnscs oI c y o s e l v c s - 2B u t i r r ' ; i t i r t g f t h e n l u l t i p l i c i t a r r dh i s t o r i c a lo t r t i r t s c n c y . of pernrancnt' that hc Selves-Z slipsinto the old presrrpposition thcre is sonre cloes theserrrarvcllous all of singularity Self rvhich(rvho'?) extra-cliscursivc '' '. .rvltoI atn to nrvself rvlriclt lre retrtarks . .is sonrcthing things. [sic],' as it is nry life'sproject both to make anclto discover I occupy:tndrct itr

ROA| IIARRI

tlltqS ol'Miss IJcaucltallll) is rlot docisivc.'l ltitt sltc tliscurs[-d1'-9s!i1b]-r-d-rcl!l'

_ ---:::j--: -----':'---' :-' '

-t',iiJttt'.ut' rllrich sllcs.l-:r !y -ct!'..i,t-:lfigtL!:tt-l Sclves-l doesnot Dro\:cthlt ttrc ) C l v C S - I U O C SI l O t I ) r O \ : C t l l A t t l l c r , ( r ) u

lrcinqrnavtre r srrrii\rr'rrIut o-ISelTiio-cxl. not tl glvclr. l..,'rrrii'rgulziiiliciof Prescntc:d ll_il"tlogq-yls rvi;;-oaili;'Cii.-Oi,

ron. l2g!:!!]!gjt!jLl9r_!l-_yr:r t h e t)etailctl studics i r plicity nilit-t,rzrt. rnultinliciw a cultur:tl abcrrati a t u r a l I , tler

conrparatve et hnoeranh of sllctl\-b ill9_1S,lit1t",'t-19jt49-11i qrll1:1 i v 11 "lg as tncs. liavc becir u!-q!9(akq!r.. ffi-iaiillslt Iii"c-trigrr- ut'dcrlilkclrffio" r : : : : . . vistrr.-of a:varietyoI thqy-sg-em-to-opctr'rrp-a iffihl6;utl.r' & Hffi; 199()). It rvotrltl irr-tlrc{jrs1 ,sense ilutrps'l@ho<;rl o-rigiq t-[c9f i6t u"',*te^.tnitrl=-"t.-ltakq-!rts.+Lqfts"..s-lpi a .:trittjlzrl --;
-----.-: ,--:-.-.--;t' . - , . : - . - r - . ^ .. . .. t - | : .. r- ^ , I by -c;14lrlishcd, >. 1--tru.'ticc-s,r lrich !clvcs- I itrc disctlr'sivcly

clo--Y!!r'y .r"':tys _tn tlrc first-personsrzlnll.nars, indexical propertici ,ol,ty-hjqh-

'l'irc 'Sclf Paratligm ()i r S o f a r i n t h i s a r r a l y s i sI l t l l v c c x i t t t t i t t c ctl h c c t l t l l l t l c x c l r t s t c -o f c ' ) l ) c c l ) l s thcsc torrii ltt.slf[.Gr, stitnlt]1irr,into tltc

'Sclf'syntagmatiS!].!y. tllat I nlearl tllcrv:tvtl't't Il11t-!,!tj,i!-!lokl!l-j'r!-q -t ' Pyh r r i r r g h ()t \cqll'^l)tlirl

u'hich it clrt be glplicated bu! '.t]1o tlxr-sc lry .not jusi liy bLircrrvordshrt6rrgh -liri'

dcrl\' r t !: d r : i er t t ti r t c c l irg.-trl-!l c:llllcqp,li s -!L!'.!9I!r-i111:^!l structutc of cli-scqu,rle., !ol! svcr. the-1r1eirn

i, rrq.ttil' ;; *1i-c [i [-.ll i" 11rffdl-s,i,'triur*ci1llq.ltil'pilrlrtli-c",fiic-ainGniioForllq.l$$!$!1p!1 *. ot;l; ", "-tti'"hc tlisctrrsivc arc slnrtrolsthxt Pxir irt a polarizccl1-'araclignt f ti19p-.ll'q.dlg11n.
. r.'ithonc attolltcr'Itl attYact of spcitkirtq tt.'f *"it.lingf,,l only try contrast ty tlrc cxcluclcs olllcf. a one 'tlle of strclt pat'a4igrn the choiccoia ternr frorrr s1'tttbls lirr carbaugh (19s8/l9li9)has slro$,nho$' one sct rrl' discrrlsivc just strcha English,constitutcs it Self-constutirrg talk, nanrelyAnlc:rican 'l'lrc nrcans for thc linguistic:foctts tnoves alvay frtlnr the paraclignr. conccpts to creittionof selves-1 the usesof $,orilsftlr abstract cxpressi"e 'pcrson'ancl'sclf ill contrastrvitjt $,orris ancl like indivitJuality e*presring collcctsocict\".'thiscountry'.ivhicltexprcss phiascslikc'contcnrpor:rrv 'fhcse po at the contrasting les-'&]!g -t! o['inragcs' are rvorcls vehiclcs ivity.

rjl:l:{Lf*--S."l,,

c o n I rasl opcn ic t o f i,r rrtr a stti'V c

o1e1:qt 11,tg1c Clrtr.rch' ..ui p.rron' as an intagcof irtglividua]ji15;gq of c couniif .Ifril so on as irtragcs -c'ollcctivitl'. shorv lrt tlte n] iti,"un fi:i.) thc Don;thttc rcs"rr.h materirifis e*fa"sl]\

itr arc the in talk createci the shorv polesof thc palacligrlr rtsecl suclllt rvly as (l9iiti/ Carbatrglt to displaya cultural prcfcrcncefor onc of tltenr.'['hus 'culturally, of "self" is a ntoclel pcrsonrvhicltscparatcs p. 1989, 20a)states, ancl frcc actingpcrstlnitl thc tlrc one ftonr otlters,loregrotrntling rrniqtrc .f is i nroclcl sociation,a coln.lo* attclctrttstlitinittg prcsent.,.Society" tlris nro4cl.f 1!crs.nis valLrccl socialb,ckgrourid.In Donah.e tlisc.urse. "sclf" is assc'ted a{ltinst n,lrcr-c a crcating sccne over tlrisleicl of sociation, grants antl takcs arvity itltcottslv "society". c.g. . .eacltsynlbtll sintttlt ' :rnd cornmonality identification) inclivitlullity(or tlivisiort) ior

62

( l l i I ) r s c u F s t v l i I , R ( ) t ) l : ( . I l ( ) N) t : s l : t v r . s

sltorvs ort socicty,Cartratrrlr Drarving (lccrtz's (197(r) stutlyoI Javlrtcsc discottrscs Sclf anclsrrcicty drarvon (liffcrcntlysPccifictl horvJav;rncsc of prcfcrcnccft)r and usc tlrcscrcsources displaya crrltrrral parzldignr-scts to 'urrion po a s hc t a n r lc t r n r l n o t t a l i t y ' . ' l 'p a r i r t l i g r r r i L t i lc r i t i c r c l c v a n ( o J a v a t t c s c 1'he first set is struct.urcd by in t*'o setsof contrasted inrages. Sclf appcar the oppositionbctrvecn /air ('insidc' a persolr,rnorc exactly pcrltrps

'flte 'privatc') secontl is Nrth bnlin('otttside' person sct or'public').

s t r u c t t r r c d a r o u n r l t l r e o p p o s i t i o r ra l r r s ( c i v i l i z e d ) a n d / r r r s a r( v u l g a r ) . I - a i r c x p r c s s e s h e p e r s o r t a l o c a t i o n o f i n r n r e d i a t en d p r i v a t e f c e l i n g s ,r v l r i l c l t t b a l i r r e x p r c s s e s l t c i n t c r l ) c r s o n r l l o c i r t i o n o f s o c i a l l yc o l r c c t p u b l i c l c t i o n s . r \ c c o r r l i n g t o J a v a n c s c n r r t l i t l p s y c h o l o g vt r o t i r f c c l i n g s a n i l i t c t i o t r s l t o u l t i v i r c i n a c c o r t i a r t c e , i i h t l l c p r i n c i p l c s s r r n r r r r c ttlr l ) o I t t h c c ( ) n c c i ) to [ r t / r l . t . 'ri'hctr titc Jlrvallesc irrl. A.ccortling to CaLb.ruglt (19f3/1989, p. 2t)l). , , , , a y sc i ' , i i b u t u n [ c c l i n , g , t h c L l r r f c l l g c s ' r l t r c i s p r o p c r i y oulviarrlly irt b c i i s p l a y c r li;r n d r v h c r ra r o r r s c di n i c c l i n g b l i t c r - r r s t n t i t t c c i' , ' t i t e s t a n t l l r d s o f a c t i n . s ,p r . o p e r l v f e l t i s u n g e s t u r c d i e c l i n g . ' \ V e a r c u o r v i r t l p o s i t i o n t o a r i c l r e s st h e p r o l r l c t t t l c f t o v e r f r o t r t t i : c Se d i s c u s s i o n h a t b r o u g h t o u t t l r e d i f f c r c - n c e, . u t r . , ' e c n l f - 1 , t l l o p r e s c i r t a t i o n l t o f r , . ' i r i c l ii s : r c h i c v c t l g r a n r n r : l t i c a l l y , l r r ; c l S c l y c s - 2 r " ' h t t s c I t t t t t i c o f i c : : 1 > r e s s i , ,r ra se [ t p a i i i a l l y u n e x p l i c a t c d . ' l ' h c r cs r ] l o r c t L )e l l c i l o f o n c ' s ov i a S c l v e s - 2t l l a n t h e c l r a n e i n g l c v e l s o f c o r n r l i i r r r e n t t l r i : t o c c r , r r s o n e s i r i f t s f t . o n rp o s i t i o n t o p o s i l i o n . W e h a r e f o l l o r v c c ji h c \ \ ' x y S c i [ - 1 i s c r ea ' r e db ] s t L r c i ' , i n t l r c g r i t r n n : r r ro f f i r s t - P c r s o ni r r r l c r i c a l s .I t u : r s b y [ o l l o r v i n g q g m r n r r r a t i c a ll r i c st l r : r t t h c c i l s eo f L I i s s I l e l u u h : l i n pw a s u r l f a v c l l c d .B u t c r v l r a t o f t i r e d i s c u r s i v e p r o d u c t i o n o f S c l v e s - 2 ' lC a r b a u g h ' s s i u d i c s a r c lt clirectly re lcvant to that (Frcstion. Selves_.1_rdl, p it ti-r--iit -c!ilc.lurrLlq -ia_1ltc,
'.._----.----.'''L.--

'fhc c r c g c r . t o i r eo f 1 x e - s c n cr s s c c n a s t h c r c s u l t o f a p a r u c l i g n t a t i c h o i c e . e l t S e l l c s - 2 n r r . r sb e e x a c t l y c q u i v a l e n t t o t h c p o L L I - . q o n c e p ttsl a t d c 0 t r c t h e

ibrnr of discursive svnrbols rvhich_!ryg_llg sgd.[C1199_tlf9y-q9_]YlL".l !!$!t

prrflgl]rsjri[aqq-Tdff-iil:r-m.lF;Fir!rL{!!.A-ri].'..rr-prui"ct
. pl t r c l e v a ntto t h e u n ( l c r s t a n d i n g t l t e c l i s c u r s i v co d u c t i o ro f g e n c l c rs a y , ol by rvouldbc fornrulated. this fianrervork, a studyof the contrast-scts as in '[entinine/mlscttlirte' discursively reirlizccl. Sucha rvas rvlrich the paracligm nttlral powcr'; 'particttlaristic contrast-set nrightbc 'clorncstic porvcr/public j r : d g n r c n t s / p r i n c i prl n o r a lj u d g n r e n t s a,n d s o o r l . M u c h o f t h e n l a t e r i a l cd ' alreadyexistsscattercd for the cxplicit constrrrctior) sucl)contrast-scls of '['hc tlrrouqhhe litera{urc. i n n o v a t i v e t c p i s t o s c c t h i s n ] a t c r i a il l s a i l s t ()f procluction expression the par:rclignr of and its use in (he tlisctrrsive rvoultlbe a llrst stepinto thc gencler. Sirnilarrervorkin.g existing rnatcrial of a everycluy psychology o[ ]'outh arrtl agc. /]_li lit '.s _-!l-ggll!i::._llPoL I rrndcrlyirrg irssurnption, thlrt pcoplc irre rvlrtt tltcy lirc loclll]1Lc(ittirc!*to pSr-:'{L.EftflCIE:!1_tjcjlg: .\-'rd tliorb iJqtriltr:rcnLsarc. in thc-ir turn. io'istruliiO by-tfrc linrits ot ihe ltxafrcio-uEs fo-th-e:lilgirrsive prcSen'['hcsc local rcsource.s!\ r_gr q.In al tliiion o t.-rvh c vqlsc].rcsr-t h-c-y_]Ll_!gl_l_!_U9:. - be-preTelff6AI I tlle contrilst-scts t,L{.g,}._ IICU I in that constitute the rclcv nt Pir

IIARR6 Rorvl AcKNowt-t:D(jtli\tENt-.I ilrn plrticularly c o n l n r c n t sf r o r r r I ) ; t r r I l o t r i n s o n .

6.1 griltcful f()r srrnc vcrY hclpftrl

*I i

Referonccs . C a r b a u g hD . ( l 9 S S l l 9 S 9 )D c e p a g o n y : ' s c l f ' v s . ' s c c i c t y ' i nl ) t r n a h u ct l i s c o u r s c . , Ileseuclt irt l..anguage anl Social Interaction, 22. li9-212. Davics, 8., & I-larr6, R. (1990). Positioning.Journd J'or tlrc Theory oI Socit:l Behaviour,20,4143. G c c r t z ,C . ( 1 9 7 ( r ) . r o n rt h c n a t i v c sp o i n to f v i c r v : n t h c n a t u r co f a n i l r r o p o l o g i c a l ' O F irt u dcrstanding. In K. Basso .Q I-1. Sclby (Etls.). .1/earrrirg nntlropolog;y (pp- 221-237).Albuqucrtluc: l.lnivcrsityof Ncrv \lcrico Prcss. /r/c. Gardcrr City. NJ: Ccrflrnan,l]. (1959). Tirc prcsenlotiot of self in cr'.r-r.ll.v Doublctlly. . I I a r r i . R . ( 1 9 8 3 ) .P c r s o a aL ' c i r r gO x f o r r . lI:l l a c k t v c l l . l rl K o h r t t ,I I . ( 1 9 7 1 ) . ' f t r ca n a l y s io f t l r cs c f i N c r v Y t r r l : J t t t c r n a t i o n i t J n i v c r s i t i c s s Prcss. l . i \ f r r h l h : r u s l cP,. . & I I a r r 6 , l f . ( 1 9 9 0 ) . ' r o n o u n st n l i ' t o J ; l t 'O r f o r t l : l l l r t c k u c l l . r Kc-[lil f)rrrl"llLrsccrtt ttf t'rincc. irl. (1905).'l'\rcdi.ssrtciatiort pcrsonulity.[-crntlon: :rnclTrirbncr. S s S h o t t c r ,J . , & ( i c r g c r t ,K . J . ( l g l l f l ) . 7 ' e . \ ro f i d c l t t i 4 .L r r n t l o n : r 3 c Papcrprcscntctlto thc Anrcrican Slrottcr,J. (1c)81)Post-nodcni,rntitt1;s1'cholo.gu. ty , P s l c h o ! o g i c rA s - < o e i a t i rSn m p o s i u mN c r v Y o r k . l l/rdol)'. [.ondorr: anolssis at;d ,/}/rr1lrrs/ \\'ccclon. C. (l9ll7). Pttslslructur,,rlist Ilotrtlcdqc.

y R o r r l l . r n e f l c c t u r c si n p h i l o s o p h ya t I - i n r c t c C o l l c ' g c .L . l n i v c r s i to [ n at Orfortl, C)xfordOX I lYY, and in psycholoev Gccrrgcto$ Llnilclsity. w a s h i n r t o n ,D C 2 0 0 5 7 .