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BTHDC Chuong 4 Va 5
BTHDC Chuong 4 Va 5
BTHDC Chuong 4 Va 5
Bi tp Chng 5:
CHIU CA CC QU TRNH HA HC
5.1: D on du ca H v S ca phn ng sau: 2Cl(k) Cl2(k).
5.2: Khng dng s liu tnh ton, hy d on du ca S ca cc qu
trnh sau:
(a) O2(k) 2O(k).
(b) N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3(k).
(c) C(r) + H2O(k) CO(k) + H2(k). (d) Br(l) Br(k).
(e) N2(k, 10atm) N2(k, 1atm).
(f) Kt tinh mui t nc bin.
(g) Thy tinh kt khi.
(h) Nu chn qu trng.
(i) C(r, graphit) C(r, kim cng).
(j) n C2H4(k) (CH2CH2)n .
0
5.3: Nhit nng chy ca nc 0 C l 1435cal/mol. Tnh bin thin
entropy ca qu trnh nng chy 1kg nc 00C. (S: 292,22 cal/K)
5.4: Nhit bay hi nc 1000C l 40,7 kJ/mol. Tnh bin thin entropy
mol ca qu trnh.
(S: 109,1 J/mol.K)
5.5: Xem phn ng 298K:
2A + B C.
H = 100 kcal v S = 50 cal/K. Gi s H v S khng i theo nhit
, hi nhit no phn ng c th xy ra c ?
(S: 2000K)
5.6: Xem phn ng 298K:
A(k) + B(k) C(k). Phn ng c bin
thin ni nng U = -3,00 kcal v bin thin entropy S = -10,0 cal/K.
Tnh G v d on chiu xy ra ca phn ng. Cho R = 1,987 cal/mol.K.
(S: - 612 cal, thun)
5.7: Mt phn ng c H = -40,0 kcal 400 K. Trn nhit ny phn
ng c th xy ra, di nhit ny th khng. Tnh G v S ca phn
ng 400K.
(S: G = 0 v S = -100 cal/K)
0
5.8: Tnh S 298 ca phn ng xy ra gia 100g N2 vi oxy theo phng
trnh sau:
N2(k) + 2O2(k) 2NO2(k). Cho H0298 tt NO2(k) = 8,09
kcal/mol v G0298 tt NO2(k) = 12,4 kcal/mol.
(S: - 100 cal/K)
0
5.9: Tnh H 298 tt C2H5OH(k) da vo cc d kin sau:
2C(gr) + 3H2(k) + O2(k) C2H5OH(k)
0
S 298 (J/mol.K)
5.74
130.57 205,04
274,2
0
G 298 tt (kJ/mol) - 168,57
(S: -237,60 kJ/mol)
5.10: Xem phn ng 298K: 2A(k) + B(k) 2D(k). Phn ng c bin
thin ni nng U = -2,50 kcal v bin thin entropy S = -10,5 cal/K.
Tnh G v d on chiu xy ra ca phn ng. Cho R = 1,987 cal/mol.K.
(S: 0,04kcal, p khng th xy
ra)
5.11: Cho cc d kin sau:
PCl3(l) PCl3(k)
0
S 298 (J/mol.K)
217,1
311,7
0
H 298 tt (kJ/mol)
-319,7
-287,0
G0298 tt (kJ/mol)
-272,4
-267,8. Hy c tnh nhit si ca
PCl3 p sut thng v so snh vi thc nghim (750C). (S: 740C)
5.12: Cho cc d kin sau:
Sn(xm) Sn(trng)
0
S 298 (J/mol.K)
44,1
51,5
0
G 298 tt (kJ/mol)
0,120
0
Hy d on nhit chuyn pha t thic xm sang thic trng v so vi
nhit quan st c (130C).
(S: 90C)
5.13: Cho phn ng:
H2(k) + CO2(k) H2O(k) + CO(k)
0
G 298 tt (kJ/mol)
0
-394,37
-228,58 -137,15
0
(a) Tnh G 298 ca phn ng ?
(b) Tnh G298 ca phn ng iu kin p sut ring phn ca H2, CO2,
H2O v CO ln lt l 10 ; 20 ; 0,02 ; 0,01 atm.
(S: 28,64 kJ ; -5,61kJ)
5.14: Phn ng to thnh HI t cc n cht:
H2(k) + I2(k) HI(k) c G0 = -10,10 kJ 500 K.
Tng ng vi p sut ring phn ca HI l 10,0 atm ; I2 l 0,001 atm. Hi
p sut ring phn ca H2 phi l bao nhiu nhit ny lm gim G
xung n bng 0.
(S: 775 atm)
5.15: Di iu kin g v p sut th phn ng phn hy Ag2O(r) thnh
Ag(r) v O2(k) c th xy ra c 250C ?
Cho G0298 tt Ag2O(r) = -11,21kJ/mol.
(S: P(O2) = 0,000116 atm)
5.16: Tnh bin thin entropy khi 3,00 mol benzen bay hi thun nghch
nhit si thng thng 80,10C (=353,25 K). Bit enthalpy mol bay hi
ca benzen nhit ny l 30,8 kJ/mol.
(S: + 262 J/K)
5.17: Tnh bin thin entropy ca qu trnh dn n thun nghch 5,00 mol
kh argon nhit khng i 298 K t p sut 10,0atm n 1,0 atm.
(S: + 95,7 J/K)
5.18: C 4,00 mol kh H2 dn n thun nghch ng nhit 400 K t th
tch u l 12,0 lt n th tch cui l 30,0 lt. (Cho nhit dung mol: Cp=
28,8 J/mol.K). Tnh U, Q, cng W, H, S ca qu trnh.
(S: U = H = 0 ; W = -1,22.104 J ; Q = -W ; S = +30,5 J/K)
5.19: C 1,0 mol nc c un nng thun nghch p sut kh quyn
t -200C n 00C, qu trnh nng chy thun nghch 00C, sau c un
nng thun nghch p sut kh quyn n 200C. Cho: Hnc = 6007 J/mol ;
Cp(nc ) = 38 J/mol.K ; Cp(nc lng) = 75 J/mol.K. Tnh S ca h;
S ca mi trng v S tng ca c qu trnh.
(S: Sh = + 30,2 J/K ; Smt = - 30,2 J/K ; Stng = 0 )
5.20: Cho 72,4 g st c nhit 100,00C vo 100,0 g nc 10,00C n
khi nhit cn bng l 16,50C. Cho: Cp(Fe) = 25,1 J/mol.K v Cp(H2O) =
75,3 J/mol.K , khng ph thuc nhit . Tnh S ca Fe, S ca nc v
S tng ca qu trnh.
(S: SFe = - 8,24 J/K ; Snc = + 9,49 J/K ; Stng = + 1,25 J/K )
5.21: Enthalpy mol nng chy v entropy mol nng chy ca ammoniac
rn ln lt l 5,65 kJ/mol v 28,9 J/mol.K .
a) Tnh bin thin nng lng t do Gibbs G khi lm nng chy 3,6
mol ammoniac rn thnh lng 170 K. Hi ammoniac c th nng chy
170 K ?
b) 1 atm v nhit no th c cn bng rn lng ca ammoniac ?
(S:(a) G = 2653,2 J; khng;(b) 195,5 K)
5.22: Enthalpy bay hi v nhit si thng thng ca etanol l : 38,7
kJ/mol 780C. Tnh Q, W, U, Sh v G khi 1,0 mol etanol bay hi
thun nghch 780C v 1atm. Gi thit rng hi l kh l tng v b qua
th tch ca etanol lng so vi hi.
(S:Q = +38,7 kJ; W= -2,92kJ; U= +35,8kJ; Sh= +110J/K v G=0)
5.23: 12000C s kh st (III) oxit thnh st nguyn t v oxy khng xy
ra v: 2Fe2O3(r) 4Fe(r) + 3O2(k) G = + 840 kJ. (1)
Hy ch ra cch lm th no qu trnh ny vn c th tin hnh c nu
ton b lng oxy thot ra c dng t chy cacbon:
C(r) + O2(k) CO2(k)
G = - 400 kJ (2)
(S: V G1 + 3G2 = - 360 kJ < 0 )
5.24: Qu trnh ng p ng nhit c th c m t l xy ra c nu
G < 0 v khng xy ra c nu G > 0. Da trn tnh ton t H v S
ca phn ng, kt hp vi nh ngha ca G, hy xc nh khong nhit
c th xy ra c ca cc qu trnh sau:
(a)
4Fe(r) + 3O2(k) 2 Fe2O3(r)
(b)
SO2(k) + O2(k) SO3(k)
(c)
NH4NO3(r) N2O(k) + 2H2O(k)
(S: (a):0 < T < 3000 K ; (b):0 < T < 1050 K; (c):xy ra mi T )
5.25: Gii thch ti sao c th kh wonfram (VI) oxit WO3 thnh kim loi
nhit cao bng hydr:
WO3(r) + 3H2(k) W(r) + 3H2O(k).
khong nhit no th phn ng c th xy ra?
(S: H0 = 117,41kJ; S0 =131,19 J/K; G < 0 => T > H0/ S0=895 K)
5.26: Cho phn ng sau:
CaCO3(r) CaO(r) + CO2(k).
0
Tnh G ca phn ng trn ln lt 25, 500 v 15000C. Xem H v S
khng ph thuc nhit . V gin ca G0 ph thuc nhit v dng
n tm nhit ti thiu phn ng trn xy ra c.
( S: 129,1 ; 50,7 ; - 114,0 kJ/mol ; T > 1080 K )
5.27: Cho cc trng hp:
(a) H0 > 0 , S0 > 0 ; (b) H0 < 0 , S0 > 0 ; (c) H0 < 0 , S0 < 0 ;
(d) H0 > 0 , S0 < 0
(i) Trng hp no phn ng c th xy ra mi nhit ?
(ii) Trng hp no phn ng khng th xy ra mi nhit ?
(iii) Trng hp no phn ng c th xy ra nhit cao?
(iiii) Trng hp no phn ng c th xy ra nhit thp?