S sn xut ru etylic

Nguyn liu

Nu nguyn liu ng ha dch cho Ln men dch ng Chng ct v tinh ch cn etylic Thnh phm

1. Nguyn liu
V nguyn tc ta c th dng bt k nguyn liu no cha ng hoc polysaccarit nhng sau thy phn s bin thnh ng ln men c.

 Yu cu i vi nguyn liu phi tha mn Hm lng ng hoc tinh bt cao, c kh nng em li hiu qu kinh t. Vng nguyn liu phi tp trung v tha mn nhu cu sn xut

1.1. Nguyn liu cha tinh bt

m bo tnh kinh t trong cc nh my sn xut ru nc ta thng s dng l sn, sau l ng v mt phn go hoc tm.

C 3 loi gluxit
Monosaccarit Oligosaccarit Polysaccarit

* Monosaccarit: l nhng gluxit n gin

khng thy phn c
C tnh cht hot ng quang hc, lm quay mt phng phn cc. Tnh cht ny c p dng xc nh hm lng ca chng trong dung dch. D b phn hy nhit cao v lm tng mu ca dung dch. C kh nng trng hp thnh nhng gluxit c phn t ln hn. C kh nng phn ng vi axit amin to ra melanoid

* Oligosaccarit
maltoza saccaroza rafinoza

 Polysaccarit: L nhng gluxit c phn t ln, cu to t nhiu gc monosaccarit to thnh mnh thng hoc mch nhnh

1.2. Nguyn liu cha ng mt r

Mt r hay r ng l th phm ca cng ngh sn xut ng, thng chim t 3-5% so vi lng ma a vo sn xut.

 Lng cht kh trong r ng chim 80-85% Trong s cht kh:

35-40%: saccaroza 20-25% l ng kh 30-32% l hp cht hu c 8-10% l cht v c

Hm lng trung bnh ca cc cht v c trong cht kh ca r ng:

Cht v c K2O Na2O Ca2O MgO SO3 ClCc oxyt khc T l (%) 76,4 11,1 3,5 0,4 2,8 5,0 0,8

Thnh phn vitamin trong r ng

Vitamin B1 B2 B3 B6 PP R ng 0,2 0,04 0,13 0,54 0,1 Gc vitamin Tiamin Riboflavin Axit pantotenovic Pirigokxin Axit nicotinovic

* pH v m ca r ng:
Bnh thng pH ca r ng t 6,8 7,2. R ng mi sn xut ra c th c pH = 7,2 8,9. Hin nay hu ht cc nh my ng u s l bng lu hunh nn pH ca r ng thng thp hn vo khong 5,6 6%

m c biu th bng th tch dung dch H2SO4 1N cn thit iu chnh dung dch gm 100g r + 100g nc ti pH = 4,5. Ty theo pH ca r ng, m c th t 14 -45

* Vi sinh vt trong r ng
i vi r ng c nng trn 70%, th hu ht vi sinh vt u chu nm yn R ng thu c t sn xut lun cha mt lng VSV. Trong nguy him nht l vi khun lactic v axetic

1.3.Nc
Nc dng trong sn xut ru phi l ngun nc sch c x l loi b tp cht v cc ion Ca--2+, Mg2+ lm gim cng ca nc

X l nguyn liu
Mc ch Mc ch chnh ca nu nguyn liu l ph v mng t bo ca tinh bt, to iu kin bin chng thnh trng thi hoa tan trong dung dch, lm cho enzym amylaza tip xc c vi tinh bt

Cc phng php nu nguyn liu 1. Nu gin on

Ton b qu trnh nu c thc hin trong cng mt ni. T l pha trn: 3,5 4 lt nc/1 kg nguyn liu Cc thng s k thut cn theo di: p sut = 3-3,5kg/cm2, t = 60 70 pht i vi bt p sut = 4,5-5kg/cm2, t = 80 90 pht i vi ht, ming to Nhit un = 135 140oC i vi nguyn liu bo qun lu thi thi gian un c th rut ngn li

4
Khng kh ngng

Hnh 38. Cu to ni nu gin on 1.Thn ni; 2.u ni; van an ton; 3.Np ni; 4.p k; 5.Van ly mu; 6.ng cp hi; 7.Cnh khuy; 8.ng v sinh; 9.ng phng cho.