GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 23/8/2009 TIT 1:

N TP U NM

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - n tp, cng c, h thng ha kin thc cc chng ha hc i cng v v c (S in li, Nit - Photpho, Cacbon - Silic) v cc chng v ha hc hu c (i cng v ha hu c, hidrocacbon, dn xut halogen - ancol - phenol, andehit - xeton - axit cacboxylic). 2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng da vo cu to ca cht suy ra tnh cht v ng dng ca cht. Ngc li, da vo tnh cht ca cht d on cu to ca cht. - K nng gii bi tp xc nh CTPT ca hp cht. II. Phng php: - m thoi

III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: HOT NG CA GIO VIN

Hot ng 1

HOT NG CA HC SINH

n tp kin thc ha v c I. Axit, Baz v phn ng v axit baz: * Cho HS Tho lun v tr li cc vn : Axit, * Axit l nhng cht c kh nng phn li ra ion Baz v phn ng v axit baz. H+. VD: HCl, H2SO4, CH3COOH... - Hy nu khi nim v axit? - Tnh cht ho hc chung ca axit: - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc chung ca axit? + Lm i mu cht ch th. - Vit cc PTHH chng minh? + Tc dng vi baz, oxit baz. - Hy nu khi nim v baz? HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O. - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc chung ca baz? H2SO4 + CuO CuSO4 + H2O. - Vit cc PTHH chng minh? + Tc dng vi kim loi: 2HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H2 + Tc dng vi mui: H2SO4 + CaCO3 CaSO4 + H2O+ CO2 * Baz l nhng cht c kh nng nhn proton. VD: NaOH, Ba(OH)2, NH3... - Tnh cht ho hc chung ca baz: + Lm i mu cht ch th. + Tc dng vi axit, oxit axit. HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O. H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2H2O CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O. + Tc dng vi dd mui: Ca(OH)2 + NaCO3 CaCO3 + 2NaOH Hot ng 2 Ankan II. Ankan: * Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: -Ankan c CTTQ l CnH2n+2 (n 1). - Hy nu CTTQ ca ankan? VD: CH4, C2H6, C3H8 . . . - Vit CTPT ca mtt s ankan lm v d? -Tnh cht ho hc ca ankan: - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca an kan? Ankan l hirocacbon no c phn ng th, phn - Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho? ng tch hiro v phn ng chy. - VD: ask C2H6 + Cl2 t C2H5Cl + HCl CH3 - CH3 C3H8 + 5O2
t
o

CH2 = CH2 + 3CO2 +

H2 4H2O

t0

GIO N 12 C BN

Hot ng 3 * Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - Hy nu CTTQ ca anken? - Vit CTPT ca mt s anken lm v d? - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca an ken? - Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho?

Hot ng 4 * Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - Hy nu CTTQ ca aren? - Vit CTPT ca mt s aren lm v d? - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca aren? phng trnh phn ng minh ho?

Anken III. Anken: - Anken c CTTQ l CnH2n (n 2). - VD: C2H4, C3H6, C4H8 . . . - Tnh cht ho hc ca anken: - Anken l hirocacbon khng no c phn ng cng, phn ng trng hp v phn ng oxi ho. - VD: + Phn ng cng hiro: Ni, CH2 = CH - CH3 + H2 t0 CH3 - CH2 - CH3 CH2 = CH 2 + Br2 CH2Br- CH2Br + Phn ng trng hp: xt, nCH2 = CH 2 (-CH2 - CH2-)n t0 + Phn ng oxi ho: 0 t C3H6 + 9/2O2 3CO2 + 3H2O Aren IV. Aren: - Aren c CTTQ l CnH2n-6 (n 6). VD: C6H6, C7H8, C8H10. . . - Tnh cht ho hc ca aren: Vit + Phn ng th: Th nguyn t hiro vng benzen. Fe, VD: C6H6 + Br2 t0 C6H5Br + HBr H2SO4 C6H6 + HNO3 C6H5NO2 + H2O Th nguyn t hiro mch nhnh. 0 VD: C6H5CH3 + Br2 t C6H5CH2Br + HBr + Phn ng cng:

VD: C6H6 + H2 C6H6 + Cl2 + P oxi ho: t0 VD: C6H5CH3 + 2KMnO4 C6H5COOK + 2MnO2 + KOH + H2O Hot ng 5 Ancol V. Ancol: * Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - CTTQ ca ancol no n chc l CnH2n+1OH - Hy nu CTTQ ca ancol no n chc? (n 1). - Vit CTPT ca mt s ancol no n chc lm v VD: C2H5OH, C3H7OH, C4H9OH . . . d? - Tnh cht ho hc ca ancol: - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca ancol no n + Phn ng th H ca nhm OH: chc? VD: C2H5OH + Na C2H5ONa + H2 - Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho? + Phn ng th nhm OH: VD: C2H5OH + HBr C2H5Br + H2O C2H5OH + C2H5OH
H2SO4 1400C

Ni, t0 C6H12 as C H Cl 6 6 6

C2H5OC2H5 + H2O

+ Phn ng tch nc:

H 2 SO4 VD: C2H5OH C2H4 170o C

H2O

+ Phn ng oxi ho: Oxi ho khng hon ton: VD: t0

GIO N 12 C BN

C2H5OH + CuO

CH3CHO + Cu + H2O

Hot ng 6 * Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - Hy nu CTTQ ca anehit no n chc? - Vit CTPT ca mt s anehit no n chc lm v d? - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca anehit no n chc? - Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho?

Hot ng 7

* Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - Hy nu CTTQ ca axit cacboxylic no n chc? - Vit CTPT ca mt s axit cacboxylic no n chc lm v d? - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca axit cacboxylic no n chc? - Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho? IV. Rt kinh nghim: ..................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

0 CH3CHOHCH3 + CuO t CH3COCH3 + Cu + H2O Oxi ho hon ton: 0 VD: C2H5OH + 3O2 t 2CO2 + 3H2O Anehit VI. Anehit: - CTTQ ca anehit no n chc l CnH2n+1CHO (n 0). - Tnh cht ho hc anehit no n chc: + Phn ng cng hiro: VD: Ni, t0 CH -CH - OH CH3CHO + H2 3 2 + Phn ng oxi ho khng hon ton: 0 t RCHO + 2AgNO3 + H2O + 3NH3 RCOOH + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag ( phn ng trng gng) Axit cacboxylic VII. Axit cacboxylic: - CTTQ ca axit cacboxylic no n chc l Cn H2n+1COOH (n 0). - Tnh cht ho hc ca axit cacboxylic no n chc: + Tnh axit: S phn li thun nghch R-COOH RCOO- + H+ + Tc dng vi baz v oxit baz.

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 25/8/2009

CHNG I:

ESTE-LIPIT

TIT 2: BI 1: ESTE
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Khi nim, tnh cht ca este. - HS hiu: Nguyn nhn este khng tan trong nc v c nhit si thp hn axit ng phn. 2. K nng: - Vn dng kin thc v lin kt hidro gii thch nguyn nhn este khng tan trong nc v c nhit si thp hn axit ng phn. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, n cn. - Ha cht: Mu du n, m ng vt, dd H2SO4, dd NaOH. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

HOT NG CA GIO VIN

Hot ng 1

HOT NG CA HC SINH
Khi nim - Danh php I. Khi nim - Danh php:

t0, H2SO4c. * Cho HS vit pthh khi cho axit axetic tc dng vi ancol etylic v ancol C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + isoamilic. H2O Etyl axetat 0 t , H2SO4c

CH3COOH + HO-[CH2]2-CH(CH3)2 * Cho HS bit cc hp cht to thnh l este. T yu cu HS rt ra khi nim, CTTQ. CH3COO-[CH2]2-CH(CH3)2 + H2O Isoamyl axetat. - Khi thay nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit cacboxilic bng nhm OR th ta thu c este. - Este c CTTQ: RCOOR. i vi este no, n chc, mch h: CnH2nO2 - Tn ca este RCOOR: Tn gc R + tn gc axit RCOO (ui at) Tnh cht vt l II. Tnh cht vt l: - iu kin thng: cht lng hoc rn, hu nh khng tan trong nc. - Nhit si thp hn so vi cc axit v ancol tng ng. - Mt s este c mi c trng. Tnh cht ha hc III. Tnh cht ha hc: - Este b thy phn trong mi trng axit v mi trng kim. + Thy phn trong mi trng axit:

* T tn gi ca cc este tn, yu cu HS a ra quy tc gi tn. Hot ng 2 * Cho HS quan st mu du thc vt, nghin cu SGK, t rt ra tnh cht vt l ca este. Hot ng 3 * Yu cu HS nghin cu SGK, t rt ra tnh cht ha hc ca este. GV hng dn HS vit pthh.

GIO N 12 C BN

* GV b sung: + Phn ng thy phn trong mi trng kim l phn ng x phng ha. + Ngoi ra este cn c phn ng gc HC.

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O C 2H5OH + CH3COOH Phn ng ny l phn ng thun nghch + Thy phn trong mi trng baz: CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH C2H5OH + CH3COONa Phn ng ny xy ra mt chiu. Hot ng 4 iu ch IV. iu ch: * Yu cu HS nu cch iu ch este. - Este bng cch cho axit cacboxylic tc dng vi ancol Vit PT iu ch. H 2 SO4 * GV b sung: ngoi ra cn mt s este RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O 1700 C c iu ch theo PP khc.VD: CH3COOH
2

+ CH CH xt, t CH 3COOCH=CH Hot ng 5 ng dng

V. ng dng: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t rt ra - X phng, cht git ra, bnh ko, nc hoa . . . cc ng dng ca este. Hot ng 6 Cng c * HD v cho HS lm cc bi tp 2, 3, 4 - Bi tp 2: A: C - Bi tp 3: A: C - Bi tp 4: A: B V. Rt kinh nghim: ..................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

5
t0, H2SO4c.

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 27/8/2009 TIT 3: BI 2:

LIPIT

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Lipit l g? Tnh cht ha hc ca cht bo. - HS hiu: Nguyn nhn to nn cc tnh cht ca cht bo. 2. K nng: - Vn dng mi quan h cu to - tnh cht vit cc PTHH minh ha tnh cht este cho cht bo. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: Cc - Ha cht: Mu du n, nc, etanol. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi

HOT NG CA GIO VIN

HOT NG CA HC SINH

Hot ng 1 Kim tra bi c * Vit CTCT cc ng phn este ng - HCOOCH2CH2CH3 vi CTPT l C4H8O2. Gi 2 HS ln bng - HCOOCH(CH3)2 trnh by. - CH3COOC2H5 - C2H5COOCH3 Hot ng 2 Khi nim I. Khi nim: * Yu cu HS nu khi nim, t ly - Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng, cc VD minh ha. khng ha tan trong nc, nhng tan nhiu trong cc dung mi khng phn cc. * GV cho bit ta ch xt cht bo. - VD: Cht bo, sp, steroit . . . Hot ng 3 Cht bo (khi nim) II. Cht bo: 1. Khi nim: * Yu cu HS nu khi nim v cht - Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo, gi chung l bo, t a ra khi nim v axit bo. triglixerit hay l triaxylglixerol. - Axit bo l cc axit n chc c mch C di v khng phn nhnh. VD: CH3(CH2)16COOH axit stearic CH3(CH2)14COOH axit panmitic Cis - CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COOH axit oleic * Em hy a ra CTCT chung ca cht - CTCT chung ca cht bo: bo. Ly cc VD minh ha. R1COO CH2 R2COO CH (trong : R1, R2, R3 c th ging nhau R3COO CH2 hoc khc nhau).

GIO N 12 C BN

Hot ng 4 * Cho HS quan st du hoc m, lm th nghim v tnh tan trong nc, t rt ra cc tnh cht vt l ca cht bo. Hot ng 5 * Da vo kin thc hc, yu cu HS rt ra cc tnh cht ha hc ca cht bo. Vit cc PTHH chng minh.

* GV b sung: - Phn ng cng H2 ca cht bo lng dng chuyn ha cht bo lng thnh rn. - Du m lu ngy d b i do trong t0 (C17H35COO)3C3H5 (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + H2 phn t c lin kt C=C nn b d oxi ha chm to ra peoxit. Hot ng 6 ng dng 4. ng dng: * Nu cc ng dng ca cht bo m - L thc n quan trng ca con ngi . . . chng ta bit ? - L nguyn liu tng hp mt s cht cn thit khc trong c th . . . - Mt lng nh dng iu ch x phng. - Sn xut thc phm . . . Hot ng 7 Cng c * Vit CTCT ca cht bo ng vi axit (C17H31COO)3C3H5 linoleic C17H31COOH. V. Rt kinh nghim: ..................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

- VD: (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 Tristearoylglixerol hay tristearin (CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3H5 Tripanmitoylglixerol hay tripanmitin (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COO)3C3H5 Trioleoylglixerol hay triolein Tnh cht vt l 2. Tnh cht vt l: - iu kin thng nu trong phn t c gc HC no l cht rn, gc HC khng no l cht lng. - Tan t trong nc, tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c. nh hn nc Tnh cht ha hc 3. Tnh cht ha hc: - C tnh cht nh l mt este. t0, a. Phn ng thy phn trong nc: H2SO4 (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3CH3[CH2]16COOH + C3H5(OH)3 b. Phn ng x phng ha: (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3CH3[CH2]16COONa + C3H5(OH)3 c. Phn ng cng H2 ca cht bo lng:

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 03/9/2009 BI 3 : TIT 4: KHI NIM V X PHNG V CHT GIT RA TNG HP
I. Mc tiu bi hc:
1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Khi nim v x phng, cht git ra tng hp. - HS hiu: Nguyn nhn to nn c tnh git ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp. 2. K nng: - S dng hp l x phng v cht git ra tng hp. 3. Tnh cm thi : - C thc s dng hp l c hiu qu x phng, cht git ra tng hp. - Bo v ti nguyn, mi trng. II. Phng php: - m thoi III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi

HOT NG CA GIO VIN

HOT NG CA HC SINH

Hot ng 1 Kim tra bi c * Vit CTCT thu gn ca trieste ca 2 - Este ca axit panmitic: axit: axit panmitic v axit stearic. (C15H31COO)3C3H5 - Este ca axit stearic: (C17H35COO)3C3H5 Hot ng 2 X phng - Khi nim I. X phng: 1. Khi nim: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t rt ra - X phng thng dng l hn hp mui natri hoc kali khi nim v x phng v thnh phn ca axit bo, c thm mt s ph gia khc. ch yu ca n. - Thnh phn ch yu ca x phng: l mui natri ca axit * GV b sung: Ngoi ra x phng cn c panmitic hoc stearic. thm cht n: cht ty mu, cht dit khun . . . Hot ng 3 Phng php sn xut 2. Phng php sn xut: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, rt ra - un cht bo vi dd kim trong thng kn nhit phng php sn xut x phng. cao. t * GV b sung: (R-COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 0 R-COONa + C3H5(OH)3 - Quy trnh sn xut x phng. Axit - PP sn xut x phng ngy nay, t Mui natri ca axit Anka cacboxyli yu cu HS a ra s . cacboxylic n c Hot ng 4 Cht git ra tng hp II. Cht git ra tng hp: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t rt ra 1. Khi nim:

GIO N 12 C BN

khi nim v cht git ra tng hp.

- L nhng cht c tnh nng git ra nh x phng. 2. Phng php sn xut: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t a ra - S sn xut: s sn xut v VD c th. Natri Axit Du oexylbenzensunf oexylben m onat zensunfonic Na2C - VD: CH3[CH2]11-C6H4SO3H O CH3[CH2]11-C6H4SO3Na 3 Axit Natri oexylbenzensunfonic oexylbenzensunfonat Hot ng 5 Tc dng ty ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp III. Tc dng ty ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp: * GV nu c ch ca qu trnh lm sch - X phng: gim tc dng trong nc cng do to kt ta vt bn ca x phng trn hnh v. vi kim loi trong nc cng. * T cho HS rt ra u nhc im - Cht git ra tng hp: c tc dng git ra trong nc ca mi loi. cng Hot ng 6 Cng c Vit PTHH iu ch x phng t cht (CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH bo ca axit panmitic 3CH3[CH2]14COONa + C3H5(OH)3 IV. Rt kinh nghim: ..................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 07/9/2009 TIT 5: BI 4: LUYN TP: ESTE V CHT BO

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc v este v lipit. 2. K nng: - Gii bi tp v este. II. Phng php: - m thoi III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi

HOT NG CA TR Kin thc cn nh 1. Este ca axit cacboxylic: * GV yu cu HS tr li cc cu hi: HS tr li cc cu hi theo yu cu: - Khi nim este? - Cng thc tng qut: RCOOR - Cng thc tng qut ca este no, n CnH2n +1+COOCmH2m + 1 chc, mch h? - Tnh cht ho hc: - Cht bo? + Phn ng thu phn. - Tnh cht ho hc ca este? + Phn ng x phng ho. 2. Lipit: - Cht bo: L trieste ca glixerol v axit bo. - CTTQ: (RCOO)3C3H5 - Tnh cht ha hc: Tng t nh este. Bi tp - HS lm vic theo nhm 4 - 5 ngi, tho lun tm * GV t chc HS hot ng theo nhm cch gii cc bi tp. 4 - 5 ngi, tho lun gii cc bi - i din HS trnh by trc lp bi gii. tp. * Tr li bi 1: HS gii v rt ra kin thc: * Bi 1: Vit phng trnh phn ng - Tnh cht ca este. thc hin chuyn ho sau: - Phn ng oxi ho ancol bc I, anehit. CH3COOC2H5 CH3CHO CH3CH2OH 1. CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH 2. C2H5OH + CuO CH3CHO + Cu H2O + CH3COOCH3 CH3COOH 3. CH3CHO + 1/2 O2 CH3COOH 4. CH3COOH + CH3OH CH3COOCH3 + H2O Hot ng 2 Bi tp v nhn bit * Bi tp 2: Bng phng php ho * HS tho lun rt ra c: Hot ng 2

HOT NG CA THY Hot ng 1

10

GIO N 12 C BN

hc, nhn bit cc cht lng sau: CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3, HCHO, C6H5OH, C3H5(OH)3. - Vit PTHH minh ho cc phn ng xy ra. Hot ng 3 * Bi tp 3: Cht E l este no, n chc, mch h. X phng ho hon ton 22 gam E cn dng va 0,25 mol NaOH. Xc nh CTCT ca este. * GV hng dn. - t cng thc este. - Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. - Da vo PTHH, tm s mol este dng. - Tnh M n.

n = 4. CTPT: C4H8O2 HCOOC3H7 CH3COOC2H5 CH3CH2COOCH3 Hot ng 4 Cng c * Yu cu HS so snh tnh cht ha - Tnh cht ha hc ca este v cht bo l tng t hc ca este v cht bo. nhau do u l este. Hot ng 5: Hng dn v nh Bi tp v nh: Lm bay hi 7,4 gam mt este no, n chc thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 3,2 gam kh oxi trong cng iu kin. a. Tm cng thc phn t ca A. b. Thc hin phn ng x phng ho 7,4 gam A vi dd NaOH n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 6,8 gam mui. Tm cng thc cu to v gi tn A. V. Rt kinh nghim: ..................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

- Nhn bit axit: qu tm. - Nhn bit anehit bng AgNO3/NH3 - Nhn bit phenol bng dd Br2. - Nhn bit bng Cu(OH)2. - Cn li este. Bi tp v este * HS gii theo hng dn: - t cng thc: RCOOR - PTHH: RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH 0,25 0,25 2,2 M= = 88 0,25 CnH2nO2 = 88

11

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 08/9/2009 CHNG II : TIT 6

CACBOHIDRAT GLUCOZ

BI 5:

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Cu trc dng mch h ca glucoz. - Tnh cht cc nhm chc ca glucoz gii thch cc hin tng ha hc. HS hiu: - Phng php iu ch, ng dng ca glucoz v fructoz. 2. K nng: - Khai thc mi lin h gia cu trc phn t v tnh cht ha hc. - Rn luyn k nng quan st, phn tch cc kt qu th nghim. - Gii cc bi tp c lin quan n hp cht ca glucoz v fructoz. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, kp, ng ht nh git, n cn. - Ha cht: Glucoz, cc dd AgNO3, NH3, CuSO4, NaOH. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi HOT NG CA GIO VIN Hot ng 1 HOT NG CA HC SINH Trng thi t nhin v tnh cht vt l
I. TRNG THI THIN NHIN V TNH CHT VT L:

* Cho HS quan st mu glucoz v nghin cu - Glucoz l cht rn kt tinh, khng mu, sgk t rt ra cc tnh cht vt l v trng thI tantrong nc. C v ngt, c trong hu ht cc b phn ca cy (l, hoa, r). C nhiu trong t nhin ca glucoz. qu nho, mt ong... Trong mu ngi c mt lng nh glucoz, t l hu nh khng i l 0,1%. Cu to phn t Hot ng 2
II. CU TO PHN T:

* GV cho bit xc nh c CTCT ca - Glucoz c phn ng trng bc, vy trong glucoz phi tin hnh cc th nghim no? Hs phn t glucoz c nhm - CHO. - Glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch tham kho v i n kt lun. mu xanh lam, vy trong phn t glucoz c nhiu nhm - OH v tr k nhau.

12

GIO N 12 C BN

Hot ng 3

- Glucoz to este cha 5 gc axit vy trong phn t c 5 nhm - OH. - Kh hon ton phn t glucoz thu c n hexan. Vy 6 nguyn t C ca phn t glucoz to thnh mt mch khng phn nhnh. - CTCT phn t glucoz dng mch h l: CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHO - Hoc vit gn li l: CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO Tnh cht ha hc
III. TNH CHT HO HC:

* Cho hs lm TN sgk, nghin cu TN SGK, 1. Tnh cht ca ancol a chc: a. Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2: trnh by TN, nu hin tng vit pthh. 2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 (C6H11O6)2Cu + 2 H2O b. Phn ng to este: * GV hng dn cho hs hiu c trong phn - Khi tc dng vi anhirit axetic, glucoz c t glucoz cha 5 nhm - OH, cc nhm - OH th to este cha 5 gc axetat trong phn t C6H7O(OCOCH3)5 v tr lin k. 2 .Tnh cht ca anehit: * GV: Biu din th nghim oxi ho glucoz a. Oxi ho glucoz: bng dd AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 v th - Hin tng: Thnh ng nghim sng bng nghim oxi ha glucoz bng Cu(OH)2 trong dd nh gng. NaOH, yu cu HS theo di gv lm th nghim, - CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + nu hin tng, gii thch v vit pthh. H2O CH2OH[CHOH]4COONH4 + 3NH4NO3 + 2Ag - Hin tng: Xut hin kt ta gch - CH2OH(CHOH)4 CHO + Cu(OH)2 + NaOH CH2OH(CH2OH)4COONa + Cu2O + H2O * GV: yu cu hc sinh vit phng trnh ho b. Kh glucoz bng hiro: Ni ,t 0 hc ca phn ng kh glucoz bng hiro CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + H2 phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng ln men CH OH[CHOH] CH OH 2 4 2 glucoz. 3. Phn ng ln men: Enzim 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 2C6H12O6
30 350C

iu ch v ng dng IV: IU CH V NG DNG: 1: iu ch: H+ 0 * Yu cu HS nu cch iu ch glucoz. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O ,t nC6H12O6 2: ng dng: - Lm thuc tng lc. * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t nu cc ng - Dng trng rut phch. dng ca glucoz. - L sn phm trung gian iu ch ancol etylic. Hot ng 5 Fructoz V. FRUCTOZ: * Hy nghin cu SGK cho bit c im cu - Fructoz (C6H12O6) dng mch h l mt to ca ng phn quan trng nht ca glucoz polihiroxi xeton, c cng thc cu to thu gn l fructoz. l: CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-C- CH2OH - Hoc vit gn l: CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OH * Yu cu HS cho bit tnh cht vt l v trng - Fructoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung thi t nhin ca fructoz, cho bit cc tnh dch phc mu xanh lam, tc dng vi hiro cht ho hc c trng ca fructoz. Gii thch cho poliancol.
O

Hot ng 4

13

GIO N 12 C BN

nguyn nhn gy ra cc tnh cht .

- Fructoz khng c nhm CH=O nhng vn c phn ng trng bc v phn ng kh Cu(OH)2 thnh Cu2O l do khi un nng trong mi trng kim n chuyn thnh glucoz theo cn bng sau: - OH Glucoz Fructoz

Hot ng 6 Cng c * Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php - Qu tm: Nhn bit axit axetic. ha hc. - Cht khng ha tan Cu(OH)2 l etanol. Glucoz, Glixerol, etanol, axit axetic. - un nng cht no xut hin kt ta mu l: Glucoz. V. Rt kinh nghim: ..................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

14

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 13/9/2009 TIT 7, 8, 9: BI 6 : SACCAROZ

- TINH BT - XENLULOZ

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Cu to v nhng tnh cht in hnh ca saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 2. K nng: - So snh, nhn dng saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. - Vit cc PTHH minh ha cho tnh cht ha hc ca cc hp cht trn - Gii cc bi tp v saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, kp, ng ht nh git. - Ha cht: Dd I2, cc mu saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Tit 7 :
1. 2. 3. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s Kim tra bi c : Bi mi

HOT NG CA GIO VIN

Hot ng 1 * Yu cu HS quan st mu saccaroz (ng knh trng) v tm hiu SGK bit nhng tnh cht vt l v trng thi thin nhin ca saccaroz. * Cho bit xc nh CTCT ca saccaroz ngi ta phi tin hnh cc th nghim no. Phn tch cc kt qu thu c rt ra kt lun v cu to phn t ca saccaroz.

HOT NG CA HC SINH
Saccaroz I. Saccaroz: 1. Tnh cht vt l: - Cht rn kt tinh, ko mu, ko mi, ngt, t o nc 185oC. Tan tt trong nc. - C trong ma ng, c ci ng, hoa tht nt. 2. Cu trc phn t: - CTPT C12H22O11 - Phn t saccaroz gc -glucoz v gc - fructoz lin kt vi nhau qua ngyn t oxi gia C1 ca glucoz v C2 ca fructoz (C1 - O - C2). Lin kt ny thuc loi lin kt glicozit. Vy, cu trc phn t saccaroz c biu din nh sau:
6

CH2OH O H
2

H
4

H OH
3

H
1

HOCH2
2

O HO
4

H
5 6

HO

H
3

CH2OH

OH

OH

gc - glucoz 3. Tnh cht ha hc:

gc -fructoz

15

GIO N 12 C BN

* Cho HS nghin cu CTCT ca a. Thu phn nh xc tc axit: H saccaroz v SGK, t a ra tnh cht + ha hc, vit pthh minh ha cc phn ng C12H22O11 C6H12O6 . Saccaroz Glucoz b. Thu phn nh enzim:

C6H12O6 Fructoz

Saccaroz enzim Glucoz c. Phn ng ca ancol a chc: - Phn ng vi Cu(OH)2: 2C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 (C12H21O11)2Cu + H2O 4. Sn xut v ng dng: * Nu cch sn xut v ng dng ca a. Sn xut: saccaroz. - c sn xut t cy ma, c ci ng hoc hoa tht nt. b. ng dng: - L thc phm quan trng ca con ngi. - L nguyn liu lm bnh ko, nc giI kht, hp . . . Tit 2 1. 2. 3. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s Kim tra bi c : Bi mi II. Tinh bt: 1. Tnh cht vt l: - Cht rn v nh hnh, mu trng, khng mi. Ch tan trong nc nng --> h tb. - C trong cc loi ng cc, 2. Cu trc phn t: - L polisaccarit (gm 2loi) + Aamiloz: mch khng phn nhnh + Amiloz peptin: mch phn nhnh. + CTPT (C6H10O5)n - Trong cy xanh tinh bt c to thnh nh phn ng quang hp: CO2 C6H12O6 (C6H10O5)n glucoz tinh bt 3. Tnh cht ha hc: a. Phn ng thu phn: - Thu phn nh xc tc axit: H + (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 - Thu phn nh enzim: Tinh bt enzim Glucoz. b. Phn ng mu vi it: - Cho dd it vo dd h tinh bt, dd mu xanh lam. - un nng mu xanh bin mt. - ngui, mu xanh xut hin tr li.
cht dip lc H2O, as

TINH BT

* Cho HS quan st mu tinh bt v nghin cu SGK cho bit cc tnh cht vt l v trng thi thin nhin ca tinh bt. * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, cho bit cu trc phn t ca tinh bt. * GV b sung: Cho bit c im lin kt gia cc mt xch -glucoz trong phn t tinh bt. * Vy trong cy xanh tinh bt c to thnh nh th no?

* Da vo CTCT ca tinh bt, d on tnh cht ha hc ca tinh bt? Vit pthh minh ha.

* GV biu din: - Th nghim gia dung dch I2 v dung dch tinh bt nhit thng, un nng v ngui, yu cu HS nu hin tng quan st c. * GV gii thch v nhn mnh y l phn ng c trng nhn ra tinh bt. 4. ng dng:

16

GIO N 12 C BN

- L mt trong nhng cht dinh dng c bn ca * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t nu cc con ngi v ng vt. ng dng ca tinh bt. - Sn xut bnh ko, glucoz, h dn . . . Tit 3 : 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : XENLULOZ 3.Bi mi III. Xenluloz: * HS quan st mu xenluloz (bng thm 1. Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin: nc), tm hiu tnh cht vt l v trng - L cht rn, dng si, mu trng, khng c mi v. thi thin nhin ca xenluloz. - Khng tan trong nc cng nh cc dung mi khc v ch tan trong nc Svayde. - L thnh phn chnh to nn mng t bo thc vt. 2. Cu trc phn t: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK cho bit: - L mt polisaccarit. - Cu trc ca phn t xenluloz. - Phn t gm nhiu gc -glucoz lin kt vi nhau. - Nhng c im chnh v cu to phn - Xenluloz ch c cu to mch khng phn nhnh, t ca xenluloz. So snh vi cu to ca mi gc C6H10O5 c 3 nhm OH, nn c th vit : phn t tinh bt. (C6H10O5)n hay [C6H7(OH)3]n 3. Tnh cht ha hc: * Da vo CTCT ca xenluloz, d on a. Thu phn nh xc tc axit: H + tnh cht ha hc ca xenluloz? Vit (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 pthh minh ha. b. Phn ng este ho: H 2 SO4 ,t 0 [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3nHNO3 [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2O 4. ng dng: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t nu cc - c dng trc tip: ko si dt vi, lm xy dng, lm g . . . ng dng ca xenluloz. - Ch bin giy. - Sn xut t visco, t axetat, ch to thuc sng v ch to phim nh . . . Hot ng 4 Cng c * Cng c bng bi tp 1 v 2 SGK. Cu 1: p n: B Cu 2: p n: a. Sai b. ng c. Sai d. ng. V. Rt kinh nghim: ..................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

17

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 19/9/2009 TIT 10: BI THC HNH S 1: IU CH, TNH CHT HA HC CA ESTE V GLUXIT
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c nhng tnh cht quan trng ca este, gluxit nh: phn ng x phng ha, phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 ca glucoz, phn ng vi dd I2 ca tinh bt, khi nim v phn ng iu ch este, x phng. 2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng thc hin cc phn ng ha hc hu c. - Rn luyn k nng lp rp dng c th nghim, k nng thc hin v quan st cc hin tng th nghim xy ra. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TN thc hnh. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, bt s nh, a thy tinh, ng thy tinh, nt cao su, gi th nghim . . - Ha cht: Cc dd CuSO4, NaOH, glucoz, NaCl, nc , m. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: 1. HOT NG 1: TH NGHIM 1: IU CH ETYL AXETAT. - Dng c: ng nghim, kp g, n cn, cc thu tinh, gi st. - Ho cht: C2H5OH, CH3COOH nguyn cht, H2SO4 c. - Cch tin hnh: HS tin hnh theo hng dn SGK. - Yu cu cn t: Quan st thy c lp este ni trn mt nc, c mi thm. - PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra: CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O 2. HOT NG 2: TH NGHIM 2: PHN NG X PHNG HO. - Dng c: bt s, gi nung, n cn. - Ho cht: du thc vt, NaOH 40%, NaCl bo ho. - Cch tin hnh: HS tin hnh theo hng dn SGK. - Yu cu cn t: Khi NaCl vo, lm lnh th c cht rn mu trng tch ra, c mi x phng. - PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra:
C17H35 - COOCH2 C17H35 - COOCH + 3NaOH C17H35 - COOCH2
t0

HOCH2 HOCH + 3C17H35 - COONa HOCH2

3. HOT NG 3: TH NGHIM 3: PHN NG CA GLUCOZ VI CU(OH)2 - Dng c: ng nghim, kp g. - Ho cht: dung dch CuSO4, NaOH, glucoz. - Cch tin hnh: Theo SGK. - Yu cu cn t: u tin c kt ta trng, nh tng git glucoz vo th kt ta tan to dung dch mu xanh thm: CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Glucoz + Cu(OH)2 dung dch xanh thm. 4. HOT NG 4: TH NGHIM 4: PHN NG CA TINH BT VI DUNG DCH I2 - Dng c: ng nghim, kp g. - Ho cht: dung dch I2, h tinh bt. - Cch tin hnh: Theo SGK. - Yu cu cn t: u tin c kt ta trng, nh tng git glucoz vo th kt ta tan to dung dch mu xanh thm: Tinh bt + dd I2 dung dch mu xanh lc.

18

GIO N 12 C BN

V. Tng trnh v bo co kt qu HS hon chnh bn tng trnh v bo co kt qu th nghim. VI. Rt kinh nghim:

Ngy son: 22/9/2009 TIT 11 : BI 7 : LUYN TP CU TO V TNH CHT CA CACBOHIDRAT

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cu to cc loi cacbohidrat in hnh. - Cc tnh cht ha hc c trng cc hp cht cacbohidrat v mi quan h gia cc hp cht . D. K nng: - Bc u rn luyn cho HS phng php t duy tru tng, t cu to phc tp ca cc hp cht cacbohidrat, c bit l cc nhm chc suy ra tnh cht ha hc hoc thng qua cc bi tp luyn tp. - Gii cc bi tp ha hc v cacbohidrat. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc : 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi
D. L THUYT

Hot ng 1. Tng hp kin thc cacbohirat. GV yu cu HS hot ng theo nhm cp i, tho lun in vo bng sau : GV nu ni dung tho lun: - Phn loi cacbohirat? - Vit cng thc phn t, nu c im cu to ca tng cht? So snh cu to ca cc loi cacbohirat? - T cu to suy ra tnh cht ca tng cht? Vit phng trnh phn ng chng minh. in vo bng sau: Hp cht Cng thc phn t c im cu to Tnh cht Thng tin:
Hp cht Cng thc phn t Monosaccarit glucoz C6H12O6 fructoz C6H12O6 isaccarit saccaroz C12H22O11 tinh bt (C6H10O5)n Polisaccarit xenluloz (C6H10O5)n

Monosaccarit glucoz fructoz

isaccarit saccaroz

Polisaccarit tinh bt xenluloz

19

GIO N 12 C BN

c im cu to

- Gm 5 nhm OH k nhau. - C 1 nhm chc CHO.

- C 5 nhm OH. - C 1 nhm chc xeton CO -. - Trong mt kim:

- C cc nhm - -glucoz OH k nhau: - Hn hp ca 2 C6H11O5-Oloi polisaccarit: C6H11O5 amiloz v amilopectin

Tnh cht

glucoz - Poliancol. - Poliancol. - Poliacol. - Anehit n - Tham gia phn - Thu phn. chc. ng trng gng.

fructoz

- -glucoz v lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch ko di. - C th vit: (C6H10O5)n hay [C6H7O2(OH)3]n

- Thu phn. - Mu vi Iot

- Thu phn. - Mu vi HNO3.

HOT NG CA THY Hot ng 2 * GV t chc HS hot ng theo nhm 4 5 ngi, yu cu cc nhm tho lun, trnh by cc bi tp sau: * GV hng dn cc nhm lm vic vi cc ni dung: - Cc bc gii bi ton nhn bit? - Da vo tnh cht ho hc c trng vit phng trnh phn ng nhn bit?

Hot ng 3 * GV yu cu HS tr li nhanh cc bi tp trc nghim. Gii thch v sao chn phng n .

Hot ng 4
. GV tip tc yu cu cc nhm

tho lun nu hng gii, trnh by cch gii cc bi tp SGK.

B. BI TP HOT NG CA TR Gii mt s bi tp l thuyt - HS hot ng theo nhm 4 5 ngi, tho lun tm ra cch gii cc bi tp: Bi 1: Bi 3 SGK. a- Glucoz, glixerol, anehit axetic: b- Glucoz, saccaroz, glixerol. c- Saccaroz, anehit axetic, h tinh bt. HS phi tr li c: a- Cc bc: - Trch ho cht. - Thuc th: dd AgNO3 /NH3, un nh. - Hin tng quan st c : C Ag: C6H12O6 v CH3CHO. Khng c hin tng: C3H8O3. b- Thuc th: Cu(OH)2, sau un nng. c- Thuc th: Iot, Cu(OH)2. Phn bi tp trc nghim Bi 2: Bi tp 4 SGK. 1- HS chn phng n A v gii thch v sao chn phng n . 2- Tinh bt v Xenlulo khc nhau nh th no. a. Cu trc mch phn t b. Phn ng thu phn c. tan trong nc d. Thu phn phn t 3- Thc hin phn ng trng gng c th phn bit c tng cp dung dch no sau y: a. Glucz v Sac ca rz b. Axit fomic v ru tylic c. Sac ca rz v tinh bt d. Tt c u c Bi tp ton v cacbohidrat Bi 3: Gii bi tp 5 SGK. HS tho lun v trnh by c: a- Tnh m tinh bt trong 1 kg go: m = 0,8 kg. H+ ,t0 (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6. 162n kg 180n kg

20

GIO N 12 C BN

0,8 kg 0,89 kg b- Tng t cu b: m = 0,556 kg. c- Tng t v tnh c: m = 0,5263 kg IV. Rt kinh nim :

Ngy son: 27/9/2009 TIT 12:

KIM TRA 45 PHT

Cu 1: Phn ng tng tc ca ru to thnh este c tn gi l g? A. Phn ng kt hp. B. Phn ng trung ha C. Phn ng ngng t D. Phn ng este ha Cu 2 X phng ho 22,2g hn hp 2 este l HCOOC 2H5 v CH3COOCH3 dng ht 200 ml dd NaOH. Nng mol/l ca dd NaOH l. A. 1 M B. 0,5 M C. 2M D. 1,5 M Cu 3 : c im ca phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng axit l : A. khng thun nghch B. Lun sinh ra axit v ancol C. Thun nghch D. Xy ra nhanh nhit thng Cu 4: Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H8O2,khi tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra cht Y c cng thc C3H5O2Na. X thuc cht no sau y? A. Axit B. Este C. Anehit D. Ancol Cu 5: Este X n chc tc dng va vi NaOH thu c9,52 g mui natri fomat v 8,4g ancol. Vy Xl: A. metyl fomat B. Etyl fomat C. Propyl fomat D. Butyl fomat Cu 6: ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 c bao nhiu este ng phn ca nhau? A. 4 B. 4 C. 5 D. 2 Cu 7: Chn p n ng. A. Cht bo l trieste ca glixerin vi axit. B. Cht bo l trieste ca glixerin vi axit bo. C. Cht bo l trieste ca glixerin vi axit v c. D. Cht bo l trieste ca ancol vi axit bo. Cu 8: Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi axit n chc no mch h v ancol n chc no mch h c dng. A. CnH2n+22 ( n 2) B. CnH2nO2 ( n 3) C. CnH2n-22 ( n 4) D. CnH2nO2 (n 2) Cu 9: Este c cng thc phn t CH3COOCH3 c tn gi l: A. metyl propionat. B. Metyl axetat. C. Vinyl axetat. D. Metyl fomiat. Cu 10: Dy cht no sau y c sp xp theo chiu nhit si ca cc cht tng dn? A. CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, CH3CH2CH2OH B. CH3COOH, CH3CH2CH2OH CH3COOC2H5, C. CH3CH2CH2OH , CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5 D. CH3COOC2H5 ,CH3CH2CH2OH , CH3COOH Cu 11: Khi thy phn cht no sau y s thu c glixerol? A. Mui B. Etyl axetat C. Este n chc D. Cht bo Cu 12: D kin no sau y chng minh glucoz c nhiu nhm OH k nhau? A. Glucoz phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 cho phn ng trng gng. B. Glucoz phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng cho dung dch mu xanh lam. C. Glucoz phn ng vi kim loi Na gii phng H2. D. Glucoz phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit cao cho kt ta gch. Cu 13: Cho 5,4g glucoz phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) th khi lng Ag thu c l: A. 3,24 gam B. 4,32 gam C. 2,16 gam D. 6,48 gam Cu 14: Dung dch saccaroz tinh khit khng c tnh kh,nhng khi un nng vi dung dch H 2SO4 li c th cho phn ng trng gng. l do: A. Saccaroz b thu phn to thnh glucoz . B. c s to thnh anehit sau phn ng. C. Saccaroz b thu phn to thnh glucoz v fructoz. D. Saccaroz b thu phn to thnh fructoz. Cu 15: Dy cc cht no sau y u c phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit? A. Tinh bt, xenluloz, fructoz. B. Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz. C. Tinh bt, xenluloz, glucoz. D. Tinh bt, saccaroz, fructoz. Cu 16: Cho bit cht no sau y thuc monosacarit: A. Glucoz B. Saccaroz C. Tinh bt D. Xenluloz Cu 17: Cho 2,25 kg glucoz cha 20% tp cht tr ln men thnh ancol etylic. Trong qu trnh ch bin ancol etylic b hao ht 10%. Khi lng ancol etylic thu c l: A. 0,46 kg B. 0,92 kg C. 0,828 kg D. 1,242 kg Cu 18: Kh gucoz bng H2 to sobitol. Khi lng glucoz dng to ra 1,82 g sobitol vi hiu sut 80% l bao nhiu?

21

GIO N 12 C BN

A. 2,25 gam B. 22,5 gam C. 1,44 gam D. 14,4 gam Cu 19: chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu hiroxyl, ngi ta cho dung dch glucoz phn ng vi: A. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 un nng B. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. C. kim loi Na D. Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH, un nng Cu 20: Cht no sau y l ng phn ca Fructoz? A. Saccaroz B. Glucoz C. Xenluloz D. Mantoz Cu 21: Cho bit cht no sau y thuc isacarit: A. Glucoz B. Saccaroz C. Xenluloz D. Tinh bt Cu 22: Sp xp cc cht sau y theo th t ngt tng dn:Glucoz,Fructoz, Saccaroz A. Glucoz < Fructoz < Saccaroz. B. Fructoz < glucoz < Saccaroz C. Glucoz < Saccaroz < Fructoz. D. Saccaroz <Fructoz < glucoz. Cu 23: Gia saccaroz v glucoz c c im g ging nhau? A. u c ly t c ci ng. B. u c trong bit dc huyt thanh ngt C. u b oxi ho bi [Ag(NH3)2 ]OH. D. u ho tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng cho dung dch mu xanh lam. Cu 24: C 3 l ng 3 cht bt mu trng sau: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz. Bng cch no trong cc cch sau c th nhn bit cc cht trn tin hnh theo trnh t sau: A. Dng iot, dd AgNO3/NH3. B. Ho tan vo nc, vi git dd H2SO4 un nng, dd AgNO3/NH3. C. Dng vi git dd H2SO4 un nng, dd AgNO3/NH3. D. Ho tan vo H2O, dng iot. Cu 25: D kin no sau y chng minh glucoz c nhm chc anehit? A. Glucoz phn ng vi kim loi Na gii phng H2. B. Glucoz phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng cho dung dch mu xanh lam. C. Glucoz phn ng vi dung dch CH3OH/HCl cho ete. D. Glucoz phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit cao cho kt ta gch.

1 14

2 15

3 16

4 17

5 18

P N: 6 7 8 19 20 21

9 22

10 23

11 24

12 25

13

NH GI KT QU ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................

22

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 29/9/2009 TIT 13 - 14

AMIN
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: nh ngha, phn loi v gi tn amin. - HS hiu: Cc tnh cht in hnh ca amin. 2. K nng: - Nhn dng cc hp cht amin. - Vit cc PTHH ca amin. - Quan st, gii thch cc th nghim chng minh ca amin. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, kp, ng ht nh git, a thy tinh. - Ha cht: Qu tm, anilin, nc brom, metyl amin. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Tit 1 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi

HOT NG CA GIO VIN

Hot ng 1 * GV vit CTCT ca NH3 v 4 amin khc, yu cu HS nghin cu k cc cht trong v d trn v cho bit mi quan h gia cu to amoniac v cc amin, t nu nh ngha SGK. GV: Cc em hy nghin cu k SGK v t cc v d trn. Hy cho bit cch phn loi cc amin v cho v d?

HOT NG CA HC SINH Khi nim, phn loi v danh php I. Khi nim, phn loi v danh php:
1. Khi nim, phn loi: - Khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t hiro trong phn t NH3 bng mt hay nhiu gc hirocacbon ta c amin. - Th d: CH3 - NH2 ; CH3 - NH - CH3 CH2 = CH - CH2NH2 ; C6H5NH2 - Amin c phn loi theo 2 cch: Theo gc hirocacbon: - Amin bo: CH3NH2, C2H5NH2 - Amin thm: C6H5NH2 Theo bc ca amin. - Bc 1: CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2 - Bc 2: (CH3)2 NH - Bc 3: (CH3)3 N 2. Danh php: - Cch gi tn theo danh php: Gc chc: Ankyl + amin Thay th: Ankan + v tr + amin - Tn thng thng ch p dng cho mt s amin. - Tn ca amin c gi theo danh php gc - chc v danh php thay th. Ngoi ra mt s amin c gi

* GV: Cho HS hy theo di bng 3.1 SGK (danh php cc amin) t cho bit: + Qui lut gi tn cc amin theo danh php gc chc. + Qui lut gi tn theo danh php thay th.

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GIO N 12 C BN

Sau GV b sung. theo tn thng (tn ring) nh bng 3.1 * Bi tp: Gi tn cc amin sau theo hai cch: CH3-CH2-CH-CH3, CH3-CH2-CH-CH3, NH2 NH2 Butan-2-amin hoc sec-butylamin CH3-CH2-CH2CH2-NH2 CH3-CH2-CH2CH2-NH2 Butan-1-amin hoc n-butylamin Hot ng 2 Tnh cht vt l II. Tnh cht vt l: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK v nu cc tnh - Metylamin, imetylamin, trimetylamin v etylamin cht vt l c trng ca amin v cht tiu l nhng cht kh c mi kh chu, c, d tan trong biu l anilin? nc, cc amin ng ng cao hn l cht lng hoc rn. - Nhit si tng dn v tan trong nc gim dn theo chiu tng phn t khi. - Cc amin thm u l cht lng hoc rn v d b oxi ha. Tit 2 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c :
CU TO PHN T V TNH CHT HA HC

3. Bi mi III. Cu to phn t v tnh cht ha hc: 1. Cu to phn t: - Cc amin mch h u c cp electron t do ca nguyn t nit trong nhm chc, do chng c tnh baz. 2. Tnh cht ha hc: - Tnh baz v phn ng th nhn thm a. Tnh baz: - dd metylamin: qu tm ha xanh - dd anilin: qu tm khng i mu. - Gii thch: CH3NH2 + H2O [CH3NH3]+ + OH- Anilin v cc amin thm khc phn ng rt km vi nc. - Hin tng khi cho C6H5NH2 tc dng vi dd HCl + Anilin khng tan trong nc. + Khi cho dd HCl vo thy anilin tan. - Gii thch: C6H5NH2 + HCl [C6H5NH3]+Cl - Tnh baz : CH3NH2 > NH3 >C6H5NH2 b. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin: - Hin tng: + Xut hin kt ta trng. - Gii thch: - Do nh hng ca nhm NH2, nguyn t brm d dng thay th cc nguyn t H v tr 2,4,6 trong nhn thm ca phn t anilin.

* GV: Gii thiu bit CTCT ca vi amin. Cho HS phn tch c im cu to ca amin mch h v anilin. * T CTCT v nghin cu SGK em hy cho bit amin mch h v anilin c tnh cht ho hc g? * GV: Chng minh TN 1 cho quan st. Yu cu HS nu hin tng v gii thch. * GV: Biu din th nghim gia C6H5NH2 vi dd HCl. Yu cu HS nu hin tng v gii thch. * Cho Hs so snh tnh baz ca metylamin, amoniac v anilin. * GV: Biu din th nghim ca anilin vi nc brm. Yu cu HS quan st v nu hin tng xy ra v gii thch. * GV cho bit: Phn ng ny dng nhn bit anilin.

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GIO N 12 C BN

NH2 + 3Br2

Br

NH2 Br + 3HBr Br

Hot ng 4 Nhn bit cc cht sau bng pp ha hc: Anillin, phenol, benzen V. Rt kinh nghim:

2, 4, 6 tribromanilin Cng c - Phenol nhn bit bng Na. - Anilin nhn bt bng dd brom - Cn li l benzen.

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TIT 15:

AMINOAXIT

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Khi nim v aminoaxit. - HS hiu: Nhng tnh cht ha hc in hnh ca aminoaxit. 2. K nng: - Nhn dng cc hp cht aminoaxit. - Vit cc PTHH ca aminoaxit. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

HOT NG CA GIO VIN

Hot ng 1 * GV vit mt vi cng thc aminoaxit thng gp sau cho hc sinh nhn xt nhm chc. T nu nh ngha v aminoaxit. * VD: H2N -CH(CH3)- COOH (alanin) * Cho HS tham kho sgk xem cc v d t nu cch gi tn amino axit.

HOT NG CA HC SINH
Khi nim

I. Khi nim: - Aminoaxit l nhng HCHC tp chc va cha nhm chc amin (-NH2) va cha nhm chc cacboxyl (COOH) - Tn gi ca cc amino axit xut pht t tn ca axit cacboxilic tng ng (tn thay th, tn thng thng), c thm tip u ng amino v ch s (2,3,...) hoc ch ci Hi Lp ( , ,...) ch v tr ca nhm NH2 trong mch. Hot ng 2 Cu to phn t v tnh cht ha hc II. Cu to phn t v tnh cht ha hc: 1. Cu to phn t: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK t ua ra - V nhm COOH c tnh axit, nhm NH2 c tnh baz cu to phn t ca aminoaxit v tnh nn trng thi kt tinh amino axit tn ti dng ion cht vt l c trng ca n. lng cc. Trong dung dch, dng ion lng cc chuyn mt phn nh thnh dng phn t: R CH COOR CH COOH
+

NH3

NH2

Hot ng 3 * Da vo cu to aminoaxit hy cho bit cc aminoaxit tham gia phn ng ha hc no? * Hy vit PTHH 2 phn ng sau: NH2CH2COOH + HCl ? NH2CH2COOH + NaOH ? * GV: Trong phn t Aminoaxit va cha nhm - NH2 va cha nhm -COOH vy gia cc phn t aminoaxit c th tc dng vi nhau c khng? Yu cu HS vit PTHH minh ha.

dng ion lng cc dng phn t - iu kin thng chng l cht rn kt tinh, tng i d tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao. Tnh cht ha hc 2. Tnh cht ha hc: - Phn tch cu to bit c aminoaxit va c tnh cht axit va c tnh baz (lng tnh). a- Tnh baz: Tc dng axit mnh HOOC-CH2-NH2 + HCl HOOC-CH2-NH3Cl b- Tnh axit: Tc dng vi baz mnh H2N-CH2COOH + NaOH H2N-CH2COONa + H2O c. Phn ng trng ngng: Khi un nng: Nhm - COOH ca phn t ny tc dng vi nhm -NH2 ca phn t kia cho sn phm c khi lng phn t ln, ng thi gii phng H2O to nH2N[CH2]5COOH ( HN[CH2]5CO )n + nH2O d. Phn ng este ha ca nhm COOH - Tng t axit cacboxylic, amino axit phn ng c

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GIO N 12 C BN

vi ancol (c axt vc mnh xc tc) cho este. - Th d: H2NCH2COOH + C2H5OH H2NCH2COOC2H5 + H2O Hot ng 4 ng dng III. ng dng: * Cho HS c SGK v rt ra ng dng - L hp cht c s kin to nn cc loi protein ca amino axit. ca c th sng. - Dng lm gia v thc n, thuc h tr thn kinh, thuc b gan. - L nguyn liu sn xut mt s loi t . . . Hot ng 5 Cng c Cho HS lm cc bi tp 2 trong SGK Cu 2: D IV. Rt kinh nghim:

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TIT 16 - 17:

PEPTIT V PROTEIN
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Peptit, protein, enzim, axit nucleic l g v vai tr ca chng trong c th sinh vt. - Bit s lc v cu trc v tnh cht ca protein. 2. K nng: - Nhn dng mch peptit. - Vit cc PTHH ca peptit v protein. - Gii cc bi tp ha hc lin quan n bi hc. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Tit 1 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi

HOT NG CA GIO VIN

Hot ng 1

HOT NG CA HC SINH
Peptit

I. Peptit: 1. Khi nim: * Cc em hy nghin cu SGK v cho - Peptit l loi cht cha t 2 n 50 gc - ainoaxit bit khi nim ca peptit? lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt peptit. - Lin kt peptit: -CO-NH- VD: NH CH CO NH CH CO . R1 R2 - Lin kt peptit -CO-NH- gia hai n v aminoaxit. Nhm -CO-NH- gia hai n v aminoaxit c gi l nhm peptit. - Nhng phn t cha 2, 3, 4 . . . gc -aminoaxit c gi l i-, tri-, tetra-, . . .polipeptit. 2. Tnh cht ha hc: a. Phn ng thy phn: - Khi un nng vi dung dch axit baz hay nh xc tc ca enzim peptit b thu phn thnh hn hp cc - aminoaxit. - PTHH minh ha: H2N-CH-CO-NH-CH-CO-NH-CHCO-..NHCHCOOH R1 R2 R3 Rn + + (n-1)H2O H hoc OH H2NCHCOOH + H2NCHCOOH + H2NCHCOOH +

* Yu cu cc em hc sinh nghin cu SGK v cho bit cch phn loi peptit. * GV: Cc em hy nghin cu SGK v cho bit qui lut ca phn ng thu phn ca peptit trong mi trng axit, baz hoc nh xc tc enzim? Vit pthh minh ha.

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GIO N 12 C BN

R1

R1

R2

* GV lm th nghim v phn ng mu biure. Yu cu HS nu hin tng. Kt b. Phn ng mu biure: lun. - Hin tng: Xut hin mu tm. - Trong mi trng kim, peptit tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tm. l mu ca hp cht phc gia peptit c t hai lin kt peptit tr ln. Tit 2 PROTEIN 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi

II. Protein: * Cc em hy nghin cu SGK cho bit 1. Khi nim: nh ngha v protein v phn loi. - Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc ngn n vi triu vC. - Protein c chia lm 2 loi: + Protein n gin: VD: lng trng trng. . . + Protein phc tp: VD: axit nucleic . . . 2. Cu to phn t: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK cho bit cu - Phn t protein c cu to t mt hay nhiu chui to phn t protein. polipeptit kt hp vi nhau c CT chung l: NH-CH-CO 3. Tnh cht: * Em hy nu tnh cht vt l ca a. Tnh cht vt l: protein. - Tan c trong nc to thnh dd keo. - B ng t li khi un nng. * Cc em hy nghin cu SGK v cho b. Tnh cht ha hc: bit nhng tnh cht c trng ca - Khi un nng protein vi dung dch axit, dung dch protein? baz hoc nh xc tc ca enzim, cc lin kt peptit trong phn t protein b phn ct dn, to thnh c chui polipetit v cui cng thnh hn hp cc amino axit. 4. Vai tr ca protein i vi s sng: * Em hy cho bit vai tr ca protein - Protein l c s to nn s sng, c protein mi c i vi s sng. s sng. Khi nim v enzim v axit nucleic III. Khi nim v enzim v axit nucleic: 1. Enzim: * Cc em hy nghin cu SGK v cho - Enzim l nhng cht hu ht c bn cht protein, c bit: kh nng xc tc cho cc qu trnh ho hc, c bit - nh ngha v enzim trong c th sinh vt. - Cc c im ca enzim. - Xc tc enzim c 2 c im: + C tnh chn lc cao, mi enzim ch xc tc cho mt s chuyn ho nht nh. + Tc phn ng nh xc tc enzim rt ln 9 gp 10 1011 tc phn ng nh xc tc ho hc. 2. Axit nucleic: * Cc em hy nghin cu SGK v cho - Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit phtphoric v bit c im chnh ca axit nucleic. pentoz (monosaccarit c 5 C)mi pentoz li c mt Cho bit s khc nhau ca phn t nhm th l mt baz nit.

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AND v ARN khi nghin cu SGK?

+ Nu pentoz l riboz: to axit ARN. + Nu pentoz l eoxiriboz: to axit ADN. + Khi lng ADN t 4 - 8 triu vC, thng tn ti dng xon kp. Khi lng phn t ARD nh hn ADN, thng tn ti dng xon n. Cng c

Hot ng 4 HD cho HS lm cc bi tp 1 v 2 1. B SGK. 2. C IV. Rt kinh nghim:

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GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 10/10/2009 TIT 18: LUYN TP: CU TO V TNH CHT CA AMIN, AMINOAXIT V PROTEIN
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - So snh, cng c kin thc v cu to cng nh tnh cht ca amin, aminoaxit v protein. 2. K nng: - Lm bng tng kt cc hp cht trong chng. - Vit cc PTHH ca cc phn ng di dng tng qut cho cc hp cht amin v aminoaxit. - Gii cc bi tp phn amin, aminoaxit v protein. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi

A. KIN THC CN NM Hot ng 1: GV s dng bng ph, yu cu HS hot ng theo nhm cp i: tho lun ri in vo bng: Loi hp cht Amin bc I Aminoaxit Protein CTCT Nhm chc c trng Tnh cht ho hc Thng tin: Loi hp cht Amin bc I Aminoaxit Protein CTCT R - NH2 H2N R COOH Nhm chc c - NH2 2 loi: -NH2 v - HN - CO trng - COOH Tnh cht ho hc - Tnh baz. - C tnh lng tnh. - Phn ng thy phn - anilin c phn ng th - Trng ngng. - Phn ng mu. Br2. B. BI TP HOT NG CA THY HOT NG CA TR Hot ng 2 Phng trnh ha hc * HS tho lun v c ngi ln hon thnh cc PTHH * Cho HS tho lun v hon thnh cc ca cc phn ng xy ra. + PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: C 2 H 5 NH 3 Cl a. C2H5NH2 + HCl a. C2H5NH2 v HCl b. 3C2H5NH2 + 3H2O + AlCl3 + b. dung dch C2H5NH2 v AlCl3 3 C 2 H 5 NH 3 Cl + c. H2N-CH2-COOH v NaOH Al(OH)3 c. H2N-CH2-COOH + NaOH H2N-CH2-COONa + H2O Hot ng 3 Bi tp v nhn bit * HS tho lun v a ra phng n nhn bit: * Cho HS tho lun v nhn bit cc - Trch ho cht.

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dung dch mt nhn: CH3NH2, CH3COONH4

- Qu tm: CH3NH2. H2NCH2COOH, - NaOH nhn bit c CH3COONH4. - Vit cc PTTHH minh ho cc phn ng xy ra.

Bi tp v aminoaxit * Bi 5 - SGK. HS tho lun v trnh by cch gii * GV hng dn HS cch gii bi 5- di s hng dn ca gio vin. SGK. - Tnh s mol HCl: n HCl = 0,1mol - T phn ng vi HCl suy ra M = 145. - A c 1 nhm - NH2 (v tr ) v 1 nhm - COOH. Vy CTCT ca A: * GV hng dn, yu cu HS vit cc ng phn cn li ca A.
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH NH2 COOH

Hot ng 4

HS t vit cc ng phn cn li ca A. HOT NG 5: CNG C 1.Cho X l mt Aminoaxit (C 1 nhm chc -NH2 v mt nhm chc -COOH) iu khng nh no sau y khng ng. A. X khng lm i mu qu tm; B. Khi lng phn t ca X l mt s l C. Khi lng phn t ca X l mt s chn D. Hp cht X phi c tnh lng tnh 2. Axit -amino propionic phn ng c vi cht: A. HCl B. C2H5OH C. NaCl D. a&b ng 3. Mt amino axit A c 40,4% C; 7,9% H; 15,7 % N; 36%O v MA = 89. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C3H5O2N B. C3H7O2N C. C2H5O2N D. C4H9O2N IV. Rt kinh nghim:

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GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son: 20/10/2009 Chng 4 :POLIME V VT LIU POLIME TIT 19, 20: I CNG V POLIME
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: nh ngha, c im cu to ca polime. - HS hiu: Phn ng trng hp v phn ng trng ngng. 2. K nng: - Phn loi, gi tn polime - So snh phn ng trng hp v phn ng trng ngng. - Vit cc PTHH ca cc phn ng tng hp to ra polime. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Tit 1 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi

HOT NG CA GIO VIN

Hot ng 1 * Em hy tm hiu SGK v cho bit th no l polime? Ly mt vi VD minh ha.

HOT NG CA HC SINH
Khi nim I. Khi nim: - Polime l nhng hp cht hu c c khi lng phn t rt ln do nhiu v c s (gi l mch xch) lin kt vi nhau to nn. - VD: PE, Tinh bt, CH2-CH2 - Trong : + n h s polime ha + phn t CH2=CH2 gi l monome. - Tn polime: poli + tn monome. - Polime: c ba loi: + Thin nhin: tinh bt + Tng hp: polietilen . . . + Bn tng hp: T visco . . . c im cu trc II. c im cu trc: - Cc polime thin nhin v tng hp c th c 3 dng cu trc c bn: Dng mch thng: PE, PVC, xenluloz dng phn nhnh: amilopectin ca tinh bt... Dng mng li khng gian: - VD: Cao su lu ha (cc mch thng trong cao su lu ha gn vi nhau bi nhng cu ni isunfua S S ). Tnh cht vt l

* Cc em hy nghin cu SGK v cho bit cch phn loi polime? Ly cc VD minh ha. Hot ng 2 * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, rt ra kin thc quan trng v c im cu trc polime. Ly VD.

Hot ng 3

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III. Tnh cht vt l: * Em hy nu cc tnh cht vt l quan - Cc polime l nhng cht rn, khng bay hi, t0nc c trng ca polime. khong kh rng. - a s polime khng tan trong cc dung mi thng thng. - Nhiu polime c tnh do (PE, PVC) c tnh n hi (cao su), cch nhit, cch in(PE, PVC). Hot ng 4 Tnh cht ha hc IV. Tnh cht ha hc: * Da vo cc CTCT ca polime, a - Cc p phn ct mch polime ra cc tnh cht ha hc ca polime. - Cc phn ng gi nguyn mch polime. - Cc phn ng lm tng mch polime. 1. Phn ng phn ct mch cacbon: * GV gii thiu tnh cht ho hc c - Phn ng thy phn: VD tinh bt, xenluloz. trng. Yu cu HS vit PTHH minh - Phn ng nhit phn: VD 300 C ho? nCH = CH2 CH - CH2 aC6H5 n
0

CH2 - CH = C - CH2 CH3 n

+ n HCl

C6H5

CH - CH2

3000C

2. Phn ng gi nguyn mch polime: - PTHH

CH2 - CH = C - CH2 + n HCl n CH2 - CH2 - CCl - CH2 CH3 n CH3

b-

C6H5

3. Phn ng tng mch polime: - PTHH minh ha:

OH CH2 OH CH2

CH2OH +

CH2

nH2O

CH2 OH n OH

CH2 n

Tit 2 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi

Phng php iu ch

V. iu ch: * GV yu cu HS nu cc khi nim 1. Phn ng trng hp: sau: - Trng hp l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh - nh ngha phn ng trng hp. (monomer), ging nhau hay tng t nhau thnhphn t - iu kin ca monome tham gia phn ln. ng trng hp. - iu kin cn v cu to ca monome tham gia phn - Vit PTHH iu ch poli vinylclorua ng trng hp l trong phn t phi c lin kt bi hoc t monome tng ng. l vng km bn. - VD:
nH C 2 C= H | C l
c C - x tc HC H o tp |, C l
2

2. Phn ng trng ngng: * GV yu cu HS nu cc khi nim - nh ngha: Trng ngng l qu trnh kt hp nhiu sau: phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ng -nh ngha phn ng trng ngng. thi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc (nh H2O).

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- iu kin ca cc monome tham gia phn ng trng ngng. - Phn bit cht phn ng vi nhau v monome. - Vit PTHH t cc monome sau:
HOOC-C6H4-COOH v HO-CH2-CH2-OH

- iu kin cn : V cu to ca monome tham gia phn ng trng ngng l phn t phi c t nht 2 nhm chc c kh nng phn ng. - VD:
6O4 n O C H C O + H C -C O H O -C H nOH H H A itt r p t lic x ee ha Ey ng o t le lic l ( C -C H 6 O4 -C H O ) 2+ 4 H O O C -O 2 n n p li( t le t r p t la) o ey n ee ha t 2 2

t
2

ng dng VI. ng dng: * Em hy nu cc ng dng ca polime - Polime c nhiu ng dng phc v cho sn xut v i m em bit. sng: VD: Cht do, t si, cao su, keo dn . . . Cng c * GV cng c bi bng cc cu trc - Cu 1: p n: B. nghim 1 v 2 SGK. - Cu 2: p n: A. IV. Rt kinh nghim:

............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................

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Ngy son: 1/11/2009 TIT 21, 22: VT LIU POLIME

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Khi nim v mt s vt liu: Cht do, t, cao su, keo dn. - Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca chng. 2. K nng: - So snh cc loi vt liu. - Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng tng hp ra mt s polime dng lm cht do, cao su v t tng hp. - Gii cc bi tp v polime. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi phng tin trc quan. III. Chun b: - Cc mu polime, cao su, t, keo dn. - Tranh nh v cc t liu lin quan n bi ging. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Tit 1 n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s

HOT NG CA GIO VIN

HOT NG CA HC SINH
0

Hot ng 1 Kim tra bi c * Vit PTHH iu ch cc polime t a. t cc monome sau: n H2N - [CH2]5 - COOH a. H2N-[CH2]5-COOH. NH - [CH2]5 - CO + n H2O n b. CH2=CHCl-CH=CH2. Na b. nCH2=CHCl-CH=CH2 ( CH2-CHCl=CH-CH2 )
n

Cht do I. Cht do: 1. Khi nim v cht do v vt liu compozit: * GV yu cu hc sinh nghin cu - Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c tnh do. SGK cho bit: - Thnh phn c bn l polime + ph gia, cht n, bt - Cht do l g? Tnh do l g? mu. - Thnh phn cht do? - Tnh do: L tnh b bin dng khi chu tc dng ca - Khi nim vt liu compozit? nhit , p lc bn ngoi v vn gi nguyn s bin - Thnh phn vt liu compozit? dng khi thi tc dng. - Vt liu compozit l vt liu hn hp gm t nht 2 hay thnh phn vt liu phn tn vo nhau m khng tan vo nhau. 2. Mt s polime dng lm cht do: * GV t chc m thoi gi m. Yu a. Polietilen (PR): cu HS: - iu ch: nCH2 = CH2 ( CH2-CH2 )n - Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch - Tnh cht: Cht do, mm, nng chy trn 1100C . . . cc polime ? - ng dng: Lm vt liu cch in, lm bnh cha . . . - Tnh cht v ng dng ca mi loi? b. Poli vinylcorua (PVC): - iu ch: nCH2 = CH ( CH2 - CH )n
Cl Cl

Bi mi : Hot ng 2 :

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GIO N 12 C BN

- Tnh cht: Cht rn v nh hnh, cch in tt, bn vi axit . . - ng dng: Lm ng dn nc, vi che ma . . c. Poli metylmetacrylat (thy tinh hu c): - iu ch: COOCH3
nCH2 = C - COOCH3 CH3 CH2 C CH3 n

- Tnh cht: L cht rn trong sut, c kh nng cho nh sng truyn qua tt . . - ng dng: Ch to thy tinh hu c. d. Poli phenol-fomandehit (PPF): - iu ch:
OH OH CH,75oC, H O OH H+ 2 2 OH CH2

* GV b sung thm trng hp dng n d fomadehit v dng xc tc baz th thu c nha rezol, un nng chy - Tnh cht: L cht rn, d nng chy, d tan trong mt nha rezol, sau ngui th thu s dung mi hu c. c nha rezit. - ng dng: sn xut bt p, sn . . . Hot ng 3 T II. T: * GV yu cu hc sinh tm hiu SGK: 1. Khi nim: - nh ngha t? - T l nhng vt liu polime hnh si di v mnh vi - Cho th d minh ho? bn nht nh. - Phn loi t? Th d. - Th d: t tm, t nilon . . . 2. Phn loi: - T thin nhin: Xenluloz; bng, ay . . . - T ha hc: chia ra thnh hai nhm + T nhn to: C ngun gc thin nhin nhng c ch bin thm bng phng php ha hc: T visco, t xenluloz axetat . . . + T tng hp: Ch to t cc polime tng hp: nilon6; nilon-6,6 . . . 3. Mt s loi t thng gp: * GV t chc m thoi gi m. Yu a. T nilon-6,6: cu HS: - PT iu ch: Thuc loi to poli amit. - Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch nH2N-[CH2]6-NH2 + n HOOC-[CH2]4-COOH cc polime ? ( NH-[CH2]6-NHCO-[CH2]4-CO ) n + 2nH2O - Tnh cht v ng dng ca mi loi? Poli(hexametylen-aipamit) (nilon-6,6) - Tnh cht: nilon-6,6 dai bn, mm mi ng mt, t thm nc, km bn vi nhit, axit v kim. - Dng dt vi may mc, vi lt sm lp xe, bt tt, dy cp, dy d, an li . . . b. T nitron (hay olon) thuc loi t vinylic: - PT iu ch: nCH2=CH ( CH2CH ) n CN CN Acrilonitrin poliacrilonitrin - Tnh cht: dai, bn vi nhit v gi nhit tt. - ng dng: Dng dt vi may qun o m . . . Cao su

n + nCH2=O

Hot ng 4 Tit 2 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s

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GIO N 12 C BN

2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi

III. Cao su: 1. Khi nim: * GV yu cu hc sinh tm hiu SGK - Cao su l vt liu olime c tnh n hi. - Tnh cht: cao su c tnh n hi v mch phn t c cu v tr li cc vn : hnh cis, c gp khc ln. - Khi nim cao su. 2. Phn loi: - Tnh cht cao su. - C 2 loi cao su: Cao su thin nhin v cao su tng hp. - Phn loi. - Yu cu HS nu cu trc, tnh cht v a. Cao su thin nhin: Cao su thin nhin ly t m cy cao su. ng dng ca mi loi cao su.
* Cu to: Cao su thin nhin l polime ca isopren. ( CH2C=CHCH2 ) n (n = 1.500 15.000)

* GV b sung thm: - ng trng hp buta-1,3-dien vi stiren c mt Na ta c cao su buna-S c tnh n hi cao. * ng trng hp buta-1,3-dien vi acrilonitrin c mt Na c cao su buna-N Hot ng 5

CH3 * Tnh cht v ng dng: n hi, khng dn nhit v dn in, khng thm nc v kh, khng tan trong nc, etanol . . . nhng tan trong xng v benzen, tham gia phn ng cng H2, HCl, Cl2 tc dng vi lu hunh cho cao su lu ha. b. Cao su tng hp: - Cao su Buna: Trng hp buta-1,3-ien c mt Na: nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 ( CH2-CH=CH-CH2 )n

Keo dn tng hp IV. Keo dn tng hp: * GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v 1. Khi nim: tr li cc vn sau: - L loi vt liu c kh nng kt dnh 2 mnh vt liu - Th no l keo dn tng hp. ging nhau hoc khc nhau m khng lm bin i bn - Bn cht ca keo dn tng hp l g? cht cc vt liu c kt dnh. - K tn mt s keo dn thng gp. - Bn cht:L c th to ra mng ht sc mng, bn chc gia hai mnh vt liu. Lp mng mng ny phi bm chc vo hai mnh vt liu c dn. 2. Mt s keo dn tng hp thng dng: a. Nha v sm: - Nha v sm: l dung dch keo ca cao su thin nhin trong dung mi hu c nh toluene, xilen . . . b. Keo dn epoxi: L polime c cha nhm epoxi
CH2CH, kt hp thm cht ng rn thng gi l cc O triamin nh H2NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2. Keo dn epoxi dng dn cc vt liu kim loi, g, thy tinh, cht do trong cc ngnh sn xut t, my bay, xy dng v trong i sng hng ngy. c. Keo dn ure-fomandehit: - c iu ch t ure v fomandehit trong mi trng axit, sau trng hp mono metylolure s thu c poli (urefomandehit) : nNH2-CO-NH2 + nCH2O n NH2-CO-NH-CH2OH ure fomandehit monometylolure ( NH-CO-NH-CH2 ) n + nH2O Poli(ure-fomandehit) - Khi dng, phi thm cht ng rn nh axit oxalic, axit lactic, to polime dng khng gian rn li bn vi du m v mt s dung mi thong dng. keo ure-fomandehit dng dn cc vt liu bng g, cht d o.

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Hot ng 6 * GV cng c bi bng cc cu trc - Cu 1: p n: B nghim 1 v 2 SGK. - Cu 2: p n: D IV. Rt kinh nghim:

Cng c

Ngy son 7/11/2009 TIT 23, 24: LUYN TP: POLIME V VT LIU POLIME
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c nhng hiu bit v cc phng php iu ch polime. - Cng c kin thc v cu to mch polime. 2. K nng: - So snh hai phn ng trng hp v trng ngng iu ch polime. - Gii cc bi tp v hp cht polime. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: 1. n nh t chc lp,kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi HOT NG CA THY HOT NG CA TR Hot ng 1: 1. Khi nim: 1. Khi nim: GV: Yu cu hc sinh: HS: Tr li - Hy nu nh ngha polime. Cc khi nim v h - Polime l loi hp cht c khi lng phn t s polime ho. ln do s kt hp ca nhiu n v nh( mc xch - Hy cho bit cch phn bit cc polime. lin kt) to nn. - Hy cho bit cc loi phn ng tng hp polime. - Polime c phn thnh polime thin nhin, So snh cc loi phn ng ? polime tng hp v polime nhn to. - Hai loi phn ng to ra polime l phn ng trng hp v phn ng trng ngng 2. Cu trc phn t: 2. Cu trc phn t: GV: Em hy cho bit cc dng cu trc phn t ca polime, nhng c im ca dng cu trc HS: Tr li ? Hot ng 2: 3. Tnh cht : a. Tnh cht vt l: GV: Em hy cho bit tnh cht vt l c trng ca polime? b. Tnh cht ho hc: HS: Cho bit cc loi phn ng ca polime, cho v d, cho bit c im ca cc loi phn ng ny? 3. Tnh cht : a. Tnh cht vt l: b. Tnh cht ho hc: HS: Polime c 3 loi phn ng: - Phn ng ct mch polime ( polime b gii trng). - Phn ng gi nguyn mch polime: phn ng cng vo lin kt ihoc thay th cc nhm chc ngoi mch - Phn ng tng mch polime: to ra cc cu ni S- S- hoc CH2-

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GIO N 12 C BN

Hot ng 3: GV: Gi hs gii cc bi tp 1,2,5,6 (SGK) Hot ng 4: Cng c v dn d. Cc em v nh gii cc bi tp cn li trong SGK v SBT IV. Rt kinh nghim:

HS: Gii bi tp

............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................

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GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son :7/11/2009 TIT 25: BI THC HNH S 2: MT S TNH CHT CA PROTEIN V VT LII POLIME
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c nhng tnh cht c trng ca protein v vt liu polime. 2. K nng: - S dng dng c, ho cht tin hnh thnh cng mt s th nghim v tnh cht ca polime v vt liu polime thng gp. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TN thc hnh. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, bt s nh, a thy tinh, ng thy tinh, nt cao su, gi th nghim . . . - Ha cht: Cc dd CuSO4, NaOH, AgNO3, HNO3, mu PVC, si len . . IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1. Cng vic u bui thc hnh. GV: Nu mc tiu, yu cu, nhn mnh nhng lu trong bui thc hnh, nhn mnh yu cu an ton trong khi lm th nghim vi dd axit, dd xt. - n tp mt s kin thc c bn v protein v polime. - Hng dn mt s thao tc nh dng kp st (hoc panh st) kp cc mu PE, PVC, si t gn ngn la n cn, quan st hin tng. Sau mi t cc vt liu trn quan st. HS: Theo di, lng nghe. Hot ng 2 Th nghim 1: S ng t ca protein khi un nng HS: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK. GV: Quan st, hng dn HS thc hin th nghim, quan st s ng t ca protein khi un nng. Hot ng 3 Th nghim 2: Phn ng mu biure HS: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK. GV: Hng dn HS gii thch. Cu(OH)2 to thnh theo phn ng: CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 C phn ng gia Cu(OH)2 vi cc nhm peptit CONH to sn phm mu tm. Hot ng 4 Th nghim 3: Tnh cht ca mt vi vt liu polime khi un nng HS: Tin hnh th nghim vi tng vt liu polime. - H nng gn ngn la n cn: PE, PVC, si xenluloz. - t cc vt liu trn ngn la. Quan st hin tng xy ra, gii thch. GV: Theo di, hng dn HS quan st phn bit hin tng khi h nng cc vt liu gn ngn la n cn v khi t chy cc vt liu . T c nhn xt chnh xc v cc hin tng xy ra.

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GIO N 12 C BN

Th nghim 4: Phn ng ca mt vi vt liu HS: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca polime vi kim. SGK. GV: Hng dn HS thc hin cc th nghim. Hot ng 6: Cng vic sau bui thc hnh. GV: Nhn xt, nh gi v tit thc hnh. HS: Thu dn dng c, ho cht, v sinh PTN. Vit tng trnh theo mu sau. V. CNG C: VI. DN D: 1. Vit bn tng trnh th nghim 3, 4 theo mu sau: Hin tng quan st c t th nghim vi vt liu Th nghim PE (1) PVC (2) Si len (3) Si xenluloz (4) H nng gn ngn la n cn t vt liu trn ngn la n cn Dung dch 1, 2 tc dng vi dd AgNO3 Dung dch 3, 4 tc dng vi dd CuSO4 2. Tit sau kim tra vit.

Ngy son 14/11/2009

Tit 26. BI VIT S 2 PHN I: Trc nghim khch quan Khoanh trn vo ch ci A hoc B,C,D ch phng n ng trong cc cu sau y: 1. Khi nh dung dch HNO3 c vo lng trng trng c hin tng: A.. Kt ta mu vng. C. C mu tm c trng B . Dung dch mu vng D. C mu xanh lam. 2. Cng thc C3H9N c : A. Bn ng phn. B. Ba ng phn. C. hai ng phn. D. Nm ng phn.

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GIO N 12 C BN

3. Cho cc dung dch v cc cht lng sau: glixerol, protein, glucoz, fomon, etanol. Dng thuc th no trong s cc thuc th sau y nhn bit c cc cht trn A. Dung dch NaOH B. Dung dch HNO3 C. Dung dch AgNO3/ NH3 D. Cu(OH)2/OH4. Cho cc cht: CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5NH2, (CH3 )2NH2. Tnh baz ca cc cht tng dn theo th t : A. NH3, CH3NH2, , (CH3 )2NH2 , C6H5NH2 . B. (CH3 )2NH2, CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5NH2. C. NH3, C6H5NH2, (CH3 )2NH2, CH3NH2. D. C6H5NH2, NH3 , CH3NH2, (CH3 )2NH2 . 5. Thu phn tng phn mt penta peptit c ipeptit v tripeptit sau: AD BE CB DC DCB Hy xc nh trnh t cc amino axit trong pentapeptit trn: A. A D B E C B. A B C D E C. A D - C B E D. A D B- C E 6. Khi clo ho PVC ta thu c mt loi t clorin cha 63,964% clo v khi lng. Hi trung bnh mt phn t clo tc dng c vi bao nhiu mc xch PVC. Trong cc s di y: 1. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 7. T nilon - 6.6 l E. Poli este ca axit ipic v etylen glicol. F. Hexa clo xiclo hexan. G. Poli amit ca axit ipic vi hexa metylen iamin H. Poliamit ca axit - amino Caproic PHN II: T lun(Hc sinh lm ra giy kim tra) 1.Cho cc dung dch HCl, KOH, K2SO4, C2H5OH: axit amino axetic phn ng c vi nhng dung dch no? Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v ghi r iu kin nu c. 2. T tinh bt v cc cht v c cn thit khc. Hy vit s v phng trnh phn ng iu ch ra: PE, cao subuna. 11. Cho 10,3 gam 1 amino axit no ( trong phn t ch cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH) tc dng vi dung dch HCl d ta thu c dung dch A trong c cha 13,95 gam mui. a. Xc nh CTPT ca amino axit. b. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M tc dng vi dung dch A. Bit HCl ly d 25% so vi lng cn thit.

P N 5

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GIO N 12 C BN

NH GI KT QU ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................

Ngy son

/11/2009 CHNG 5:

I CNG V KIM LOI

Tit 27:V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG BNG TUN HON V CU TO CA KIM LOI
I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon. - Cu to ca nguyn t kim loi v cu to tinh th ca cc kim loi. - Lin kt kim loi. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng t v tr ca kim loi suy ra cu to v tnh cht, t tnh cht suy ra ng dng v phng php iu ch. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. - Bng ph v s cu to nguyn t (c ghi bn knh nguyn t) ca cc nguyn t thuc chu k 2. - Tranh v 3 kiu mng tinh th v m hnh tinh th kim loi (mng tinh th lc phng, lp phng tm din, lp phng tm khi). III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t 11Na, 20Ca, 13Al. Xc nh s electron lp ngoi cng v cho bit l nguyn t kim loi hay phi kim ? 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG BNG TUN

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GIO N 12 C BN

GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t kim loi trong bng tun hon. GV gi HS t rt ra kt lun v v tr ca cc nguyn t kim loi trong bng tun hon. Hot ng 2 GV yu cu HS vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t kim loi: Na, Mg, Al v cc nguyn t phi kim P, S, Cl. So snh s electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi v phi kim trn. Nhn xt v rt ra kt lun. GV dng bng ph v s cu to nguyn t ca cc nguyn t thuc chu k 2 v yu cu HS rt ra nhn xt v s bin thin ca in tch ht nhn v bn knh nguyn t.

HON - Nhm IA (tr H), nhm IIA (tr B) v mt phn ca cc nhm IVA, VA, VIA. - Cc nhm B (t IB n VIIIB). - H lantan v actini. II CU TO CA KIM LOI 1. Cu to nguyn t - Nguyn t ca hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi u c t electron lp ngoi cng (1, 2 hoc 3e). Th d: Na: [Ne]3s1 Mg: [Ne]3s2 Al: [Ne]3s23p1 - Trong chu k, nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi c bn knh nguyn t ln hn v in tch ht nhn nh hn so vi cc nguyn t ca nguyn t phi kim. Th d: 11Na 12Mg 13Al 14Si 15P 16S 17Cl 0,157 0,136 0,125 0,117 0,110 0,104 0,099

2. Cu to tinh th - nhit thng, tr Hg th lng, cn cc kim loi khc th rn v c cu to tinh th. - Trong tinh th kim loi, nguyn t v ion kim loi nm nhng nt ca mng tinh th. Cc electron ho tr lin kt yu vi ht nhn nn d tch khi nguyn t v chuyn ng t do trong mng tinh th. a) Mng tinh th lc phng - Cc nguyn t, ion kim loi nm trn cc nh v tm cc mt ca hnh lc gic ng v ba nguyn t, ion nm pha trong ca hnh lc gic. - Trong tinh th, th tch ca cc nguyn t v ion kim loi Hot ng 3 chim 74%, cn li 26% l khng gian trng. GV thng bo v cu to ca n cht kim loi. V d: Be, Mg, Zn. b) Mng tinh th lp phng tm din GV dng m hnh thng bo 3 kiu mng tinh - Cc nguyn t, ion kim loi nm trn cc nh v tm cc th ca kim loi. mt ca hnh lp phng. HS nhn xt v s khc nhau ca 3 kiu mng - Trong tinh th, th tch ca cc nguyn t v ion kim loi tinh th trn. chim 74%, cn li 26% l khng gian trng. V d: Cu, Ag, Au, Al, c) Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi - Cc nguyn t,ion kim loi nm trn cc nh v tm ca hnh lp phng. - Trong tinh th, th tch ca cc nguyn t v ion kim loi chim 68%, cn li 32% l khng gian trng. V d: Li, Na, K, V, Mo, GV thng bo v lin kt kim loi v yu cu HS 3. Lin kt kim loi so snh lin kt kim loi vi lin kt cng ho tr v Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong mng tinh th do c s tham gia ca lin kt ion. cc electron t do. V. CNG C: 1. GV treo bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc nh v tr ca 22 nguyn t phi kim. T thy phn cn li ca bng tun hon l gm cc nguyn t kim loi. 2. Phn bit cu to ca nguyn t kim loi v cu to ca n cht kim loi thy trong n cht, kim loi c lin kt kim loi. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 9 trang 82 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi phn TNH CHT CA KIM LOI

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Ngy son:............/............ Tit 28:TNH CHT CA KIM LOI DY IN HO CA KIM LOI (Tit 1) I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi. - HS hiu: Nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi. 2. K nng: Gii thch c nguyn nhn gy nn mt s tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Lin kt kim loi l g ? So snh lin kt kim loi vi lin kt cng ho tr v lin kt ion. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I TNH CHT VT L GV yu cu HS nu nhng tnh cht vt l chung 1. Tnh cht chung: iu kin thng, cc kim loi u trng thi rn (tr Hg), c tnh do, dn ca kim loi ( hc nm lp 9). in, dn nhit v c nh kim. 2. Gii thch a) Tnh do Hot ng 2 Kim loi c tnh do l v cc ion dng trong mng tinh th kim loi c th trt ln nhau d dng m HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch tnh do ca khng tch ri nhau nh nhng electron t do kim loi. chuyn ng dnh kt chng vi nhau. GV ?: Nhiu ng dng quan trng ca kim loi trong cuc sng l nh vo tnh do ca kim loi. Em hy k tn nhng ng dng .

b) Tnh dn in Hot ng 3 - Khi t mt hiu in th vo hai u dy kim loi, nhng electron chuyn ng t do trong kim loi s HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch nguyn nhn chuyn ng thnh dng c hng t cc m n v tnh dn in ca kim loi. cc dng, to thnh dng in. GV dn dt HS gii thch nguyn nhn v sao nhit cao th dn in ca kim loi cng gim. - nhit cng cao th tnh dn in ca kim loi cng gim do nhit cao, cc ion dng dao

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Hot ng 4 HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch nguyn nhn v tnh dn nhit ca kim loi.

Hot ng 5 HS nghin cu SGK v gii thch nguyn nhn v tnh nh kim ca kim loi. GV gii thiu thm mt s tnh cht vt l khc ca kim loi.

ng mnh cn tr dng electron chuyn ng. c) Tnh dn nhit - Cc electron trong vng nhit cao c ng nng ln, chuyn ng hn lon v nhanh chng sang vng c nhit thp hn, truyn nng lng cho cc ion dng vng ny nn nhit lan truyn c t vng ny n vng khc trong khi kim loi. - Thng cc kim loi dn in tt cng dn nhit tt. d) nh kim Cc electron t do trong tinh th kim loi phn x hu ht nhng tia sng nhn thy c, do kim loi c v sng lp lnh gi l nh kim. Kt lun: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi gy nn bi s c mt ca cc electron t do trong mng tinh th kim loi. Khng nhng cc electron t do trong tinh th kim loi, m c im cu trc mng tinh th kim loi, bn knh nguyn t,cng nh hng n tnh cht vt l ca kim loi. Ngoi mt s tnh cht vt l chung ca cc kim loi, kim loi cn c mt s tnh cht vt l khng ging nhau. - Khi lng ring: Nh nht: Li (0,5g/cm3); ln nht Os (22,6g/cm3). - Nhit nng chy: Thp nht: Hg (390C); cao nht W (34100C). - Tnh cng: Kim loi mm nht l K, Rb, Cs (dng dao ct c) v cng nht l Cr (c th ct c knh).

V. CNG C 1. Nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi ? Gii thch. 2. Em hy k tn cc vt dng trong gia nh c lm bng kim loi. Nhng ng dng ca cc vt da trn tnh cht vt l no ca kim loi ? VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1, 8 trang 88 (SGK). 2. Xem trc phn TNH CHT HO HC CHUNG CA KIM LOI

Ngy son:............/............ Tit 29:TNH CHT CA KIM LOI DY IN HO CA KIM LOI (Tit 2)

47

GIO N 12 C BN

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi v dn ra c cc PTHH chng minh cho cc tnh cht ho hc chung . - HS hiu c nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi. 2. K nng: T v tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon, suy ra cu to nguyn t v t cu to nguyn t suy ra tnh cht ca kim loi. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Ho cht: Kim loi Na, inh st, dy st, dy ng, dy nhm, ht km. Dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long, dung dch HNO3 long. Dng c: ng nghim, cc thu tinh, n cn, gi th nghim, III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi l g ? Nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh cht vt l chung . 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 II. TNH CHT HO HC GV ?: Cc electron ho tr d tch ra khi nguyn - Trong mt chu k: Bn knh nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi < bn knh nguyn t ca nguyn t phi t kim loi ? V sao ? kim. GV ?: Vy cc electron ho tr d tch ra khi - S electron ho tr t, lc lin kt vi ht nhn nguyn t kim loi. Vy tnh cht ho hc chung tng i yu nn chng d tch khi nguyn t. ca kim loi l g ? Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi l tnh kh. M Mn+ + ne 1. Tc dng vi phi kim Hot ng 2 a) Tc dng vi clo 0 0 + -1 3 t0 GV ?: Fe tc dng vi Cl2 s thu c sn phm 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 g ? b) Tc dng vi oxi GV biu din th nghim chng minh sn 0 0 t0 +3 -2 phm to thnh sau phn ng trn l mui st (III). 2Al + 3O 2Al2O3 2 0 + -2 HS vit cc PTHH: Al chy trong kh O2; Hg tc 0 0 8/3 t 3Fe + 2O Fe3O4 2 dng vi S; Fe chy trong kh O2; Fe + S. HS so snh s oxi ho ca st trong FeCl3, Fe3O4, c) Tc dng vi lu hunh FeS v rt ra kt lun v s nhng electron ca st. Vi Hg xy ra nhit thng, cc kim loi cn un nng.
Fe + S
0 0 0 0 t0 + -2 2

GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca kim loi Fe vi 0 + 1 + 2 0 dung dch HCl, nhn xt v s oxi ho ca Fe trong Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H 2 mui thu c. b) Dung dch HNO3, H2SO4 c: Phn ng vi hu GV thng bo Cu cng nh cc kim loi khc c ht cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt) th kh N+5 v S+6 trong HNO3 v H2SO4 long v 0 + 5 + 2 + 2 3Cu + 8HNO(loang) 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO +4H2O cc mc oxi ho thp hn. 3 0 + 6 + 2 + 4 HS vit cc PTHH ca phn ng. Cu + 2H 4 (ac) CuSO4 +SO2 +2H2O 2SO 3. Tc dng vi nc - Cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh: kim loi nhm IA GV thng bo v kh nng phn ng vi nc

Hg + S HgS 2. Tc dng vi dung dch axit a) Dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long

+ -2 2

FeS

48

GIO N 12 C BN

ca cc kim loi nhit thng v yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng gia Na v Ca vi nc. GV thng bo mt s kim loi tc dng vi hi nc nhit cao nh Mg, Fe,

v IIA (tr Be, Mg) kh H2O d dng nhit thng. - Cc kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh ch kh nc nhit cao (Fe, Zn,). Cc kim loi cn li khng kh c H2O.
2Na + 2H2O
0 + 1

2NaOH + 2 H

+ 1

GV yu cu HS vit PTHH khi cho Fe tc dng 4. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Kim loi mnh hn c th kh c ion ca kim loi yu hn trong vi dd CuSO4 dng phn t v ion thu gn. Xc dung dch mui thnh kim loi t do. nh vai tr ca cc cht trong phn ng trn. 0 + 2 + 2 0 HS nu iu kin ca phn ng (kim loi mnh Fe + CuSO FeSO + Cu 4 4 khng tc dng vi nc v mui tan). V. CNG C: 1. Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca kim loi l g v v sao kim loi c nhng tnh cht ? 2. Thu ngn d bay hi v rt c. Nu chng may nhit k thu ngn b v th dng cht no trong cc cht sau kh c thu ngn ? A. Bt st B. Bt lu hunh C. Bt than D. Nc 3. Dung dch FeSO4 c ln tp cht l CuSO4. Hy gii thiu phng php ho hc n gin c th loi c tp cht. Gii thch vic lm v vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 2, 3, 4, 5 trang 88-89 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi DY IN HO CA KIM LOI

Ngy son:............/............ Tit 30:TNH CHT CA KIM LOI

DY IN HO CA KIM LOI (Tit 3)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit dy in ho ca kim loi v ngha ca n. 2. K nng: D on c chiu ca phn ng oxi ho kh da vo quy tc . 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Hon thnh cc PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca phn ng sau: Cu + dd AgNO3; Fe + CuSO4. Cho bit vai tr ca cc cht trong phn ng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC III Y IN HO CA KIM LOI

49

GIO N 12 C BN

Hot ng 1 1. Cp oxi ho kh ca kim loi Ag+ + 1e Ag GV thng bo v cp oxi ho kh ca kim loi: 2+ Dng oxi ho v dng kh ca cng mt nguyn t Cu + 2e Cu kim loi to thnh cp oxi ho kh ca kim loi. Fe2++ 2e Fe GV ?: Cch vit cc cp oxi ho kh ca kim [O] [K] loi c im g ging nhau ? Dng oxi ho v dng kh ca cng mt nguyn t kim loi to nn cp oxi ho kh ca kim loi. Th d: Cp oxi ho kh Ag+/Ag; Cu2+/Cu; Fe2+/Fe Hot ng 2 2. So snh tnh cht ca cc cp oxi ho kh GV lu HS trc khi so snh tnh cht ca hai Th d: So snh tnh cht ca hai cp oxi ho kh Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag. cp oxi ho kh Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag l phn ng Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag ch xy ra theo 1 chiu. Kt lun: Tnh kh: Cu > Ag GV dn dt HS so snh c c kt qu nh Tnh oxi ho: Ag+ > Cu2+ bn. Hot ng 3: GV gii thiu dy in ho ca kim 3. Dy in ho ca kim loi loi v lu HS y l dy cha nhng cp oxi ho kh thng dng, ngoi nhng cp oxi ho kh ny ra vn cn c nhng cp khc.
K + Na+ Mg2+ Al 3+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Ag+ Au3+
Tnh oxi hoa a ion kim loa tag cu i n

Na

Mg

Al

Zn

Fe

Ni

Sn

Pb

H2 Cu

Ag

Au

Tnh kh a kim loa gia cu i m

4. ngha dy in ho ca kim loi D on chiu ca phn ng oxi ho kh theo quy Hot ng 4: tc : Phn ng gia hai cp oxi ho kh s xy GV gii thiu ngha dy in ho ca kim loi ra theo chiu cht oxi ho mnh hn s oxi ho cht kh mnh hn, sinh ra cht oxi ho yu hn v cht v quy tc . HS vn dng quy tc xt chiu ca phn ng kh yu hn. Th d: Phn ng gia hai cp Fe2+/Fe v Cu2+/Cu oxi ho kh. xy ra theo chiu ion Cu2+ oxi ho Fe to ra ion Fe2+ v Cu. Fe2+ Cu2+
Fe Cu 2+ 2+ Fe + Cu Fe + Cu Tng qut: Gi s c 2 cp oxi ho kh Xx+/X v Yy+/Y (cp Xx+/X ng trc cp Yy+/Y).

Xx+ X

Yy+ Y

Phng trnh phn ng: Yy+ + X Xx+ + Y V. CNG C 1. Da vo dy in ho ca kim loi hy cho bit: - Kim loi no d b oxi ho nht ? - Kim loi no c tnh kh yu nht ? - Ion kim loi no c tnh oxi ho mnh nht. - Ion kim loi no kh b kh nht. 2.

50

GIO N 12 C BN

a) Hy cho bit v tr ca cp Mn2+/Mn trong dy in ho. Bit rng ion H+ oxi ho c Mn. Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng. b) C th d on c iu g xy ra khi nhng l Mn vo cc dung dch mui: AgNO3, MnSO4, CuSO4. Nu c, hy vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng. 3. So snh tnh cht ca cc cp oxi ho kh sau: Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag; Sn2+/Sn v Fe2+/Fe. 4. Kim loi ng c tan c trong dung dch FeCl3 hay khng, bit trong dy in ho cp Cu2+/Cu ng trc cp Fe3+/Fe. Nu c, vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca phn ng. 5. Hy sp xp theo chiu gim tnh kh v chiu tng tnh oxi ho ca cc nguyn t v ion trong hai trng hp sau y: a) Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn, Zn2+, Ni, Ni2+, H, H+, Hg, Hg2+, Ag, Ag+ b) Cl, Cl-, Br, Br-, F, F-, I, I-. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 6,7 trang 89 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi hp kim

Ngy son:............/............

HP KIM

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Khi nim v hp kim. - Tnh cht v ng dng ca hp kim trong cc ngnh kinh t quc dn. HS hiu: V sao hp kim c tnh cht c hc u vit hn cc kim loi v thnh phn ca hp kim. 2. K nng: 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: GV su tm mt s hp kim nh gang, thp, uyra cho HS quan st. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I KHI NIM: Hp kim l vt liu kim loi c Hot ng 1 cha mt s kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim khc. HS nghin cu SGK bit khi nim v hp Th d: kim. - Thp l hp kim ca Fe vi C v mt s nguyn t khac. - uyra l hp kim ca nhm vi ng, mangan, magie, silic. II TNH CHT Tnh cht ca hp kim ph thuc vo thnh phn cc n cht tham gia cu to mng tinh th hp kim. Tnh cht ho hc: Tng t tnh cht ca cc Hot ng 2 n cht tham gia vo hp kim.

Tit 31
51

GIO N 12 C BN

Hs tr li cc cu hi sau: - V sao hp kim dn in v nhit km cc kim loi thnh phn ? - V sao cc hp kim cng hn cc kim loi thnh phn ? - V sao hp kim c nhit nng chy thp hn cc kim loi thnh phn ?

Hot ng 3 HS nghin cu SGK v tm nhng th d thc t v ng dng ca hp kim. GV b sung thm mt s ng dng khc ca cc hp kim.

Th d: Hp kim Cu-Zn - Tc dng vi dung dch NaOH: Ch c Zn phn ng Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2 - Tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng: C 2 u phn ng Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O Zn + 2H2SO4 ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht c hc: Khc nhiu so vi tnh cht ca cc n cht. Th d: - Hp kim khng b n mn: Fe-Cr-Ni (thp inoc), - Hp kim siu cng: W-Co, Co-Cr-W-Fe, - Hp kim c nhit nng chy thp: Sn-Pb (thic hn, tnc = 2100C, - Hp kim nh, cng v bn: Al-Si, Al-Cu-Mn-Mg. III NG DNG - Nhng hp kim nh,bn chu c nhit cao v p sut cao dng ch to tn la, tu v tr, my bay, t, - Nhng hp kim c tnh bn ho hc v c hc cao dng ch to cc thit b trong ngnh du m v cng nghip ho cht. - Nhng hp kim khng g dng ch to cc dng c y t, dng c lm bp, - Hp kim ca vng vi Ag, Cu (vng ty) p v cng dng ch to trang sc v trc y mt s nc cn dng c tin.

V. THNG TIN B SUNG 1. V thnh phn ca mt s hp kim - Thp khng g (gm Fe, C, Cr, Ni). - uyra l hp kim ca nhm (gm 8% - 12%Cu), cng hn vng, dng c tin, lm trang sc, ngi bt my, - Hp kim Pb-Sn (gm 80%Pb v 20%Sn) cng hn Pb nhiu, dng c ch in. - Hp kim ca Hg gi l hn hng. - ng thau (gm Cu v Zn). - ng thic (gm Cu, Zn v Sn). - ng bch (gm Cu; 20-30%Ni v lng nh st v mangan) 2. V ng dng ca hp kim - C nhng hp kim tr vi axit, baz v cc ho cht khc dng ch to cc my mc, thit b dng trong nh my sn xut ho cht. - C hp kim chu nhit cao, chu ma st mnh dng lm ng x trong ng c phn lc. - C hp kim c nhit nng chy rt thp dng ch to dn ng cha chy t ng. Trong cc kho hng ho, khi c chy, nhit tng lm hp kim nng chy v nc phun qua nhng l c hn bng hp kim ny. VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 4 trang 91 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi S N MN KIM LOI

52

GIO N 12 C BN

Tit 32: S N MN KIM LOI (Tit 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Khi nim v n mn kim loi v cc dng n mn chnh. - Cch bo v cc dng bng kim loi v my mc khi b n mn. HS hiu: Bn cht ca qu trnh n mn kim loi l qu trnh oxi ho kh trong kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng. 2. K nng: Vn dng nhng hiu bit v pin in ho gii thch hin tng n mn in ho hc. 3. Thi : C thc bo v kim loi, chng n mn kim loi do hiu r nguyn nhn v tc hi ca hin tng n mn kim loi. II. CHUN B: Bng ph v hnh biu din th nghim n mn in ho v c ch ca s n mn in ho i vi st. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi bin i nh th no khi chuyn thnh hp kim ? 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I KHI NIM: S n mn kim loi l s ph hu GV nu cu hi: V sao kim loi hay hp kim d kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng xung quanh. b n mn ? Bn cht ca n mn kim loi l g ? H qu: Kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng GV gi HS t nu ra khi nim s n mn M Mn+ + ne kim loi v bn cht ca s n mn kim loi. II CC DNG N MN 1. n mn ho hc: Hot ng 2 Th d: - Thanh st trong nh my sn xut kh Cl2 GV nu khi nim v s n mn ho hc v ly 0 0 + -1 3 th d minh ho. 2Fe + 3Cl 2FeCl
2 3

- Cc thit b ca l t, cc chi tit ca ng c t trong

3Fe + 2O 2 3Fe + 2H 2O
0 + 1 0 0

t0

Fe3O4
0

+ 8/3 -2

t0

Fe3O4 +H2

+ 8/3

n mn ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng. Hot ng 3 2. n mn in ho a) Khi nim GV treo bng ph hnh biu din th nghim n mn in ho v yu cu HS nghin cu th nghim Th nghim: (SGK) v s n mn in ho. Hin tng: GV yu cu HS nu cc hin tng v gii thch - Kim in k quay chng t c dng in chy cc hin tng . qua. - Thanh Zn b mn dn. - Bt kh H2 thot ra c thanh Cu. Gii thch: - in cc m (anot); Zn b n mn theo phn ng: Zn Zn2+ + 2e Ion Zn2+ i vo dung dch, cc electron theo dy dn

53

GIO N 12 C BN

sang in cc Cu. - in cc dng (catot): ion H+ ca dung dch H2SO4 nhn electron bin thnh nguyn t H ri thnh phn t H2 thot ra. -- -------o o -o o 2H+ + 2e H2 o o o o o oZn o o n mn in ho l qu trnh oxi ho kh, o o o o o o H o o o o o o trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca dung dch cht in li v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m n cc dng. Hot ng 4 b) n mn in ho hc hp kim st trong khng GV treo bng ph v s n mn in ho hc ca kh m Th d: S n mn gang trong khng kh m. hp kim st. - Trong khng kh m, trn b mt ca gang lun c mt lp nc rt mng ho tan O2 v kh CO2, L dd chaie li 2+ p t n to thnh dung dch cht in li. Fe O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH - Gang c thnh phn chnh l Fe v C cng tip xc vi dung dch to nn v s cc pin nh m Fe C st l anot v cacbon l catot. Vala bag g t m n ang Ti anot: Fe Fe2+ + 2e Cc electron c gii phng chuyn dch n catot. e Ti catot: O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH GV dn dt HS xt c ch ca qu trnh g st Ion Fe2+ tan vo dung dch cht in li c ho tan kh trong khng kh m. O2, Ti y, ion Fe2+ tip tc b oxi ho, di tc dng ca ion OHto ra g st c thnh phn ch yu l Fe2O3.nH2O. V. CNG C 1. n mn kim loi l g ? C my dng n mn kim loi ? Dng no xy ra ph bin hn ? 2. C ch ca qu trnh n mn in ho ? VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 1,2 trang 95 (SGK).
e
>
2+ +

Ngy son:............/............

S N MN KIM LOI (Tit 2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Khi nim v n mn kim loi v cc dng n mn chnh. - Cch bo v cc dng bng kim loi v my mc khi b n mn. HS hiu: Bn cht ca qu trnh n mn kim loi l qu trnh oxi ho kh trong kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng. 2. K nng: Vn dng nhng hiu bit v pin in ho gii thch hin tng n mn in ho hc. 3. Thi : C thc bo v kim loi, chng n mn kim loi do hiu r nguyn nhn v tc hi ca hin tng n mn kim loi. II. CHUN B: Bng ph v hnh biu din th nghim n mn in ho v c ch ca s n mn in ho i vi st. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm.

Tit 32

54

GIO N 12 C BN

IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: n mn kim loi l g ? C my dng n mn kim loi ? Dng no xy ra ph bin hn ? 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 c) iu kin xy ra s m mn in ho hc GV ?: T th nghim v qu trnh n mn in Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht. ho hc, em hy cho bit cc iu kin qu trnh Cp KL KL; KL PK; KL Hp cht ho hc n mn in ho xy ra ? Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin GV lu HS l qu trnh n mn in ho ch tip qu dy dn. xy ra khi tho mn ng thi c 3 iu kin trn, Cc in cc cng tip xc vi mt dung dch nu thiu 1 trong 3 iu kin trn th qu trnh n cht in li. mn in ho s khng xy ra. Hot ng 2 III CHNG N MN KIM LOI 1. Phng php bo v b mt GV gii thiu nguyn tc ca phng php bo Dng nhng cht bn vng vi mi trng ph v b mt. mt ngoi nhng vt bng kim loi nh bi du HS ly th d v cc dng lm bng kim loi m, sn, m, trng men, c bo v bng phng php b mt. Th d: St ty l st c trng thic, tn l st c trng km. Cc vt lm bng st c m niken hay crom. Hot ng 2 2. Phng php in ho GV gii thiu nguyn tc ca phng php in Ni kim loi cn bo v vi mt kim loi hot ng hn to thnh pin in ho v kim loi hot ng ho. GV ?: Tnh khoa hc ca phng php in ho hn s b n mn, kim loi kia c bo v. Th d: Bo v v tu bin lm bng thp bng cch l g? gn vo mt ngoi ca v tu (phn chm di nc) nhng khi Zn, kt qu l Zn b nc bin n mn thay cho thp. V. CNG C 1. Trong hai trng hp sau y, trng hp no v tu c bo v ? Gii thch. - V tu thp c ni vi thanh km. - V tu thp c ni vi thanh ng. 2. Cho l st vo a) dung dch H2SO4 long. b) dung dch H2SO4 long c thm vi git dung dch CuSO4. Nu hin tng xy ra, gii thch v vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong mi trng hp. 3. Mt dy phi qun o mt mt on dy ng ni vi mt on dy thp. Hin tng no sau y xy ra ch ni 2 on dy khi lu ngy ? A. St b n mn. B. ng b n mn C. St v ng u b n mn. D. St v ng u khng b n mn. 4. S n mn kim loi khng phi l A. s kh kim loi B. s oxi ho kim loi. C. s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng. D. s bin n cht kim loi thnh hp cht. 5. inh st b n mn nhanh nht trong trng hp no sau y ? A. Ngm trong dung dch HCl. B. Ngm trong dung dch HgSO4. C. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long. D. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long c thm vi git dung dch CuSO4. 6. St ty l st trng thic. Nu lp thic b xc su ti lp st th kim loi b n mn trc l

55

GIO N 12 C BN

A. thic n mn.

B. st

C. c hai u b n mn nh nhau.

D. khng kim loi b

VI. DN D 1. Bi tp v nh: 36 trang 95 (SGK). 2. Xem li tt c cc kin thc v phn ho hu c hc

Tit
Ngy son:............/............ Tit 33: iu ch kim loi I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - HS hiu: Nguyn tc chung ca vic iu ch kim loi. - HS bit: Cc phng php iu ch kim loi. 2. K nng: Rn luyn t duy: Tnh kh khc nhau ca cc kim loi v bit cch chn phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Ho cht: dung dch CuSO4, inh st. - Dng c: ng nghim thng, ng nghim hnh ch U, li than ly t pin hng dng lm in cc, dy in, pin hoc bnh cquy. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I NGUYN TC IU CH KIM LOI Kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t. GV t h thng cu hi: - Trong t nhin, ngoi vng v platin c trng thi Mn+ + ne M t do, hu ht cc kim loi cn li u tn ti trng thi no ? - Mun iu ch kim loi ta phi lm g ? - Nguyn tc chung ca vic iu ch kim loi l g ? II PHNG PHP Hot ng 2 1. Phng php nhit luyn GV gii thiu phng php nhit luyn. Nguyn tc: Kh ion kim loi trong hp cht nhit GV yu cu HS vit PTHH iu ch Cu v Fe bng cao bng cc cht kh nh C, CO, H2 hoc cc kim loi hot ng. phng php nhit luyn sau: Phm vi p dng: Sn xut cc kim loi c tnh kht CuO + H2 trung bnh (Zn, FE, Sn, Pb,) trong cng nghip. Fe2O3 + CO Th d: Fe2O3 + Al

37

PbO + H 2 Fe3O4 + 4CO

t0

Pb +H2O 3Fe +4CO2

t0

56

GIO N 12 C BN

Fe2O3 + 2Al 2Fe +Al2O3 2. Phng php thu luyn Hot ng 3 Nguyn tc: Dng nhng dung dch thch hp nh: GV gii thiu phng php thu luyn. H2SO4, NaOH, NaCN, ho tan kim loi hoc cc hp GV biu din th nghim Fe + dd CuSO4 v yu cu cht ca kim loi v tch ra khi phn khng tan c trong qung. Sau kh nhng ion kim loi ny trong dung dch HS vit PTHH ca phn ng. bng nhng kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh Fe, Zn, HS tm thm mt s th d khc v phng php Th d: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu dng kim loi kh ion kim loi yu hn. Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu Phm vi p dng: Thng s dng iu ch cc kim loi c tnh kh yu. 3. Phng php in phn a) in phn hp cht nng chy Nguyn tc: Kh cc ion kim loi bng dng in bng Hot ng 4: cch in phn nng chy hp cht ca kim loi. GV ?: Phm vi p dng: iu ch cc kim loi hot ng ho - Nhng kim loi c hot ng ho hc nh th no hc mnh nh K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al. phi iu ch bng phng php in phn nng Th d 1: in phn Al2O3 nng chy iu ch Al. chy ? Chng ng v tr no trong dy hot ng K (-) Al2O3 A (+ ) ho hc ca kim loi ? Al 3+ O2 HS nghin cu SGK v vit PTHH ca phn ng Al3+ +3e Al 2O2O2 +4e xy ra cc in cc v PTHH chung ca s in phn pnc 2Al2O3 4Al +3O2 khi in phn nng chy Al2O3, MgCl2. Th d 2: in phn MgCl2 nng chy iu ch Mg. K (-) MgCl2 A (+ ) 2+ Mg Cl 2+ Mg +2e Mg 2Cl Cl2 +2e

t0

MgCl2 Mg +Cl2 Hot ng 5: b) in phn dung dch GV ?: Nguyn tc: in phn dung dch mui ca kim loi. - Nhng kim loi c hot ng ho hc nh th no Phm vi p dng: iu ch cc kim loi c hot phi iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch ? ng ho hc trung bnh hoc yu. Chng ng v tr no trong dy hot ng ho hc Th d: in phn dung dch CuCl2 iu ch kim loi ca kim loi ? Cu. K (-) CuCl2 A (+ ) HS nghin cu SGK v vit PTHH ca phn ng 2+ xy ra cc in cc v PTHH chung ca s in phn Cu , H2O (H2O) Cl , H2O khi in phn dung dch CuCl2. 2+ Cu +2e Cu 2ClCl2 +2e CuCl2 Cu +Cl2 c) Tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc
Hot ng 6 A It Da vo cng thc Faray: m = , trong : GV gii thiu cng thc Faray dng tnh lng n F cht thu c cc in cc v gii thch cc k hiu m: Khi lng cht thu c in cc (g). c trong cng thc. A: Khi lng mol nguyn t ca cht thu c in cc. n: S electron m nguyn t hoc ion cho hoc nhn. I: Cng dng in (ampe) t: Thi gian in phn (giy) F: Hng s Faray (F = 96.500). V. CNG C: 1. Trnh by cch - iu ch Ca t CaCO3 - iu ch Cu t CuSO4 2. T Cu(OH)2, MgO, Fe2O3 hy iu ch cc kim loi tng ng bng mt phng php thch hp. Vit PTHH ca phn ng. VI. DN D: 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 5 trang 98 SGK.
pdd

pnc

57

GIO N 12 C BN

2. Xem trc phn tip bi IU CH KIM LOI

Ngy son:............/............ Tit 34: luyn tp iu ch kim loi I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v nguyn tc iu ch kim loi v cc phng php iu ch kim loi. 2. K nng: K nng tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch theo cc phng php hoc cc i lng c lin quan. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Bng nhng phng php no c th iu ch c Ag t dung dch AgNO3, iu ch Mg t dung dch MgCl2 ? Vit Hot ng 1 cc phng trnh ho hc. Gii HS nhc li cc phng php iu ch kim loi 1. T dung dch AgNO3 iu ch Ag. C 3 cch: v phm vi p dng ca mi phng php. GV ?: Kim loi Ag, Mg hot ng ho hc mnh Dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion Ag+. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag hay yu ? Ta c th s dng phng php no iu ch kim loi Ag t dung dch AgNO3, kim loi in phn dung dch AgNO3: pdd Mg t dung dch MgCl2 ? 4AgNO + 2HO 4Ag +O2 +4HNO3 3 2 HS vn dng cc kin thc c lin quan gii C cn dung dch ri nhit phn AgNO3: quyt bi ton. t0 2AgNO 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2 3 2. T dung dch MgCl2 iu ch Mg: ch c 1 cch l c cn dung dch ri in phn nng chy:

Hot ng 2 HS - Vit PTHH ca phn ng. - Xc nh khi lng AgNO3 c trong 250g dung dch v s mol AgNO3 phn ng. 20 5 .4 =1 (g 0 ) Khi lng AgNO3 c trong 250g dd: GV pht vn dn dt HS tnh c khi lng 10 0 ca vt sau phn ng theo cng thc: S mol AgNO3 tham gia phn ng l: mvt sau phn ng = mCu(b) mCu(phn ng) + mAg(bm vo) 10.17
100.170 = 0,01(m ol)

MgCl2 Mg + Cl2 Bi 2: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 10g trong 250g dung dch AgNO3 4%. Khi ly vt ra th khi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 17%. a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng v cho bit vai tr ca cc cht tham gia phn ng. b) Xc nh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng. Gii a) PTHH Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag b) Xc nh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng

pnc

Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag mol: 0,005 0,01 0,01 Khi lng vt sau phn ng l: 10 + (108.0,01) (64.0,005+ = 10,76 (g) Bi 3: kh hon ton 23,2g mt oxit kim loi, cn dng 8,96 lt H2 (kc). Kim loi l A. Mg B. Cu C. Fe D. Cr

58

GIO N 12 C BN

Hot ng 3 GV hng dn HS gii quyt bi tp.

Gii MxOy + yH2 xM + yH2O nH2 = 0,4 nO(oxit) = nH2 = 0,4 mkl trong oxit = 23,2 0,4.16 = 16,8 (g) x:y=
16,8 M

: 0,4. Thay gi tr nguyn t khi ca cc kim

loi vo biu thc trn ta tm c gi tr M bng 56 l ph hp vi t l x : y. Hot ng 4 Bi 4: Cho 9,6g bt kim loi M vo 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M, khi phn ng kt thc thu c 5,376 lt H2 (kc). Kim GV ?: loi M l: - Trong s 4 kim loi cho, kim loi no phn ng c vi dung dch HCl ? Ho tr ca kim loi A. Mg B. Ca C. Fe D. trong mui clorua thu c c im g ging nhau ? Ba - Sau phn ng gia kim loi vi dd HCl th kim Gii loi ht hay khng ? nH2 = 5,376/22,4 = 0,24 (mol) HS gii quyt bi ton trn c s hng dn ca nHCl = 0,5.1 = 0,5 (mol) GV. M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2 0,24 0,48 0,24 nHCl(p) = 0,48 < nHCl(b) = 0,5 Kim loi ht, HCl d M=
9,6 0,24 = 40 M l Ca

Hot ng 5 HS lp 1 phng trnh lin h gia ho tr ca kim loi v khi lng mol ca kim loi. GV theo di, gip HS gii quyt bi ton.

Bi 5: in phn nng chy mui clorua kim loi M. catot thu c 6g kim loi v anot thu c 3,36 lt kh (kc) thot ra. Mui clorua l A. NaCl B. KCl C. BaCl2 D. CaCl2 Gii nCl2 = 0,15 2MCln 2M + nCl2
0,3 n

0,15

6 M = 0,3 = 20n n = 2 & M = 40 M l Ca n

V. CNG C: 1. Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gm CuO, Al2O3 v MgO (un nng). Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn gm: A. Cu, Al, Mg B. Cu, Al, MgO C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg D. Cu, Al2O3, MgO 2. Ho tan hon ton 28g Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 d th khi lng cht rn thu c l: A. 108g B. 162g C. 216g D. 154g

Ngy son:............/............ Tit 35:luyn tp tnh cht ca kim loi I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: H thng ho v kin thc ca kim loi qua mt s bi tp l thuyt v tnh ton. 2. K nng: Gii c cc bi tp lin quan n tnh cht ca kim loi. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:

59

GIO N 12 C BN

1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Trong tit luyn tp. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR Hot ng 1 HS vn dng tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi gii quyt bi tp. Vn dng phng php tng gim khi lng (nhanh nht). Fe + CuCl2 FeCl2 + Cu 56g 1mol 64g tng 8g 0,1 mol tng 0,8g. Bi ny ch cn cn bng s tng quan gia kim loi R v NO 3R 2NO 0,075 0,05 R = 4,8/0,075 = 64 Tng t bi 3, cn bng s tng quan gia Cu v NO2 Cu 2NO2 Fe v FeS tc dng vi HCl u cho cng mt s mol kh nn th tch kh thu c xem nh ch do mt mnh lng Fe ban u phn ng. Fe H2 nH2 = nFe = 16,8/56 = 0,3 V = 6,72 lt nhh oxit = nH2 = nhh kim loi = 0,1 (mol) Khi hn hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl th: nH2 = nhh kim loi = 0,1 (mol) V = 2,24 lt

NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Dy cc kim loi u phn ng vi H2O nhit thng l: A. Fe, Zn, Li, Sn B. Cu, Pb, Rb, Ag C. K, Na, Ca, Ba D. Al, Hg, Cs, Sr Bi 2: Ngm mt inh st trong 100 ml dung dch CuCl2 1M, gi s Cu to ra bm ht vo inh st. Sau khi phn ng xong, ly inh st ra, sy kh, khi lng inh st tng thm A. 15,5g B. 0,8g C. 2,7g D. 2,4g Bi 3: Cho 4,8g kim loi R ho tr II tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,12 lt NO duy nht (kc). Kim loi R l: A. Zn B. Mg C. Fe D. Cu Bi 4: Cho 3,2g Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, d th th tch kh NO2 thu c (kc) l A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt Bi 5: Nung nng 16,8g Fe vi 6,4g bt S (khng c khng kh) thu c sn phm X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th c V lt kh thot ra (kc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr V l A. 2,24 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 6,72 lt D. 3,36 lt Bi 6: kh hon ton hn hp gm FeO v ZnO thnh kim loi cn 2,24 lt H2 (kc). Nu em ht hn hp thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl th th tch kh H2 thu c (kc) l A. 4,48 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 2,24 lt Bi 7: Cho 6,72 lt H2 (kc) i qua ng s ng 32g CuO un nng thu c cht rn A. Th tch dung dch HCl tc dng ht vi A l A. 0,2 lt B. 0,1 lt C. 0,3 lt D. 0,01 lt Bi 8: Cho mt l st nh vo dung dch cha mt trong nhng mui sau: CuSO4, AlCl3, Pb(NO3)2, ZnCl2, KNO3, AgNO3. Vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra (nu c). Cho bit vai tr ca cc cht tham gia phn ng. Gii Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu Fe + Pb(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Pb Fe + Pb2+ Fe2+ + Pb Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag Nu AgNO3 d th: Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 +

Tnh s mol CuO to thnh nHCl = nCuO kt qu Hot ng 2

HS vn dng quy lut phn ng gia kim loi v dung dch mui bit trng hp no xy ra phn ng v vit PTHH ca phn ng. GV lu n phn ng ca Fe vi dung dch AgNO3, trong trng hp AgNO3 th tip tc xy ra phn ng gia dung dch mui Fe2+ v dung dch mui Ag+.

60

GIO N 12 C BN

Ag Fe + Ag Fe3+ + Ag Bi 9: Ho tan hon ton 1,5g hn hp bt Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H2 (kc). Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. Gii Cch lm nhanh nht l vn dng phng php Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca Al v Mg. bo ton electron.
2+ +

2 7+a2 4 =b1 , 5 a= 1 / 3 0 1 ,6 8 + = 2 3 a 2 b 2 2 ,. 4= 0 , 1 5 b = 0 , 0 2 5
%Al =
27 /30 1,5 .1 =60 00 %

%Mg = 40%

V. CNG C 1. t chy ht 1,08g mt kim loi ho tr III trong kh Cl2 thu c 5,34g mui clorua ca kim loi . Xc nh kim loi. 2. Khi lng thanh Zn thay i nh th no sau khi ngm mt thi gian trong cc dung dch: a) CuCl2 b) Pb(NO3)2 c) AgNO3 d) NiSO4 3. Cho 8,85g hn hp Mg, Cu v Zn vo lng d dung dch HCl thu c 3,36 lt H2 (kc). Phn cht rn khng tan trong axit c ra sch ri t trong kh O2 thu c 4g cht bt mu en. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. VI. DN DO Xem trc bi luyn tp s n mn kim loi

Ngy son:............/............ Tit 36: Luyn tp s n mn kim loi

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v bn cht ca s n mn kim loi, cc kiu n mn kim loi v chng n mn. 2. K nng: K nng tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch theo cc phng php hoc cc i lng c lin quan. 3. Thi : Nhn thc c tc hi nghim trng ca s n mn kim loi, nht l nc ta vo vng nhit i gi ma, nng nhiu v m cao. T , c thc v hnh ng c th bo v kim loi, tuyn truyn v vn ng mi ngi cng thc hin nhim v ny. II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 Bi 1: S n mn kim loi khng phi l HS vn dng kin thc v l thuyt n mn kim loi A. s kh kim loi. chn p n ng. B. s oxi ho kim loi C. s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng. D. s bin n cht kim loi thnh hp cht. Bi 2: inh st b n mn nhanh nht trong trng hp no Hot ng 2 sau y ? A. Ngm trong dung dch HCl. HS xc nh trong mi trng hp, trng hp

61

GIO N 12 C BN

no l n mn ho hc, trng hp no l n mn in ho. GV yu cu HS cho bit c ch ca qu trnh n mn in ho p n D. Hot ng 3 HS so snh hot ng ho hc ca 2 kim loi bit c kh nng n mn ca 2 kim loi Fe v Sn. Hot ng 3: HS vn dng kin thc v n mn kim loi v lin h n kin thc ca cuc sng ch p n ng nht.

Hot ng 4 GV ?: Trong s cc ho cht cho, ho cht no c kh nng n mn kim loi ? HS chn p n ng v gii thch.

B. Ngm trong dung dch HgSO4. C. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long. D. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long c nh thm vi git dung dch CuSO4. Bi 3: St ty l st trng thic. Nu lp thic b xc su ti lp st th kim loi b n mn trc l: A. thic B. st C. c hai b n mn nh nhau D. khng kim loi b n mn Bi 4: Sau mt ngy lao ng, ngi ta phi lm v sinh b mt kim loi ca cc thit b my mc, dng c lao ng. Vic lm ny c mc ch chnh l g ? A. kim loi sng bng p mt. B. khng gy nhim mi trng. C. khng lm bn qun o khi lao ng. D. kim loi b n mn. Bi 5: Mt s ho cht c trn ngn t c khung lm bng kim loi. Sau mt thi gian, ngi ta thy khung kim loi b g. Ho cht no sau y c kh nng gy ra hin tng trn ? A. Etanol B. Dy nhm C. Du ho D. Axit clohiric

Bi 6: S ph hu kim loi hay hp kim do kim loi tc dng trc tip vi cc cht oxi ho trong mi trng c gi l A. s kh kim loi. B. s tc dng ca kim loi vi nc. C. s n mn ho hc. D. s n mn in ho hc. Bi 7: Khi iu ch H2 t Zn v dung dch H2SO4 long, nu thm mt vi git dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch axit th thy kh H2 thot ra nhanh hn hn. Hy gii thch hin tng trn. Hot ng 6 Gii GV ?: Ban u xy ra qu trnh n mn ho hc Ban u Zn tip xc trc tip vi dung dch H2SO4 long hay n mn in ho ? V sao tc thot kh ra li v b n mn ho hc. b chm li ? Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 Kh H2 sinh ra bm vo b mt l Zn , ngn cn s tip xc Khi thm vo vi git dung dch CuSO4 th c phn ng ho hc no xy ra ? V khi xy ra qu gia Zn v H2SO4 nn phn ng xy ra chm. trnh n mn loi no ? Khi thm vo vi git dung dch CuSO4, c phn ng: Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu Cu to thnh bm vo Fe to thnh cp in cc v Fe b n mn in ho. - cc m (Fe): Km b oxi ho. Zn 2e Zn2+ - cc dng (Cu): Cc ion H+ ca dung dch H2SO4 long b kh thnh kh H2. 2H+ + 2e H2 H2 thot ra cc ng, nn Zn b n mn nhanh hn, phn ng xy ra mnh hn. Bi 8: Ngm 9g hp kim Cu Zn trong dung dch HCl d thu Hot ng 7 c 896 ml H2 (kc). Xc nh % khi lng ca hp kim. Gii GV ?: Khi ngm hp kim Cu Zn trong dung Ngm hp kim Cu Zn trong dung dch HCl d, ch c Zn dch HCl th kim loi no b n mn ? phn ng. HS da vo lng kh H2 thu c, tnh lng Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Zn c trong hp kim v t xc nh % khi 0,986 lng ca hp kim. = 0,04 nZn = nH2 = 22,4 Hot ng 5 HS vn dng nh ngha v s n mn ho hc v n mn in ho chn p n ng.

62

GIO N 12 C BN

%Zn =

0,04.65 9

.100 = 28,89% %Cu = 71,11%

V. CNG C: 1. C nhng cp kim loi sau y cng tip xc vi dung dch cht in li: a) Al Fe; b) Cu Fe; c) Fe Sn. Cho bit kim loi no trong mi cp b n mn in ho hc. A. Cu, Al, Mg B. Cu, Al, MgO C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg D. Cu, Al2O3, MgO 2. V sao khi ni mt si dy in bng ng vi mt si dy in bng nhm th ch ni tr nn mau km tip xc. VI. DN D: Xem trc bi thc hnh IU CH KIM LOI

Ngy son:............/............ Tit 37 : thc hnh tnh cht, iu ch v s n mn kim loi I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v: dy in ho ca kim loi, iu ch kim loi, s n mn kim loi. Tin hnh mt s th nghim: - So snh phn ng ca Al, Fe, Cu vi ion H+ trong dung dch HCl (dy in ho ca kim loi). - Fe phn ng vi Cu 2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 (iu ch kim loi bng cch dng kim loi mnh kh kim loi yu trong dung dch). - Zn phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4, dung dch H2SO4 thm CuSO4 (s n mn in ho hc). 2. K nng: - Tip tc rn luyn cc k nng thc hnh ho hc: lm vic vi dng c th nghim, ho cht, quan st hin tng. - Vn dng gii thch cc vn lin quan n dy in ho ca kim loi, v s n mn kim loi, chng n mn kim loi. 3. Thi : Cn thn trong cc th nghim ho hc. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, gi ng nghim, n cn, ko, da hoc giy gip. 2. Ho cht: Kim loi: Na, Mg, Fe (inh st nh hoc dy st); Dung dch: HCl. H2SO4, CuSO4 III. PHNG PHP: HS tin hnh lm cc th nghim di s hng dn ca GV. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. Nhc nh ni quy PTN, nhng lu trc khi tin hnh cc th nghim ho hc. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: Cng vic u bui thc hnh - GV nu mc tiu, yu cu tit thc hnh v mt s im cn lu trong bui thc hnh. - GV c th lm mu mt s th nghim. Hot ng 2: Th nghim 1: Dy in ho ca kim loi - HS tin hnh cc th nghim nh yu cu ca SGK Hot ng 3: Th nghim 2: iu ch kim loi bng cch dng kim - HS tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. loi mnh kh ion kim loi trong dung dch. - Lu l nh tht sch g st phn ng xy ra nhanh v r hn. Hot ng 4: Th nghim 3: n mn in ho - HS tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. - GV hng dn HS quan st hin tng. Hot ng 5: Cng vic cui bui thc hnh. - GV nhn xt, nh gi bui thc hnh. - HS thu dn dng c, ho cht, v sinh PTN, lp hc, vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu. V. CNG C: Trong tit thc hnh.

63

GIO N 12 C BN

VI. DN D: Hc sinh v nh n tp li v h thng kin thc v ho hu c cho tit n hc k I theo bng sau:

ESTE LIPIT Este Khi nim Tnh cht ho hc Glucoz CTPT CTCT thu gn Tnh cht ho hc AMIN AMINO AXIT PROTEIN Amin Amino axit Khi nim CTPT Tnh cht ho hc POLIME V VT LIU POLIME Polime Khi nim Tnh cht ho hc iu ch Vt liu polime Peptit v protein CACBOHIRAT Saccaroz Tinh bt Xenluloz Lipit

Ngy son:............/............
Tit 38: n tp hc k i

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: n tp, cng c, h thng ho kin thc cc chng ho hc hu c (Este lipit; Cacbohirat; Amin, amino axit v protein; Polime v vt liu polime).

64

GIO N 12 C BN

HS bit: 2. K nng: - Pht trin k nng da vo cu to ca cht suy ra tnh cht v ng dng ca cht. - Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp trc nghim v bi tp t lun thuc cc chng ho hc hu c lp 12. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Yu cu HS lp bng tng kt kin thc ca cc chng ho hc hu c trc khi ln lp n tp phn ho hc hu c. - GV lp bng tng kt kin thc ca cc chng vo giy kh ln hoc bng ph. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng ESTE LIPIT theo bng sau: Este Lipit Khi thay th nhm OH nhm cacboxyl - Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR th t bo sng, khng ho tan trong nc, c este. tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c khng Khi nim Cng thc chung: RCOOR phn cc. Lipit l cc este phc tp. - Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo (axit bo l axit n chc c mch cacbon di, khng phn nhnh). Phn ng thu phn, xt axit. Phn ng thu phn Tnh cht ho Phn ng gc hirocacbon khng no: Phn ng x phng ho. hc - Phn ng cng. Phn ng cng H2 ca cht bo lng. - Phn ng trng hp. Hot ng 2: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng CACBOHIRAT theo bng sau: Glucoz Saccaroz Tinh bt Xenluloz CTPT C6H12O6 C12H22O11 (C6H10O5)n (C6H10O5)n CH2OH[CHOH]4C C6H11O5-O[C6H7O2(OH)3]n HO C6H11O5 CTCT thu gn Glucoz l (saccaroz l (monoanehit v poliancol, khng poliancol) c nhm CHO) - C phn ng ca - C phn ng - C phn ng - C phn ng ca chc anehit (phn thu phn nh xt thu phn nh xt chc poliancol. + + ng trng bc) H hay enzim H hay enzim. - C phn ng vi - C phn ng ca - C phn ng ca - C phn ng vi axit HNO3 c to chc poliancol chc poliancol iot to hp cht ra Tnh cht ho hc (phn ng vi mu xanh tm. xenluloztrinitrat Cu(OH)2 cho hp - C phn ng cht tan mu xanh thu phn nh xt lam. H+ hay enzim Hot ng 3: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng AMIN AMINO AXIT - PROTEIN theo bng sau: Amin Amino axit Peptit v protein

65

GIO N 12 C BN

Khi nim

CTPT

Amin l hp cht hu c c th coi nh c to nn khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t H trong phn t NH3 bng gc hirocacbon. CH3NH2; CH3-NH-CH3 (CH3)3N, C6H5NH2 (anilin)

Amino axit l hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhm amino (NH2) v nhm cacboxyl (COOH) H2N-CH2-COOH (Glyxin) CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH (alanin)

Tnh cht lng tnh H2N-R-COOH + HCl ClH3N-R-COOH Tnh cht ho H2N-R-COOH + NaOH hc H2N-R-COONa + H2O Phn ng ho este. Phn ng trng ngng Hot ng 3: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng AMIN POLIME V VT LIU POLIME theo bng sau: Polime Vt liu polime Polime hay hp cht cao phn t l nhng A. Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c hp cht c PTK ln do nhiu n chc tnh do. Khi nim v c s gi l mt xch lin kt vi nhau Mt s polime dng lm cht do: to nn. 1. PE 2. PVC 3. Poli(metyl metacrylat) Tnh cht ho C phn ng phn ct mch, gi nguyn 4. Poli(phenol-fomanehit) hc mch v pht trin mch. B. T l nhng polime hnh si di v - Phn ng trng hp: Trng hp l qu mnh vi bn nht nh. trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) ging nhau hay tng t nhau 1. T nilon-6,6 2. T nitron (olon) thnh phn t ln (polime). C. Cao su l loi vt liu polime c tnh - Phn ng trng ngng: Trng ngng l n hi. qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh iu ch 1. Cao su thin nhin. (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) 2. Cao su tng hp. ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nh D. Keo dn l loi vt liu c khi nim khc (nh nc). kt dnh hai mnh vt liu rn khc nhau. 1. Nha v sm 2. Keo dn epxi 3. Keo dn ure-fomanehit. V. CNG C: Trong tit n tp. VI. DN D: TIT SAU THI HC K.

Tnh baz CH3NH2 + H2O [CH3NH3]+ + OHRNH2 + HCl RNH3Cl

Peptit l hp cht cha t 2 50 gc -amino axit lin kt vi nhau bng cc lin ket peptitC N O H Protein l loi polipeptit cao phn t c PTK t vi chc nghn n vi triu. Phn ng thu phn. Phn ng m biure u

66

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son:............/............ CHNG 6: KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH, NHM

Ti t 41

KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM(Tit 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit. - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim. - Nguyn tc v phng php iu ch mt s kim loi kim. HS hiu: Nguyn nhn ca tnh kh rt mnh ca kim loi kim. 2. K nng: - Lm mt s th nghim n gin v kim loi kim. - Gii bi tp v kim loi kim. 3. Thi : Cn thn trong cc th nghim ho hc. II. CHUN B: 1. Bng tun hon, bng ph ghi mt s tnh cht vt l ca kim loi kim. 2. Dng c, ho cht: Na kim loi, bnh kh O2 v bnh kh Cl2, nc, dao. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 A. KIM LOI KIM - GV dng bng HTTH v yu cu HS t tm hiu v I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH tr ca nhm IA v cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc ELECTRON NGUYN T nguyn t nhm IA - Thuc nhm IA ca bng tun hon, gm cc nguyn t: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs v Fr (nguyn t phng x). - Cu hnh electron nguyn t: Li: [He]2s1 Na: [Ne]3s1 K: [Ar]4s1

67

GIO N 12 C BN

Rb: [Kr]5s1 Cs: [Xe]6s1 Hot ng 2 II TNH CHT VT L - GV dng dao ct mt mu nh kim loi Na. - Mu trng bc v c nh kim, dn in tt, nhit nng - HS quan st b mt ca kim loi Na sau khi ct v chy v nhit si thp, khi lng ring nh, cng nhn xt v tnh cng ca kim loi Na. thp. - GV gii thch cc nguyn nhn gy nn nhng tnh - Nguyn nhn: Kim loi kim c cu trc mng tinh th cht vt l chung ca cc kim loi kim. lp phng tm khi, cu trc tng i rng. Mt khc, - HS da vo bng ph bit thm quy lut bin i trong tinh th cc nguyn t v ion lin kt vi nhau bng tnh cht vt l ca kim loi kim. lin kt kim loi yu. III TNH CHT HO HC Hot ng 3 Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c nng lng ion ho nh, v - GV ?: Trn c s cu hnh electron nguyn t v cu vy kim loi kim c tnh kh rt mnh. Tnh kh tng dn to mng tinh th ca kim loi kim, em hy d on t Li Cs. tnh cht ho hc chung ca cc kim loi kim. M M+ + 1e Trong cc hp cht, cc kim loi kim c s oxi ho +1. 1. Tc dng vi phi kim a. Tc dng vi oxi - GV biu din cc th nghim: Na + O2; K + Cl2; Na + 2Na + O2 Na2O2 (natri peoxit) HCl. 4Na + O2 2Na2O (natri oxit) - HS quan st hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH ca phn b. Tc dng vi clo ng. Nhn xt v mc phn ng ca cc kim loi 2K + Cl2 2KCl kim. 2. Tc dng vi axit 2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2 3. Tc dng vi nc 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 bo v kim loi kim ngi ta ngm kim loi kim trong du ho. IV NG DNG, TRNG THI THIN NHIN V IU CH Hot ng 4 1. ng dng: HS nghin cu SGK bit c cc ng dng quan - Dng ch to hp kim c nhit ngoi cng thp. trng ca kim loi kim. Th d: Hp kim Na-K nng chy nhit 700C dng lm cht trao i nhit trong cc l phn ng ht nhn. - Hp kim Li Al siu nh, c dng trong k thut hng khng. - Cs c dng lm t bo quang in. 2. Trng thi thin nhin HS nghin cu SGK. Tn ti dng hp cht: NaCl (nc bin), mt s hp cht ca kim loi kim dng silicat v aluminat c trong t. - GV ? Em hy cho bit iu ch kim loi kim ta 3. iu ch: Kh ion ca kim loi kim trong hp cht c th s dng phng php no ? bng cch in phn nng chy hp cht ca chng. - GV dng tranh v hng dn HS nghin cu s Th d: pnc thit b in phn NaCl nng chy trong cng nghip. 2NaCl 2Na +Cl2 V. CNG C: 1. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kim loi kim l A. ns1 B. ns2 C. ns2np1 D. (n 1)dxnsy + 2 2. Cation M c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s 2p6. M+ l cation no sau y ? A. Ag+ B. Cu+ C. Na+ D. K+ 3. Nng % ca dung dch to thnh khi ho tan 39g kali kim loi vo 362g nc l kt qu no sau y ? A. 15,47% B. 13,97% C. 14% D. 14,04% VI. DN D: 1. BTVN: 1 4 trang 111 (SGK) 2. Xem trc phn HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM

68

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 42

KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM(Tit 2)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit c tnh cht v ng dng mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim. 2. K nng: - Lm mt s th nghim n gin v hp cht ca kim loi kim. - Gii bi tp v hp cht ca kim loi kim. 3. Thi : Cn thn trong cc th nghim ho hc. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, kp g, ng ht. 2. Ho cht: NaOH dng vin, III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC B. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM Hot ng 1 LOI KIM I NATRI HIROXIT 1. Tnh cht a. Tnh cht vt l: - Cht rn, khng mu, d nng chy (tnc = 3220C), ht m GV cho HS quan st mt mu NaOH di dng mnh (d chy ra), tan nhiu trong nc. vin v nghin cu tnh tan, tnh ht m ca n. - Khi tan trong nc, NaOH phn li hon ton thnh ion: NaOH Na+ + OH b. Tnh cht ho hc HS vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca cc Tc dng vi axit HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O phn ng minh ho cho tnh cht ca NaOH H+ + OH H2O Tc dng vi oxit axit NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3 (nNaOH : nCO2 1) GV: Gii thch cc trng hp xy ra phn ng cho 2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 (nNaOH : nCO2 2) mui axt, trung ho hoc c hai. Tc dng vi dung dch mui CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Cu2+ + 2OH Cu(OH)2 2. ng dng: Nu x phng, ch phm nhum, t nhn HS nghin cu SKG bit nhng ng dng quan to, tinh ch qung nhm trong cng nghip luyn nhm v trng ca NaOH. dng trong cng nghip ch bin du m. Hot ng 2 II NATRI HIROCACBONAT 1. Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, mu trng, t tan trong nc. HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht vt l ca NaHCO3.

69

GIO N 12 C BN

2. Tnh cht ho hc HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht ho hc a. Phn ng phn hu t0 ca NaHCO3. 2NaHCO Na2CO3 +CO2 +H2O 3 b. NaHCO3 l hp cht lng tnh NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O GV ?: V sao c th ni NaHCO3 l hp cht lng NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O tnh ? 2. ng dng: Dng trong cng nghip dc phm (ch HS nghin cu SKG bit nhng ng dng quan thuc au d dy,) v cng nghip thc phm (lm bt trng ca NaHCO3. n,) III NATRI CACBONAT 1. Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn mu trng, tan nhiu trong HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht vt l nc. nhit thng tn ti di dng mui ngm ca Na2CO3. nc Na2CO3.10H2O, nhit cao mui ny mt dn nc tr thnh Na2CO3 khan, nng chy 8500C. 2. Tnh cht ho hc HS dn ra nhng phn ng ho hc minh ho cho Phn ng vi axit, kim, mui tnh cht ca Na2CO3. Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl GV gii thiu cho HS bit mi trng ca mui Na2CO3 Mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim trong dung dch nc cho mi trng kim. 3. ng dng: L ho cht quan trng trong cng nghip HS nghin cu SKG bit nhng ng dng quan thu tinh, bt git, phm nhum, giy, si, trng ca Na2CO3. IV KALI NITRAT Hot ng 3 1. Tnh cht vt l: L nhng tinh th khng mu, bn trong khng kh, tan nhiu trong nc. HS nghin cu SGK bit nhng tnh cht vt l ca KNO3. GV ?: Em c nhn xt g v sn phm ca phn ng 2. Tnh cht ho hc: B phn hu nhit cao t0 phn hu KNO3 ? 2KNO3 2KNO2 +O2 3. ng dng: Dng lm phn bn (phn m, phn kali) ng dng thuc n ca KNO3 da trn tnh cht no v ch to thuc n. Thuc n thng thng (thuc sng) l hn hp 68%KNO3, 15%S v 17%C (than) ca mui KNO3? Phn ng chy ca thuc sng:

2KNO3 + 3C + S

t0

N2 +3CO2 +K 2S

V. CNG C: 1. Trong cc mui sau, mui no d b nhit phn ? A. LiCl B. NaNO3 C. KHCO3 D. KBr 2. Cho 100g CaCO3 tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl thu c mt lng kh CO2. Sc kh CO2 thu c vo dung dch cha 60g NaOH. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. 3. Nung 100g hn hp Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng ca hn hp khng thay i, c 69g cht rn. Xc nh % khi lng ca mi cht rn trong hn hp u. VI. DN D: 1. BTVN: 5 8 trang 111 (SGK) 2. Xem trc phn KIM LOI KIM TH

70

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 43

KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH(Tit 1)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim th. - Nguyn tc v phng php iu ch kim loi kim th. 2. K nng: - T cu to suy ra tnh cht, t tnh cht suy ra ng dng v iu ch. - Gii bi tp v kim loi kim th.. 3. Thi : Cn thn trong cc th nghim ho hc. II. CHUN B: Bng tun hon, bng hng s vt l ca mt s kim loi kim th. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t 4Be, 12Mg, 20Ca. Nhn xt v s electron lp ngoi cng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC A. KIM LOI KIM TH Hot ng 1 I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH GV dng bng tun hon v cho HS tm v tr nhm ELECTRON NGUYN T - Kim loi kim th thuc nhm IIA ca bng tun hon, IIA. HS vit cu hnh electron ca cc kim loi Be, Mg, gm cc nguyn t beri (Be), magie (Mg), canxi (Ca), stronti (Sr), bari (Ba) v Ra (Ra). Ca, v nhn xt v s electron lp ngoi cng. - Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2 (n l s th t ca lp). Be: [He]2s2; Mg: [Ne]2s2; Ca: [Ar]2s2; Sr: [Kr]2s2; Ba: [Xe]2s2 Hot ng 2 II TNH CHT VT L HS da nghin cu bng 6.2. Mt s hng s vt l - Mu trng bc, c th dt mng. quan trng v kiu mng tinh th ca kim loi kim th - Nhit nng chy v nhit si ca cc kim loi kim th tuy c cao hn cc kim loi kim nhng vn tng i rt ra cc kt lun v tnh cht vt l ca kim loi thp. kim th nh bn. - Khi lng ring nh, nh hn nhm (tr Ba). cng GV ?: Theo em, v sao tnh cht vt l ca cc kim loi kim th li bin i khng theo mt quy lut nht cao hn cc kim loi kim nhng vn tng i mm. nh ging nh kim loi kim ? Hot ng 3 III TNH CHT HO HC GV ?: T cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc kim - Cc nguyn t kim loi kim th c nng lng ion ho tng i nh, v vy kim loi kim th c tnh kh mnh. loi kim th, em c d on g v tnh cht ho hc Tnh kh tng dn t Be n Ba. ca cc kim loi kim th ? M M2+ + 2e HS vit bn phn ng dng tng qut biu din tnh - Trong cc hp cht cc kim loi kim th c s oxi ho kh ca kim loi kim th. +2. 1. Tc dng vi phi kim

2Mg + O 2 2. Tc dng vi axit a) Vi HCl, H2SO4 long 2Mg + 2HCl b) Vi HNO3, H2SO4 c
GV yu cu HS ly cc th d minh ho v vit
0 + 5 + 2
0 + 1

2MgO
+ 2 0

+ -2 2

MgCl2 +H2
-3

4Mg + 10HNO 3(loang) 4Mg(NO3)2 +NH4NO3 +3H2O

71

GIO N 12 C BN

PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht ca kim loi nhm IIA.

4Mg + 5H 4(ac) 4MgSO4 +H2S +4H2O 2SO

3. Tc dng vi nc: nhit thng Be khng kh c nc, Mg kh chm. Cc kim loi cn li kh mnh nc gii phng kh H2. Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2 B. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA CANXI 1. Canxi hiroxit Ca(OH)2 cn gi l vi ti, l cht rn mu trng, t tan trong nc. Nc vi l dung dch Ca(OH)2. Hp th d dng kh CO2: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O nhn bit kh CO2 ng dng rng ri trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip: sn xut NH3, CaOCl2, vt liu xy dng, 2. Canxi cacbonat Cht rn mu trng, khng tan trong nc, b phn hu nhit cao.

+ 6

+ 2

-2

Hot ng 4 HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng tnh cht ca Ca(OH)2. GV gii thiu thm mt s tnh cht ca Ca(OH)2 m HS cha bit.

GV biu din th nghim sc kh CO2 t t n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2. HS quan st hin tng xy ra, gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng. GV hng dn HS da vo phn ng phn hu Ca(HCO3)2 gii thch cc hin tng trong t nhin nh cn trong nc un nc, thch nh trong cc hang ng,.. Hot ng 4 GV gii thiu v thch cao sng, thch cao nung. B sung nhng ng dng ca CaSO4 m HS cha bit.

CaCO CaO +CO2 3 B ho tan trong nc c ho tan kh CO2 CaCO + CO + HO Ca(HCO )2 3 2 2 3

t0

t0

3. Canxi sunfat Trong t nhin, CaSO4 tn ti di dng mui ngm nc CaSO4.2H2O gi l thch cao sng. Thch cao nung:

CaSO .2H2O CaSO4.H2O +H2O 4 tha h cao sog tha h cao nung c n c Thch cao khan l CaSO4 CaSO .2H2O 4 tha h cao sog c n
3500C

1600C

CaSO4 +2H2O tha h cao khan c

V. CNG C: 1. Xp cc kim loi kim th theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, th A. bn knh nguyn t gim dn. B. nng lng ion ho gim dn. C. tnh kh gim dn. D. kh nng tc dng vi nc gim dn. 2. Cho dung dch Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 s A. C kt ta trng. B. c bt kh thot ra. C. c kt ta trng v bt kh. D. khng c hin tng g. 3. Cho 2,84g hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 672 ml kh CO2 (kc). Phn trm khi lng ca 2 mui trong hn hp ln lt l A. 35,2% & 64,8% B. 70,4% & 26,9% C. 85,49% & 14,51% D.17,6% & 82,4% 4. Cho 2 g mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 5,55g mui clorua. Kim loi l kim loi no sau y ? A. Be B. Mg C. Ca D. Ba VI. DN D: 1. BTVN: 1 7 trang 119 (SGK). 2. Xem trc phn NC CNG.

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 44
I. MC TIU:

KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH(Tit 2)
72

GIO N 12 C BN

1. Kin thc: HS bit: Nc cng l g ? Nguyn tc v cc phng php lm mm nc cng. 2. K nng: Bit cch dng cc ho cht lm mm cc loi nc cng. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Trnh by hin tng xy ra khi cho t t kh CO2 sc vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 cho n d. Gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC C. NC CNG Hot ng 1 1. Khi nim: - Nc cha nhiu ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c gi l nc GV ? cng. - Nc c vai tr nh th no i vi i sng con - Nc cha t hoc khng cha cc ion Mg2+ v Ca2+ ngi v sn xut? c gi l nc mm. - Nc sinh hot hng ngy ly t u? L ngun nc g? Phn loi: GV: thng bo: Nc t nhin ly t sng sui, ao a) Tnh cng tm thi: Gy nn bi cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2. h. nc ngm l nc cng, vy nc cng l g ? Khi un si nc, cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2 b Nc mm l g? Ly v d. phn hu tnh cng b mt. GV ?: Em hy cho bit c s ca vic phn loi t0 tnh cng l g ? V sao gi l tnh cng tm thi ? Ca(HCO )2 CaCO3 +CO2 +H2O 3 Tnh cng vnh cu ? 0 t Mg(HCO )2 MgCO3 +CO2 +H2O 3 b) Tnh cng vnh cu: Gy nn bi cc mui sunfat, clorua ca canxi v magie. Khi un si, cc mui ny khng b phn hu. c) Tnh cng ton phn: Gm c tnh cng tm thi v tnh cng vnh cu. 2. Tc hi - un si nc cng lu ngy trong ni hi, ni s b ph mt lp cn. Lp cn dy 1mm lm tn thm 5% nhin Hot ng 2 liu, thm ch c th gy n. - Cc ng dn nc cng lu ngy c th b ng cn, lm GV ? Trong thc t em bit nhng tc hi no gim lu lng ca nc. ca nc cng ? - Qun o gi bng nc cng th x phng khng ra bt, HS: c SGK v tho lun. tn x phng v lm o qun mau chng h hng do nhng kt ta kh tan bm vo qun o. - Pha tr bng nc cng s lm gim hng v ca tr. Nu n bng nc cng s lm thc phm lu chn v gim mi v. Hot ng 3 3. Cch lm mm nc cng GVt vn : Nh chng ta bit nc cng c Nguyn tc: Lm gim nng cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+ 2+ 2+ cha cc ion Ca , Mg , vy theo cc em nguyn tc trong nc cng. lm mm nc cng l g? a) Phng php kt ta GV ?: Nc cng tm thi c cha nhng mui Tnh cng tm thi: no ? khi ung nng th c nhng phn ng ho hc - un si nc, cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2 b no xy ra ? phn hu to ra mui cacbonat khng tan. Lc b kt ta - C th dng nc vi trong va trung ho nc mm. mui axit tnh mui trung ho khng tan , lc b cht - Dng Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3 (hoc Na3PO4). khng tan c nc mm. Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3 GV ?: Khi cho dung dch Na2CO3, Na3PO4 vo nc cng tm thi hoc vnh cu th c hin tng g Tnh cng vnh cu: Dng Na2CO3 (hoc Na3PO4). xy ra ? Vit p di dng ion. CaSO4 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + Na2SO4 b) Phng php trao i ion GV t vn : Da trn kh nng c th trao i - Dng cc vt liu polime c kh nng trao i ion, gi ion ca mt s cht cao phn t t nhin hoc nhn chung l nha cationit. Khi i qua ct c cha cht trao to ngi ta c phng php trao i ion.

73

GIO N 12 C BN

GV ?: Phng php trao i ion c th lm mt nhng loi tnh cng no ?

i ion, cc ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c trong nc cng i vo cc l trng trong cu trc polime, th ch cho cc ion Na+ hoc H+ ca cationit i vo dung dch. - Cc zeolit l cc vt liu trao i ion v c cng c dng lm mm nc. 4. Nhn bit ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong dung dch 2 Hot ng 4 Thuc th: dung dch mui CO 3 v kh CO2. - HS nghin cu SGK bit c cch nhn bit ion Hin tng: C kt ta, sau kt ta b ho tan tr li. Ca2+ v Mg2+. Phng trnh phn ng: 2 Ca2+ + CO 3 CaCO3 CaCO + CO + HO Ca(HCO3)2 (tan) 3 2 2
Ca2+ + 2HCO3

O Mg2+ + C 3 MgCO3 MgCO3 + CO + HO Mg(HCO3)2 (tan) 2 2

Mg2+ + 2HCO3

V. CNG C: 1. Trong mt cc nc c cha 0,01 mol Na+, 0,02 mol Ca2+, 0,01 mol Mg2+, 0,05 mol HCO3, 0,02 mol Cl. Nc trong cc thuc loi no ? A. Nc cng c tnh cng tm thi. B. Nc cng c tnh cng vnh cu. C. Nc cng c tnh cng ton phn. D. Nc mm. 2. C th dng cht no sau y lm mm nc c tnh cng tm thi ? A. NaCl. B. H2SO4. C. Na2CO3. D. KNO3. 3. Anion gc axit no sau y c th lm mm nc cng ? O A. N 3 B. S 2 O4 C. ClO D. PO 3 4 4 4. C th loi b tnh cng tm thi ca nc bng cch un si v l do no sau y ? A. Nc si nhit cao ( 1000C, p sut kh quyn). B. Khi un si lm tng tan ca cc cht kt ta. C. Khi un si cc cht kh ho tan trong nc thot ra. D. Cc mui hirocacbonat ca magie v canxi b phn hu bi nhit to ra kt ta. VI. DN D: 1. BTVN: 8 9 trang 119 (SGK). 2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT CA CHNG.

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 45

LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI

KIM TH V HP CHT CA CHNG

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c, h thng ho kin thc v kim loi kim, kim loi kim th v hp cht ca chng. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v kim loi kim v kim loi kim th cng nh hp cht ca chng. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: HS: c trc phn ni dung ni dung KIN THC CN NH. GV: Cc bi tp lin quan n ni dung luyn tp. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Vit PTHH ca phn ng gii thch vic dng Na3PO4 lm mm nc c tnh cng ton phn.

74

GIO N 12 C BN

3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR Hot ng 1 - HS vn dng cc kin thc hc gii quyt bi tp bn. - GV quan st, hng dn HS gii quyt bi tp.

NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Hon thnh PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra theo s sau y CaO Ca(OH) CaCl2 2

CaCO 3

CaCO 3

CaCO 3

CaCO 3

CO2 KHCO3 K 2CO3 Bi 2: Cho 3,04g hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng vi axit HCl thu c 4,15g hn hp mui clorua. Khi lng mi hiroxit trong hn hp ln lt l A. 1,17g & 2,98g B. 1,12g & 1,6g Hot ng 2 C. 1,12g & 1,92g D. 0,8g & 2,24g - HS gii quyt theo phng php tng gim khi Gii lng hoc phng php t n gii h thng thng. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O - GV quan st, hng dn HS gii quyt bi tp. KOH + HCl KCl + H2O Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca NaOH v KOH 40a + 56b = 3,04 (1) T 2 PTHH trn ta thy: 1 mol NaOH 1 mol NaCl, khi lng tng 35,5 17 = 18,5g. 1 mol NaOH 1 mol NaCl, khi lng tng 35,5 17 = 18,5g. 1 mol hn hp (KOH, NaOH) 1 mol hn hp (KCl v NaCl), khi lng tng 18,5g. Theo bi cho khi lng hn hp tng 4,15 3,04 = 1,11g a + b = 1,11:18,5 = 0,06 (2) T (1) v (2): a = 0,02; b = 0,04 mKOH = 40.0,02 = 0,8g; p n D. Bi 3: Sc 6,72 lt CO2 (kc) vo dung dch c cha 0,25 Hot ng 3 mol Ca(OH)2. Khi lng kt ta thu c l - GV gii thiu cho HS phng php gii ton CO2 tc A. 10g B. 15g C. 20g D. 25g dng vi dung dch kim. Gii
- HS gii quyt bi ton theo s hng dn ca GV. nCO2 = 0,3 1 <

nCO2

nNaOH

0 ,3 0,2 5

= 1,2 < 2 Phn ng

to mui CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 a a a Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 b 2b

a+ b= 0 , 2 5 a= 0 , 2 mCaCO = 100.0,2 = a+ 2 b = 0 , 3 b= 0 , 0 5
3

- HS vn dng phng php lm mm nc cng c tnh cng vnh cu gii quyt bi ton.

Hot ng 4 HS gii quyt bi ton theo s hng dn ca GV.

20g Bi 4: Cht no sau y c th lm mm nc cng c tnh cng vnh cu ? A. NaCl B. H2SO4 C. Na2CO3 D. HCl Bi 5: Cho 28,1 g hn hp MgCO3 v BaCO3, trong MgCO3 chim a% khi lng. Cho hn hp trn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl ly kh CO2 ri em sc vo dung dch c cha 0,2 mol Ca(OH)2 c kt ta B. Tnh a kt ta B thu c l ln nht. Gii MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1) CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (2)

75

GIO N 12 C BN

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (3) Theo (1), (2) v (3): nCO2 = nMgCO3 + nCaCO3 = 0,2 mol th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Ta c: Hot ng 5 - GV ?: Kim loi Ca l kim loi c tnh kh mnh. Vy iu ch kim loi Ca ta c th s dng phng php no trong s cc phng php iu ch cc kim loi m ta hc ? - HS chn p n ph hp. Hot ng 6 - GV ? V sao khi un nng dung dch sau khi lc b kt ta ta li thu c thm kt ta na ? - HS: Vit 2 PTHH v da vo 2 lng kt ta tm lng CO2. V. CNG C: B tc chui phn ng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng (mi mi tn l mt phn ng). Cho bit B l kh dng np cho cc bnh cha la (dp tt la). A l khong sn thng dng sn xut vi sng.
28,1.a 100.84

28,1.(100 - a) 100.197

= 0,2 a = 29,89%

Bi 6: Cch no sau y thng c dng iu ch kim loi Ca ? A. in phn dung dch CaCl2 c mng ngn. B. in phn CaCl2 nng chy. C. Dng Al kh CaO nhit cao. D. Dng kim loi Ba y Ca ra khi dung dch CaCl2. Bi 7: Sc a mol kh CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 3g kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, dung dch cn li em un nng li thu c thm 2g kt ta na. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,05 mol B. 0,06 mol C. 0,07 mol D. 0,08 mol

A E
OH Na

t0

B
NaOH HCl

F
Na OH

VI. DN D: Xem trc bi: NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 46

NHM V HP CHT CA NHM

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca nhm. HS hiu: Nguyn nhn gy nn tnh kh mnh ca nhm v v sao nhm ch c s oxi ho +3 trong cc hp cht. 2. K nng: - Tin hnh mt s th nghim n gin. - Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v kim loi nhm. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Dng c, ho cht: ht nhm hoc l nhm, cc dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long, NaOH, NH3, HgCl2. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Vit PTHH ca phn ng gii thch vic dng Na3PO4 lm mm nc c tnh cng ton phn. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH GV dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh vi tr ELECTRON NGUYN T

76

GIO N 12 C BN

ca Al trong bng tun hon. HS vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Al, suy ra tnh kh mnh v ch c s oxi ho duy nht l +3.

- s 13, nhm IIIA, chu k 3. - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p1 hay [Ne]3s23p1 - D nhng c 3 electron ho tr nn c s oxi ho +3 trong cc hp cht. II TNH CHT VT L HS t nghin cu SGK bit c cc tnh cht vt l - Mu trng bc, tnc = 6600C, kh mm, d ko si, d dt ca kim loi Al mng. - L kim loi nh (d = 2,7g/cm3), dn in tt v dn nhit tt. Hot ng 2 III TNH CHT HO HC HS: Cho bit v tr cp oxi ha kh ca nhm trong Nhm l kim loi c tnh kh mnh, ch sau kim loi kim dy in ha, t xc nh tnh cht ha hc ca Al. v kim loi kim th, nn d b oxi ho thnh ion dng. Al Al3+ + 3e GV biu din th nghim Al mc lng t. HS quan 1. Tc dng vi phi kim st hin tng xy ra v vit PTHH ca phn ng. a) Tc dng vi halogen 2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3 GV ?: V sao cc vt dng lm bng Al li rt bn b) Tc dng vi oxi vng trong khng kh nhit thng ?

4Al + 3O 2

t0

2Al2O3

- GV lm th nghim vi oxi, axit HCl, H2SO4, HNO3. - HS quan st gii thch hin tng v vit phng trnh phn ng. - Vi axit HCl, H2SO4l. th Al kh ion no ? Sn phm ? - Vi axit HNO3, H2SO4th Al kh ion no ? V sao ? - Trng hp vi axit HNO3, H2SO4 ngui th phn ng cho sn phm g ? V sao ? HS vit PTHH ca phn ng. HS nghin cu SGK bit c phn ng ca Al vi nc xy ra trong iu kin no. GV ?: V sao cc vt lm bng Al li rt bn vng vi nc ?

Al bn trong khng kh nhit thng do c lp mng oxit Al2O3 rt mng bo v. 2. Tc dng vi axit Kh d dng ion H+ trong dung dch HCl v H2SO4 long H2 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 Tc dng mnh vi dung dch HNO3 long, HNO3 c, nng v H2SO4 c, nng.

Al + 4HNO (loang) Al(NO3)3 +NO +2H2O 3

2Al + 6HSO4 (ac) Al2(SO4)3 +3SO2 +6H2O 2 Nhm b th ng ho bi dung dch HNO3 c, ngui hoc H2SO4 c ngui. 3. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi 2Al + FeO3 Al2O3 +2Fe 2 4. Tc dng vi nc - Ph b lp oxit trn b mt Al (hoc to thnh hn hng Al-Hg th Al s phn ng vi nc nit thng) 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 - Nhm khng phn ng vi nc d nhit cao l v trn b mt ca nhm c ph kn mt lp Al2O3 rt mng, bn v mn, khng cho nc v kh thm qua.
t0 t0

t0

5. Tc dng vi dung dch kim GV gii thiu v dn dt HS vit PTHH ca phn - Trc ht, lp bo v Al2O3 b ho tan trong dung dch ng xy ra khi cho kim loi Al tc dng vi dung dch kim: kim. Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O (1) - Al kh nc: 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 (2) - Lp bo v Al(OH)3 b ho tan trong dung dch kim Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O (3) Cc phn ng (2) v (3) xy ra xen k nhau cho n kh nhm b ho tan ht. 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 V. CNG C: Tnh cht ha hc ca nhm l g? Ly cc phn ng khc minh ha. VI. DN D: Xem trc phn cn li ca bi: NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.

77

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 47

NHM V HP CHT CA NHM (tt)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: ng dng v trng thi thin nhin ca Al. HS hiu: C s khoa hc ca phng php iu ch kim loi Al. 2. K nng: Vit c cc qu trnh oxi ho kh xy ra trn b mt cc in cc trong qu trnh sn xut nhm. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: S thng in phn Al2O3 nng chy. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca nhm l g ? Dn ra cc PTHH minh ho. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 IV. NG DNG V TRNG THI THIN NHIN HS trnh by cc ng dng quan trng ca Al v cho 1. ng dng - Dng lm vt liu ch to t, my bay, tn la, tu bit nhng ng dng da trn nhng tnh cht vt l v tr. no ca nhm. - Dng trong xy dng nh ca, trang tr ni tht. GV b sung thm mt s ng dng khc ca nhm. - Dng lm dy dn in, dng lm dng c nh bp. - Hn hp tecmit (Al + FexOy) thc hin phn ng nhit nhm dng hn ng ray. 2. Trng thi thin nhin HS nghin cu SGK bit c trng thi thin t st (Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O), mica (K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2), nhin ca Al. boxit (Al2O3.2H2O), criolit (3NaF.AlF3),... Hot ng 2 V. SN XUT NHM Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut bng phng HS nghin cu SGK bit Al trong cng nghip php in phn Al2O3 nng chy. c sn xut theo phng php no. GV ?: V sao trong cng nghip sn xut Al ngi ta li s dng phng php in phn nng chy m khng s dng cc phng php khc ?

78

GIO N 12 C BN

1. Nguyn liu: Qung boxit Al2O3.2H2O c ln tp cht l Fe2O3 v SiO2. Loi b tp cht bng phng php ho hc Al2O3 gn nh nguyn cht. 2. in phn nhm oxit nng chy HS nghin cu SGK bit v sao phi ho tan Al2O3 Chun b cht in li nng chy: Ho tan Al2O3 trong trong criolit nng chy ? Vic lm ny nhm mc ch g criolit nng chy nhm h nhit nng chy ca hn ? hp xung 9000 C v dn in tt, khi lng ring nh. GV gii thiu s in phn Al2O3 nng chy. Qu trnh in phn Al2O3 t 2Al3+ + 3O2K (-) Al2O3 (nog cha) n y A (+ ) 3+ 2Al O Al3+ +3e Al 2O2- O2 +4e GV ?: Nguyn liu c s dng sn xut Al l g ? Nc ta c sn ngun nguyn liu hay khng ?
o

Phng trnh ien phan: O3 2Al2 4Al +3O2 GV ?: V sao sau mt thi gian in phn, ngi ta Kh oxi nhit cao t chy cc dng l phi thay th in cc dng ? cacbon, sinh ra hn hp kh CO v CO2. Do vy trong qu trnh in phn phi h thp dn dn cc dng. V. CNG C: 1. Mc ch ca vic chun b cht in li nng chy l g ? 2. Cc qu trnh xy ra trn cc in cc trong qu trnh sn xut nhm ? Phng trnh phn ng ? VI. DN D: Xem trc phn cn li ca bi: NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.

pnc

79

GIO N 12 C BN

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 48

NHM V HP CHT CA NHM (tt)

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit tnh cht v ng dng ca mt s hp cht ca nhm. 2. K nng: Tin hnh c mt s th nghim v hp cht quan trong ca nhm v gii c mt s bi tp lin quan n tnh cht hp cht ca nhm. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Cc ho cht v dng c th nghim c lin quan. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Trnh by cc giai on sn xut nhm. Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC I NHM OXIT Hot ng 1 1. Tnh cht HS nghin cu SGK bit c mt s tnh cht Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, mu trng, khng tan trong vt l ca nhm oxit. nc v khng tc dng vi nc, tnc > 20500C. Tnh cht ho hc: L oxit lng tnh. * Tc dng vi dung dch axit HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O chng minh Al2O3 l hp cht lng tnh. Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2O * Tc dng vi dung dch kim Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O natri aluminat Al2O3 + 2OH 2AlO2 + H2O 2. ng dng: Nhm oxit tn ti di dng ngm nc v dng khan. Dng ngm nc l thnh phn ca yu ca qung boxit HS nghin cu SGK bit c mt s ng dng (Al2O3.2H2O) dng sn xut nhm. ca nhm oxit. Dng oxit khan, c cu to tinh th qu, hay gp l: - Corinon: Dng tinh th trong sut, khng mu, rt rn, c dng ch to mi, giy nhm,... - Trong tinh th Al2O3, nu mt s ion Al3+ c thay bng ion Cr3+ ta c hng ngc dng lm trang sc, chn knh ng h, dng trong k thut laze. - Tinh th Al2O3 c ln tp cht Fe2+, Fe3+ v Ti4+ ta c saphia dng lm trang sc. - Bt nhm oxit dng trong cng nghip sn xut cht xc tc cho tng hp hu c. Hot ng 2 II. NHM HIROXIT HS biu din th nghim iu ch Al(OH)3, sau Tnh cht vt l: Cht rn, mu trng, kt ta dng cho HS quan st Al(OH)3 va iu ch c. keo. HS nhn xt v trng thi, mu sc ca Al(OH)3.

80

GIO N 12 C BN

Tnh cht ho hc: L hiroxit lng tnh. * Tc dng vi dung dch axit Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3H+ Al3+ + 3H2O * Tc dng vi dung dch kim Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O natri aluminat Al(OH)3 + OH AlO2 + 2H2O III NHM SUNFAT Hot ng 3: HS nghin cu SGK bit c mt - Mui nhm sunfat khan tan trong nc vlm dung dch s ng dng quan trng ca nhm sunfat. nng ln do b hirat ho. - Phn chua: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O hay KAl(SO4)2.12H2O c dng trong ngnh thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu trong cng nghip nhum vi, cht lm trong nc,... - Phn nhm: M2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O (M+ l Na+; Li+, NH4+) IV CCH NHN BIT ION Al3+ TRONG DUNG GV ?: Trn s s tnh cht ca mt s hp cht ca DCH nhm, theo em chng minh s c mt ca ion Al3+ Cho t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch th nghim, nu trong mt dung dch no th ta c th lm nh th thy kt ta keo xut hin ri tan trong NaOH d c ion no ? Al3+. Al3+ + 3OH Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH (d) AlO2 + 2H2O V. CNG C: 1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng thc hin dy chuyn i sau: GV biu din th nghim ho tan Al(OH)3 trong dung dch HCl v dung dch NaOH. HS quan st hin tng xy ra, vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion ca phn ng.

Al2O3 Al AlCl3 Al(OH) NaAlO2 Al(OH) Al 3 3 2. C 2 l khng nhn ng dung dch AlCl3 v dung dch NaOH. Khng dng thm cht no khc, lm th no nhn bit mi ho cht ? 3. Pht biu no di y l ng ? A. Nhm l mt kim loi lng tnh. B. Al(OH)3 l mt baz lng tnh. C. Al2O3 l oxit trung tnh. D. Al(OH)3 l mt hiroxit lng tnh. 4. Trong nhng cht sau, cht no khng c tnh lng tnh ? A. Al(OH)3 B. Al2O3 C. ZnSO4 D. NaHCO3 5. C 4 mu bt kim loi l Na, Al, Ca, Fe. Ch dng nc lm thuc th th s kim loi c th phn bit c ti a l bao nhiu ? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 VI. DN D: XEM TRC BI LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 49

LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA NHM V HP CHT CA NHM.

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c h thng ho kin thc v nhm v hp cht ca nhm. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v nhm v hp cht ca nhm. 3. Thi :

81

GIO N 12 C BN

II. CHUN B: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Bng ph ghi mt s hng s vt l quan trng ca nhm. III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng thc hin dy chuyn i sau:

Al

(1)

AlCl3

(2)

Al(OH) 3

(3)

NaAlO2

(4)

Al(OH) 3

(5)

Al2O3

(6)

Al

3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 Bi 1: Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l HS da vo kin thc hc v Al, Al2O3 v Al(OH)3 do chn p n ph hp. A. nhm l kim loi km hot ng. B. c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo v. C. c mng oxit Al(OH)3 bn vng bo v. D. Nhm c tnh th ng vi khng kh v nc. Hot ng 2 Bi 2: Nhm khng tan trong dung dch no sau y ? HS da vo kin thc hc v Al chn p n A. HCl B. H2SO4 C. NaHSO4 D. NH3 ph hp. Bi 3: Cho 31,2 gam hn hp bt Al v Al2O3 tc dng vi Hot ng 3 dung dch NaOH d thu c 13,44 lt H2 (kc). Khi HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng, sau lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u ln lt l da vo phng trnh phn ndung dch tnh lng A. 16,2g v 15g B. 10,8g v 20,4g kim loi Al c trong hn hp (theo p n th ch cn C. 6,4g v 24,8g D. 11,2g v 20g tnh c khi lng ca mt trong 2 cht v khi Gii lng ca mi cht 4 p n l khc nhau) 3 Al H2
2

Hot ng 4: HS vn dng nhng kin thc hc v nhm, cc hp cht ca nhm cng nh tnh cht ca cc hp cht ca kim loi nhm IA, IIA gii quyt bi ton.

Hot ng 5: GV hng dn HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. HS vit PTHH ca phn ng, nu hin tng xy ra.

Hot ng 6: GV t h thng cu hi pht vn: - Hn hp X c tan ht hay khng ? V sao hn hp X li tan c trong nc ? - V sao khi thm dung dch HCl vo dung dch A th ban u cha c kt ta xut hin, nhng sau kt

2 2 13,44 nAl = nH2 = . = 0,4 mol mAl = 0,4.27 = 3 3 22,4 10,8g p n B. Bi 4: Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn bit cc cht trong nhng dy sau v vit phng trnh ho hc gii thch. a) cc kim loi: Al, Mg, Ca, Na. b) Cc dung dch: NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3. c) Cc cht bt: CaO, MgO, Al2O3. Gii a) H2O b) dd Na2CO3 hoc dd NaOH c) H2O Bi 5: Vit phng trnh ho hc gii thch cc hin tng xy ra khi a) cho dung dch NH3 d vo dung dch AlCl3. b) cho t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch AlCl3. c) cho t t dung dch Al2(SO4)3 vo dung dch NaOH v ngc li. d) sc t t kh n d kh CO2 vo dung dch NaAlO2. e) cho t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung dch NaAlO2. Bi 6: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi K v Al c khi lng 10,5g. Ho tan hon ton hn hp X trong nc thu c dung dch A. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A: lc u khng c kt ta, khi thm c 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M th bt u c kt ta. Tnh % s mol mi kim loi trong X. Gii Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca K v Al. 39x + 27y = 10,5 (a) 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 (1) x x

82

GIO N 12 C BN

ta li xut hin ? 2Al + 2KOH + 2H2O 2KAlO2 + 3H2 (2) HS tr li cc cu hi v gii quyt bi ton di s y y hng dn ca GV. Do X tan ht nn Al ht, KOH d sau phn ng (2). Khi thm HCl ban u cha c kt ta v: HCl + KOHd HCl + H2O (3) xy x y Khi HCl trung ho ht KOH d th bt u c kt ta. KAlO2 + HCl + H2O Al(OH)3 + KCl (4) Vy trung ho KOH d cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Ta c: nHCl = nKOH(d sau p (2)) = x y = 0,1.1 = 0,1 (b) T (a) v (b): x = 0,2, y = 0,1. %nK = 0,2 .100 = 66,67% %nAl = 33,33% V. CNG C: 1. Pht biu no sau y l ng khi ni v Al2O3 ? A. Al2O3 c sinh ra khi nhit phn mui Al(NO3)3. B. Al2O3 b kh bi CO nhit cao. C. Al2O3 tan c trong dung dch NH3. D. Al2O3 l oxit khng to mui. 2. C cc dung dch: KNO3, Cu(NO3)2, FeCl3, AlCl3, NH4Cl. Ch dng ho cht no sau y c th nhn bit c tt c cc dung dch trn ? A. dung dch NaOH d. B. dung dch AgNO3 C. dung dch Na2SO4 D. dung dch HCl 3. Ho tan hon ton m gam bt Al vo dung dch HNO3 d ch thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh X gm NO v N2O (kc) c t l mol l 1:3. Gi tr ca m l A. 24,3 B. 42,3 C. 25,3 D. 25,7 4. Trn 24g Fe2O3 vi 10,8g Al ri nung nhit cao (khng c khng kh). Hn hp thu c sau phn ng em ho tan vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 5,376 lt kh (kc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l A. 12,5% B. 60% C. 80% D. 90% VI. DN D:
0 ,3

Ngy son:............/............

THC HNH: TNH CHT CA NATRI, MAGIE, NHOM V HP CHT CA CHNG

Ti t 50

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc hc v tnh cht ho hc c trng ca natri, magie, nhm v hp cht quan trng ca chng. - Tin hnh mt s th nghim: + So snh phn ng ca Na, Mg, Al vi nc. + Al tc dng vi dung dch kim. + Al(OH)3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, H2SO4 long. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng lm th nghim thc hnh nh lm vic vi ho cht, vi dng c th nghim, k nng lm th nghim vi lng nh ho cht. 3. Thi : Nghim tc khi tip xc vi cc ho cht c hi. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng ngim + gi ng nghim + cc thu tinh + n cn. 2. Ho cht: Cc kim loi: Na, Mg, Al; cc dung dch: NaOH, AlCl3, NH3, phenolphtalein. III. PHNG PHP: HS tin hnh th nghim di s hng dn ca gio vin. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:

83

GIO N 12 C BN

1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR Hot ng 1: Cng vic u bc thc hnh. - GV: Nu mc tiu, yu cu ca tit thc hnh, nhng lu cn thit, th d nh phn ng gia Na vi nc, khng c dng nhiu Na, dng ng nghim cha gn y nc. - GV c th tin hnh mt s tnh cht mu cho HS quan st. Hot ng 2 - Thc hin th nghim nh SGK. - GV hng dn HS lm th nghim, quan st hin tng xy ra. Hot ng 3 - Thc hin th nghim nh SGK. - GV hng dn HS lm th nghim, quan st hin tng xy ra. Hot ng 4 - Thc hin th nghim nh SGK. - GV hng dn HS lm th nghim, quan st hin tng xy ra. Hot ng 5: Cng vic sau bui thc hnh. - GV: Nhn xt, nh gi bui thc hnh, yu cu HS vit tng trnh. - HS: Thu dn ho cht, v sinh PTN. V. CNG C: VI. DN D: Tit sau kim tra vit.

NI DUNG KIN THC

Th nghim 1: So snh kh nng phn ng ca Na, Mg, Al vi H2O. Th nghim 2: Nhm tc dng vi dung dch kim.

Th nghim 3: Tnh cht lng tnh ca Al(OH)3.

Ngy son:............/............ CHNG 7: ST V MT S KIM LOI QUAN TRNG

Ti t 52
84

ST

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Gip HS bit - V tr, cu to nguyn t ca st. - Tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca st. 2. K nng: - Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca st. - Gii c cc bi tp v st. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. - Dng c, ho cht: bnh kh O2 v bnh kh Cl2 (iu ch trc), dy st, inh st, dung dch H2SO4 long, dung dch CuSO4, ng nghim, n cn, gi th nghim, kp st, III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH - GV dng bng HTTH v yu cu HS xc nh v tr ELECTRON NGUYN T

GIO N 12 C BN

ca Fe trong bng tun hon. - HS vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+; suy ra tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st.

- th 26, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4. - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 hay [Ar]3d64s2 St d nhng 2 electron phn lp 4s tr thnh ion Fe2+ v c th nhng thm 1 electron phn lp 3d tr thnh ion Fe3+. II TNH CHT VT L: L kim loi mu trng hi - HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng tnh cht vt xm, c khi lng ring ln (d = 8,9 g/cm3), nng chy l c bn ca st. 15400C. St c tnh dn in, dn nhit tt v c tnh nhim t. Hot ng 2 III TNH CHT HO HC - HS bit c tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st nn C tnh kh trung bnh. GV yu cu HS xc nh xem khi no th st th oxi Vi cht oxi ho yu: Fe Fe2+ + 2e 2+ 3+ ho thnh Fe , khi no th b oxi ho thnh Fe ? Vi cht oxi ho mnh: Fe Fe3+ + 3e - HS tm cc th d minh ho cho tnh cht ho hc 1. Tc dng vi phi kim c bn ca st. a) Tc dng vi lu hunh - GV biu din cc th nghim: + Fe chy trong kh O2. + Fe chy trong kh Cl2.

Fe + S b) Tc dng vi oxi
3Fe + 2O2 c) Tc dng vi clo
0 0 0

2 t0 + -2

FeS
+ 2 + 3

8/3 t0 + -2

Fe3O4 (FeO.Fe2O3)
t0 + -1 3

2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl 3 + Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl v H2SO4 long. 2. Tc dng vi dung dch axit - HS quan st cc hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH ca a) Vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long 0 + 1 + 2 0 phn ng. Fe + H 4 FeSO + H 2SO 4 2 b) Vi dung dch HNO3 v H2SO4 c, nng
- GV yu cu HS hon thnh cc PTHH: + Fe + HNO3 (l) + Fe + HNO3 () + Fe + H2SO4 () Fe kh N hoc S trong HNO3 hoc H2SO4 c, nng n s oxi ho thp hn, cn Fe b oxi ho thnh Fe .
+3 + 5 + 6

- HS vit PTHH ca phn ng: Fe + CuSO4

Fe + 4HNO(loang) Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 3 Fe b th ng bi cc axit HNO3 c, ngui hoc H2SO4 c, ngui. 3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui Fe + CuSO 4 4. Tc dng vi nc
0 + 2

+ 5

+ 3

+ 2

FeSO4 + Cu

+ 2

- HS nghin cu SGK bit c iu kin phn ng gia Fe v H2O xy ra.

3Fe + 4H 2O

t0 <5700C t0 >5700C

Fe3O4 + 4H2

Fe + H FeO + H2 2O IV TRNG THI THIN NHIN Hot ng 3 - Chim khong 5% khi lng v tri t, ng hng th - HS nghin cu SGK bit c trng thi thin hai trong cc kim loi (sau Al). nhin ca st. - Trong t nhin st ch yu tn ti di dng hp cht c trong cc qung: qung manhetit (Fe3O4), qung hematit (Fe2O3), qung hematit nu (Fe2O3.nH2O), qung xierit (FeCO3), qung pirit (FeS2). - C trong hemoglobin (huyt cu t) ca mu. - C trong cc thin thch. V. CNG C: 1. Cc kim loi no sau y u phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 ? A. Na, Mg, Ag. B. Fe, Na, MgC. Ba, Mg, Hg. D. Na, Ba, Ag 3+ 2. Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe ? A. [Ar]3d6 B. [Ar]3d5 C. [Ar]3d4 D. [Ar]3d3 3. Cho 2,52g mt kim loi tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 6,84g mui sunfat. Kim loi l A. Mg B. Zn C. Fe D. Al

85

GIO N 12 C BN

4. Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 50g trong dung dch HCl. Sau khi thu c 336 ml H2 (kc) thi khi lng l kim loi gim 1,68%. Kim loi l A. Zn B. Fe C. Al D. Ni VI. DN D: 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 5 trang 141 (SGK) 2. Xem trc bi HP CHT CA ST

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 53
- GV gii thiu cch iu ch FeO.

HP CHT CA ST

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) v hp cht st (III). - Cch iu ch Fe(OH)2 v Fe(OH)3. HS hiu: Nguyn nhn tnh kh ca hp cht st (II) v tnh oxi ho ca hp cht st (III). 2. K nng: - T cu to nguyn t, phn t v mc oxi ho suy ra tnh cht. - Gii c cc bi tp v hp cht ca st. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: inh st, mu dy ng, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, dung dch FeCl3. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st l g ? Dn ra cc PTHH minh ho. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: I HP CHT ST (II) - GV ?: Em hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc c bn ca Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh. hp cht st (II) l g ? V sao ? Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e 1. St (II) oxit - HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca st (II) oxit. a. Tnh cht vt l: (SGK) - HS vit PTHH ca phn ng biu din tnh kh ca b. Tnh cht ho hc + 2 + 5 + 3 + 2 FeO. t0 3FeO + 10HNO 3 (loang) 3Fe(NO3)3 +NO +5H2O
3FeO + 10H+ + NO 3 3Fe3+ + NO + 5H2O c. iu ch

- HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca st (II) hiroxit. - GV biu din th nghim iu ch Fe(OH)2.

Fe2O3 + CO 2. St (II) hiroxit a. Tnh cht vt l : (SGK) b. Tnh cht ho hc

t0

2FeO +CO2

86

GIO N 12 C BN

- HS quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch v sao kt Th nghim: Cho dung dch FeCl2 + dung dch NaOH ta thu c c mu trng xanh ri chuyn dn sang FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl mu nu . 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 c. iu ch: iu ch trong iu kin khng c khng kh. 3. Mui st (II) - HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca mui st (II). a. Tnh cht vt l : a s cc mui st (II) tan trong nc, khi kt tinh thng dng ngm nc. Th d: FeSO4.7H2O; FeCl2.4H2O - HS ly th d minh ho cho tnh cht ho hc ca b. Tnh cht ho hc + 2 0 + -1 3 hp cht st (II). 2FeCl + Cl 2FeCl3 2 2 c. iu ch: Cho Fe (hoc FeO; Fe(OH)2) tc dng vi - GV gii thiu phng php iu ch mui st (II). HCl hoc H2SO4 long. Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 FeO + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2O - GV ?: V sao dung dch mui st (II) iu ch c Dung dch mui st (II) iu ch c phi dng ngay v phi dng ngay ? trong khng kh s chuyn dn thnh mui st (III). II HP CHT ST (III) Hot ng 2 Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca hp cht st (III) l tnh - GV ?: Tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st (III) oxi ho. l g ? V sao ? Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ Fe3+ + 2e Fe 1. St (III) oxit - HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Fe2O3. a. Tnh cht vt l: (SGK) b. Tnh cht ho hc - HS vit PTHH ca phn ng chng minh Fe2O3 l Fe2O3 l oxit baz mt oxit baz. Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O Fe2O3 + 6H+ 2Fe3+ + 3H2O Tc dng vi CO, H2

Fe2O3 + 3CO
- GV gii thiu phn ng nhit phn Fe(OH) 3 iu c. iu ch ch Fe2O3.
t0

t0

2Fe +3CO2

2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3HO 2 Fe3O3 c trong t nhin di dng qung hematit dng luyn gang. 2. St (III) hiroxit - HS tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca Fe(OH)3 trong SGK. Fe(OH)3 l cht rn, mu nu , khng tan trong nc, d tan trong dung dch axit to thnh dung dch mui st (III). - GV ?: Chng ta c th iu ch Fe(OH) 3bng phn 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O ng ho hc no ? iu ch: dung dch kim + dung dch mui st (III). FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl 3. Mui st (III) - HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca mui st (III). a s cc mui st (III) tan trong nc, khi kt tinh thng dng ngm nc. - GV biu din th nghim: Th d: FeCl3.6H2O; Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O + Fe + dung dch FeCl3. Mui st (III) c tnh oxi ho, d b kh thnh mui st + Cu + dung dch FeCl3. (II) 0 + 3 + 2 - HS quan st hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH ca phn Fe + 2FeCl 3FeCl2 3 ng.
Cu + 2FeCl 3
V. CNG C: 1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn i sau:
Fe2O3 Fe2O3 FeS FeCl Fe(OH) FeO FeSO Fe 2 3 3 4 2. Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt H2 (kc), dung dch thu c cho bay hi c tinh th FeSO4.7H2O c khi lng l 55,6g. Th tch kh H2 gii phng l A. 8,19 B. 7,33 C. 4,48 D. 3,23
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0 + 3

CuCl2 +2FeCl2

+ 2

+ 2

87

GIO N 12 C BN

3. Kh hon ton 16g Fe2O3 bng kh CO nhit cao. Khi i ra sau phn ng c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Khi lng (g) kt ta thu c l A. 15 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30 VI. DN D: 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 5 trang 145 (SGK) 2. Xem trc bi HP KIM CA ST

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 54

HP KIM CA ST

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit - Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca gang, thp. - Nguyn tc v quy trnh sn xut gang, thp. 2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp lin quan n gang, thp. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: inh st, mu dy ng, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, dung dch FeCl3. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) v st (III) l g ? Dn ra cc PTHH minh ho. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I GANG 1. Khi nim: Gang l hp kim ca st v cacbon trong GV t h thng cu hi: c t 2 5% khi lng cacbon, ngoi ra cn c mt - Gang l g ? lng nh cc nguyn t Si, Mn, S, 2. Phn loi: C 2 loi gang a) Gang xm: Cha cacbon dng than ch. Gngms c - C my loi gang ? dng c b my, ng dn nc, cnh ca, b) Gang trng GV b sung, sa cha nhng ch cha chnh xc - Gang trng cha t cacbon hn v ch yu dng trong nh ngha v phn loi v gang ca HS. xementit (Fe3C). - Gang trng (c mu sng hn gang xm) c dng luyn thp. Hot ng 2 3. Sn xut gang a) Nguyn tc: Kh qung st oxit bng than cc trong l GV nu nguyn tc sn xut gang. cao. GV thng bo cc qung st thng dung sn b) Nguyn liu: Qung st oxit (thng l hematit xut gang l: hematit (Fe2O3), hematit nu Fe2O3), than cc v cht chy (CaCO3 hoc SiO2). (Fe2O3.nH2O) v manhetit (Fe3O4). c) Cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh luyn qung thnh gang Phn ng to cht kh CO GV dng hnh v 7.2 trang 148 gii thiu v cc t0 C +O2 CO2 phn ng ho hc xy ra trong l cao. 0 t HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong l cao. CO2 +C 2CO Phn ng kh oxit st - Phn trn thn l (4000C)

3Fe2O3 +CO 2Fe O4 + CO 3 2 - Phn gia thn l (500 6000C)

t0

88

GIO N 12 C BN

Fe3O4 +CO 3FeO + CO 2 0 - Phn di thn l (700 800 C) FeO +CO Fe + CO 2 Phn ng to x (10000C) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3 d) S to thnh gang (SGK) II THP 1. Khi nim: Thp l hp kim ca st cha t 0,01 2% khi lng cacbon cng vi mt s nguyn t khc (Si, Mn, Cr, Ni,) 2. Phn loi a) Thp thng (thp cacbon) - Thp mm: Cha khng qu 0,1%C. Thp mm d gia cng, c dng kp si,, cn thnh thp l dng ch to cc vt dng trong i sng v xy dng nh ca. - Thp cng: Cha trn 0,9%C, c dng ch to cc cng c, cc chi tit my nh cc vng bi, v xe bc thp, b) Thp c bit: a thm vo mt s nguyn t lm cho thp c nhng tnh cht c bit. - Thp cha 13% Mn rt cng, c dng lm my nghin . - Thp cha khong 20% Cr v 10% Ni rt cng v khng g, c dng lm dng c gia nh (tha, dao,), dng c y t. - Thp cha khong 18% W v 5% Cr rt cng, c dng ch to my ct, gt nh my phay, my nghin , 3. Sn xut thp a) Nguyn tc: Gim hm lng cc tp cht C, Si, S, Mn, c trong thnh phn gang bng cch oxi ho cc tp cht thnh oxit ri bin thnh x v tch khi thp. b) Cc phng php luyn gang thnh thp Phng php Bet-x-me Phng php Mac-tanh Phng php l in
t0

t0

GV t h thng cu hi: - Thp l g ?

- C my loi thp ? GV b sung, sa cha nhng ch cha chnh xc trong nh ngha v phn loi v thp ca HS v thng bo thm: Hin nay c ti 8000 chng loi thp khc nhau. Hng nm trn th gii tiu th c 1 t tn gang thp.

GV nu nguyn tc ca vic sn xut thp.

GV dng s gii thiu cc phng php luyn thp, phn tch u v nhc im ca mi phng php. GV cung cp thm cho HS: Khu lin hp gang thp Thi Nguyn c 3 l luyn gang, 2 l Mac-cp-nhicp-tanh v mt s l in luyn thp. V. CNG C: 1. Nu nhng phn ng chnh xy ra trong l cao. 2. Nu cc phng php luyn thp v u nhc im ca mi phng php. 3. Kh hon ton 17,6g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4,Fe2O3 n Fe cn va 2,24 lt CO (kc). Khi lng st thu c l A. 15 B. 16 C. 17 D. 18 VI. DN D: 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 6 trang 151 (SGK) 2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT HO HC CA ST V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA ST

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 55

LUYN TP: TNH CHT HO HC CA ST V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA ST

89

GIO N 12 C BN

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS hiu: - V sao st thng c s oxi ho +2 v +3. - V sao tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh, ca hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ho. 2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp v hp cht ca st. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp c lin quan n st v hp cht ca st. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Nu nhng phn ng chnh xy ra trong l cao. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: HS tr li cu hi. Bi 1: Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, Fe2+ v Fe3+. T hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st l g ? Bi 2: Hon thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng theo s sau: (1) FeCl2 HS vn dng cc kin thc hc Fe (2) (3) (4) hon thnh PTHH ca cc phn ng theo s (6) (5) bn. FeCl3 GV quan st, theo di, gip HS hon Gii thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng. (1) Fe + 2HCl FeCl + H
2 2

(2) FeCl2 + Mg MgCl2 + Fe (3) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 (4) 2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2 (5) 2FeCl3 + 3Mg 3MgCl2 + 2Fe (6) 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 Bi 3: in CTHH ca cc cht vo nhng ch trng v lp cc PTHH sau: a) Fe + H2SO4 (c) SO2 + b) Fe + HNO3 (c) NO2 + c) Fe + HNO3 (long) NO + Hot ng 2 d) FeS + HNO3 NO + Fe2(SO4)3 + HS da vo cc kin thc hc hon Gii thnh cc phn ng. a) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O GV lu HS phn ng (d) c nhiu b) Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O phng trnh phn t nhng c cng chung c) Fe + 4HNO Fe(NO ) + NO + 2H O 3 3 3 2 phng trnh ion thu gn. d) FeS + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + NO + Fe(NO3)3 + H2O Bi 4: Bng phng php ho hc, hy phn bit 3 mu hp kim sau: Al Fe, Al Cu v Cu Fe. GV t cu hi: Cc kim loi trong mi Gii cp c s ging v khc nhau nh th no v mt tnh cht ho hc ? Cho 3 mu hp kim trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, mu no khng thy si bt kh l mu Cu Fe. HS phn bit mi cp kim loi da vo tnh cht ho hc c bn ca chng. Cho 2 mu cn li vo dung dch HCl d, mu no tan ht l mu Al Fe, mu no khng tan ht l mu Al Cu. Bi 5: Mt hn hp bt gm Al, Fe, Cu. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc tch ring tng kim loi t hn hp . Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng. Gii HS da vo tnh cht ho hc c trng ring bit ca mi kim loi hon thnh s tch. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh tch.

90

GIO N 12 C BN

Al, Fe, Cu
dd HCl d

Cu

AlCl3, FeCl, HCl d 2

NaOH d

O2 + H2O t0 t0

Fe(OH) 2 Fe(OH) 3 Fe2O3

CO t0

NaAlO , NaOHd 2
CO2 d

Al(OH) 3
t0

Al2O3
pnc

Fe

Al

Hot ng 3: HS t gii quyt bi ton.

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

Bi 6: Cho mt t bt Fe nguyn cht tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 560 ml mt cht kh (kc). Nu cho mt lng gp i bt st ni trn tc dng ht vi dung dch CuSO4 d th thu c mt cht rn. Tnh khi lng ca st dng trong hai trng hp trn v khi lng cht rn thu c. Gii Fe + dung dch H2SO4 long: nFe = nH2 = 0,025 (mol) mFe = 0,025.56 = 1,4g Fe + dung dch CuSO4 nFe = 0,025.2 = 0,05 (mol) mFe = 0,05.56 = 2,8g Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu nFe = nCu = 0,05.64 = 3,2g Bi 7: Bit 2,3g hn hp gm MgO, CuO v FeO tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,2M. Khi lng mui thu c l A. 3,6g B. 3,7g C. 3,8g D. 3,9g Gii nH2SO4 = 0,02 (mol) mmui = 2,3 + 0,02(96 16) = 3,9g Bi 8: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Nguyn t X l A. Fe B. Br C. P D. Cr Gii

+ 2 Z N= 8 2 Z = 26 Fe 2 Z N= 2 2
V. CNG C: Trong tit luyn tp VI. DN D: Xem trc bi CROM V HP CHT CA CROM

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 56

CROM V HP CHT CA CROM

91

GIO N 12 C BN

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca crom. - Tnh cht ca cc hp cht ca crom. 2. K nng: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng biu din tnh cht ho hc ca crom v hp cht ca crom. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. - Dng c, ho cht: Chn s, gi th nghim, kp ng nghim, n cn. - Tinh th K2Cr2O7, dung dch CrCl3, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, tinh th (NH4)2Cr2O7 III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc nh v ELECTRON NGUYN T - 24, nhm VIB, chu k 4. tr ca Cr trong bng tun hon. - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 hay [Ar]3d54s1. HS vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Cr. II TNH CHT VT L - Crom l kim loi mu trng bc, c khi lng ring ln HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Cr trong SGK (d = 7,2g/cm3), t0nc = 18900C. theo s hng dn ca GV. - L kim loi cng nht, c th rch c thu tinh. Hot ng 2 III TNH CHT HO HC GV gii thiu v tnh kh ca kim loi Cr so vi Fe - L kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st. - Trong cc hp cht crom c s oxi ho t +1 +6 (hay v cc mc oxi ho hay gp ca crom. gp +2, +3 v +6). 1. Tc dng vi phi kim t0 HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng gia kim loi Cr 4Cr + 3O 2Cr2O3 2 vi cc phi kim O2, Cl2, S t0 2Cr + 3Cl 2CrCl3 2

HS nghin cu SGK tr li cu hi sau: V sao Cr li bn vng vi nc v khng kh ? HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng gia kim loi Cr vi cc axit HCl v H2SO4 long.

Hot ng 3 HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca Cr2O3. HS dn ra cc PTHH chng minh Cr2O3 th hin tnh cht lng tnh. HS nghin cu SGK bit tnh cht vt l ca Cr(OH)3.

GV ?: V sao hp cht Cr3+ va th hin tnh kh,

2Cr + 3S Cr2S3 2. Tc dng vi nc Cr bn vi nc v khng kh do c lp mng oxit rt mng, bn bo v m crom ln st bo v st v dng Cr ch to thp khng g. 3. Tc dng vi axit Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2 Cr + H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2 Cr khng tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 hoc H2SO4 c, ngui. IV HP CHT CA CROM 1. Hp cht crom (III) a) Crom (III) oxit Cr2O3 Cr2O3 l cht rn, mu lc thm, khng tan trong nc. Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh Cr2O3 + 2NaOH (c) 2NaCrO2 + H2O Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2 b) Crom (III) hiroxit Cr(OH)3 Cr(OH)3 l cht rn, mu lc xm, khng tan trong nc. Cr(OH)3 l mt hiroxit lng tnh Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2 + 2H2O Cr(OH)3+ 3HCl CrCl3 + 3H2O Tnh kh v tnh oxi ho: Do c s oxi ho trung gian

t0

92

GIO N 12 C BN

va th hin tnh oxi ho ? nn trong dung dch va c tnh oxi ho (mi trng axit) HS dn ra cc PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht va c tnh kh (trong mi trng baz) 2CrCl3 + Zn 2CrCl2 + ZnCl2 ca hp cht Cr3+. 2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+ 2NaCrO2 + 3Br2 + 8NaOH 2Na2CrO4 + 6NaBr + 4H2O 2CrO2 + 3Br2 + 8OH 2CrO 2 + 6Br + 4H2O 4 2. Hp cht crom (VI) HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt l ca a) Crom (VI) oxit CrO3 CrO3. CrO3 l cht rn mu thm. L mt oxit axit HS vit PTHH ca phn ng gia CrO3 vi H2O. CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 (axit cromic) 2CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7 (axit icromic) C tnh oxi ho mnh: Mt s cht hu c v v c (S, P, C, C2H5OH) bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3. b) Mui crom (VI) L nhng hp cht bn. HS nghin cu SGK vit PTHH ca phn ng - Na2CrO4 v K2CrO4 c mu vng (mu ca ion CrO 2 ) 4 gia K2Cr2O7 vi FeSO4 trong mi trng axit. - Na2Cr2O7 v K2Cr2O7 c mu da cam (mu ca ion C 2O2 ) r 7 Cc mui cromat v icromat c tnh oxi ho mnh.

K 2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO+ 7HSO4 4 2 3Fe2(SO4)3 +Cr2(SO4)3 +K 2SO4 +7H2O

2 r Trong dung dch ca ion C 2O7 lun c c ion

+ 6

+ 2

+ 3

+ 3

CrO 2 trng thi cn bng vi nhau: 4

2 Cr2O7- + H2O

2CrO2- +2H+ 4

V. CNG C: 1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn ho sau:

Cr2O3 Cr2(SO4)3 Cr2O3 Cr Cr(OH) 3 2. Khi un nng 2 mol natri icromat ngi ta thu c 48g O2 v 1 mol Cr2O3. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng v xem natri icromat b nhit phn hon ton cha ? VI. DN D: Xem trc bi NG V HP CHT CA NG
(1) (2) (3) (4)

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 57

NG V HP CHT CA NG

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu hnh electron nguyn t tnh cht vt l. - Tnh cht v ng dng cc hp cht ca ng. 2. K nng: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca ng. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: ng mnh (hoc dy ng), dd H2SO4 long, dd H2SO4 c, dd HNO3 long, dd NaOH, dd CuSO4, n cn, bng tun hon. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:

93

GIO N 12 C BN

1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn ho sau:
Cr
(1)

Cr2O3

(2)

Cr2(SO4)3

(3)

Cr(OH) 3

(4)

Cr2O3

3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH Hot ng 1 ELECTRON NGUYN T GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc nh v - th 29, nhm IB, chu k 4. - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 hay [Ar]3d104s1 tr ca Cu trong bng tun hon. HS vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Cu. T cu Trong cc phn ng ho hc, Cu d nhng electron lp ngoi cng v electron ca phn lp 3d hnh electron em hy d on v cc mc oxi ho Cu Cu+ + 1e c th c ca Cu. Cu Cu2+ + 2e trong cc hp cht, ng c s oxi ho l +1 v +2. II TNH CHT VT L HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca L kim loi mu , khi lng ring ln (d = 8,98g/cm3), tnc = 10830C. ng tinh khit tng i mm, d ko di v kim loi Cu. dt mng, dn nhit v dn in tt, ch km bc v hn hn cc kim loi khc. III TNH CHT HO HC: L kim loi km hot HS da vo v tr ca ng trong dy in ho d ng, c tnh kh yu. 1. Tc dng vi phi kim on kh nng phn ng ca kim loi Cu. t0 GV biu din th nghim t si dy ng mu 2Cu + O 2CuO 2 trong khng kh v yu cu HS quan st, vit PTHH 0 t ca phn ng. Cu + Cl CuCl2 2 2. Tc dng vi axit GV biu din th nghim: Cu + H2SO4 (nhn bit + 6 + 4 t0 SO2 bng giy qu tm m. Cu + 2H 4 (ac) CuSO4 +SO2 +2H2O 2SO HS quan st rt ra kt lun v vit PTHH v phng + 5 + 4 trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng. Cu + 4HNO(ac) Cu(NO3)2 +2NO2 +2H2O 3
+ 5 + 2

3Cu + 8HNO 3 (loang) 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO +4H2O Hot ng 3 IV HP CHT CA NG HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt l ca 1. ng (II) oxit CuO. Cht rn, mu en,, khng tan trong nc. HS vit PTHH th hin tnh cht ca CuO qua cc L mt oxit baz phn ng sau: CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O - CuO + H2SO4 D b kh bi H2, CO, C thnh Cu kim loi khi un nng - CuO + H2 t0 CuO + H Cu +H2O 2 HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt l ca 2. ng (II) hiroxit Cu(OH)2. Cu(OH)2 l cht rn mu xanh, khng tan trong nc. HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt l ca L mt baz CuO. Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O GV biu din th nghim iu ch Cu(OH)2 t dd D b nhit phn CuSO4 v dd NaOH. Nghin cu tnh cht ca t0 Cu(OH) CuO +H2O 2 Cu(OH)2. 3. Mui ng (II) Dung dch mui ng c mu xanh. HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht ca Thng gp l mui ng (II): CuCl2, CuSO4, mui ng (II). Cu(NO3)3,

CuSO .5H2O CuSO4 + 5H2O 4 ma xanh u ma trag u n 4. ng dng ca ng v hp cht ca ng HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng ng dng Trn 50% sn lng Cu dng lm dy dn in v trn quan trng ca kim loi Cu trong i sng. 30% lm hp kim. Hp kim ca ng nh ng thau (Cu Zn), ng bch (Cu Ni),Hp kim ng c nhiu ng

t0

94

GIO N 12 C BN

dng trong cng nghip v i sng nh dng ch to cc chi tit my, ch to cc thit b dng trong cng nghip ng tu bin. Hp cht ca ng cng c nhiu ng dng. Dung dch CuSO4 dng trong nng nghip cha bnh mc sng cho c chua, khoai ty. CuSO4 khan dng pht hin du vt ca nc trong cc cht lng. CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 c dng pha ch sn v c mu xanh, mu lc. V. CNG C: 1. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca ng, ion Cu+, ion Cu2+. 2. Cho 19,2g kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 4,48 lt kh NO duy nht (kc). Kim loi M l A. Mg B. Cu C. Fe D. Zn 3. Cho 7,68g Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thy c kh NO thot ra. Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra trong dung dch l A. 21,56g B. 21,65g C. 22,56g D. 22,65g 4. C cc dung dch: HCl, HNO3, NaOH, AgNO3, NaNO3. Ch dng thm cht no sau y nhn bit cc dung dch trn ? A. Cu B. dd Al2(SO4)3 C. dd BaCl2 D. dd Ca(OH)2 5. C 3 hn hp kim loi: (1) Cu Ag; (2) Cu Al; (3) Cu Mg. Dng dung dch ca cc cp cht no sau y nhn bit cc hn hp trn ? A. HCl v AgNO3 B. HCl v Al(NO3)3 C. HCl v Mg(NO3)2 D. HCl v NaOH 6. Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol Ag2O v 0,2 mol Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long, d. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp mui khan A. Nung A n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn B c khi lng l A. 26,8g B. 13,4g C. 37,6g D. 34,4g VI. DN D: Xem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT HO HC CA CROM, NG V HP CHT CA CHNG.

Ngy son:............/............

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Cu hnh electron bt thng ca nguyn t Cr, Cu. - V sao ng c s oxi ho +1 v +2, cn crom c s oxi ho t +1 n + 6. 2. K nng: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn ca cc phn ng th hin tnh cht ho hc ca Cr v Cu. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp luyn tp. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn ho sau:
Cu
(1)

LUYEN TAP: TNH CHAT HOA HOC CUA CROM, ONG VA HP CHAT CUA CHUNG

Ti t 58

CuO

(2)

CuSO 4

(3)

Cu

(4)

Cu(NO )2 3

3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR

Hot ng 1 HS da vo cc tnh cht ho hc ca Cu (1) CuS (2) Cu(NO ) (3) Cu(OH) (4) CuCl 32 2 2 Cu v hp cht hon thnh cc PTHH Gii ca cc phn ng trong dy chuyn i

NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Hon thnh phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng trong dy chuyn i sau:
(5)

Cu

95

GIO N 12 C BN

bn.

Hot ng 2 GV ?: Vi NaOH th kim loi no phn ng ? Phn khng tan sau phn ng gia hp kim v dung dch NaOH c thnh phn nh th no ?

Cu + S CuS (1) CuS + HNO3 (c) Cu(NO3)2 + H2SO4 + NO2 + H2O (2) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 (3) Cu(OH)2+ 2HCl CuCl2 + 2H2O (4) CuCl2 + Zn Cu + ZnCl2 (5) Bi 2: Khi cho 100g hp kim gm c Fe, Cr v Al tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt kh. Ly phn khng tan cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d (khng c khng kh) thu c 38,08 lt kh. Cc th tch kh o kc. Xc nh % khi lng ca hp kim. Gii Vi NaOH d: Ch c Al phn ng
Al nAl =
3 2

t0

H2

2 2 6,72 nH2 = . = 0,2 (mol) 3 3 22, 4 0, 2.27 .100 = 5,4% %Al = 100

GV ?: Phn khng tan tc dng vi dung dch HCl th c phn ng no xy ra ? HS hon thnh cc phn ng v tnh ton cc lng cht c lin quan.

Phn khng tan + dd HCl Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 a a Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2 b b 56a+ 52 b = 94, 6 %Fe =86,8% a= 1,55 38, 08 b= 0,15 %Cr =7,8% a+ b =

22, 4

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

Bi 3: Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8g X tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c V lt kh (kc) bay ra. Gi tr V l A. 1,12 B. 2,24 C. 4,48 D. 3,36 Gii %khi lng ca st = 100% - 43,24% = 56,76% nFe = 14,8.

56,76 1 . = 0,15 (mol) 100 56

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 nFe = nH2 = 0,15 V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 lt Bi 4: Kh m gam bt CuO bng kh H2 nhit cao c hn hp rn X. ho tan ht X cn va 1 lt dung dch HNO3 1M, thu c 4,48 lt kh NO duy nht (kc). Hiu sut ca phn ng kh CuO l A. 70% B. 75% C. 80% D. 85% Bi 5: Nhng thanh st vo dung dch CuSO4, sau mt thi gian ly thanh st ra ra sch, sy kh thy khi lng tng 1,2g. Khi lng Cu bm vo thanh st l A. 9,3g B. 9,4g C. 9,5g D. 9,6g Bi 6: Cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch hn hp gm NaNO3 v H2SO4 long s gii phng kh no sau y ? A. NO2 B. NO C. N2O D. NH3

V. CNG C: 1. phn bit dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui v dung dch HNO3 c, ngui c th dng kim loi no sau y ? A. Cr B. Al C. Fe D. Cu

96

GIO N 12 C BN

2. C hai dung dch axit l HCl v HNO3 c, ngui. Kim loi no sau y c th dng phn bit hai dung dch axit ni trn ? A. Fe B. Al C. Cr D. Cu 3. Cho kim loi X tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long ri ly kh thu c kh oxit kim loi Y. X v Y c th l A. Cu v Fe B. Fe v Cu C. Cu v Ag D. Ag v Cu 4. Ho tan 9,14g hp kim Cu, Mg v Al bng dung dch HCl d thu c kh X v 2,54g cht rn Y. Trong hp kim, khi lng Al gp 4,5 ln khi lng Mg. Th tch kh X (kc) l A. 7,84 lt B. 5,6 lt C. 5,8 lt D. 6,2 lt 5. Cho 19,2g Cu vo dung dch long cha 0,4 mol HNO3, phn ng xy ra hon ton th th tch kh NO thu c (kc) l A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 3,36 lt 6. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng trong s chuyn ho sau
Cr Cr2O3 Cr2(SO4)3 VI. DN D: TIT SAU KIM TRA VIT
(1) (2) (3)

Cr(OH) 3

(4)

NaCrO 2

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 60

S LC V NIKEN, KM, CH, THIC

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: * HS bit: - V tr ca Ag, Au, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn trong bng tun hon. - Tnh cht v ng dng ca Ag, Au, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn. 2. K nng: - Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn xy ra (nu c) khi cho tng kim loi Ag, Au, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn tc dng vi cc dung dch axit, vi cc phi kim. II. Chun b: GV: - Cc mu kim loi: Ag, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn. - Dung dch HCl hoc H2SO4 long. - Bng HTTH nguyn t ho hc III. Phng php dy hc ch yu - m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. Tin trnh bi dy: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 1 I BC: Ag GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc 1. V tr trong bng tun hon nh v tr ca Ag trong bng tun hon. s 47, nhm IB, chu k 5. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Ag v nghin Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu trng , mm, khi cu thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. lng ring ln (d = 10,5g/cm3). Dn in, dn nhit tt nht HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng ca Ag Tnh cht ho hc: C tnh kh yu: - Khng b oxh trong kk, d nhit cao

97

GIO N 12 C BN

- Khng tc dng vi axit HCl, H2SO4 long - Tc dng vi axit c tnh oxh mnh nh axit H2SO4 c, HNO3: Ag + 2HNO3 AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O - Ag c mu en khi tip xc vi kk hoc nc c mt H2S: 4Ag + 2H2S + O2 2Ag2S + 2H2O ng dng: - Ch to trang sc, vt trang tr.. - Ch to hp kim - Ion Ag+ c kh nng st trng, dit khun Hot ng 2 II VNG: Au GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc 1. V tr trong bng tun hon nh v tr ca Au trong bng tun hon. s 79, nhm IB, chu k 6. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Au v nghin Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu vng , mm, khi cu thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. lng ring ln (d = 19,3g/cm3). Dn in, dn nhit tt nht HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng ca Au Tnh cht ho hc: C tnh kh rt yu: - Khng b oxh trong kk, d nhit cao - Khng b ha tan trong axit HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Au trong - B ha tan trong nc cng toan (hn hp gm SGK. 1VHNO3+ 3VHCl) Au + HNO3 + 3HCl AuCl3 + NO + 2H2O - C k/n to phc vi dd mui xianua ca kim loi kim. - To hn hng vi Hg 4Ag + 2H2S + O2 2Ag2S + 2H2O ng dng: - Ch to trang sc, vt trang tr.. - Ch to hp kim HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Ag trong SGK. Hot ng 3 GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh v tr ca Ni trong bng tun hon. III NIKEN 1. V tr trong bng tun hon s 28, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Ni v nghin Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu trng bc, rt cu thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. cng, khi lng ring ln (d = 8,9g/cm3). Tnh cht ho hc: C tnh kh yu hn Fe, tc HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Ni tc dng c vi nhiu n cht v hp cht, khng tc dng vi O2 v Cl2. dng vi H2.

2Ni + O 2
HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Ni trong SGK.

5000C t
0

2NiO

Ni + Cl NiCl2 2 Bn vi khng kh v nc nhit thng. ng dng: - Dng trong ngnh luyn kim. Thp cha Ni c bn cao v mt c hc v ho hc. - M ln st chng g cho st. Trong cng nghip ho cht, Ni c dng lm cht xc tc.

98

GIO N 12 C BN

Hot ng 4 IV KM GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc 1. V tr trong bng tun hon nh v tr ca Zn trong bng tun hon. s 30, nhm IIB, chu k 4. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Zn v nghin Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi c mu lam nht. cu thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. Trong khng kh m, km b ph mt lp oxit mng nn c mu xm. Khi lng ring ln (d = 7,13g/cm3), tnc = 419,50C. trng thi rn v cc hp cht ca Zn khng c. HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Zn tc Ring hi ca ZnO th rt c. dng vi O2 v S. Tnh cht ho hc: L kim loi hot ng, c tnh kh mnh hn Fe.

2Zn + 2 O
HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Zn trong SGK.

t0

2ZnO

Zn + S

ZnS

ng dng: Dng m (hoc trng) ln st bo v st khi b g. Dng ch to hp kim nh hp kim vi Cu. Dng sn xut pin kh. Mt s hp cht ca km dng trong y hc nh ZnO dng lm thuc gim au dy thn kinh, cha bnh eczema, bnh nga,

Hot ng 5 V CH GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc 1. V tr trong bng tun hon nh v tr ca Pb trong bng tun hon. s 82, nhm IVA, chu k 6. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Zn v nghin Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu trng hi xanh, cu thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. khi lng ring ln (d = 11,34g/cm3), tnc = 327,40C, mm. Tnh cht ho hc: HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Pb tc t0 2Pb + 2 O 2PbO dng vi O2 v S.

PbS HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Pb trong ng dng: SGK. - Ch v cc hp cht ca ch u rt c. - Ch to cc bn cc cquy, v dy cp, u n v dng ch to thit b bo v khi tia phng x. Hot ng 6 VI THIC GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc 1. V tr trong bng tun hon nh v tr ca Sn trong bng tun hon. s 50, nhm IVA, chu k 5. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Sn v nghin Tnh cht vt l: cu thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. - L kim loi mu trng bc, khi lng ring ln (d = 7,92g/cm3), mm, d dt mng, tnc = 2320C. - Tn ti di 2 dng th hnh l thic trng v thic HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Sn tc xm. dng vi HCl v O2. Tnh cht ho hc: Sn + 2HCl SnCl2 + H2
Sn + O SnO 2 2 HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Sn trong ng dng: Ph ln b mt ca st chng g (st SGK. ty) dng trong cng nghip thc phm. L thic mng (giy thic) dng trong t in. Hp kim Sn Pb (tnc = 1800C) dng hn. SnO2 c dng lm men trong cng nghip gm s v lm thu tinh m
t0

Pb + S

t0

99

GIO N 12 C BN

Hot ng 7: Cng c 1. Dy kim loi no sau y sp xp cc kim loi ng theo th t tnh kh tng dn ? A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn C. Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb D. Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn 2. St ty l st c ph ln b mt bi kim loi no sau y ? A. Zn B. Ni C. Sn D. Cr * BTVN: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9/ 219.

Ngy son:............/............

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc v tnh cht ho hc quan trng ca st, crom, ng v mt s hp cht ca chng. - Tin hnh mt s th nghim c th: + iu ch FeCl2, Fe(OH)2. + Th tnh oxi ho ca K2Cr2O7 + Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. 2. K nng: Tip tc rn luyn k nng lm th nghim ho hc nh k nng lm vic vi cc ho cht (rn, lng), vi dng c th nghim, un nng dung dch, k nng quan st, gii thch cc hin tng ho hc, 3. Thi : Cn thn v nghim tc. II. CHUN B: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, gi ng nghim, n cn. 2. Ho cht: Kim loi: Cu, inh st; Cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH, K2Cr2O7; H2SO4c. III. PHNG PHP: HS tin hnh cc th nghim theo nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din, nhc nh ni quy v cc an ton khi tin hnh th nghim. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 1: Cng vic u bui thc hnh. GV: nu mc tiu, yu cu ca tit thc hnh, n tp nhng kin thc c bn v st, crom, ng, v phn ng oxi ho kh. - Lm mu mt s th nghim. HS: lng nghe, tip thu, chun b thc hnh. Hot ng 2: Th nghim 1: Tnh cht ha hc ca K2Cr2O7 HS: tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. * Tin hnh: (SGK) GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc * Hin tng v gii thch: hin th nghim. - Dung dch lc u c mu gia cam ca ion Cr2O72- sau chuyn dn sang mu xanh ca ion Cr3+. K2Cr2O7 + 6 FeSO4 + 7 H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 +K2SO4 +3 Fe2(SO4)3 + 7 H2O. * Kt lun: K2Cr2O7 c tnh oxi ha mnh , c bit trong mi trng axit, Cr+6 b kh thnh ion Cr3+.

THC HANH: TNH CHAT HOA HOC CUA SAT, CROM, ONG VA NHNG HP CHAT CUA CHUNG

Ti t 61

100

GIO N 12 C BN

Hot ng 3: Th nghim 2: iu ch v th tnh cht ca HS: tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. hiroxit st GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc * Tin hnh: (SGK) hin th nghim. * Hin tng v gii thch: - Trong ng nghim (1) xut hin kt ta mu trng xanh, ng nghim (2) xut hin kt ta mu nu . P: FeSO4 + 2 NaOH Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6 NaOH 2 Fe(OH)3 + 3 Na2SO4 - Dng a thu tinh ly nhanh tng loi kt ta, sau nh tip vo mi ng nghim vi git dung dch HCl. - Trong ng nghim (1) kt ta tan dn, thu c dung dch c mu lc nht ca FeCl2. Trong ng nghim (2) kt ta tan dn to ra dung dch c mu nu ca FeCl3. * Kt lun: St (II) hidroxit v st (III) hidroxit c tnh baz. Hot ng 4: Th nghim 3: Tnh cht ha hc ca mui st HS: tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. * Tin hnh: (SGK) GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc * Dung dch trong ng nghim chuyn dn t hin th nghim. mu vng sang mu nu sm v cui cng xut hin kt ta tm en. P: 2 FeCl3 + 2 KI 2 FeCl2 + 2 KCl + I2 * Kt lun: Mui Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha. Hot ng 5 Th nghim 4: Tnh cht ha hc ca ng HS: tin hnh th nghim nh SGK. * Tin hnh: (SGK) GV: quan st, hng dn, gip HS thc * Hin tng v gii thch: hin th nghim. - ng nghim (1) khng c p xy ra - ng nghim (2) p ha hc cng khng xy ra. - ng nghim (3) sau mt thi gian ming ng nghim c kh mu nu , dung dch c mu xanh. Hot ng 6: HS: Vit tng trnh GV: Nhn xt bui thc hnh. V. CNG C: VI. DN D: XEM TRC BI: NHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH.

Ngy son:............/............ CHNG 8: PHN BIT MT S CHT V C

Tie t 62

NHAN BIET MOT SO ION TRONG DUNG DCH

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Bit nguyn tc nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch.

101

GIO N 12 C BN

- Bit cch nhn bit cc cation: Na+, NH + , Ba2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+. 4
O - Bit cch nhn bit cc anion: NO 3 , SO 2 , Cl, C 3 4 2. K nng: C k nng tin hnh th nghim nhn bit cc cation v anion trong dung dch. 3. Thi : Cn thn v nghim tc. II. CHUN B: - ng nghim, cp ng nghim, gi ng nghim, n cn. - Cc dung dch: NaCl, BaCl2, AlCl3, NH4Cl, FeCl3, NaNO3, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, CuCl2, NH3, HCl, H2SO4. Cc kim loi: Fe, Cu. III. PHNG PHP: Din ging + trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din, nhc nh ni quy v cc an ton khi tin hnh th nghim. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I NGUYN TC NHN BIT MT ION TRONG GV ?: Bng mt thng, da vo u ta c th nhn DUNG DCH Thm vo dung dch mt thuc th to vi ion mt sn bit sn phm ca mt phn ng ho hc ? HS: T nu ra c nguyn tc chung nhn bit phm c trng nh mt kt ta, mt hp cht c mu hoc mt cht kh kh tan si bt hoc mt kh bay ra khi mt ion trong dung dch. dung dch. Hot ng 2 II NHN BIT MT S CATION TRONG DUNG GV biu din th nghim nhn bit cation Na+ bng DCH 1. Nhn bit cation Na+: Th mu ngn la. cch th mu ngn la. n a + ngo l HS nu hin tng quan st c. Cation Na ma vag ti u n (dd hoa muora) c i n
2

2. Nhn bit cation N 4 H+ Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dung dch NaOH Thuc th: dung dch kim NaOH (hoc KOH). vo ng nghim ng khong 2 ml dung dch NH4Cl Hin tng: C kh mi khai thot ra, kh ny lm xanh ri un nng ng nghim. Dung giy qu tm m giy qu tm m). nhn bit kh NH3 hoc nhn bit bng mi khai. 0 + - t NH 4 + OH NH 3 + H2O
(la quy a hoa m tm m xanh)

Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dd H2SO4 long vo 3. Nhn bit cation Ba ng nghim ng khong 1 ml dung dch BaCl 2. Nh Thuc th: dung dch H2SO4 long. thm dd H2SO4 l, lc ng nghim thy kt ta khng Hin tng: C kt ta trng to thnh. tan trong H2SO4 d. Ba2+ + SO2 BaSO4
4

2+

Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dn tng git dd NaOH vo ng nghim ng khong 1ml dd AlCl3 thu c kt ta trng di dng keo. Nh thm dd NaOH, lc ng nghim thy kt ta tan trong dd NaOH d.

Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dd NaOH vo ng nghim cha khong 2ml dd FeCl2 thu c kt ta mu trng xanh Fe(OH)2. un nng ng nghim thy kt ta trng xanh chuyn dn sang mu vng ri cui cng thnh mu nu .

Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dd NaOH vo ng nghim ng khong 2ml dd FeCl3 thu c kt ta nu Fe(OH)3.

4. Nhn bit cation Al3+ Thuc th: dung dch kim d. Hin tng: Ban u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta b ho tan tr li. Al3+ + 3OH Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH AlO 2 + 2H2O 5. Nhn bit cc cation Fe2+ v Fe3+ a) Nhn bit cation Fe2+ Thuc th: dung dch kim (OH) hoc dung dch NH3. Hin tng: Ban u c kt ta mu trng hi xanh, sau chuyn thnh kt ta mu vng ri cui cng chuyn thnh mu nu . Fe2+ + 2OH Fe(OH)2 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 b) Nhn bit cation Fe3+ Thuc th: dung dch kim (OH) hoc dung dch NH3. Hin tng: To thnh kt ta mu nu . Fe3+ + 3OH Fe(OH)3 b) Nhn bit cation Cu2+ Thuc th: dung dch NH3.

102

GIO N 12 C BN

Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dung dch NH3 vo ng nghim cha khong 1 ml dd CuSO4 thu c kt ta mu xanh Cu(OH)2. Nh thm dd NH3 n d, lc ng nghim thy kt ta li tan i do to thnh ion phc [Cu(NH3)4]2+ c mu xanh lam m. Hot ng 3 Nhm HS lm th nghim: Cho vo ng nghim khong 2 ml dung dch NaNO3, thm tip vi git dung dch H2SO4 v vi l Cu mng. un nng ng nghim cha hn hp cc cht phn ng. Quan st hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH dng phn t v ion thu gn ca phn ng. Nhm HS lm th nghim: Nh dung dch BaCl2 vo ng nghim cha 2 ml dd Na2SO4 trng BaSO4. Nh thm vo ng nghim vi git dd HCl hoc H2SO4 long, lc ng nghim thy kt ta khng tan trong axit HCl hoc H2SO4 long. Nhm HS lm th nghim: Rt vo ng nghim 2 ml dung dch NaCl v thm vi git dd HNO3 lm mi trng. Nh vo ng nghim trn vi gt dung dch AgNO3 thu c kt ta AgCl mu trng. Nhm HS lm th nghim: Rt vo ng nghim khong 2 ml dung dch Na2CO3. Nh tip vo ng nghim vi git dd HCl hc H2SO4 long. Quan st hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca phn ng.

Hin tng: Ban u to thnh kt ta mu xanh, sau kt ta b ho tan trong dung dch NH3d to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam m. Cu2+ + 2OH Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OH III NHN BIT MT S ANION TRONG DUNG DCH O 1. Nhn bit anion N 3 Thuc th: Kim loi Cu + dd H2SO4 long. Hin tng: Kim loi Cu bho tan to dung dch mu xanh lam ng thi c kh mu nu thot ra. O 3Cu + 2 N 3 + 8H+ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O 2NO + O2 2NO2 (nu 2. Nhn bit anion S 4 O2 Thuc th: dung dch BaCl2/mi trng axit long d (HCl hoc HNO3 long) Hin tng: C kt ta trng to thnh. Ba2+ + S 2 BaSO4 O4 3. Nhn bit anion Cl Thuc th: dung dch AgNO3 Hin tng: C kt ta trng to thnh. Ag+ + Cl AgCl O 2 4. Nhn bit anion C 3 Thuc th: dung dch H+ v dung dch Ca(OH)2. Hin tng: C kh khng mu bay ra, kh ny lm dung dch nc vi trong b vn c. C 3 + 2H+ CO2 + H2O O2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O

V. CNG C: Bi tp s 1 trang 174 (SGK). VI. DN D: XEM TRC BI: NHN BIT MT S CHT KH.

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 63

NHN BIT MT S CHT KH

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: - Bit nguyn tc chung nhn bit mt cht kh. - Bit cch nhn bit cc cht kh CO2, SO2, H2S, NH3. 2. K nng: lm th nghim thc hnh nhn bit mt s cht kh. 3. Thi : Cn thn v nghim tc. II. CHUN B: Dng c th nghim v cc bnh kh CO2, SO2, H2S, NH3. III. PHNG PHP: Din ging + trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din, nhc nh ni quy v cc an ton khi tin hnh th nghim.

103

GIO N 12 C BN

2. Kim tra bi c: C 3 dung dch, mi dung dch cha mt cation sau: Ba2+, Al3+, NH + . Trnh by cch 4 nhn bit chng. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 I NGUYN TC CHUNG NHN BIT MT GV t vn : C bnh kh Cl2 v bnh kh O2. lm CHT KH Da vo tnh cht vt l hoc tnh cht ho hc c trng th no nhn bit cc kh ? ca cht kh . - Kh Cl2 c mu vng lc: Nhn bit bng tnh cht Th d: Nhn bit kh H2S da vo mi trng thi, kh NH3 vt l. - a than hng vo bnh kh O2 n bng chy: Nhn bng mi khai c trng ca n. bit bng tnh cht ho hc. Rt ra kt lun. II NHN BIT MT S CHT KH 1. Nhn bit kh CO2 Hot ng 2 c im ca kh CO2: Khng mu, khng mi, nng HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng c im hn khng kh, rt t tan trong nc Khi to thnh t ca kh CO2. cc dung dch nc n to nn s si bt kh mnh v c GV t vn : Trong th nghim thi kh CO i qua trng. ng s ng CuO, un nng, ta c th nhn bit sn C 3 + 2H+ CO2 + H2O O2 phm kh ca phn ng bng cch no ? HCO 3 + H+ CO2 + H2O HS chn thuc th tr li. Thuc th: Dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 d. Hin tng: C kt ta trng to thnh, lm dung dch thu c b vn c. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O Ch : Cc kh SO2 v SO3 cng to c kt ta trng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 v dung dch Ba(OH)2. 2. Nhn bit kh SO2 HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng c im ca kh SO2. c im ca kh SO2 - Kh SO2 khng mu, nng hn khng kh, gy ngt v GV t vn : Lm th no phn bit kh SO2vi kh CO2 ? C th dng dung dch Ca(OH)2hay c. - Kh SO2 cng lm c nc vi trong nh kh CO2. khng ? Kt lun: Thuc th tt nht nhn bit kh SO2 l Thuc th: Dung dch nc Br2 d. dung dch nc Br2. Hin tng: Nc Br2 b nht mu. SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr 3. Nhn bit kh H2S HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng c im ca kh H2S. c im ca kh H2S: Kh H2S khng mu, nng hn khng kh, c mi trng thi v rt c. GV t vn : C th nhn bit kh H2S da vo Thuc th: Dung dch mui Cu2+ hoc Pb2+. tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ho hc no ? Hin tng: C kt ta mu en to thnh. - Tnh cht vt l: Mi trng thi. H2S + Cu2+ CuS + 2H+ 2+ - Tnh cht ho hc: To c kt ta en vi ion Cu mu en v Pb2+. H2S + Pb2+ PbS + 2H+ mu en 4. Nhn bit kh NH3 HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng c im ca kh NH3. c im ca kh NH3: Kh H2S khng mu, nh hn GV t vn : Lm th no nhn bit kh NH3 bng khng kh, tan nhiu trong nc, c mi khai c trng. phng php vt l v phng php ho hc ? Thuc th: Ngi bng mi hoc dng giy qu tm m. - Phng php vt l: Mi khai. Hin tng: C mi khai, lm giy qu tm m ho - Phng php ho hc: NH3 lm giy qu tm m ho xanh. xanh. V. CNG C: 1. C th dng dung dch nc vi trong phn bit 2 kh CO2 v SO2 c khng ? Ti sao ? 2. Cho 2 bnh kh ring bit ng cc kh CO2 v SO2. Hy trnh by cch nhn bit tng kh. Vit cc PTHH. VI. DN D: 1. HS v nh chun b mt s bng tng kt theo mu sau: a) Nhn bit mt s cation trong dung dch

104

GIO N 12 C BN

Thuc th Cation

dung dch NaOH

dung dch NH3

dung dch H2SO4 long

NH + 4 Ba2+ Al3+ Fe3+ Fe2+ Cu2+ b) Nhn bit mt s anion trong dung dch Thuc th dung dch NaOH Anion
N 3 O

dung dch NH3

dung dch H2SO4 long

SO 2 4 Cl
C 3 O2

c) Nhn bit mt s cht kh Kh Phng php vt l Phng php ho hc CO2 SO2 H2S NH3 2. XEM TRC BI: LUYN TP: NHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH.

Ngy son:............/............

Ti t 64

LUYN TP: NHN BIT MT S CHT V C

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch v mt s cht kh. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng lm th nghim nhn bit. 3. Thi : Cn thn v nghim tc. II. CHUN B: HS chun b bng tng kt cch nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch v mt s cht kh. III. PHNG PHP: Din ging + trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din, nhc nh ni quy v cc an ton khi tin hnh th nghim. 2. Kim tra bi c: 3. Bi mi: HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Trnh by cch nhn bit cc ion trong cc dung dch ring r sau: Ba2+, Fe3+, Cu2+. Hot ng 1 Gii HS da vo phn ng c trng dng nhn bit cc cation gii quyt bi ton. GV quan st, theo di, gip HS hon thnh bi tp.

105

GIO N 12 C BN

Ba2+ Fe , Cu , 3+ 2+
trag n 2+ +dd SO4
2-

Ba

Fe , Cu
na o u 3+

khog hie t g n n n 3+ 2+ +dd NH3 d xanh, sau o tan 2+

Hot ng 2 GV yu cu HS cho bit cc hin tng xy ra khi cho t t dung dch NaOH vo mi dung dch, t xem c th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu dung dch.

Hot ng 3 GV yu cu HS xc nh mi trng ca cc dung dch. HS gii quyt bi ton.

Hot ng 3 HS t gii quyt bi ton.

Hot ng 4 GV lu HS y l bi tp chng t s c mt ca cc cht nn nu c n cht th ta phi chng minh c s c mt ca c n cht. Dng bi tp nay khc so vi bi tp nhn bit (nhn bit n cht th ta ch cn nhn bit c n 1 cht). HS gii quyt bi ton di s hng dn ca GV.

Fe Cu Bi 2: C 5 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau y (nng khong 0,1M): NH4Cl, FeCl2, AlCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2. Ch dng dung dch NaOH nh t t vo tng dung dch, c th nhn bit c ti da cc dung dch no sau y ? A. Hai dung dch: NH4Cl, CuCl2. B. Ba dung dch: NH4Cl, MgCl2, CuCl2. C. Bn dung dch: NH4Cl, AlCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2. D. C 5 dung dch. Bi 3: C 4 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau (nng khong 0,01M): NaCl, Na2CO3, KHSO4 v CH3NH2. Ch dng giy qu tm ln lt nhng vo 4 dung dch, quan st s thay i mu sc ca n c th nhn bit c dy cc dung dch no ? A. Dung dch NaCl. B. Hai dung dch NaCl v KHSO4. C. Hai dung dch KHSO4 v CH3NH2. D. Ba dung dch NaCl, KHSO4 v Na2CO3. Bi 4: Hy phn bit hai dung dch ring r sau: (NH4)2S v (NH4)2SO4 bng mt thuc th. Gii Cho mt mu giy lc tm dung dch Pb(NO3)2 vo 2 dung dch trn, dung dch no lm cho mu giy lc chuyn sang mu en l dung dch (NH4)2S. (NH4)2S + Pb(NO3)2 PbS + 2NH4NO3 Bi 5: C hn hp kh gm SO2, CO2v H2. Hy chng minh trong hn hp c mt tng kh . Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng. Gii Cho hn hp kh i qua nc Br2 d, thy nc Br2 b nht mu chng t c kh SO2. SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr (1) Kh i ra sau phn ng tip tc dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy c kt ta trng chng t c kh CO2. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (2) Kh i ra sau phn ng (2) dn qua ng ng CuO un nng thy to ra Cu mu chng t c kh H2. CuO + H 2
t0

Cu + H2O

V. CNG C: 1. C cc dung dch khng mu ng trong cc l ring bit, khng c nhn: ZnSO4, Mg(NO3), Al(NO3)3. phn bit cc dung dch trn c th dng A. qu tm B. dd NaOH C. dd Ba(OH)2 D. dd BaCl2 2. phn bit cc dung dch trong cc l ring bit, khng dn nhn: MgCl2, ZnCl2, AlCl3, FeCl2, KCl bng phng php ho hc, c th dng A. dd NaOH B. dd NH3 C. dd Na2CO3 D. qu tm 3. phn bit 2 dung dch Na2CO3 v Na2SO3 c th ch cn dng A. dd HCl B. nc Br2 C. dd Ca(OH)2 D. dd H2SO4 4. Khng th nhn bit cc kh CO2, SO2 v O2 ng trong cc bnh ring bit nu ch dng A. nc Br2 v tn m chy d. B. nc Br2 v dung dch Ba(OH)2.

106

GIO N 12 C BN

C. nc vi trong v nc Br2. D. tn m chy d v nc vi trong. 5. phn bit cc kh CO, CO2, O2 v SO2 c th dng A. tn m chy d, nc vi trong v nc Br2. B. tn m chy d, nc vi trong v dung dch K2CO3. C. dung dch Na2CO3 v nc Br2. D. tn m chy d v nc Br2. 6. Phng th nghim b nhim bn bi kh Cl2. Ho cht no sau y c th kh c Cl2 mt cch tng i an ton ? A. Dung dch NaOH long. B. Dng kh NH3 hoc dung dch NH3. C. Dng kh H2S. D. Dng kh CO2. 7. Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit cc kh: O2, O3, NH3, HCl v H2S ng trong cc bnh ring bit. 8. kh kh H2S trong phng th nghim c th dng ho cht no ? 9. Trong qu trnh sn xut NH3 thu c hn hp gm c 3 kh: H2, N2 v NH3. Trnh by phng php ho hc chng t s c mt ca mi kh trong hn hp. VI. DN D:

107

GIO N 12 C BN

108