Trong mng truyn dn quang hin nay, hu ht da trn cng ngh AON (Active optical network) vi cc thit b Active

components tm gi l cc thit b ch ng, ti thit b tng i ca nh cung cp dch v ln thit b u cui ca khch hng cng nh cc trm chuyn mch trung gian. Active components, c ngha l cc thit b ny cn phi cung cp ngun cho mt s thnh phn, thng l b x l, cc chp nh -> Mt nhc im rt ln ca AON chnh l thit b chuyn mch. Vi cng ngh hin ti, thit b chuyn mch bt buc phi chuyn tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in phn tch thng tin ri tip tc chuyn ngc li truyn i. iu ny s lm gim tc truyn dn ti a c th trong h thng FTTx. Ngoi ra, do y l nhng chuyn mch c tc cao nn cc thit b ny rt t, nn chi ph xy dng, bo tr, sa cha l rt t. Vi mng Passive Optical Networks (PON) tm dch l mng quang th ng tt c cc thnh phn active gia tng i CO (Central Office) v ngi s dng s khng cn tn ti m thay vo l cc thit b quang th ng (passive), iu hng cc traffic trn mng da trn vic phn tch nng lng ca cc bc sng quang hc ti cc im u cui trn ng truyn. Vic thay th cc thit b ch ng s tit kim chi ph cho cc nh cung cp dch v v h khng cn cn n nng lng v cc thit b ch ng trn ng truyn na. Cc b ghp / tch th ng (Splitter) ch lm cc cng vic n thun nh cho i qua hoc chn nh sng li V th, khng cn nng lng hay cc ng tc x l tn hiu no v t , gn nh ko di v hn thi gian MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures), gim chi ph bo tr tng th cho cc nh cung cp dch v, thi cng n gin hn.

Hnh 1: Passive Optical Network PON c xy dng theo cu trc point-to-multipoint (mt im ti nhiu im), bao gm cc thit b tng (OLT Optical line terminators) t ti CO v b cc thit b con (ONT Optical network terminal hoc ONU Optical network unit) c t ti ngi s dng. Gia chng l

h thng mng quang (ODN Optical distribution network) bao gm cp quang, cc thit b ghp / tch th ng (Splitter). Trong mt mng PON, khong cch ti a t OLT n thit b ONT hay ONU l 20km. Cc thu bao c th s dng y cc dch v do PON cung cp (internet, cable TV, IPTV, video conference,), ty thuc vo yu cu m chn ONU/ONT ph hp. Nhng thu bao gn tng i OLT vn c th kt ni trc tip vi OLT s dng dch v m khng cn thng qua b chia Splitter. Mt OLT c th phc v bao nhiu thu bao ph thuc vo s port PON trn OLT v t l chia ca Splitter. Mt port PON (1GB) trn OLT c th dng splitter 132 chia n 32 thu bao, mi thu bao nhn bandwidth khong 30MB, t ng 30MB ny c th dng 1 splitter nh hn chia ra 3 thu bao (10MB mi thu bao)

Hnh 2: M hnh PON vi OLT Corecess S511

Hnh 3: OLT BDCom 8500 Series S khc nhau gia ONT v ONU

ONT phc v cho mt thu bao n l (nh ). ONT khng c tch hp cc chc nng bo mt cao. V th, gi ca mt ONT ch nm hng trm -la ONU phc v cho nhiu thu bao (trn cng mt ONU) (vn phng, ta nh ln). ONU c th hiu nm na nh l mt DSLAM (1) hay mt Ethernet Switch, nhiu chc nng hn ONT (bo mt).

Hnh 4: ONU P1000 Series T ONU c th chia ra nhiu ONT, v th gi thnh ca mt ONU vo khong hng ngn -la.