NAME : ZULHAIRI BIN MAMAT DATE : 10 AUGUST 2011 EXPERIMENT : STANDARDIZATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION BY OXALIC ACID QUANTITATIVE

DATA Table of burette reading Experiment 1 2 3 Initial reading 0.00 0.00 0.00 Burette reading / cm3 ( 0.05 cm3) Final reading Volume of solution used 33.00 33.00 31.20 31.20 30.30 30.30 Average 31.50

QUALITATIVE DATA 1. Sticky sodium hydroxide diluted with distilled water until all of it dissolve in water. 2. Powder of oxalic acid diluted with distilled water until all of it dissolve in water. 3. The colour of sodium hydroxide solution when dropped with phenolphthalein indicator is pink. 4. The pink colour solution turns to pale pink colour when the solution is titrate with oxalic acid and the point of hydrochloric used to neutralize sodium hydroxide solution is called end point. Mass of sodium hydroxide Mass of hydrated oxalic acid - (1.2999 g 0.0001 g ) - (1.6059 g 0.0001 g )

CALCULATION Average volume of oxalic acid used = 33.00 + 31.20 + 30.30 3 = 31.50 cm3 Chemical equation: 2NaOH + C2H2O4.2H2O Na2C2O4 + 4H2O

No of mol of oxalic acid = 1.6059 [ 2(12.01) + 6(1.01) + 6(16) ] = 1.6059 (126.08) = 0.0127 mol

n = MaVa 1000 Ma = (0.0127)(1000) 250.00 = 0.051 mol dm-3 MaVa = 1 MbVb 2 Mb = (2)(0.051)(31.50) 25.00 = 0.129 mol dm-3 Table of uncertainties of measuring instrument Measuring instrument Analytical balance 50.00 cm3 burette 250.00 cm3 pipette 250.00 cm3 volumetric flask 50.0 cm3 measuring cylinder Uncertainties 0.0001 g 0.05 cm3 0.03 cm3 0.15 cm3 0.5 cm3

ERROR ANALYSIS 1. Burette = 0.05 100% 31.50 = 0.16% 2. Pipette = 0.03 100% 25.00 = 0.12% 3. Volumetric flask i. = 0.15 100% 250.00 = 0.06%

ii.

= 0.15 100% 250.00 = 0.06%

4. Analytical balance i. = 0.0001 100% 1.2999 = 0.008%

ii. = 0.0001 100% 1.6059 = 0.006%

Total percentage error = 0.16% + 0.12% + 0.06% + 0.06% + 0.008% + 0.006% = 0.414% Absolute error = 0.414% 0.129 100% = 0.000534 mol dm-3 CONCLUSION The molarity of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.129 mol dm-3 0.000534 mol dm-3