TNH TON THI GIAN NG LNH THC PHM

FOOD FREEZING TIME CALCULATION

NGUYN BN Trng i hc Bch khoa, i hc Nng
TM TT Trong cng ngh thc phm, mi khi thit k mt sn phm mi th yu cu t ra l phi xc nh thi gian cp ng cho sn phm. Bi vit sau y s a ra cng thc tnh thi gian cp ng vt m, c th p dng cho cc my cp ng kiu i lu hoc kiu tip xc trong sn xut ABSTRACT In food processing technology, when a new product is engineering, humit product freezing time must be defined. The studying herein after is given the way to calculate humid product freezing time, maybe applying to airblast freezer or contact freezer.

1. Qu trnh ng lnh thc phm Cng ngh ch bin thc phm ng lnh thng gm cc khu: Thc phm Ch bin ng gi Cp ng Bo qun Khu cp ng yu cu lm ng ht m v h nhit tm sn phm xung ti tr s nhit tk no trc khi a vo kho lnh. Qu trnh cp ng gm c 3 giai on nh hnh 1 gm: 1 l thi gian h nhit vt m, t nhit ban u t1 n nhit ng bng t0 = 00C, 2 l thi gian ng kt m trong vt nhit t0 = const, 3 l thi gian qu lnh khi bng t nhit t0 n nhit tk yu cu. Mi trng lnh cn phi c nhit tf < tk < t0 < t1. Nu cp ng kiu i lu th vt m c bin loi 3 vi h s to nhit hu hn. Nu cp ng kiu tip xc th vt m c bin loi 1 vi tw = tf v coi . Thi gian ng lnh vt m l: = 1 + 2 + 3 2. Bi ton ng lnh thc phm Xt vt V dng hnh hp c kch thc 2 R D vi 2 < R < D, c m , khi lng H 1: t() ca vt m khi ng lnh ring , nhit dung ring C, h s dn nhit , nhit ban u t1, nhit ng bng t0, nhit ho rn r, cn c ng kt v qu lnh nhit ti tm ca vt t t k bng cch cho b mt F xung quanh vt tip xc vi mi trng c nhit tf < tk < t0 < t1 vi h s to nhit . Tnh ton thi gian cp ng theo cc thng s cho. 3. Tnh thi gian lm lnh vt m 1 3.1. Gi thit

1) Ti mi thi im , coi nhit t trong vt m l phn b u, bng nhit trung bnh trong th tch V. Gi thit ny cng ng khi m tng, v cng tng theo . 2) Cc thng s cho khng thay i trong thi gian kho st. 3.2. Thit lp cng thc tnh 1 Phng trnh cn bng nhit cho vt V trong d l: dUv = Q hay l: - VCdt = F(t tf)d Suy ra:

d t t t f t1
F

F d VC 0

t() = tf + (t1 tf)exp ( VC ) Thi gian 1 nhit t gim t t1 t0 l: t1 t f VC ln 1 = , [s] vi V = 2RD, F = 2(2R+2D+RD) F t0 t f Khi cp ng tip xc, vi sn phm V c bin loi 1, phng trnh cn bng nhit cho V l: dUV = Q hay l:
t t f

- VCdt = Suy ra:

Fd

t() = tf + (t1 tf)exp ( ) VC 1 =

t1 t f CV ln , [s] F t0 t f vi tf = tw l nhit b mt tip xc ca vt m.

4. Tnh thi gian ng kt m 2 Gi x l dy lp bng t c lc , dx l dy lp bng mi to ra sau thi gian d. Phng trnh cn bng nhit cho lp bng mi to ra dV = (1m2.dx) l: (nhit do lp bng mi to ra) = (nhit dn qua vch bng c c dy x) dQ = Q(x) tc l:
t0 t f .d x . = x 1 d r +

x 1 + .dx = 0

..r .d
0
2

t0 t f

H2: Phn b t(x) trong V lc

(x) =

2 r x r x 2 + = 2 (t t ) x + 2 x (t 0 t f ) 0 f Thi gian ng kt ton b m trong V, khi x = d l:

 2 r 1 + 2 , [s] 2 (t 0 t f ) ..(t0 t f ) dx Tc ng bng l: v = = , [m/s] d (x + ) r Khi cp ng tip xc, thay tf = tw v , c: .(t 0 t f ) 2 r 2 = , [s] v v = , [m/s] 2(t 0 t f ) rx

T2 =

5. Tnh thi gian qu lnh bng 3: Thi gian 3 tm vt m V t nhit tk c tnh theo cng thc nghim ca bi ton dn nhit khng n nh trong vch phng dy 2d, c dng:
3 (x=0,3 ) = t t = C1.exp k1 2 0 f 2

tk t f

a.

vi: v

k1 l nghim u ca phng trnh cotg k = C1 =

4. sin k1 2k1 + sin 2k1

k k = B

T suy ra: 3 =

2
a.k
2 1

ln

C1 (t0 t f

(t

t f

, [s]
k = 0 c nghim: k1 =

Khi cp ng tip xc, c , lc ny phng trnh cotg k =

4( t 0 t f ) 4 2 ln 3 = , [s] 2 .a ( t k t f )
6. Kim tra cc cng thc tnh ton bng v d thc t

C1 =

6.1. Bi ton: Cn cp ng cho mt gi thc phm hnh hp kch thc 2 R D = 0,1 0,2 3 0,3 m c cc thng s =1200 kg/m3, = 90%, r = 334 kJ/kg, C = 4,18 kJ/kg.K, = 2,21 W/m, a = 0,45.10-6 m2/s, t nhit t1 = 270C n t0 = 00C v tk = -200C bng i lu gi vi tf = -300C v = 20 W/m2. K v bng tip xc b mt c tw = tf = -300C. Tnh cc thi gian cn cp ng cho sn phm. 6.2. Cc thng s trung gian, gm c: V = 2 R D = 0,006 m3, F = 2.(2..R+2..D+R.D) = 0,11 m2 B . 0,4525 Phng trnh c trng ca bin to nhit l: tg k = = = c nghim k1 = .k k k 4. sin k1 0,626 do h s C1 = = 1,064 2k1 + sin 2k1 6.3. Cc khong thi gian ng lnh c tnh theo bng sau y:

Thi gian 1 2 3 1 = 2 =

Cp ng kiu i lu Cng thc tnh

VC t1 t f ln F t0 t f

Cp ng kiu tip xc Tr s (h) 2,44 10,24 4,57 17,25 1 = 2 = 3 = Cng thc tnh
t1 t f CV ln F t0 t f

Tr s (h) 1,1 1,89 0,84 3,83

2 r 1 + 2 2 ( t 0 t f ) C1 t 0 t f 2 ln 3 = tk t f ak12

2 r 2(t 0 t f

4 2 4( t 0 t f ) ln 2 a (t k t f )

= 1 + 2 + 3

= 1 + 2 + 3

Cc khong thi gian tnh ton thu c kh ph hp vi thc t sn xut ti cc x nghip ng lnh ti Nng. 7. Cc nhn xt v kt lun 7.1. Cc cng thc nu trn cho kt qu kh ph hp so vi thc t sn xut, do c th p dng tnh ton thi gian ng lnh cho cc khi thc phm dng hp bng my cp ng i lu hoc tip xc vi cc thng s tu chn. 7.2. Khi dng cc cng thc trn tnh ton thi gian sn xut nc cy, ch cn thay = 1, 3 =0. 7.3. Vi cc vt m hnh tr hoc hnh cu c bn knh R. Bng phng php cn bng nhit nh trn, c th thu c cng thc tnh thi gian ng kt l: 2 rR 1 + 2 , [s] 2 = vi V l hnh tr. 4(t 0 t f ) .R
2 rR 1 + 2 , [s] vi V l hnh cu. 6 ( t 0 t f ) .R Thi gian 3 tnh theo cng thc m t nhit tm ca hnh tr hay cu trong quan h vi thi gian lm ngui sn phm. 7.4. Vi cc vt m c dng bt qui tc, c th quay v bi ton phng, tr hoc cu ly gn ng v p dng cc cng thc trn.

2 =